阅读说明：本技术 一种超低功耗的电压微分电路 (Voltage differential circuit with ultra-low power consumption ) 是由 周泽坤 彭栎郴 龚州 王佳文 王卓 张波 于 2021-09-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于电子电路技术领域,具体涉及一种超低功耗的电压微分电路。本发明的电路克服了传统的微分电路功耗高,误差大的缺点。该微分器可以在超低功耗下实现对三角波信号的微分,这种电路结构相当于直接求出了V-(IN)对时间进行求导后的绝对值,比起利用运算放大器形成的微分运算电路更符合设计要求,且电路比较简单易于实现,无需考虑稳定性方面,适用的输入信号频率更为宽泛。(The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic circuits, and particularly relates to an ultralow-power-consumption voltage differential circuit. The circuit of the invention overcomes the defects of high power consumption and large error of the traditional differential circuit. The differentiator can realize the differentiation of the triangular wave signal under the ultra-low power consumption, and the circuit structure is equivalent to directly calculating V IN Compared with a differential operation circuit formed by using an operational amplifier, the absolute value after time derivation meets the design requirement, the circuit is simple and easy to realize, the stability is not required to be considered, and the applicable input signal frequency is wider.)

1. A voltage differential circuit with ultra-low power consumption is characterized by comprising a capacitor, a first bias current source I1, a second bias current source I2, a first PMOS (P-channel metal oxide semiconductor) tube MP1, a second PMOS tube MP2, a third PMOS tube MP3, a fourth PMOS tube MP4, a fifth PMOS tube MP5, a sixth PMOS tube MP6, a seventh PMOS tube MP7, an eighth PMOS tube MP8, a first NMOS tube MN1, a second NMOS tube MN2, a third NMOS tube MN3 and a fourth NMOS tube MN 4; the external input is connected with one end of a capacitor, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the input end of a first bias current source I1, the drain and the gate of a fourth PMOS tube MP4 and the gate of a third PMOS tube MP3, and the output end of the first bias current source I1 is grounded; the source electrode of the second PMOS tube MP2 is connected with the power supply, the grid electrode and the drain electrode are interconnected, and the drain electrode is connected with the source electrode of the fourth PMOS tube MP 4; the source electrode of the first PMOS tube MP1 is connected with a power supply, the grid electrode of the first PMOS tube MP1 is connected with the drain electrode of the second PMOS tube MP2, and the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube MP is connected with the source electrode of the third PMOS tube MP 3; the drain of the third PMOS transistor MP3 is connected to the input terminal of the second bias current source I2, the drain and gate of the third NMOS transistor MN3, and the gate of the fourth NMOS transistor MN4, and the output terminal of the second bias current source I2 is grounded; the source electrode of the third NMOS transistor MN3 is connected with the drain electrode of the first NMOS transistor MN1, the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the first NMOS transistor MN1 are interconnected, and the source electrode is grounded; the grid electrode of the second NMOS transistor MN2 is connected with the source electrode of the third NMOS transistor, the drain electrode of the second NMOS transistor MN2 is connected with the source electrode of the fourth NMOS transistor MN4, and the source electrode of the second NMOS transistor MN2 is grounded; the drain of the fourth NMOS transistor MN4 is connected to the drain of the eighth PMOS transistor MP 8; the gate and the drain of the eighth PMOS transistor MP8 are interconnected, and the source thereof is connected to the drain of the sixth PMOS transistor MP 6; the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the sixth PMOS pipe MP6 are interconnected, and the source electrode of the sixth PMOS pipe MP6 is connected with the power supply; the source electrode of the fifth PMOS tube MP5 is connected with the power supply, and the grid electrode of the fifth PMOS tube MP5 is connected with the drain electrode of the sixth PMOS tube MP 6; the source of the seventh PMOS transistor MP7 is connected to the drain of the fifth PMOS transistor MP5, the gate of the seventh PMOS transistor MP7 is connected to the drain of the eighth PMOS transistor MP8, and the drain of the seventh PMOS transistor MP7 is the output terminal of the voltage differentiating circuit.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic circuits, and particularly relates to an ultralow-power-consumption voltage differential circuit.

Background

According to the development route of international semiconductor technology and the recent progress of integrated circuits, the internet of things intelligent node, including wearable devices, wireless communication and implantable sensors are more and more common. The intelligent nodes are generally formed by system integrated chips, and comprise a power management module, an energy source, a signal processing module, a communication module, a sensor and the like. For the chip, high efficiency, small size and low cost are the continuously pursued targets, so that a fully integrated, self-adaptive and low-cost power management circuit is a crucial loop in the application of the intelligent nodes of the internet of things. And the energy collection system can collect external energy for system power supply, thereby avoiding operations such as battery replacement, being beneficial to green, reducing labor cost, avoiding utilizing the battery, and being beneficial to the miniaturization development of the system. The use of energy harvesting circuits in such systems is therefore receiving increasing attention.

Common energy sources are heat sources, piezoelectric vibration sources, photovoltaic sources, and radio frequency energy. Among the above energy sources, the piezoelectric vibration source has a high energy density and is widely used in domestic or industrial environments; the power density of the self-contained oscillation source in the environment can reach dozens of milliwatts to hundreds of milliwatts per cubic centimeter, which is enough for supplying power for modules such as intelligent nodes of the Internet of things, and the self-contained oscillation source is a better choice. In addition, the key technology of the energy acquisition circuit lies in how to realize maximum power point tracking, namely how to ensure that the acquired energy can supply power to the load to the greatest extent so as to improve the energy efficiency, and the essence of the energy acquisition circuit is to perform impedance matching so as to realize maximum power point tracking. Common maximum power point tracking methods include an open-circuit voltage method, a climbing method, a disturbance observation method, a landslide control method, a ripple correlation method and an incremental conductance method. Based on the ripple correlation method, it is necessary to obtain information derived from the input voltage to determine whether the output power is the maximum value.

A conventional passive differential circuit, as shown in fig. 1, is more suitable for derivation of input signals with fast changes, such as square waves, otherwise it introduces large errors, and is not suitable for the energy harvesting application scenario; in addition, the introduction of the operational amplifier inevitably causes waste of power consumption, and in an energy acquisition system, the output power is greatly reduced, so that the two traditional differential circuits are limited by precision and power consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an ultra-low power consumption voltage differential circuit, which avoids processing the output signal while ensuring the output accuracy, thereby reducing the complexity of the circuit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

an ultra-low power consumption voltage differential circuit is shown in fig. 3, and includes a capacitor, a first bias current source I1, a second bias current source I2, a first PMOS transistor MP1, a second PMOS transistor MP2, a third PMOS transistor MP3, a fourth PMOS transistor MP4, a fifth PMOS transistor MP5, a sixth PMOS transistor MP6, a seventh PMOS transistor MP7, an eighth PMOS transistor MP8, a first NMOS transistor MN1, a second NMOS transistor MN2, a third NMOS transistor MN3, and a fourth NMOS transistor MN 4; the external input is connected with one end of a capacitor, the other end of the capacitor is connected with the input end of a first bias current source I1, the drain and the gate of a fourth PMOS tube MP4 and the gate of a third PMOS tube MP3, and the output end of the first bias current source I1 is grounded; the source electrode of the second PMOS tube MP2 is connected with the power supply, the grid electrode and the drain electrode are interconnected, and the drain electrode is connected with the source electrode of the fourth PMOS tube MP 4; the source electrode of the first PMOS tube MP1 is connected with a power supply, the grid electrode of the first PMOS tube MP1 is connected with the drain electrode of the second PMOS tube MP2, and the drain electrode of the first PMOS tube MP is connected with the source electrode of the third PMOS tube MP 3; the drain of the third PMOS transistor MP3 is connected to the input terminal of the second bias current source I2, the drain and gate of the third NMOS transistor MN3, and the gate of the fourth NMOS transistor MN4, and the output terminal of the second bias current source I2 is grounded; the source electrode of the third NMOS transistor MN3 is connected with the drain electrode of the first NMOS transistor MN1, the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the first NMOS transistor MN1 are interconnected, and the source electrode is grounded; the grid electrode of the second NMOS transistor MN2 is connected with the source electrode of the third NMOS transistor, the drain electrode of the second NMOS transistor MN2 is connected with the source electrode of the fourth NMOS transistor MN4, and the source electrode of the second NMOS transistor MN2 is grounded; the drain of the fourth NMOS transistor MN4 is connected to the drain of the eighth PMOS transistor MP 8; the gate and the drain of the eighth PMOS transistor MP8 are interconnected, and the source thereof is connected to the drain of the sixth PMOS transistor MP 6; the grid electrode and the drain electrode of the sixth PMOS pipe MP6 are interconnected, and the source electrode of the sixth PMOS pipe MP6 is connected with the power supply; the source electrode of the fifth PMOS tube MP5 is connected with the power supply, and the grid electrode of the fifth PMOS tube MP5 is connected with the drain electrode of the sixth PMOS tube MP 6; the source of the seventh PMOS transistor MP7 is connected to the drain of the fifth PMOS transistor MP5, the gate of the seventh PMOS transistor MP7 is connected to the drain of the eighth PMOS transistor MP8, and the drain of the seventh PMOS transistor MP7 is the output terminal of the voltage differentiating circuit.

The differential circuit has the beneficial effects that the defects of high power consumption and large error of the traditional differential circuit are overcome. The differentiator can realize the differentiation of the triangular wave signal under the ultra-low power consumption, and the circuit structure is equivalent to directly calculating V_INCompared with a differential operation circuit formed by using an operational amplifier, the absolute value after time derivation meets the design requirement, the circuit is simple and easy to realize, the stability is not required to be considered, and the applicable input signal frequency is wider.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a conventional passive differentiating circuit.

Fig. 2 shows a differential circuit formed by a conventional operational amplifier.

Fig. 3 shows a differentiating circuit according to the invention.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

a conventional differentiating circuit is shown in fig. 1. In order to realize an ideal differentiator effect, the high pass frequency point needs to be far higher than the frequency of the input signal change, otherwise, the output signal is distorted, and even the function of the differentiator cannot be normally realized. Therefore, the resistance and capacitance are relatively small. In the energy harvesting application, the input voltage changes slowly, namely the input voltage has a small time derivative, so that the output signal of the differential is too small due to the small resistance and capacitance, and the subsequent signal processing circuit is difficult to process, so that the application scene of the passive differentiator is limited, and the passive differentiator can only be used in the scene of rapid change of the input signal.

Fig. 2 shows a differential circuit constructed by an operational amplifier, in which the values of the resistance and the capacitance are more relaxed than those of the structure of fig. 1, so that the amplitude of the output signal can be made large. However, in the process of input signal change, the speed of output change is limited by the bandwidth and slew rate of the operational amplifier, and therefore, extra power consumption is consumed to ensure that the differential voltage can be output normally. In addition, since an active differential circuit is adopted, the operational amplifier needs to be ensured to be in a normal working state in the differential process, otherwise, the operational amplifier can be degraded into a passive differentiator, and therefore, the common mode level of the output needs to be reasonably designed. In this application, the negative differential of the input voltage needs to be detected, so that the common mode level of the output voltage needs to be ensured to be high enough to avoid the failure of the operational amplifier. However, in this application, the subsequent circuits need to process pure negative differential voltage and are not expected to be superimposed on the common mode signal, which also results in additional circuits being required to process the output voltage, increasing power consumption and circuit complexity. In addition, the differential circuit formed by the operational amplifier needs to ensure the stability of the closed-loop system, which also increases the time cost of the system design.

The present invention addresses the above limitations by proposing the differentiation circuit of fig. 3. An input signal of the current amplifier is subjected to active high-pass filtering formed by a capacitor C1, a second PMOS tube MP2 and a fourth PMOS tube MP4, then the input voltage is converted into current, and the current is superposed with a first bias current I1 and then is subjected to a cascode current mirror image formed by a first PMOS tube MP1 and a third PMOS tube MP 3. And then, the difference is made between the sum of differential current and the first bias current I1 and the current of the second bias current I2 through a current subtractor consisting of a first PMOS tube MP1, a third PMOS tube MP3, a second bias current I2, a third NMOS tube MN3 and a first NMOS tube MN1, the differential current flows into the third NMOS tube MN3 and the first NMOS tube MN1, and the current passes through a cascode current mirror image consisting of a second NMOS tube MN2 and a fourth NMOS tube MN4, so that an output current Iout can be obtained. In the invention, by designing the magnitudes of the first bias current I1 and the second bias current I2 and making the first bias current I1 equal to the second bias current I2, the current flowing through the third NMOS transistor MN3 and the first NMOS transistor MN1 can be a clean differential current for subsequent circuit processing, thereby realizing maximum power point tracking.

In summary, the differentiator provided by the present invention has very low power consumption, does not need an additional common mode voltage cancellation circuit, has the characteristics of ultra-low power consumption and higher precision, and can be suitable for the maximum power point tracking application of the ripple correlation method.