阅读说明：本技术 多工位定心工装及定心方法 (Multi-station centering tool and centering method ) 是由 蒋汶桓 王建辉 何界壮 袁清中 张琦森 于 2021-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明中公开了一种多工位定心工装及定心方法,该多工位定心工装包括：芯轴,芯轴上设置有多个定位部,定位部包括沿芯轴周向均布设置的至少两个第一凸起；定心卡盘,定心卡盘用于安装到待定心工件的定心安装孔,并使定心卡盘的中轴线与定心安装孔的中轴线重合,定心卡盘上设置有可供芯轴穿入的定位孔,定位孔内沿其周向均布设置有至少两个第二凸起,两个相邻的第二凸起之间分别设置有可容纳第一凸起的让位凹槽。本发明对工件的定心操作方便,可达到一轴定多心的效果；可有效防止在各工件加工/装配完成后,由于加工/装配变形或内应力等造成芯轴与定心卡盘之间抱死,而难以对芯轴进行拆卸的问题,使芯轴的拆卸操作简单、方便。(The invention discloses a multi-station centering tool and a centering method, wherein the multi-station centering tool comprises: the positioning part comprises at least two first bulges which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the mandrel; the centering chuck is used for installing the centering mounting hole of a workpiece to be centered, the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of the centering mounting hole, the centering chuck is provided with a positioning hole for the mandrel to penetrate, at least two second protrusions are uniformly distributed in the positioning hole along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and a recess capable of accommodating the first protrusions is formed between every two adjacent second protrusions. The centering device is convenient to operate for centering the workpiece, and can achieve the effect of one-axis centering and multiple-centering; the problem that the mandrel is difficult to disassemble due to locking between the mandrel and the centering chuck caused by processing/assembling deformation or internal stress and the like after processing/assembling of each workpiece is finished can be effectively prevented, so that the mandrel is simple and convenient to disassemble.)

1. Multistation centering frock, its characterized in that includes:

the positioning part comprises at least two first bulges which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the mandrel;

the centering chuck is used for being installed in a centering installation hole of a workpiece to be centered, the central axis of the centering chuck is overlapped with the central axis of the centering installation hole, a positioning hole for the core shaft to penetrate is formed in the centering chuck, at least two second bulges are uniformly distributed in the positioning hole along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and a yielding groove capable of accommodating the first bulge is formed between every two adjacent second bulges;

when the positioning parts of the mandrel are respectively positioned in the positioning holes of the centering chucks, the mandrel is rotated, and the first protrusions are respectively in close fit with the second protrusions, so that the central axis of each centering chuck coincides with the central axis of the mandrel.

2. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1, wherein the outer contours of the cross sections of the first protrusions are all located on the same circumference, and the center of the circumference is located on the central axis of the mandrel;

the inner outlines of the cross sections of the second bulges are positioned on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is positioned on the central axis of the centering chuck;

when the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of the mandrel, the outer contour of the first convex cross section and the inner contour of the second convex cross section are both located on the same circumference.

3. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first protrusion is a strip-shaped structure arranged along the axis direction of the mandrel, and the outer contour surface of the first protrusion is an arc surface parallel to the circumferential surface of the mandrel.

4. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the second protrusion is an arc-shaped strip-shaped structure which is protruded along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole.

5. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the positioning portion is fixedly sleeved on the mandrel.

6. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the positioning portions are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the mandrel.

7. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer edge of the centering chuck is arranged to be of a step structure, a pressure plate is arranged on one side of the centering chuck in a relative manner, a workpiece to be centered is arranged between the centering chuck and the pressure plate in a positioning fit manner on the step structure of the centering chuck, and the workpiece to be centered is fixedly connected with the pressure plate to be fixedly clamped.

8. A multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mandrel is a hollow shaft.

9. The multi-station centering tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an operating rod is arranged at one end of the mandrel.

10. The centering method adopting the multi-station centering tool as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:

s10, respectively installing the centering chucks on a plurality of workpieces to be centered in a matched manner, and enabling the central axis of the centering chucks to coincide with the central axis of the workpieces to be centered;

s20, sequentially inserting the mandrel into the positioning holes of the centering chucks, enabling the positioning parts on the mandrel to be respectively positioned in the positioning holes, and enabling the first bulges of the positioning parts to be respectively positioned in the abdicating grooves of the centering chucks;

s30, rotating the mandrel to enable the first protrusions to move to positions corresponding to the second protrusions respectively, enabling the first protrusions to be tightly matched with the second protrusions, and enabling the central axis of the workpiece centering installation hole to be centered to coincide with the central axis of the mandrel;

and S40, after the machining operation of the workpiece to be centered is finished in the state, rotating the mandrel to enable the first bulge to move into the abdicating groove, and drawing out the mandrel.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of positioning and assembling, in particular to a multi-station centering tool and a multi-station centering method.

Background

In the operation processes of machining, welding, assembling and the like, when a plurality of workpieces positioned on the same axis need to be positioned and installed so as to ensure that the plurality of workpieces have better coaxiality, high requirements are usually placed on the machining precision and the installation matching relation among the workpieces; or the coaxiality between the workpieces needs to be continuously adjusted by the aid of the auxiliary detection device after the workpiece is installed, so that the coaxiality requirement is met. The operation mode not only improves the processing cost and the processing requirement, but also has inconvenient operation and low operation efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a multi-station centering tool and a multi-station centering method, aiming at the problems of inconvenient operation and low operation efficiency when a plurality of workpieces are centered, and the multi-station centering tool and the multi-station centering method are more convenient to disassemble while the centering operation is simultaneously performed on the plurality of workpieces.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

multistation centering frock includes:

the positioning part comprises at least two first bulges which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the mandrel;

the centering chuck is used for being installed in a centering installation hole of a workpiece to be centered, the central axis of the centering chuck is overlapped with the central axis of the centering installation hole, a positioning hole for the core shaft to penetrate is formed in the centering chuck, at least two second bulges are uniformly distributed in the positioning hole along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and a yielding groove capable of accommodating the first bulge is formed between every two adjacent second bulges;

when the positioning parts of the mandrel are respectively positioned in the positioning holes of the centering chucks, the mandrel is rotated, and the first protrusions are respectively in close fit with the second protrusions, so that the central axis of each centering chuck coincides with the central axis of the mandrel.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the outer contours of the cross sections of the first bulges are all positioned on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is positioned on the central axis of the mandrel;

the inner outlines of the cross sections of the second bulges are positioned on the same circumference, and the circle center of the circumference is positioned on the central axis of the centering chuck;

when the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of the mandrel, the outer contour of the first convex cross section and the inner contour of the second convex cross section are both located on the same circumference.

As a further improvement of the technical solution, the first protrusion is a strip-shaped structure arranged along the axis direction of the mandrel, and an outer contour surface of the first protrusion is an arc surface parallel to the circumferential surface of the mandrel.

As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the second protrusion is an arc-shaped strip-shaped structure which is convexly arranged along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the positioning part is fixedly sleeved on the mandrel.

As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the positioning parts are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the mandrel.

As the further improvement to the technical scheme, the outer edge of the centering chuck is arranged to be of a step structure, a pressure plate is arranged on one side of the centering chuck relatively, the workpiece to be centered is installed on the step structure of the centering chuck in a positioning matching mode and is arranged between the centering chuck and the pressure plate, and the workpiece to be centered is fixedly connected with the pressure plate and is fixedly clamped.

As a further improvement to the technical scheme, the mandrel is a hollow shaft.

As a further improvement to the technical scheme, one end of the mandrel is provided with an operating rod.

The invention also relates to a centering method adopting the multi-station centering tool, which comprises the following steps:

s10, respectively installing the centering chucks on a plurality of workpieces to be centered in a matched manner, and enabling the central axis of the centering chucks to coincide with the central axis of the workpieces to be centered;

s20, sequentially inserting the mandrel into the positioning holes of the centering chucks, enabling the positioning parts on the mandrel to be respectively positioned in the positioning holes, and enabling the first bulges of the positioning parts to be respectively positioned in the abdicating grooves of the centering chucks;

s30, rotating the mandrel to enable the first protrusions to move to positions corresponding to the second protrusions respectively, enabling the first protrusions to be tightly matched with the second protrusions, and enabling the central axis of the workpiece centering installation hole to be centered to coincide with the central axis of the mandrel;

and S40, after the machining operation of the workpiece to be centered is finished in the state, rotating the mandrel to enable the first bulge to move into the abdicating groove, and drawing out the mandrel.

According to the invention, the positioning part is arranged on the mandrel, the matched centering structure is arranged between the positioning part and the centering chuck, and the positioning part and the centering chuck are in centering match by rotating the mandrel, so that the centering operation on a plurality of workpieces is realized, the plurality of workpieces can be simultaneously adjusted to the same axis, and the workpieces have good coaxiality with each other, so that the centering operation on the workpieces is convenient, and the effect of one-axis centering and multiple-centering can be achieved.

Meanwhile, the abdicating groove is formed in the centering chuck, after the workpieces are machined/assembled, the matching between the positioning part and the centering chuck can be relieved by rotating the mandrel, and the problem that the mandrel is difficult to disassemble due to locking between the mandrel and the centering chuck caused by machining/assembling deformation or internal stress and the like after the workpieces are machined/assembled can be effectively solved, so that the mandrel is easy and convenient to disassemble.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multi-station centering tool of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a matching structure between the multi-station centering tool and a workpiece to be centered.

Fig. 3 is a partial schematic view of a portion a of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a matching structure between the positioning portion and the centering chuck in an initial state of the multi-station centering tool of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a matching structure between the positioning portion and the centering chuck in the centering state of the multi-station centering tool of the invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a mandrel in the multi-station centering tool of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view at B-B in fig. 6.

In the figure: 101. a mandrel 102, a positioning part 103, a first bulge 104 and an operating rod;

201. the centering chuck comprises a centering chuck 202, a positioning hole 203, a second bulge 204, a yielding groove 205 and a pressing plate;

300. and (5) centering the workpiece.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention.

When a plurality of workpieces need to be welded, assembled and the like, for example, the workpieces need to be respectively and fixedly mounted on the same platform or base, and the coaxiality between the workpieces has a high requirement, in the existing operation mode, an optical axis with better coaxiality is generally adopted, the workpieces are respectively and cooperatively mounted on the optical axis through centering mounting holes of the workpieces, then the workpieces are welded or assembled on the same platform or base, the coaxiality between the workpieces is ensured through the optical axis, and the optical axis is drawn out from the centering mounting holes of the workpieces after the operation is finished. At this moment, after the workpiece is mounted on the fixed platform, due to the influence of deformation/internal stress and the like generated in the mounting process, interaction forces in different directions can be generated between each workpiece and the optical axis, so that the optical axis and the workpiece are locked, the optical axis is difficult to detach from the workpiece, and the problems of inconvenient operation, low operation efficiency and the like are caused.

The invention aims to solve the problems existing in multi-workpiece coaxiality assembly and processing, provides a multi-station centering tool and a multi-station centering method, and is explained below by combining specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multi-station centering tool in this embodiment includes:

the positioning device comprises a mandrel 101, wherein a plurality of positioning parts 102 are arranged on the mandrel 101, and the positioning parts 102 comprise at least two first bulges 103 uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the mandrel; as shown in fig. 6 and 7, in the present embodiment, the positioning portion 102 adopts a shaft sleeve structure that can be sleeved on the mandrel, and three first protrusions 103 are uniformly distributed on the positioning portion 102 along the circumferential direction thereof; the positioning parts are sequentially arranged at intervals along the axis direction of the mandrel so as to meet the positioning operation of a plurality of workpieces to be centered;

the centering chuck 201, the centering chuck 201 is used for installing the centering mounting hole of the workpiece 300 to be centered respectively, and the central axis of the centering chuck 201 is coincided with the central axis of the centering mounting hole, and the centering mounting hole on the workpiece to be centered plays a role in auxiliary positioning of the workpiece to be centered; a positioning hole 202 for the core shaft to penetrate through is formed in the centering chuck 201, at least two second protrusions 203 are uniformly distributed in the positioning hole 202 along the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and abdicating grooves 204 capable of accommodating the first protrusions are formed between every two adjacent second protrusions 203; in this embodiment, three second protrusions 203 are disposed in the positioning hole 202, and are used to form a one-to-one correspondence with the first protrusions on the positioning portion, so as to form a positioning fit; three yielding grooves 204 capable of accommodating the first protrusion are respectively formed in the positioning hole 202 between the second protrusions, and the first protrusion 103 can freely move in the yielding grooves 204.

When the positioning portions 102 of the mandrel are respectively located in the positioning holes 202 of the centering chucks, the mandrel 101 is rotated, and the first protrusions 103 are respectively in close fit with the second protrusions 203, so that the central axis of each centering chuck 201 is overlapped with the central axis of the mandrel 101, and workpieces to be centered have good coaxiality.

In one embodiment, the outer contours of the cross sections of the first protrusions on the positioning portions 102 are all located on the same circumference, and the center of the circumference is located on the central axis of the mandrel 101; the inner contour of the cross section of the second protrusion 203 on each centering chuck 201 is positioned on the same circumference, and the center of the circumference is positioned on the central axis of the centering chuck 201; when the central axis of the centering chuck coincides with the central axis of the mandrel, the outer contour of the cross section of the first protrusion 103 and the inner contour of the cross section of the second protrusion 203 are both located on the same circumference, so that the first protrusion and the second protrusion can be matched with each other and can perform centering on each workpiece.

In another embodiment, the first protrusion 103 is a strip-shaped structure disposed along the axial direction of the mandrel, and the outer contour surface of the first protrusion 103 is an arc surface parallel to the circumferential surface of the mandrel. By adopting the structure, the contact area between the first protrusion and the second protrusion can be increased, the stable connection between the positioning part and the centering chuck is ensured, the centering precision is improved, the action range of the positioning part is increased, and the universality is better; and can be convenient for the cooperation installation between each location portion and the centering chuck during centering operation.

In another embodiment, the second protrusion 203 is an arc-shaped strip-shaped structure protruding in the circumferential direction of the positioning hole, and the inner contour surface of the second protrusion is an arc surface matched with the outer contour surface of the first protrusion 103. The first protrusion and the second protrusion can be tightly matched, and the centering precision is improved.

Of course, the first bulge can adopt a narrow raised line structure arranged along the axial direction of the mandrel, and point contact is formed when the first bulge is matched with the inner profile surface of the second bulge; or the second bulge is arranged into a convex point structure, and point contact is formed when the second bulge is matched with the outer contour surface of the first bulge, so that the friction force between the positioning part and the centering chuck during rotation can be further reduced, and the mandrel is convenient to disassemble.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the outer edge of the centering chuck 201 is provided with a step structure, a pressure plate 205 is oppositely arranged on one side of the centering chuck 201, the step structure on the outer edge of the centering chuck 201 is installed in the centering installation hole, so that the workpiece to be centered is installed on the step structure of the centering chuck in a positioning fit manner, the workpiece to be centered and the centering chuck are in a limiting fit manner through the fit between the workpiece to be centered and the centering chuck, at this time, the workpiece 300 to be centered is located between the centering chuck 201 and the pressure plate 205, the centering chuck 201 and the pressure plate 205 are fixedly connected through bolts, the movement of the workpiece to be centered in the axial direction is further limited, the workpiece to be centered is fixedly clamped, and the connection between the centering chuck and the workpiece to be centered is realized.

In another embodiment, the mandrel 101 is a hollow shaft to reduce the weight of the mandrel and facilitate the centering operation. An operating lever 104 is provided at one end of the spindle 101 to facilitate the turning operation of the spindle.

The centering method adopting the multi-station positioning tool comprises the following steps:

s10, respectively matching and fixedly installing the centering chucks on a plurality of workpieces to be centered to enable the central axis of the centering chucks to coincide with the central axis of the workpieces to be centered; taking the installation mode shown in fig. 2 and 3 as an example, the centering chuck is installed in the centering installation hole of the workpiece to be centered, so that the step structure at the outer edge of the centering chuck is matched with the centering installation hole, at the moment, the inner contour surface of the centering installation hole is matched with the outer contour surface of the step structure of the centering chuck, the end surface of one end of the workpiece to be centered is in limited fit with the end surface of one end of the step structure of the centering chuck, the pressure plate is arranged at the end surface of the other end of the workpiece to be centered, and the centering chuck and the pressure plate are connected through bolts, so that the centering chuck and the workpiece to be centered are matched and fixedly connected;

s20, inserting the mandrel into the positioning holes of the centering chucks in sequence, so that the positioning portions on the mandrel are respectively located in the positioning holes, and the first protrusions of the positioning portions are respectively located in the yielding grooves of the centering chucks, so that the mandrel can be conveniently inserted into the positioning holes, as shown in fig. 4;

s30, rotating the mandrel to enable the first protrusions to move to positions corresponding to the second protrusions respectively, enabling the first protrusions to be tightly matched with the second protrusions, enabling the positioning portions to adjust the center of the centering chuck under the mutual matching effect of the first protrusions and the second protrusions, and adjusting a plurality of workpieces to be centered at the same time to enable the central axis of the centering mounting hole of each workpiece to be centered to coincide with the central axis of the mandrel, and ensuring the coaxiality between the workpieces to be centered, as shown in FIG. 5;

s40, after the machining operation of the workpiece to be centered is completed in this state, for example, after the workpiece to be centered is welded or assembled to the platform/base, the mandrel is rotated again to move the first protrusion into the abdicating groove, as shown in fig. 4, and at this time, the mandrel can be conveniently pulled out from the centering chuck.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. used herein refer to the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the products of the present invention are used, and are used for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like when used in the description of the present invention do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhanging, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.