阅读说明：本技术 管状流体流动无盐结晶光热海水淡化装置及其制备方法 (Tubular fluid flowing salt-free crystallization photo-thermal seawater desalination device and preparation method thereof ) 是由 张永毅 袁鹏 曹培 李清文 王岩冰 于 2021-10-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种管状流体流动无盐结晶光热海水淡化装置及其制备方法。所述管状流体流动无盐结晶光热海水淡化装置包括：光热界面水蒸发机构、第一吸水机构和第一排水机构,所述光热界面水蒸发机构包括光吸收壳层和吸水芯层,所述光吸收壳层包覆在所述吸水芯层表面,其中,第一吸水机构、第一排水机构分别与所述吸水芯层连接,从而在所述第一吸水机构、吸水芯层、第一排水机构之间形成水传输通道；第一吸水机构设置于第一蓄水装置内,所述第一排水机构设置于第二蓄水装置内。本发明提供的光热海水淡化装置,利用液面势能,通过引导液体的流动,经过光热层蒸发,在液体蒸发至饱和浓度前就被排出,达到完全杜绝盐结晶的目的,增加装置耐用性。(The invention discloses a tubular fluid flowing salt-free crystallization photo-thermal seawater desalination device and a preparation method thereof. The tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination device comprises: the water-absorbing and water-draining device comprises a photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism, a first water absorbing mechanism and a first water draining mechanism, wherein the photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism comprises a light absorbing shell layer and a water absorbing core layer, the light absorbing shell layer is coated on the surface of the water absorbing core layer, the first water absorbing mechanism and the first water draining mechanism are respectively connected with the water absorbing core layer, and therefore a water transmission channel is formed among the first water absorbing mechanism, the water absorbing core layer and the first water draining mechanism; the first water suction mechanism is arranged in the first water storage device, and the first water discharge mechanism is arranged in the second water storage device. The photo-thermal seawater desalination device provided by the invention utilizes the potential energy of the liquid surface, leads the liquid to flow, evaporates through the photo-thermal layer, and is discharged before the liquid is evaporated to the saturated concentration, so that the aim of completely avoiding salt crystallization is achieved, and the durability of the device is improved.)

1. A tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photo-thermal seawater desalination device is characterized by comprising: the water-absorbing and water-draining device comprises a photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism, a first water absorbing mechanism and a first water draining mechanism, wherein the photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism comprises a light absorbing shell layer and a water absorbing core layer, the light absorbing shell layer is coated on the surface of the water absorbing core layer, the first water absorbing mechanism and the first water draining mechanism are respectively connected with the water absorbing core layer, and therefore a water transmission channel is formed among the first water absorbing mechanism, the water absorbing core layer and the first water draining mechanism; the first water suction mechanism is arranged in the first water storage device, and the first water discharge mechanism is arranged in the second water storage device.

2. The tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the light absorption shell layer is provided with a plurality of micropores.

3. The tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: the diameter of the micropores is 50-200 μm;

and/or the spacing of the micropores is 600-2400 μm.

4. The tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination plant according to claim 2, characterized in that: the photothermal interface water evaporation mechanism has a disc-shaped structure formed by winding along a specified direction.

5. The tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination plant according to claim 4, characterized in that: the first water sucking mechanism stretches into the first water storage device and is in liquid contact with the first water storage device, and the first water discharging mechanism stretches into the second water storage device.

6. The tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination plant according to claim 5, characterized in that: the first drainage mechanism is arranged at the edge of the photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism;

and/or the first water suction mechanism is arranged at the center of the photothermal interface water evaporation mechanism, and the tail end of the first water drainage mechanism is lower than the liquid level in the first water storage device.

7. The tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the light absorption shell layer comprises photo-thermal polymers, photo-thermal plasma materials or photo-thermal semiconductors.

8. The tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that: the water absorption core layer is made of a flexible material; and/or the water-absorbing core layer material comprises non-woven fabrics, hydrophilic foam, cotton ropes or hemp ropes.

9. The tubular fluid flow salt-free crystalline photothermal seawater desalination plant of any one of claims 1-8, wherein: and an adhesive layer is coated between the light absorption shell layer and the water absorption core layer.

10. A preparation method of a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination device is implemented on the basis of the tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination device, and comprises the following steps: and enabling the first water absorption mechanism to be in contact with liquid in the first water storage device, enabling the first drainage mechanism to be in contact with liquid in the second water storage device, and enabling the liquid level in the first water storage device to be higher than the liquid level in the second water storage device.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a seawater desalination device, in particular to a tubular fluid flowing salt-free crystallization photo-thermal seawater desalination device and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of seawater desalination.

Background

With the development and utilization of nature by human beings, while realizing scientific and technological progress, serious damage is caused to the environment, the problem of natural resource shortage is more and more prominent, and in order to deal with the problem of natural shortage of water, multiple water treatment technologies are developed, for example: electrodialysis, membrane evaporation, reverse osmosis and the like, but due to high construction cost and high maintenance cost, the technologies are difficult to widely popularize in poor areas, solar energy is the largest developable, renewable and sustainable resource so far, huge energy is provided for the earth, and the direct utilization of solar energy for photothermal seawater desalination is considered to be a promising desalination mode.

For the last decade, photothermal interface water evaporation systems have been developed for clean water production, and such devices show surprisingly high efficiency water evaporation capabilities. This is due to the fact that solar heat conversion materials can efficiently convert absorbed sunlight into heat energy. Near future, photothermal interface water evaporation systems may be of more widespread interest due to their efficient use of clean energy and zero greenhouse gas emissions.

At present, a photothermal interface water evaporation system is generally a three-dimensional structure composed of a light absorption layer, a heat insulation layer and a water transport layer, so as to achieve higher photothermal conversion efficiency and reduce heat loss. In order to seek high efficiency, the light absorption layer is generally made of a material with strong light absorption, such as graphene, graphene oxide, biomass-derived amorphous carbon, graphite, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and the like.

The light and heat sea water desalination device is in the course of the work, and the durability and the evaporation rate of device are all very important, and in the light and heat evaporation process, a large amount of sea water is evaporated, can produce a large amount of salt crystals simultaneously and adhere to just on the light and heat layer, and this can seriously reduce light and heat efficiency to reduce device life.

At present, in order to solve these problems, researchers have taken some methods to reduce the influence of salt crystallization on photo-thermal seawater desalination devices, for example, by regulating and controlling the liquid flow, salt crystallization is generated at the edge of the device, salt separation is achieved, or by increasing the fluid inlet and outlet, fluid is made to flow inside the device, and high-salt-concentration seawater is taken away after evaporation, so as to achieve true seawater evaporation without crystallization.

The edge crystallization type photo-thermal seawater desalination device does not stop salt crystallization, only leads the salt crystallization to be generated at a specific position without covering excessive photo-thermal surfaces through guiding, and reduces the influence of the salt crystallization on the evaporation rate.

In addition, the fluid flows from one side to the other side through a simple plane structure, the aim of no crystallization is effectively achieved, the problem of salt crystallization is thoroughly solved, but the difference of pressure can cause different flow rates of the fluid through Bernoulli equation, so that the inlet and the outlet of the device have to be as wide as the photothermal end, the device is further bloated, in addition, the fluid flows on a flexible plane material and is influenced by additional viscous force and local resistance, local non-uniform flow is easily formed, and water evaporation and salt discharge are not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a tubular fluid flowing salt-free crystallization photo-thermal seawater desalination device and a preparation method thereof, so as to overcome the defects in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:

the embodiment of the invention provides a tubular fluid flowing salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination device, which comprises: the water-absorbing and water-draining device comprises a photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism, a first water absorbing mechanism and a first water draining mechanism, wherein the photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism comprises a light absorbing shell layer and a water absorbing core layer, the light absorbing shell layer is coated on the surface of the water absorbing core layer, the first water absorbing mechanism and the first water draining mechanism are respectively connected with the water absorbing core layer, and therefore a water transmission channel is formed among the first water absorbing mechanism, the water absorbing core layer and the first water draining mechanism; the first water suction mechanism is arranged in the first water storage device, and the first water discharge mechanism is arranged in the second water storage device.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination device and the preparation method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention combine the in-tube flow and the in-plane diffusion, high-concentration brine is diffused to the edge of the photothermal surface in the in-plane diffusion mode, the strong brine which is about to be crystallized and is about to be saturated at the edge is discharged in the in-tube flow mode, the potential energy of the liquid level is taken as the driving force, and the liquid continuously flows, so that the aim of completely avoiding salt crystallization is fulfilled, the stable work for a super-long time is realized, and the durability of the photothermal seawater desalination device is greatly improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments described in the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination plant according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination plant according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for manufacturing a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photo-thermal seawater desalination plant according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph of experimental data of a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallized photothermal seawater desalination plant provided in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention at different pore sizes;

FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallized photothermal seawater desalination plant for 24 hours under different pore sizes according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a data diagram of a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination apparatus with different aperture experiments according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a graph showing the change of evaporation rate of a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination device under ultra-long time water evaporation in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a first container; 2. a second container; 3. a photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism; 4. a first water absorbing mechanism; 5. a first drainage mechanism.

Detailed Description

In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies and extensive practices to provide technical solutions of the present invention. The technical solution, its implementation and principles, etc. will be further explained as follows.

The embodiment of the invention provides a tubular fluid flowing salt-free crystallization photo-thermal seawater desalination device and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the water-absorbing and water-discharging device comprises a photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism, a first water absorbing mechanism and a first water discharging mechanism, wherein the photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism comprises a light absorbing shell layer and a water absorbing core layer, the light absorbing shell layer is coated on the surface of the water absorbing core layer, the first water absorbing mechanism and the first water discharging mechanism are respectively connected with the water absorbing core layer, and therefore a water transmission channel is formed among the first water absorbing mechanism, the water absorbing core layer and the first water discharging mechanism. The first water suction mechanism is arranged in the first water storage device, and the first water discharge mechanism is arranged in the second water storage device.

In one embodiment, the surface of the light absorption shell layer is provided with a plurality of micropores.

In a specific embodiment, the diameter of the micropores is 50 to 200 μm.

In one embodiment, the micropores are spaced at 600-2400 μm apart.

In one embodiment, the photothermal interface water evaporation mechanism has a disk-like structure formed by winding in a predetermined direction.

In one embodiment, the first water intake mechanism extends into the first water storage device to contact liquid in the first water storage device, and the first water discharge mechanism extends into the second water storage device.

In a specific embodiment, the first drainage mechanism is disposed at an edge of the photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism.

In a specific embodiment, the first water absorbing mechanism is disposed at the center of the photothermal interface water evaporation mechanism, and the end of the first water draining mechanism is lower than the liquid level in the first water storage device.

In a specific embodiment, the light-absorbing shell layer comprises a photo-thermal polymer, a photo-thermal plasma material or a photo-thermal semiconductor.

In a specific embodiment, the water absorbent core layer is a flexible material.

In a specific embodiment, the water absorbent core material comprises non-woven fabric, hydrophilic foam, cotton rope or hemp rope.

In one embodiment, an adhesive layer is coated between the light-absorbing shell layer and the water-absorbing core layer.

In a specific embodiment, a preparation method based on a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination device is implemented based on the photothermal seawater desalination device, and comprises the following steps: and enabling the first water absorption mechanism to be in contact with liquid in the first water storage device, enabling the first drainage mechanism to be in contact with liquid in the second water storage device, and enabling the liquid level in the first water storage device to be higher than the liquid level in the second water storage device.

In the following, the technical solution, the implementation process and the principle thereof will be further explained with reference to the drawings, unless otherwise stated, the materials of the components in the embodiment of the present invention may be known to those skilled in the art, and the dimensional parameters of the components may be adjusted according to specific situations, which are not specifically limited herein.

Example (b):

referring to fig. 1, a tubular fluid flow salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination device includes: the water-absorbing and water-discharging device comprises a photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism, a first water absorbing mechanism and a first water discharging mechanism, wherein the photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism comprises a light absorbing shell layer and a water absorbing core layer, the light absorbing shell layer is coated on the surface of the water absorbing core layer, the first water absorbing mechanism and the first water discharging mechanism are respectively connected with the water absorbing core layer, and therefore a water transmission channel is formed among the first water absorbing mechanism, the water absorbing core layer and the first water discharging mechanism. The first water suction mechanism is arranged in the first water storage device, and the first water discharge mechanism is arranged in the second water storage device.

Specifically, the first water absorption mechanism is a tubular water absorption structure, the second water absorption structure is a tubular water drainage structure, and the light-heat interface water evaporation mechanism is a spiral disc-shaped light-heat interface water evaporation structure.

Specifically, the fluid flow condition of the existing planar fluid structure photothermal evaporator is analyzed, and it is found that when the fluid flows in the planar structure, the fluid is easily affected by additional viscous force and local resistance due to unevenness of the planar structure, and further the surface flow is not uniform, so that there is a risk of crystallization. Once constructed into a tubular structure, the fluid flow will proceed in a more uniform manner due to the constraint of the tubular structure. The advantages are that:

1. the advantage of crystallization-free evaporation can be realized in the process of seawater desalination;

2. the spiral disc-shaped photo-thermal structure has the advantage of increasing the photo-thermal area;

3. the tubular water storage structure increases the stability of water flow, so that salt crystallization in the seawater desalination process is easier to control.

For example: in fig. 2, the liquid inside the first container 1 is higher than the liquid inside the second container 2, for example, the liquid is seawater or other liquid containing salt, the arrows in fig. 2 indicate the flow direction of seawater, the first water absorbing mechanism 4 is in contact with seawater inside the first container 1, the first water absorbing mechanism 4 absorbs seawater inside the first container 1 into the photothermal interface water evaporation mechanism 3 for evaporation, since the photothermal interface water evaporation mechanism 3 is in a disk shape, the photothermal absorption capacity can be increased, and the circular shape conforms to the shape of free diffusion of water, the liquid at the outermost circle can have the highest salt content, and is lower than the saturation concentration of brine until being discharged, so that salt crystallization cannot be generated.

Specifically, the photo-thermal seawater desalination device prepared by the invention utilizes the potential energy difference of the liquid level, leads the liquid to flow, evaporates through the photo-thermal layer, and is discharged before the liquid is evaporated to the saturated concentration, so that the aim of completely avoiding salt crystallization is fulfilled, and the durability of the device is improved.

Through testing, the device prepared by the invention can reach 1 sunlight intensity (100 mW/cm)^-2) In 3.5 wt% saline, the continuous operation is more than 600 hours, salt crystallization is not generated, and the evaporation rate of the device reaches 1.64kgm due to only a small part of absorbent cotton threads in direct contact with water^-2h^-1Higher evaporation rates are achieved while achieving no crystallization.

In this embodiment, the surface of the light absorption shell layer is provided with a plurality of micropores.

Specifically, the surface of the absorption shell layer is provided with a plurality of micropores in order to increase the water permeability of the film material.

Specifically, the carbon nanotube film is used as a light absorption shell layer, a commercial water absorption cotton thread is used as a water absorption core layer, the carbon nanotube film is punched, the purpose of punching is to enhance the water transmission capability of the device after winding, 15 wt% of polyvinyl alcohol solution can be coated on one surface of the punched film to serve as a bonding layer, so that the film is more easily attached to the water absorption cotton thread, and the hydrophilicity of the carbon nanotube film is enhanced.

In this embodiment, the diameter of the micropores is 50 to 200 μm.

In this embodiment, the spacing between the micropores is 600-2400 μm.

Specifically, the light absorption shell layer is perforated, so that the water transmission capacity of the device is increased, and the water transmission capacity of the device can be easily adjusted by adjusting the interval between the aperture and the hole.

In this embodiment, the light-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism has a disk-like structure formed by winding in a predetermined direction.

Referring to fig. 4, in 3.5 wt% brine, after 24h of sunlight intensity irradiation, experimental data graphs under different pore diameters are selected, the same pore spacing is selected because the purpose of changing the pore spacing is the same as the purpose of changing the pore size, and the purpose of changing the water permeability of the membrane material, for comparison, the pore spacing of the sample is set to 1200 μm, only the pore size is changed, and the selected pore spacing is 1200 μm, so the sample is only shown as non-porous, 50 μm, 100 μm and 200 μm, and according to the change of the evaporation rate, when the pore area is small or no hole is formed, because salt crystals are generated on the surface of the device, the evaporation rate is gradually reduced, which is caused by insufficient water transport capacity, the brine reaches the saturation concentration and generates salt crystals before being discharged, and the photo-thermal surface is shielded. Therefore, when the interval is 1200. mu.m, the diameter of the micropores is preferably 100. mu.m.

Referring to fig. 5, a schematic plan view of several seawater desalination plants with different pore diameters after being irradiated by sunlight for 24 hours in 3.5 wt% brine, it can be seen that samples without pores and with pores of 50 μm generate salt crystals after 24 hours, and further it is confirmed that too small pore area causes salt crystal blockage and significantly reduces evaporation rate.

Referring to fig. 6, it can be seen that the pore area is not too large, which results in too high water transport capacity, and too high water flow rate results in too much heat loss, which decreases the evaporation rate when the pore size is larger or the pore density is smaller.

Referring to fig. 7, which shows the change of the evaporation rate under continuous illumination for 200h, it can be seen that there is no significant fluctuation in 200h, and the stability was still maintained for 600h, during which no visible salt particles were generated on the sample.

In this embodiment, the first water suction mechanism extends into the first water storage device to contact with the liquid in the first water storage device, and the first water discharge mechanism extends into the second water storage device.

The light and heat interface water evaporation mechanism 3 discharges liquid with salt content from the center outwards, so that the salt content of the liquid at the edge of the light and heat interface water evaporation mechanism 3 is higher than that of the liquid at the center of the light and heat interface water evaporation mechanism 3.

In this embodiment, the first drainage mechanism is disposed at the edge of the photo-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism.

Specifically, a plurality of drainage mechanisms such as a first drainage mechanism and a second drainage mechanism may be provided at the edge of the photothermal interface water evaporation mechanism.

In this embodiment, the first water suction mechanism is disposed at the center of the light-thermal interface water evaporation mechanism, and the end of the first water drainage mechanism is lower than the liquid level in the first water storage device.

Specifically, a plurality of water absorbing mechanisms such as a first water absorbing mechanism and a second water absorbing mechanism may be provided at the center of the photothermal interface water evaporation mechanism.

In this embodiment, the light-absorbing shell layer includes a photo-thermal polymer, a photo-thermal plasma material, or a photo-thermal semiconductor.

Specifically, the photothermal material may be a carbon material, a photothermal polymer, a photothermal plasma material, or a photothermal semiconductor.

Specific carbon materials may be graphene, graphene oxide, biomass-derived amorphous carbon, graphite, carbon black, and the like.

The photo-thermal polymer may be polypyrrole (PPy), Polyaniline (PANI), etc.

The specific photo-thermal plasma material can be various metal nanoparticles and the like.

The photo-thermal semiconductor may be hydrogenated black titanium dioxide, Ti₂O₃Nanoparticles, Fe₃O₄And the like.

These materials may be in the form of fibers, films, sponges, and the like.

In this embodiment, the water absorbent core layer is made of a flexible material.

In this embodiment, the material of the water absorbent core layer includes non-woven fabric, hydrophilic foam, cotton rope or hemp rope.

In this embodiment, a bonding layer is coated between the light-absorbing shell layer and the water-absorbing core layer to enhance the hydrophilicity of the photothermal material.

Specifically, an adhesive layer may be used or not, and the adhesive layer used may be: polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and the like; different flexible water-absorbing materials (non-woven, hydrophilic foam, cotton rope, hemp rope).

A preparation method of a salt-free crystallization photothermal seawater desalination device based on tubular fluid flow is implemented based on the photothermal seawater desalination device, and comprises the following steps:

and enabling the first water absorption mechanism to be in contact with liquid in the first water storage device, enabling the first drainage mechanism to be in contact with liquid in the second water storage device, and enabling the liquid level in the first water storage device to be higher than the liquid level in the second water storage device.

It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, which are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.