阅读说明：本技术 一种十字轴压装类组件销轴孔系加工定位装夹装置和方法 (Positioning and clamping device and method for processing pin shaft hole system of cross shaft press-fitting assembly ) 是由 刘晓静 田源 郭江勇 赵宏伟 肖笛 于 2021-08-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种十字轴压装类组件销轴孔系加工定位装夹装置和方法,属于机械加工技术领域。该装置包括钢基体、铜套和芯轴。对十字轴压装类组件铜套的内孔进行加工时,机床三爪夹盘夹紧底座的装夹柱,压堵拧入底座的压紧螺孔,待加工十字轴压装类组件位于底座上方的圆柱形凹槽内,钢基体的基准轴A位于定位槽内,铜套一端嵌入底座的定位孔内；压盖套在底座上,使得铜套的另一端从压盖的空位孔露出,供机床加工,压盖压紧孔与底座的压紧长圆孔对齐,压轴分别穿过压盖的压紧孔和底座的压紧长圆孔,旋拧压堵,带动压轴,将压盖紧固于底座,同时,压盖的排屑孔与底座的排屑孔对齐。(The invention provides a device and a method for machining, positioning and clamping pin holes of a cross shaft press-fitting assembly, and belongs to the technical field of machining. The device comprises a steel base body, a copper sleeve and a mandrel. When an inner hole of a copper sleeve of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly is machined, a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool clamps a clamping column of a base, a press plug is screwed into a pressing screw hole of the base, the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined is positioned in a cylindrical groove above the base, a reference shaft A of a steel matrix is positioned in a positioning groove, and one end of the copper sleeve is embedded into the positioning hole of the base; the gland is sleeved on the base, so that the other end of the copper sleeve is exposed from a vacant hole of the gland for machining of a machine tool, a compaction hole of the gland is aligned with a compaction long round hole of the base, the pressing shaft penetrates through the compaction hole of the gland and the compaction long round hole of the base respectively, the plug is screwed and pressed, the pressing shaft is driven to fasten the gland on the base, and meanwhile, a chip removal hole of the gland is aligned with a chip removal hole of the base.)

1. A cross shaft press-fitting assembly pin shaft hole system machining, positioning and clamping device comprises a steel base body (01) and a copper sleeve (02), wherein the copper sleeve (02) is of a T-shaped cylindrical structure in appearance, is internally of a cylindrical through hole structure and is embedded in a through hole of the steel base body (01), the central axis of the copper sleeve (02) is superposed with the central axis of the through hole of the steel base body (01), the steel base body (01) is provided with a reference shaft A protruding outwards in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the through hole, the axis of the reference shaft A is perpendicular to the central axis of the copper sleeve (02), two ends of the reference shaft A protruding outwards are of a cylindrical structure, one end face of the through hole of the steel base body (01) is marked as a B face, the other end face is marked as a C face, the large end face of the copper sleeve (02) is marked as a D face, and the small end face is marked as an E face; the inner hole and the end faces at two ends of a cross shaft press-fitting type component copper sleeve (02) to be processed are both left with allowance, and the cross shaft press-fitting type component copper sleeve processing device is characterized in that: the positioning and clamping device comprises a base (1), a gland (2), a pressing shaft (3) and a pressing plug (4);

the base (1) comprises a positioning hole (101), a positioning groove (102), a clamping column (103), an alignment circle (104), a pressing long round hole (105), a pressing screw hole (106) and a chip removal hole (107); the clamping column (103) is positioned at the bottom of the aligning circle (104) and is coaxially connected with the aligning circle (104) to form a T-shaped cylindrical structure; the upper end of the aligning circle (104) is provided with a cylindrical groove, two stages of T-shaped cylindrical stepped holes are formed downwards from the center of the groove, the first stage is a positioning hole (101) and the second stage is a pressing screw hole (106) from top to bottom; the pressing long round hole (105) penetrates through the aligning circle (104) from the side surface, the axis of the pressing long round hole (105) is vertical to the axis of the aligning circle (104), and the inside of the aligning circle (104) is intersected and communicated with the bottom of the pressing screw hole (106); the chip removal hole (107) is positioned above the pressing long round hole (105), penetrates through the aligning circle (104) from the side surface along the direction vertical to the axis of the pressing long round hole (105) and the axis of the aligning circle (104), and is intersected and communicated with the bottom of the pressing screw hole (106) in the aligning circle (104); the positioning groove (102) is a pair of U-shaped notches which are positioned on two sides of the cylindrical groove of the aligning circle (104), and the central connecting line of the bottoms of the U-shaped notches is vertical to and intersected with the axis of the aligning circle (104);

the gland (2) is of a cylindrical structure with a cover, the lower end of the gland is a cylindrical opening, a position hole (204) is formed in the center of the upper end cover plate, so that an annular pressing surface (201) is formed on the periphery of the upper end cover plate, holes perpendicular to the axis are formed in the symmetrical parts of the two side faces and marked as pressing holes (202), and chip removal holes (203) are formed in the side faces which are perpendicular to the connecting line of the two pressing holes (202) and are staggered by a certain distance;

when an inner hole of a copper sleeve (02) of a cross shaft press-fitting assembly is machined, a clamping column (103) of a base (1) is clamped by a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool, a press plug (4) is screwed into a pressing screw hole (106) of the base (1), the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined is positioned in a cylindrical groove above the base (1), two ends of a reference shaft A of a steel base body (01) are positioned in positioning grooves (102), and one end of the copper sleeve (02) is embedded into a positioning hole (101) of the base; the gland (2) is sleeved on the base (1), so that the other end of the copper sleeve (02) is exposed from a vacancy hole (204) of the gland (2) and is used for machining a machine tool, a pressing hole (202) of the gland (2) is aligned with a pressing long round hole (105) of the base (1), the pressing shaft (3) penetrates through the pressing hole (202) of the gland (2) and the pressing long round hole (105) of the base (1), the pressing plug (4) is screwed to drive the pressing shaft (3), the gland (2) is fastened on the base (1), and meanwhile, a chip removal hole (203) of the gland (2) is aligned with a chip removal hole (107) of the base (1).

2. The device for machining, positioning and clamping the pin hole system of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising a mandrel (5);

the mandrel (5) is a T-shaped cylindrical block, the large end of the mandrel is a positioning large circle (501), the small end of the mandrel is a positioning small circle (502), the large end and the small end are coaxial, and a yielding screw hole (503) is formed in the central shaft; the large end positioning circle (501) is used for being placed in a positioning hole (101) of the base (1), and the small end positioning circle (502) is used for positioning a hole structure placed on the large end positioning circle; the abdicating screw hole (503) is used for mounting the mandrel (5) on one hand, and is convenient for a tool to pass through the mandrel (5) to operate the press plug (4) in the pressing screw hole (106) on the other hand;

when the end faces of two ends of a copper sleeve (02) of a cross shaft press-fitting assembly are machined, a clamping column (103) of a base (1) is clamped by a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool, a press plug (4) is screwed into a press screw hole (106) of the base (1), the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined is positioned in a cylindrical groove above the base (1), two ends of a reference shaft A of a steel substrate (01) are positioned in positioning grooves (102), a positioning large circle (501) of a mandrel (5) is arranged in a positioning hole (101) of the base (1), and an inner hole of the copper sleeve (02) of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly is arranged in a positioning small circle (502) of the mandrel (5) in a clearance fit manner; the gland (2) is sleeved on the base (1), so that the other end of the copper sleeve (02) is exposed from a vacancy hole (204) of the gland (2) and is used for machining a machine tool, a pressing hole (202) of the gland (2) is aligned with a pressing long round hole (105) of the base, the pressing shaft (3) penetrates through the pressing hole (202) of the gland (2) and the pressing long round hole (105) of the base (1) respectively, the pressing plug (4) is screwed, the pressing shaft (3) is driven, the gland (2) is fastened on the base (1), and meanwhile, a chip removal hole (203) of the gland (2) is aligned with a chip removal hole (107) of the base (1).

3. The machining, positioning and clamping device for the pin hole system of the cross press-fitting assembly according to any one of claims 2, is characterized in that the hole diameter of the positioning hole (101) of the base (1) is in clearance fit with the outer circle of the small end of the copper sleeve (02) and the positioning large circle (501) of the mandrel (5) so as to ensure the centering of the cross press-fitting assembly.

4. The machining, positioning and clamping device for the pin hole system of the cross shaft press-fitting type component as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the distance between the bottom end surface of the positioning slot (102) and the inlet end surface of the positioning hole (101) is [ (L1- Φ a)/2] + 0.05- (L1- Φ a)/2] +0.1] so as to ensure that when the reference axis a of the steel substrate (01) contacts with the bottom end surface of the positioning slot (102), a gap exists between the B surface or the C surface of the steel substrate (01) and the inlet end surface of the positioning hole (101) and no over positioning occurs, wherein L1 is the maximum distance dimension L1 between the B surface and the C surface of the steel substrate (01), and Φ a is the diameter of the outer circle of the reference axis a of the steel substrate (01).

5. The cross shaft press-fitting assembly pin hole system machining, positioning and clamping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the width dimension of the positioning groove (102) is larger than the outer circle diameter Φ a of the reference shaft A of the steel base (01), and the positioning groove is in clearance fit with the reference shaft A of the steel base (01) to compensate for the axial misalignment of the workpiece caused by the axial line of the copper sleeve (02) and the reference shaft A of the steel base (01).

6. The cross shaft press fitting assembly pin hole system machining, positioning and clamping device is characterized in that the coaxiality error of the clamping column (103), the aligning circle (104) and the positioning hole (101) is not more than phi 0.005mm, so that the centering of the positioning hole (101) after the base (1) is clamped on a machine tool is guaranteed.

7. The processing, positioning and clamping device for the pin hole system of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein the press shaft (3) comprises a limiting column (301) and a limiting groove (302);

the distance between the end surface of the limiting column (301) and the center of the limiting groove (302) is phi g/2, when the end surface of the limiting column (301) is in contact with the outer circle of the gland (2) with the diameter of phi g, the center of the limiting groove (302) is overlapped with the axis of the positioning hole (101) of the base (1), and the press plug (4) can be smoothly pressed into the limiting groove (302);

the width of the limiting groove (302) is provided with allowance on the basis of the outer diameter Ma of the pressing plug (4), so that the pressing plug (4) can be smoothly pressed into the limiting groove (302).

8. The cross press-fitting assembly pin hole system machining, positioning and clamping device is characterized in that the positioning large circle (501) is in clearance fit with the base positioning hole (101) to ensure the centering of the cross press-fitting assembly.

9. The method for machining, positioning and clamping the pin hole system of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly according to the device of claim 1, wherein the method for machining and clamping the chamfer angles of the surface B, the inner hole of the copper sleeve and the inner hole at the end of the surface B of a steel substrate (01) of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined comprises the following steps:

s1.1, adopting a clamping column (103) of a three-jaw clamping base (1) of a machine tool to draw a table and align an alignment circle (104) of the base (1);

s1.2, screwing the pressing plug (4) into a pressing screw hole (106) of the base (1) to ensure that the pressing shaft (3) can be smoothly arranged in a pressing long round hole (105) of the base (1);

s1.3, a copper sleeve (02) of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed is arranged in a positioning hole (101) of the base (1), and centering of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly is achieved;

s1.4, installing two ends of a reference shaft A of a steel base body (01) of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed into positioning grooves (102) of the base (1), and attaching the two ends of the reference shaft A to bottom end surfaces of the positioning grooves (102) to realize orientation of a workpiece;

s1.5, sleeving a gland (2) so that a pressing surface (201) of the gland (2) is attached to the outer circles of two ends of a datum A of a cross shaft press-mounting type assembly steel base body (01) to be processed;

s1.6, respectively penetrating the pressing shaft (3) through a pressing hole (202) of the gland (2) and a pressing long round hole (105) of the base (1) to enable the end face of a limiting column (301) of the pressing shaft (3) to be attached to the outer circle of the gland (2);

s1.7, screwing the pressing plug (4) into a limiting groove (302) of the pressing shaft (3) until no displacement exists in screwing, so that the pressing plug (4) drives the pressing shaft (3) and the pressing cover (2) to fasten the cross shaft press-fitting assembly.

10. The method for machining, positioning and clamping the pin hole system of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly according to the device of claim 2, which is characterized by comprising a method for machining and clamping inner holes of the C surface and the C surface end of a steel base body (01) of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined, and comprises the following specific steps of:

s2.1, fitting the positioning great circle (501) of the mandrel (5) into the positioning hole (101) of the base (1) in a clearance fit manner;

s2.2, an inner hole of the workpiece copper sleeve (02) is arranged into a small positioning circle (502) of the mandrel (5) in a clearance fit mode, and centering of the workpiece is achieved;

s2.3, installing the reference A excircle of the workpiece steel substrate (01) into a positioning groove (102) of the base (1), and attaching the reference A excircle to the bottom end face of the positioning groove (102) to realize the orientation of the workpiece;

s2.4, sleeving the gland (2) so that a pressing surface (201) of the gland (2) is attached to the outer circles of the two ends of a reference shaft A of the workpiece steel base body (01);

s2.5, the pressing shaft (3) penetrates through a pressing hole (202) of the gland (2) and a pressing long round hole (105) of the base (1) respectively, and the end face of a limiting column (301) of the pressing shaft (3) is attached to the outer circle of the gland (2);

s2.6, screwing the pressing plug (4) into the limiting groove (302) of the pressing shaft (3) until no displacement exists in screwing, so that the pressing plug (4) drives the pressing shaft (3) and the pressing cover (2) to fasten the cross shaft press-fitting assembly.

Technical Field

The invention discloses a quick positioning and clamping device for turning a high-precision pin shaft hole system on a special-shaped structure press-fitting assembly, and belongs to the technical field of machining.

Background

In most electromechanical series products at present, the structural characteristics and the precision requirement of each electromechanical actuator cross axle assembly are basically the same, and the structural characteristics are as follows: a steel substrate is embedded with a copper bush structure and a special-shaped and high-precision pin shaft hole system; the processing difficulties are as follows: the special shape causes difficult clamping, the appearance of a workpiece is mainly clamped by four claws, and after one part is aligned, the pin shaft hole system is turned. Each workpiece needs to be clamped twice before being processed, namely, two alignment processes are needed, the alignment process is complicated, time-consuming and labor-consuming, the requirement on the skill level of an operator is high, and the product quality stability is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the device and the method overcome the defects of the prior art, realize automatic centering and orientation during workpiece clamping, avoid one-to-one alignment and really realize high-quality, high-efficiency and low-labor-intensity turning of the cross shaft assembly pin shaft hole system of the electromechanical actuator.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a cross shaft press-fitting assembly pin shaft hole system machining, positioning and clamping device comprises a steel base body and a copper sleeve, wherein the copper sleeve is of a T-shaped cylindrical structure, the inner part of the copper sleeve is of a cylindrical through hole structure and is embedded in a through hole of the steel base body, the central axis of the copper sleeve is superposed with the central axis of the through hole of the steel base body, a reference shaft A protruding outwards is arranged on the steel base body in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the through hole, the axis of the reference shaft A is perpendicular to the central axis of the copper sleeve, two ends of the reference shaft A protruding outwards are of a cylindrical structure, the end face of one end of the through hole of the steel base body is marked as a B face, the end face of the other end of the through hole of the steel base body is marked as a C face, the end face of the large end of the copper sleeve is marked as a D face, and the end face of the small end of the copper sleeve is marked as an E face; the inner hole and the end faces at two ends of the copper sleeve of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed are both left with allowance, and the cross shaft press-fitting assembly is characterized in that: the positioning and clamping device comprises a base, a gland, a pressing shaft and a pressing plug;

the base comprises a positioning hole, a positioning groove, a clamping column, a centering circle, a pressing long round hole, a pressing screw hole and a chip removal hole; the clamping column is positioned at the bottom of the aligning circle and coaxially connected with the aligning circle to form a T-shaped cylindrical structure, a cylindrical groove is formed in the upper end of the aligning circle, two stages of T-shaped cylindrical stepped holes are formed downwards from the center of the groove, and from top to bottom, the first stage is a positioning hole and the second stage is a pressing screw hole; the pressing long round hole penetrates through the aligning circle from the side surface, the axis of the pressing long round hole (105) is vertical to the axis of the aligning circle, and the inside of the aligning circle is intersected and communicated with the bottom of the pressing screw hole; the chip removal hole is positioned above the pressing long round hole, penetrates through the aligning circle from the side surface along the direction vertical to the axis of the pressing long round hole and the axis of the aligning circle, and is intersected and communicated with the bottom of the pressing screw hole in the aligning circle; the positioning groove is a pair of U-shaped notches which are positioned at two sides of the upper edge of the cylindrical groove of the alignment circle, and the central connecting line of the bottoms of the U-shaped notches is vertical to and intersected with the axis of the alignment circle;

the gland is of a cylindrical structure with a cover, the lower end of the gland is a cylindrical opening, a hole is formed in the center of the upper end cover plate, so that an annular compression surface is formed on the periphery of the upper end cover plate, holes perpendicular to the axis are formed in the symmetrical parts of the two side surfaces and marked as compression holes, and chip removal holes are formed in the side surfaces which are perpendicular to the connection line of the two compression holes and are staggered by a certain distance;

when an inner hole of a copper sleeve of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly is machined, a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool clamps a clamping column of a base, a press plug is screwed into a pressing screw hole of the base, the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined is located in a cylindrical groove above the base, two ends of a reference shaft A of a steel matrix are located in positioning grooves, and one end of the copper sleeve is embedded into the positioning hole of the base; the gland is sleeved on the base, so that the other end of the copper sleeve is exposed from a vacant hole of the gland for machining of a machine tool, a compaction hole of the gland is aligned with a compaction long round hole of the base, the pressing shaft penetrates through the compaction hole of the gland and the compaction long round hole of the base, the plug is screwed and pressed, the pressing shaft is driven to fasten the gland to the base, and meanwhile, a chip removal hole of the gland is aligned with a chip removal hole of the base.

Preferably, the cross shaft press-fitting assembly pin shaft hole system processing, positioning and clamping device further comprises a mandrel;

the mandrel is a T-shaped cylindrical block, the large end of the mandrel is a positioning large circle, the small end of the mandrel is a positioning small circle, the large end and the small end are coaxial, and a yielding screw hole is formed in the central shaft; the large end positioning big circle is used for being placed in a positioning hole of the base, and the small end positioning small circle is used for positioning a hole structure placed on the small end positioning small circle; the abdicating screw hole is used for mounting the mandrel, and a tool can conveniently penetrate through the mandrel to operate the pressing plug in the pressing screw hole;

when the end faces of two ends of a copper sleeve of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly are machined, a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool clamps a clamping column of a base, a press plug is screwed into a press screw hole of the base, the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined is located in a cylindrical groove above the base, two ends of a reference shaft A of a steel substrate are located in positioning grooves, a large positioning circle of a mandrel is arranged in a positioning hole of the base, and an inner hole of the copper sleeve of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly is arranged in a small positioning circle of the mandrel in a clearance fit mode; the gland is sleeved on the base, so that the other end of the copper sleeve is exposed from a vacant hole of the gland for machining of a machine tool, a compaction hole of the gland is aligned with a compaction long round hole of the base, the pressing shaft penetrates through the compaction hole of the gland and the compaction long round hole of the base respectively, the plug is screwed and pressed, the pressing shaft is driven to fasten the gland on the base, and meanwhile, a chip removal hole of the gland is aligned with a chip removal hole of the base.

Preferably, the hole diameter of the positioning hole of the base is in clearance fit with the outer circle of the small end of the copper sleeve and the positioning large circle of the mandrel, so that the centering of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly is ensured.

Preferably, the distance between the bottom end surface of the positioning groove and the inlet end surface of the positioning hole is [ (L1- Φ a)/2] + 0.05- (L1- Φ a)/2] +0.1], so as to ensure that when the reference axis A of the steel substrate is in contact with the bottom end surface of the positioning groove, a gap exists between the B surface or the C surface of the steel substrate and the inlet end surface of the positioning hole, and no over-positioning occurs, wherein L1 is the maximum distance size L1 between the B surface and the C surface of the steel substrate, and Φ a is the diameter of the outer circle of the reference axis A of the steel substrate.

Preferably, the width dimension of the positioning groove is larger than the outer circle diameter phi a of the reference shaft A of the steel base body, and the positioning groove is in clearance fit with the reference shaft A of the steel base body, so that the compensation of the dislocation of the axis of the copper sleeve 02 of the workpiece and the axis of the reference shaft A of the steel base body is realized.

Preferably, the coaxiality error of the clamping column, the alignment circle and the positioning hole is not more than phi 0.005mm, so that the base is ensured to be clamped in the 'centering' of the positioning hole after the base is clamped on the machine tool.

Preferably, the pressing shaft comprises a limiting column and a limiting groove;

the distance between the end surface of the limiting column and the center of the limiting groove is phi g/2, so that when the end surface of the limiting column is contacted with the excircle with the diameter of phi g of the gland, the center of the limiting groove is superposed with the axis of the positioning hole of the base, and the pressure plug can be smoothly pressed into the limiting groove;

the width dimension of the limiting groove is provided with allowance on the basis of the outer diameter Ma of the pressing plug (4), so that the pressing plug can be smoothly pressed into the limiting groove.

Preferably, the locating great circle is in clearance fit with the locating hole of the base so as to ensure the centering of the cross shaft press-fitting type assembly.

The other technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for processing, positioning and clamping pin shaft holes of a cross shaft press-fitting assembly comprises the following steps of:

s1.1, adopting a clamping column of a three-jaw clamping base of a machine tool, and performing table drawing to align an alignment circle of the base;

s1.2, screwing the pressing plug into a pressing screw hole of the base to ensure that the pressing shaft can be smoothly installed into the pressing long round hole of the base;

s1.3, mounting a copper sleeve of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed into a positioning hole of the base to realize the centering of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly;

s1.4, installing two ends of a reference shaft A of a steel base body of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed into positioning grooves of a base, and fitting the two ends of the reference shaft A with the bottom end faces of the positioning grooves (102) to realize the orientation of a workpiece;

s1.5, sleeving a gland so that a pressing surface of the gland is attached to the outer circles of two ends of a steel base A of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed;

s1.6, respectively penetrating the pressing shaft through a pressing hole of the pressing cover and a pressing long round hole of the base, and enabling the end face of the limiting column of the pressing shaft to be attached to the outer circle of the pressing cover;

s1.7, screwing and pressing the plug into a limiting groove of the pressing shaft until no displacement exists during screwing, so that the pressing plug drives the pressing shaft and the pressing cover to fasten the cross shaft press-fitting assembly.

The method for processing, positioning and clamping the pin shaft hole system of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly further comprises a method for processing and clamping inner holes of the C surface and the C surface end of a steel base body of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

s2.1, installing the positioning great circle of the mandrel into the positioning hole of the base in a clearance fit manner;

s2.2, fitting the inner hole of the copper sleeve of the workpiece into the small positioning circle of the mandrel in a clearance fit manner to realize centering of the workpiece;

s2.3, installing the outer circle of the base A of the steel substrate of the workpiece into the positioning groove of the base, and attaching the outer circle of the base A of the steel substrate of the workpiece to the bottom end face of the positioning groove (102) to realize the orientation of the workpiece;

s2.4, sleeving a gland so that a pressing surface of the gland is attached to the outer circles of the two ends of the base shaft A of the steel substrate of the workpiece;

s2.5, respectively penetrating the pressing shaft through the pressing hole of the pressing cover and the pressing long round hole of the base, and enabling the end face of the limiting column of the pressing shaft to be attached to the outer circle of the pressing cover;

and S2.6, screwing and pressing the plug into a limiting groove of the pressing shaft until no displacement exists in screwing, so that the pressing plug drives the pressing shaft and the pressing cover to fasten the cross shaft press-fitting assembly.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the base centering hole in the device can realize automatic centering of the copper sleeve of the workpiece before the first processing, thereby avoiding one-to-one alignment and greatly improving the production efficiency.

(2) The mandrel in the device can realize automatic centering of the copper sleeve of the workpiece after being arranged in the centering hole of the base, thereby finishing the processing of the drawing, avoiding one-piece alignment and greatly improving the production efficiency.

(3) The workpiece copper sleeve can be automatically leveled on the plane to be processed by the aid of the perpendicularity of the base centering hole and the bottom end face of the positioning groove, one-piece alignment is avoided, and production efficiency is greatly improved.

(4) The pressing mode when being used for processing the copper bush in this device adopts: the press plug drives the press cover to tightly press the workpiece through the press shaft, so that two parts of the workpiece can be pressedThe excircle is simultaneously stressed and is compressed in the direction vertical to the axis. Can effectively avoid uneven stress of the workpiece in the compressing process caused by the direct screwing of the gland thread, so thatDeformation of the copper sleeve of the workpiece, change of the centering position, crushing of the workpiece and the like.

(5) The base and the gland in the device are provided with radial chip removal holes, so that chips can be effectively prevented from entering a spindle hole of a machine tool and damaging the precision of the spindle of the machine tool.

(6) The limiting groove structure of the pressing shaft in the device can effectively limit the radial displacement of the pressing shaft, and safety problems such as throwing of the pressing shaft in the machining process are prevented.

(7) The hollow threaded hole structure of the mandrel in the device can realize the operation of screwing and unscrewing the pressing plug by the tool passing through the hollow threaded hole when the mandrel is convenient to mount and dismount.

(8) The device realizes automatic centering and positioning of workpieces, has good quality consistency of batch products, and reduces the skill level requirement of operators.

(9) The positioning and clamping of the device are tight and reliable, and the situations of unstable clamping and loose and off-position of workpieces can not occur in the machining process.

(10) The device can realize one-time clamping and alignment, and can process batch products, thereby greatly reducing the labor intensity of operators.

(11) The clamping mode and the design idea of the device can be suitable for turning of all the hole systems with high precision, difficult clamping and alignment, and the applicability is strong.

(12) The device can realize high-quality and high-efficiency production of low-quality and low-efficiency cross shaft assembly processing, and provides effective guarantee measures for large-batch production of products.

(13) The device is simple and easy to use and convenient to operate.

(14) The device can enable the high-precision hole series processing of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be realized by a numerical control lathe only through a common lathe.

Drawings

FIG. 1(a) is a cross-shaft assembly in cross-sectional view, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1(b) is a left side view of a cross-shaft assembly configuration in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1(c) is a perspective view of a cross-shaft assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2(a) is a cross-sectional view of the axle cross assembly of the present invention after press mounting and before turning;

FIG. 2(b) is a simplified left side view of a state of a non-turned front cross member after press fitting in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the positioning and clamping device according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4(a) is an elevation sectional view of a base structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4(b) is a left sectional view of a base structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4(c) is a top view of a base structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5(a) is a sectional elevation view of a gland structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5(b) is a left sectional view of a gland structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6(a) is a front view of a shaft pressing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6(b) is a top view of a shaft pressing structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7(a) is a cross-sectional view of a press plug according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7(b) is a top view of a press plug structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a mandrel construction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9(a) is a front sectional view of a method for machining and clamping a chamfer on the B-side, the inner hole of a copper bush and the end inner hole of the B-side of a workpiece according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9(B) is a side sectional view of a method for clamping a chamfer on the B-side, inner hole of a copper bush and the end inner hole of the B-side of a workpiece according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10(a) is a front sectional view of a workpiece C-side and C-side end inner hole chamfer machining clamping method according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 10(b) is a front sectional view of a workpiece C-side and C-side end inner hole chamfer machining clamping method according to an embodiment of the invention;

the length dimension in the above figures is in mm.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

The cross shaft press-fitting assembly comprises a steel base body 01 and a copper sleeve 02, wherein the copper sleeve 02 is of a T-shaped cylindrical structure, the interior of the copper sleeve 02 is of a cylindrical through hole structure and is embedded in a through hole of the steel base body 01, the central axis of the copper sleeve 02 is overlapped with the central axis of the through hole of the steel base body 01, a reference shaft A which protrudes outwards is arranged in the direction of the central axis of the through hole of the steel base body 01, the axis of the reference shaft A is perpendicular to the central axis of the copper sleeve 02, two ends of the reference shaft A which protrude outwards are of a cylindrical structure, the end face of one end of the through hole of the steel base body 01 is marked as a surface B, the end face of the other end of the through hole is marked as a surface C, the end face of the large end of the copper sleeve 02 is marked as a surface D, and the end face of the small end of the copper sleeve 02 is marked as a surface E; and the inner hole and the end faces at two ends of the copper sleeve 02 of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed are both provided with margins.

The invention provides a positioning and clamping device for processing pin shaft holes of a cross shaft press-fitting assembly, which comprises a base 1, a gland 2, a press shaft 3 and a press plug 4;

the base 1 comprises a positioning hole 101, a positioning groove 102, a clamping column 103, an alignment circle 104, a pressing long round hole 105, a pressing screw hole 106 and a chip removal hole 107; the clamping column 103 is positioned at the bottom of the aligning circle 104 and is coaxially connected with the aligning circle 104 to form a T-shaped cylindrical structure, a cylindrical groove is formed in the upper end of the aligning circle 104, two stages of T-shaped cylindrical stepped holes are formed downwards from the center of the groove, the first stage is a positioning hole 101, and the second stage is a pressing screw hole 106 from top to bottom; the pressing long round hole 105 penetrates through the aligning circle 104 from the side surface, the axis of the pressing long round hole 105 is perpendicular to the axis of the aligning circle 104, and the inside of the aligning circle 104 is intersected and communicated with the bottom of the pressing screw hole 106; the chip removal hole 107 is positioned above the pressing long round hole 105, penetrates through the alignment circle 104 from the side surface along the direction vertical to the axial line of the pressing long round hole 105 and the axial line of the alignment circle 104, and is intersected and communicated with the bottom of the pressing screw hole 106 inside the alignment circle 104; the positioning groove 102 is a pair of U-shaped notches positioned on two sides of the cylindrical groove of the alignment circle 104, and the central connecting line of the bottoms of the pair of U-shaped notches is vertical to and intersected with the axis of the alignment circle 104;

the gland 2 is a cylindrical structure with a cover, the lower end of the gland is a cylindrical opening, a position hole 204 is arranged in the center of the upper end cover plate, so that an annular compression surface 201 is formed at the periphery of the upper end cover plate, holes perpendicular to the axis are arranged at the symmetrical parts of the two side surfaces, and are marked as compression holes 202, and chip removal holes 203 are arranged on the side surfaces which are perpendicular to the connection line of the two compression holes 202 and are staggered by a certain distance;

when an inner hole of a copper sleeve 02 of a cross shaft press-fitting assembly is machined, a clamping column 103 of a base 1 is clamped by a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool, a press plug 4 is screwed into a press screw hole 106 of the base 1, the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined is positioned in a cylindrical groove above the base 1, two ends of a reference shaft A of a steel substrate 01 are positioned in positioning grooves 102, and one end of the copper sleeve 02 is embedded into a positioning hole 101 of the base; the gland 2 is sleeved on the base 1, so that the other end of the copper sleeve 02 is exposed from a vacant hole 204 of the gland 2 for machining of a machine tool, a pressing hole 202 of the gland 2 is aligned with a pressing long round hole 105 of the base, the pressing shaft 3 penetrates through the pressing hole 202 of the gland 2 and the pressing long round hole 105 of the base 1, the pressing plug 4 is screwed, the pressing shaft 3 is driven, the gland 2 is fastened on the base 1, and meanwhile, a chip removal hole 203 of the gland 2 is aligned with a chip removal hole 107 of the base 1.

Preferably, the positioning and clamping device for processing the pin shaft hole system of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly further comprises a mandrel 5;

the mandrel 5 is a T-shaped cylindrical block, the large end of the mandrel is a positioning big circle 501, the small end of the mandrel is a positioning small circle 502, the large end and the small end are coaxial, and a yielding screw hole 503 is arranged on the central shaft; the big end positioning big circle 501 is used for being placed in the positioning hole 101 of the base 1, and the small end positioning small circle 502 is used for positioning a hole structure placed on the big end positioning small circle; the abdicating screw hole 503 is used for mounting the mandrel 5 on one hand, and is convenient for a tool to pass through the mandrel 5 to operate the press plug 4 in the pressing screw hole 106 on the other hand;

when the end faces of two ends of a copper sleeve 02 of a cross shaft press-fitting assembly are machined, a clamping column 103 of a base 1 is clamped by a three-jaw chuck of a machine tool, a press plug 4 is screwed into a press screw hole 106 of the base 1, the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined is positioned in a cylindrical groove above the base 1, two ends of a reference shaft A of a steel substrate 01 are positioned in positioning grooves 102, a large positioning circle 501 of a mandrel 5 is arranged in a positioning hole 101 of the base 1, and a small positioning circle 502 of the mandrel 5 is arranged in a clearance fit manner in an inner hole of the copper sleeve 02 of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly; the gland 2 is sleeved on the base 1, so that the other end of the copper sleeve 02 is exposed from a vacant hole 204 of the gland 2 for machining of a machine tool, a pressing hole 202 of the gland 2 is aligned with a pressing long round hole 105 of the base, the pressing shaft 3 penetrates through the pressing hole 202 of the gland 2 and the pressing long round hole 105 of the base 1 respectively, the pressing plug 4 is screwed, the pressing shaft 3 is driven, the gland 2 is fastened on the base 1, and meanwhile, a chip removal hole 203 of the gland 2 is aligned with a chip removal hole 107 of the base 1.

Preferably, the diameter of the positioning hole 101 of the base 1 is in clearance fit with the outer circle of the small end of the copper sleeve 02 and the positioning great circle 501 of the mandrel 5, so as to ensure the centering of the cross shaft press-fitting type component. The gap is not more than 0.005 mm.

Preferably, the error of parallelism between the bottom end faces of the positioning grooves 102 of the base 1 is not more than 0.005.

Preferably, the error of the perpendicularity between the bottom end surface of the positioning groove 102 and the positioning hole 101 is not more than phi 0.008 mm.

Preferably, the distance between the bottom end surface of the positioning slot 102 and the inlet end surface of the positioning hole 101 is [ L1- Φ a/2] + 0.05-L1- Φ a/2] +0.1] so as to ensure that when the reference axis a of the steel substrate 01 contacts with the bottom end surface of the positioning slot 102, a gap exists between the B surface or the C surface of the steel substrate 01 and the inlet end surface of the positioning hole 101, and no over-positioning occurs, wherein L1 is the maximum distance dimension L1 between the B surface and the C surface of the steel substrate 01, and Φ a is the diameter of the outer circle of the reference axis a of the steel substrate 01.

Preferably, the depth dimension of the positioning groove 102 is greater than Φ a/2, so as to ensure that the outer circle of the reference axis a of the steel substrate 01 can be effectively limited, and the workpiece is prevented from rotating around the main axis of the machine tool, wherein Φ a is the diameter of the outer circle of the reference axis a of the steel substrate 01.

Preferably, the width of the positioning groove 102 is larger than the outer diameter Φ a of the reference shaft a of the steel substrate 01, and the positioning groove is in clearance fit with the reference shaft a of the steel substrate 01, so that the workpiece is compensated for the misalignment between the axis of the copper bush 02 and the axis of the reference shaft a of the steel substrate 01. For example, the width dimension of the positioning groove 102 is Φ a +0.15 mm.

Preferably, the coaxiality error of the clamping column 103 and the alignment circle 104 with the positioning hole 101 is not more than phi 0.005mm respectively, so as to ensure the centering of the positioning hole 101 after the base 1 is clamped on the machine tool.

Preferably, the flatness error of the pressing surface 201 is not more than 0.005.

Preferably, the intersection edge of the pressing surface 201 and the vacancy hole 204 is processed into a round angle.

Preferably, the thickness dimension < (L1- Φ a)/2 of the void 204 is used for ensuring that the surface to be machined can protrude out of the gland 2 for machining after the workpiece is pressed, wherein L1 is the maximum distance dimension L1 between the B surface and the C surface of the steel matrix (01), and Φ a is the diameter of the outer circle of the reference axis a of the steel matrix 01.

Preferably, the pressing shaft 3 comprises a limiting column 301 and a limiting groove 302;

the distance between the end surface of the limiting column 301 and the center of the limiting groove 302 is phi g/2, so that when the end surface of the limiting column 301 is in contact with the outer circle of the gland 2 with the diameter of phi g, the center of the limiting groove 302 is overlapped with the axis of the positioning hole 101 of the base 1, and the pressure plug 4 can be smoothly pressed into the limiting groove 302;

the width of the limiting groove 302 is provided with allowance on the basis of the outer diameter Ma of the pressure plug (4), so that the pressure plug 4 can be smoothly pressed into the limiting groove 302.

Preferably, the upper end face of the press plug 4 is provided with a tightening hexagon 401 for tightening and loosening the press plug 4.

Preferably, the locating equator 501 is a clearance fit with the base locating hole 101 to ensure "centering" of the workpiece. The gap is not more than 0.005 mm.

Preferably, the positioning small circle 502 is clearance fit with the inner bore of the workpiece copper sleeve 02. The gap is not more than 0.005 mm.

Preferably, the coaxiality error of the positioning small circle 502 and the positioning large circle 501 is not more than phi 0.005.

Preferably, the thread minor diameter of the yielding screw hole 503 is larger than the maximum dimension L2 of the tightening hexagon 401 of the press plug 4.

Based on the device, the invention also provides a method for processing, positioning and clamping pin shaft holes of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly, which is a method for processing and clamping the B surface, the inner hole of the copper sleeve and the inner hole chamfer of the end of the B surface of a steel substrate 01 of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed, and comprises the following specific steps:

s1.1, adopting a clamping column 103 of a machine tool three-jaw clamping base 1 to draw a table and align an alignment circle 104 of the base 1;

s1.2, screwing the pressing plug 4 into a pressing screw hole 106 of the base 1 to ensure that the pressing shaft 3 can be smoothly arranged in a pressing long round hole 105 of the base 1;

s1.3, a copper sleeve 02 of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined is arranged in a positioning hole 101 of the base 1, so that centering of a workpiece is achieved;

s1.4, installing two ends of a reference shaft A of a steel base 01 of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed into positioning grooves 102 of the base 1, and fitting the two ends with the bottom end surface to realize the orientation of a workpiece;

s1.5, sleeving a gland 2, and enabling a pressing surface 201 of the gland 2 to be attached to the outer circles of two ends of a base A of a cross shaft press-mounting type assembly steel matrix 01 to be processed;

s1.6, respectively penetrating the pressing shaft 3 through the pressing hole 202 of the gland 2 and the pressing oblong hole 105 of the base 1, so that the end face of the limiting column 301 of the pressing shaft 3 is attached to the outer circle of the gland 2;

s1.7, screwing the pressing plug 4 into the limiting groove 302 of the pressing shaft 3 until no displacement exists during screwing, so that the pressing plug 4 drives the pressing shaft 3 and the pressing cover 2 to fasten the cross shaft press-fitting assembly.

The method also comprises a method for processing and clamping inner holes of the C surface and the C surface end of the steel substrate 01 of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be processed, and the method comprises the following specific steps:

s2.1, installing the positioning great circle 501 of the mandrel 5 into the positioning hole 101 of the base 1 in a clearance fit manner;

s2.1, fitting an inner hole of the workpiece copper sleeve 02 into a positioning small circle 502 of the mandrel 5 in a clearance fit manner to realize centering of the workpiece;

s2.1, installing the excircle of the 01 datum A of the workpiece steel substrate into the positioning groove 102 of the base 1, and attaching the excircle to the bottom end surface to realize the orientation of the workpiece;

s2.1, sleeving a gland 2, and enabling a pressing surface 201 of the gland 2 to be attached to the outer circles of the two ends of a reference shaft A of a workpiece steel base 01;

s2.1, respectively penetrating the pressing shaft 3 through the pressing hole 202 of the gland 2 and the pressing oblong hole 105 of the base 1, so that the end face of the limiting column 301 of the pressing shaft 3 is attached to the outer circle of the gland 2;

s2.1, screwing the pressing plug 4 into the limiting groove 302 of the pressing shaft 3 until no displacement exists during screwing, so that the pressing plug 4 drives the pressing shaft 3 and the pressing cover 2 to fasten the cross shaft press-fitting assembly.

Example 1:

the electromechanical actuator cross-shaft assembly is schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1(a) -1 (c). 01 is a steel matrix, 02 is a copper sleeve, the excircle diameter phi a of a steel matrix reference A, the bore diameter phi B of an inner hole of the copper sleeve, the excircle diameter phi C of the copper sleeve, chamfers Cd at two ends of the inner hole of the copper sleeve, two end faces of the maximum length of the steel matrix are a B face and a C face respectively, the maximum distance dimension L1 between the B face and the C face, the coaxiality error between the excircles of the two ends phi a of the steel matrix is not more than phi delta 1, the verticality error of the B face and the C face to the reference A respectively is not more than phi delta 2, and the symmetry error of the B face and the C face to the reference A respectively is not more than delta 3.

The cross shaft assembly of the electromechanical actuator is formed by press mounting and turning of a steel substrate 01 and a copper sleeve 02. In order to ensure the product quality, the inner hole and two end faces of the copper bush 02 are left with allowance during press mounting, and the states of the cross shaft assembly after press mounting and before turning are as shown in a diagram 2(a) and a diagram 2 (b). The length of the D surface of the large end face of the copper bush 02 and the length of the B surface protruding out of the steel substrate 01 are L2, and the length of the E surface of the small end face of the copper bush 02 and the length of the C surface protruding out of the steel substrate 01 of the small end outer cylindrical surface are L2.

The structure diagram of the positioning and clamping device is shown in figure 3. Which comprises the following steps: 1 is a base, 2 is a gland, 3 is a pressing shaft, 4 is a pressing plug and 5 is a mandrel.

(1) Assembling connection relation of devices

The machine tool three-jaw chuck clamps the clamping column 103 of the base 1; the pressing plug 4 is screwed into a pressing screw hole 106 of the base 1, and 2-3 buckles are screwed in advance; the positioning big circle 501 of the mandrel 5 is arranged in the positioning hole 101 of the base 1 and is in close clearance fit; the gland 2 is arranged in an alignment circle 104 of the base 1 and is in clearance fit; the pressing shaft 3 respectively penetrates through the pressing hole 202 of the pressing cover 2 and the pressing oblong hole 105 of the base 1; the press plug 4 is screwed to drive the press shaft 3 to fasten the press cover 2 on the base 1.

(2) Composition and essential requirements of the device

1) The structural sketch of the base 1 is shown in fig. 4(a) to 4(c), which comprises 7 main structures: the positioning device comprises a positioning hole 101, a positioning groove 102, a clamping column 103, an alignment circle 104, a pressing long circular hole 105, a pressing screw hole 106 and a chip removal hole 107.

(ii) locating the aperture of the hole 101Is taken as a reference Z and is excircle of the copper bush 02And a large locating circle 501 of the mandrel 5 to ensure "centering" of the workpiece.

② the error of parallelism between the bottom end surfaces of two positions of the positioning groove 102 is not more than 0.005 to ensure the 'orientation' of the workpiece.

Secondly, the error of the verticality between the bottom end surface of the positioning groove 102 and the positioning hole 101 is not more than phi 0.008 so as to ensure the orientation of the workpiece.

The distance between the bottom end surface of the positioning groove 102 and the inlet end surface of the positioning hole 101So as to ensure that when the workpiece reference A contacts with the bottom end face of the positioning groove 102, a clearance exists between the B face/C face of the workpiece and the inlet end face of the positioning hole 101, and no over-positioning occurs.

The depth dimension of the positioning slot 102 is > (Φ a/2) to ensure effective spacing of the outer circle Φ a of the workpiece datum a to prevent the workpiece from rotating about the machine tool major axis.

The width dimension phi a +0.15 of the positioning groove 102 is in clearance fit with the excircle phi a of the workpiece reference A, so that the compensation of the microscopic dislocation of the workpiece due to the axis of the copper bush 02 and the axis of the reference A can be realized.

And the coaxiality error of the clamping column 103 and the alignment circle 104 with the positioning hole 101 is not more than phi 0.005 respectively so as to ensure the centering of the positioning hole 101 after the base 1 is clamped on the three-jaw chuck of the machine tool.

The arrangement of the chip removal holes 107 can discharge chips along with cooling liquid in time, so that the chips can be prevented from being scratched by the chips, the temperature of the workpiece can be rapidly reduced, the processing quality can be ensured, and the chips can be prevented from entering a machine tool spindle to damage the precision of the machine tool.

2) The structure sketch of the gland 2 is shown in fig. 5(a) and 5(b), which comprises 4 main structures: a pressing surface 201, a pressing hole 202, a clearance hole 203 and a vacancy hole 204.

The flatness error of the pressing surface 201 is not more than 0.005, so that the workpiece reference A can be pressed at the same time, and the workpiece is not damaged by pressure.

And processing an Rf fillet at the crossed edge of the pressing surface 201 and the vacancy hole 204 to ensure that the workpiece is not crushed.

The thickness dimension of the vacant hole 204 is less than (L1-phi a)/2, so that after the workpiece is pressed, the surface to be processed can protrude out of the gland 2, and the processing is convenient.

The arrangement of the chip removal holes 203 can discharge chips along with cooling liquid in time, so that the chips can be prevented from scratching a workpiece, the temperature of the workpiece can be rapidly reduced, the processing quality can be ensured, and the chips can be prevented from entering a machine tool spindle to damage the precision of the machine tool.

3) The schematic structural diagrams of the pressure shaft 3 are shown in fig. 6(a) to 6(b), and the schematic structural diagrams comprise 2 main structures: a limiting column 301 and a limiting groove 302.

Firstly, the distance between the end surface of the limit column 301 and the center of the limit groove 302 is phi g/2, so that when the end surface of the limit column 301 is contacted with the excircle of the gland 2 with the diameter of phi g, the center of the limit groove 302 is superposed with the axis of the positioning hole 101 of the base 1, and the pressure plug 4 can be smoothly pressed into the limit groove 302.

Secondly, the width dimension Ma +1mm of the limiting groove 302 ensures that the pressure plug 4 can be smoothly pressed into the limiting groove 302.

4) The schematic structure of the press plug 4 is shown in fig. 7(a) to 7(b), which comprises 1 main structure: hexagonal 401 is tightened.

The arrangement of the tightening hexagon 401 is used for tightening and loosening the press plug 4.

5) The structural sketch of the mandrel 5 is schematically shown in fig. 8, and comprises 3 main structures: a large positioning circle 501, a small positioning circle 502 and a abdication screw hole 503.

The diameter phi c of the positioning great circle 501 is in clearance fit with the positioning hole 101 of the base so as to ensure the centering of the workpiece. The clearance is not more than 0.005 mm.

② positioning the diameter of the small circle 502And is in small clearance fit with the inner hole phi b of the workpiece copper sleeve 02 to ensure the centering of the workpiece. The clearance is not more than 0.005 mm.

The error in the coaxiality of the positioning small circle 502 and the positioning large circle 501 is not more than phi 0.005 so as to ensure the centering of the workpiece.

The arrangement of the abdicating screw hole 503 not only facilitates the assembly and disassembly of the mandrel 5, but also enables a standard tool, namely a hexagonal wrench, to screw and unscrew the press plug 4 through the abdicating screw hole 503.

The thread minor diameter of the yielding screw hole 503 is larger than the maximum dimension L2 of the screwing hexagon 401 of the pressing plug 4, so that a standard tool, namely a hexagonal wrench, can smoothly screw and unscrew the pressing plug 4 through the yielding screw hole 503.

The base centering hole in this device can make work piece copper sheathing realize automatic centering before first processing, avoids "one alignment", improves production efficiency by a wide margin.

The mandrel in the device can realize automatic centering of the copper sleeve of the workpiece after being arranged in the centering hole of the base, thereby finishing the processing of the drawing, avoiding one-piece alignment and greatly improving the production efficiency.

The perpendicularity of the base centering hole and the bottom end face of the positioning groove in the device can enable the workpiece copper sleeve to be processed to be automatically leveled, one-piece alignment is avoided, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.

The pressing mode when being used for processing the copper sheathing in this device adopts: the press plug drives the press cover to tightly press the workpiece through the press shaft, so that two parts of the workpiece can be pressedThe excircle is simultaneously stressed and is compressed in the direction vertical to the axis. The pressing device can effectively avoid the conditions that the stress of a workpiece is not uniform, the copper bush of the workpiece is deformed, the centering position is changed, the workpiece is crushed and the like in the pressing process caused by directly screwing the screw thread of the gland.

In the device, the base and the gland are provided with radial chip removal holes, so that chips can be effectively prevented from entering a spindle hole of a machine tool and damaging the precision of the machine tool spindle.

The limiting groove structure of the pressing shaft in the device can effectively limit the radial displacement of the pressing shaft, and prevent the safety problems such as throwing of the pressing shaft in the machining process.

The hollow threaded hole structure of the mandrel in the device can realize the operation of screwing and unscrewing the pressing plug by the tool penetrating through the hollow threaded hole while being convenient for assembling and disassembling the mandrel.

The device realizes automatic centering and positioning of workpieces, has good quality consistency of batch products, and reduces the skill level requirement of operators.

The device has the advantages of positioning, clamping, fastening and reliability, and can avoid the conditions of unstable clamping and loose and off-position of the workpiece in the machining process.

The device can realize one-time clamping and alignment, process batch products and greatly reduce the labor intensity of operators.

The clamping mode and the design idea of the device can be suitable for turning of all the hole systems with high precision, difficult clamping and complicated alignment, and the applicability is strong.

The device can realize high-quality and high-efficiency production of low-quality and low-efficiency cross shaft assembly processing, and provides effective guarantee measures for large-batch production of products.

The device is simple and easy to use and convenient to operate.

The device can enable the high-precision hole system of the cross shaft press-fitting assembly to be machined only by a common lathe to realize the machining of a numerical control lathe.

Example 2:

and chamfering, machining and clamping the surface B of the workpiece, the inner hole of the copper sleeve and the inner hole at the end of the surface B.

Firstly, clamping columns 103 of a three-jaw clamping base 1 of a lathe are used for drawing a table and aligning an alignment circle 104 of the base 1;

secondly, the pressing plug 4 is screwed into a pressing screw hole 106 of the base 1, and about 2-3 buckles are in a pre-tightening state, so that the subsequent pressing shaft 3 can be smoothly installed;

thirdly, the outer circle phi c of the workpiece copper bush 02 is arranged in the positioning hole 101 of the base 1 in a clearance fit mode, and centering of the workpiece is achieved;

fourthly, two phi a excircles of the base A of the steel substrate 01 of the workpiece are arranged in the positioning groove 102 of the base 1 and are attached to the bottom end surface, so that the orientation of the workpiece is realized;

sleeving a gland 2, and attaching a pressing surface 201 of the gland 2 to two phi a excircles of a base A of a workpiece steel substrate 01;

sixthly, the pressing shaft 3 respectively penetrates through the pressing hole 202 of the gland 2 and the pressing long round hole 105 of the base 1, so that the end face of the limiting column 301 of the pressing shaft 3 is attached to the excircle of the gland 2;

and seventhly, screwing the pressing plug 4 into the limiting groove 302 of the pressing shaft 3 until no displacement exists during screwing, so that the pressing plug 4 drives the pressing shaft 3 and the pressing cover 2 to fasten the workpiece.

As shown in fig. 9(a) to 9 ((b).

At the moment, the processing of the B surface of the workpiece, the inner hole of the copper sleeve and the inner hole chamfer of the end of the B surface can be finished.

2. Workpiece C-surface and C-surface end inner hole chamfering machining clamping method

Firstly, unscrewing a press plug 4 to enable a press shaft 3 to be smoothly pulled out;

secondly, pulling out the pressing shaft 3 and the pressing cover 2, and taking out the workpiece;

thirdly, a positioning big circle 501 of the mandrel 5 is arranged in the positioning hole 101 of the base 1 in a clearance fit manner;

fourthly, a small clearance fit of an inner hole phi b of the workpiece copper sleeve 02 is arranged in the positioning small circle 502 of the mandrel 5 to realize the centering of the workpiece;

fifthly, two phi a excircles of a base 01 of the workpiece steel substrate are arranged in the positioning groove 102 of the base 1 and are attached to the bottom end surface, so that the orientation of the workpiece is realized;

sleeving a gland 2 to ensure that a pressing surface 201 of the gland 2 is attached to two phi a excircles of a workpiece steel substrate 01 benchmark A;

the pressing shaft 3 respectively penetrates through the pressing hole 202 of the pressing cover 2 and the pressing long round hole 105 of the base 1, so that the end face of the limiting column 301 of the pressing shaft 3 is attached to the outer circle of the pressing cover 2;

screwing the pressing plug 4 into the limit groove 302 of the pressing shaft 3 until no displacement exists, and enabling the pressing plug 4 to drive the pressing shaft 3 and the pressing cover 2 to fasten the workpiece.

As schematically shown in fig. 10(a) to 10 (b).

At the moment, the processing of the inner hole chamfers of the C surface and the C surface end of the workpiece can be finished.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.