阅读说明：本技术 一种彩色封装胶膜、太阳能电池及其制备方法 (Colored packaging adhesive film, solar cell and preparation method thereof ) 是由 邢泽咏 王储劼 季泽良 郑策 于 2021-08-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种彩色封装胶膜、太阳能电池及其制备方法,所述彩色封装胶膜含有稀土元素掺杂的钙钛矿量子点,所述钙钛矿量子点的化学式为ABCl-(x)Br-(y)I-(3-x-y),x≥0,y≤3,x+y≤3,A为一价阳离子,B为二价阳离子。所述彩色封装胶膜制备得到的太阳能电池具有良好的使用寿命以及优异的转换效率,同时可以自由改变外观颜色。(The invention provides a colored packaging adhesive film, a solar cell and a preparation method thereof, wherein the colored packaging adhesive film contains rare earth element doped perovskite quantum dots, and the chemical formula of the perovskite quantum dots is ABCL x Br y I 3‑x‑y X is more than or equal to 0, y is less than or equal to 3, x + y is less than or equal to 3, A is monovalent cation, and B is divalent cation. The color packageThe solar cell prepared from the adhesive film has the advantages of long service life, excellent conversion efficiency and free change of appearance color.)

1. The colored packaging adhesive film is characterized by comprising rare earth element doped perovskite quantum dots, wherein the chemical formula of the perovskite quantum dots is ABCl_xBr_yI_3-x-yX is more than or equal to 0, y is less than or equal to 3, x + y is less than or equal to 3, A is monovalent cation, and B is divalent cation.

2. The colored packaging film as claimed in claim 1, whereinIn that, said A comprises Cs⁺、MA⁺Or FA⁺Any one or a combination of at least two of;

preferably, said B comprises Pb²⁺、Sn²⁺Or Mn²⁺Any one or a combination of at least two of;

preferably, the rare earth element comprises any one or a combination of at least two of Yb, Ce, Pr, Eu or Lu, preferably any one or more of Yb, Pr or Ce;

preferably, the doping amount of the rare earth element is 1-20%, preferably 13% of the total molar number of the perovskite quantum dots.

3. The colored packaging film according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a transparent resin;

preferably, the transparent resin comprises any one of PVB, POE, or EVA, or a combination of at least two thereof, and more preferably POE.

4. The color packaging adhesive film according to claim 3, wherein the amount of the rare earth element doped perovskite quantum dots is 0.1-40% of the total mass of the transparent resin, preferably 0.5-10%.

5. The colored packaging adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the thickness of the colored packaging adhesive film is 200 to 800 μm, preferably 350 to 500 μm.

6. The method for preparing the colored packaging adhesive film according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

and mixing the rare earth element doped perovskite quantum dots with transparent resin, and then carrying out banburying shearing-laminating or melt extrusion to prepare the color packaging adhesive film.

7. The method of manufacturing according to claim 6, comprising: and mixing the rare earth element doped perovskite quantum dots with transparent resin, and then performing melt extrusion through a double screw to prepare the color packaging adhesive film.

8. The production method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the melt extrusion pressure is 30 to 50MPa, preferably 45 MPa;

preferably, the temperature of the melt extrusion is 150-300 ℃, and preferably 260 ℃.

9. A solar cell, comprising an encapsulant layer formed of the colored encapsulant film of any one of claims 1-4;

preferably, the solar cell comprises a first packaging adhesive film layer, a solar cell layer, a second packaging adhesive film layer and a first glass layer which are sequentially connected through a back plate layer;

preferably, the back sheet layer is a second glass layer;

preferably, the first encapsulation adhesive film layer is a transparent encapsulation adhesive film layer or a color encapsulation adhesive film layer;

preferably, the solar cell layer is any one of a cadmium telluride cell, a copper indium gallium selenide cell, a crystalline silicon cell, a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem cell or a perovskite-copper indium gallium selenide tandem cell, preferably a crystalline silicon cell;

preferably, the second encapsulation adhesive film layer is a color encapsulation adhesive film layer.

10. A method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 9, comprising: sequentially laminating the back plate layer, the first packaging adhesive film layer, the solar cell layer, the second packaging adhesive film layer and the first glass layer and then carrying out vacuum lamination;

preferably, the pressure of the vacuum pressing is 30-70 kPa, preferably 50 kPa;

preferably, the temperature of the vacuum pressing is 80-200 ℃, and preferably 120 ℃;

preferably, the vacuum pressing time is 5-20 min, preferably 10 min.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of solar cells, relates to a colored packaging adhesive film and a preparation method thereof, and particularly relates to a colored packaging adhesive film, a solar cell and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the development of industry and the gradual depletion of resources such as petroleum, coal, natural gas and the like, solar energy is widely concerned as a clean renewable energy source, and the solar photovoltaic power generation technology is rapidly developed. Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a new form of solar power generation, which provides power by installing photovoltaic modules on the surface of the building peripheral structure, and at the same time, as a functional part of the building structure, replaces part of the traditional building structures such as roof slabs, tiles, windows, building facades, rainshelters and the like, thus realizing more functions.

The development of the Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) concept makes the building market put forward higher performance and aesthetic requirements for solar modules, and provides a new direction for the development of solar cells, however, there are still more factors that limit the development of BIPV solar modules at present: (1) as one kind of building material, the BIPV solar cell is required to have rich colors, and most of the current solar cells are blue or black of a crystalline silicon body, so that the requirements of the market on decoration and attractiveness cannot be met; (2) when the BIPV solar cell is used as a building material, the requirement for heat dissipation is further increased; (3) as a building material, the cost of the BIPV solar cell is widely concerned, the complex preparation method is too complex, and expensive raw materials are all limited by the cost; (4) the color layer has an increased requirement for stability under continuous sunlight exposure. In the prior art, if the color is changed by changing the thickness and the refractive index of the anti-reflection layer, the process is complex, and the requirements on cost and precision are high; the realization of variable colors by the colored fillers leads to the reduction of absorption of the solar cell and the reduction of efficiency; if the multi-color solar cell is used to prepare the BIPV cell, the service life of the cell becomes a great constraint factor.

In summary, most of solar cells on the market at present are crystalline silicon cells, and the crystalline silicon cells have very weak absorption intensity in an ultraviolet region, so that ultraviolet light cannot be effectively converted into electric energy for utilization; in addition, the ultraviolet light can greatly shorten the service life of the crystalline silicon battery and the packaging material, so that the photovoltaic module is difficult to meet the use requirement. Current photovoltaic module colour is single, mostly is blue or black blue to the blue, to BIPV building integration, the application scene has received very big restriction, can not satisfy the market to decorating, pleasing to the eye demand. The dye is used for realizing that the colorful solar cell can seriously shield the visible light part of incident light, so that the cell efficiency is obviously reduced; the color solar cell realized by changing the refractive index, thickness and the like of the film material has complex process and steps and high precision requirement and cost.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a colored packaging adhesive film, a solar cell and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the technical effect, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a colored packaging adhesive film, which contains rare earth element doped perovskite quantum dots, wherein the chemical formula of the perovskite quantum dots is ABCL_xBr_yI_3-x-yX is more than or equal to 0, y is less than or equal to 3, x + y is less than or equal to 3, A is monovalent cation, and B is divalent cation.

Where x may be 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.5 or 2.8, etc., and y may be 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, 2.5 or 2.8, etc., but is not limited to the values recited, and other values not recited within the above numerical ranges are equally applicable.

According to the invention, the perovskite quantum dots can absorb ultraviolet light, so that the service life of the solar cell is prolonged, and meanwhile, the ultraviolet light is converted into light with a wave band which can be absorbed by the solar cell and is absorbed by the solar cell again, so that the conversion efficiency is improved. In addition, the rare earth doped perovskite quantum dots have the quantum shearing characteristic, a certain number of ultraviolet photons can be converted into more visible/infrared photons, so that the visible/infrared photons can be absorbed by the solar cell, and the conversion efficiency is further improved. The rare earth doped perovskite quantum dots can absorb short-wave band light with higher energy and convert the short-wave band light into long-wave band light with lower energy, so that the thermal relaxation of the solar cell is reduced, the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is improved, and the service life of the solar cell is prolonged. The perovskite quantum dots can conveniently and quickly adjust the color of the packaging adhesive film according to components and concentration, meet production requirements and prepare solar cells with different colors.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the A comprises Cs⁺、MA⁺(CH₃NH₃ ⁺) Or FA⁺(CH(NH₂)₂ ⁺) Any one or a combination of at least two of them.

Preferably, said B comprises Pb²⁺、Sn²⁺Or Mn²⁺Any one or a combination of at least two of the following, typical but non-limiting examples being: pb²⁺And Sn²⁺Combination of (1) and Sn²⁺And Mn²⁺Combination of (1) and Sn²⁺And Pb²⁺Combination of (2) or Pb²⁺、Sn²⁺And Mn²⁺Combinations of (a), (b), and the like.

Preferably, the rare earth elements include any one of Yb, Ce, Pr, Eu or Lu, or a combination of at least two of these, typical but non-limiting examples being: a combination of Yb and Ce, a combination of Ce and Pr, a combination of Pr and Eu, a combination of Eu and Lu, a combination of Lu and Yb, a combination of Yb, Ce and Pr, or the like, and preferably any one of Yb, Pr or Ce.

Preferably, the doping amount of the rare earth element is 1% to 20% of the total molar number of the perovskite quantum dots, such as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, or 19%, etc., but is not limited to the enumerated values, and other non-enumerated values within the numerical range are equally applicable, preferably 13%.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the color packaging adhesive film also contains transparent resin.

Preferably, the transparent resin comprises any one of PVB, POE or EVA, or a combination of at least two of these, typical but non-limiting examples being: a combination of PVB and POE, a combination of POE and EVA, a combination of EVA and PVB, a combination of PVB, POE and EVA, or the like, and POE is more preferable.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the amount of the rare earth element-doped perovskite quantum dots is 0.1 to 40%, for example, 0.5%, 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, or 35% by mass of the total mass of the transparent resin, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable, and preferably 0.5 to 10%.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the color sealing adhesive film is 200 to 800 μm, such as 250 μm, 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm, 500 μm, 550 μm, 600 μm, 650 μm, 700 μm, or 750 μm, but is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not listed in the above-mentioned value range are also applicable, and preferably 350 to 500 μm.

The second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the color packaging adhesive film, which comprises:

and mixing the rare earth element doped perovskite quantum dots with transparent resin, and then carrying out banburying shearing-laminating or melt extrusion to prepare the color packaging adhesive film.

As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the preparation method comprises: and mixing the rare earth element doped perovskite quantum dots with transparent resin, and then performing melt extrusion through a double screw to prepare the color packaging adhesive film.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the melt extrusion pressure is 30 to 50MPa, such as 32MPa, 35MPa, 38MPa, 40MPa, 42MPa, 45MPa or 48MPa, but the pressure is not limited to the above-mentioned values, and other values not shown in the above-mentioned range are also applicable, preferably 45 MPa.

Preferably, the melt extrusion temperature is 150 to 300 ℃, such as 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 180 ℃, 190 ℃, 200 ℃, 210 ℃, 220 ℃, 230 ℃, 240 ℃, 250 ℃, 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 280 ℃ or 290 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are equally applicable, preferably 260 ℃.

The invention also provides a solar cell, which comprises an encapsulation adhesive film layer formed by the colored encapsulation adhesive film.

Preferably, the solar cell comprises a first packaging adhesive film layer, a solar cell layer, a second packaging adhesive film layer and a first glass layer which are sequentially connected through a back plate layer.

Preferably, the back sheet layer is a second glass layer.

Preferably, the first encapsulation adhesive film layer is a transparent encapsulation adhesive film layer or a color encapsulation adhesive film layer.

Preferably, the solar cell layer is any one of a cadmium telluride cell, a copper indium gallium selenide cell, a crystalline silicon cell, a perovskite-crystalline silicon tandem cell or a perovskite-copper indium gallium selenide tandem cell, and is preferably a crystalline silicon cell.

Preferably, the second encapsulation adhesive film layer is a color encapsulation adhesive film layer.

In the present invention, the glass edge of the solar cell is provided with a rubber layer, preferably a butyl rubber layer, and the thickness and width of the rubber layer can be properly adjusted according to the size of the solar cell and the crystal form of the use environment, which is not specifically limited herein.

The fourth objective of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the solar cell, wherein the method comprises: sequentially laminating the back plate layer, the first packaging adhesive film layer, the solar cell layer, the second packaging adhesive film layer and the first glass layer and then carrying out vacuum lamination;

preferably, the vacuum bonding pressure is 30 to 70kPa, such as 35kPa, 40kPa, 45kPa, 50kPa, 55kPa, 60kPa, 65kPa, or the like, but is not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the range of values are also applicable, preferably 50 kPa.

Preferably, the temperature of the vacuum pressing is 80-200 ℃, such as 90 ℃, 100 ℃, 110 ℃, 120 ℃, 130 ℃, 140 ℃, 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃, 180 ℃ or 190 ℃, but not limited to the recited values, and other values in the range of the values are also applicable, preferably 120 ℃.

Preferably, the vacuum pressing time is 5-20 min, such as 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min, 10min, 11min, 12min, 13min, 14min, 15min, 16min, 17min, 18min or 19min, but not limited to the enumerated values, and other non-enumerated values in the numerical range are also applicable, preferably 10 min.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention provides a colored packaging adhesive film and a preparation method thereof, wherein the colored packaging adhesive film contains rare earth element doped perovskite quantum dots, so that the conversion efficiency of a solar cell can be improved to 25%, and the service life of the solar cell is prolonged;

(2) the invention provides a colored packaging adhesive film and a preparation method thereof, wherein the color of the colored packaging adhesive film can be conveniently and quickly adjusted by adjusting the components and the concentration of perovskite quantum dots, so that the production requirements are met, and solar cells with different colors are prepared.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a color packaging adhesive film according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the transmittance test of the color encapsulant films prepared in examples 1 and 6 of the present invention and comparative example 1;

in the figure: 1-rare earth doped perovskite quantum dots, 2-transparent resin, 3-a first glass layer, 4-a second packaging adhesive film layer, 5-a second packaging adhesive film layer, 6-a first packaging adhesive film layer and 7-a back plate layer.

The present invention is described in further detail below. The following examples are merely illustrative of the present invention and do not represent or limit the scope of the claims, which are defined by the claims.

Detailed Description

To better illustrate the invention and to facilitate the understanding of the technical solutions thereof, typical but non-limiting examples of the invention are as follows:

example 1

The embodiment provides a preparation method of a color packaging adhesive film, which comprises the following steps:

doping rare earth with perovskite quantum dots CsPbBr₃Uniformly mixing 10g of Yb (7%) and 500g of POE master batch, adding the raw materials into a double-screw melt extruder, heating to 260 ℃, extruding and casting under the pressure of 45MPa, and obtaining the green POE packaging adhesive film with the thickness of 500 mu m, wherein the casting speed is 2 m/min.

The embodiment provides a preparation method of a solar cell, which comprises the following steps:

sequentially laminating an aluminum alloy back plate, a transparent POE packaging adhesive film, a crystalline silicon battery piece, a green POE packaging adhesive film and ultra-white glass, wherein a butyl adhesive layer is arranged at the edge of the glass, the thickness of the butyl adhesive layer is 500 mu m, and the width of the butyl adhesive layer is 5 mm; and (3) performing vacuum pressing at 120 ℃ and 50kPa for 10min to obtain the solar cell.

Example 2

The embodiment provides a preparation method of a color packaging adhesive film, which comprises the following steps:

doping rare earth with perovskite quantum dots CsPbBr₃0.5g of Yb (7%) and 500g of POE master batch are uniformly mixed, the raw materials are added into a double-screw melt extruder, the temperature is raised to 150 ℃, the mixture is extruded and cast under the pressure of 50MPa, and the casting speed is 2m/min, so that the green POE packaging adhesive film with the thickness of 200 mu m is obtained.

The embodiment provides a preparation method of a solar cell, which comprises the following steps:

sequentially laminating an aluminum alloy back plate, a transparent POE packaging adhesive film, a crystalline silicon battery piece, a green POE packaging adhesive film and ultra-white glass, wherein a butyl adhesive layer is arranged at the edge of the glass, the thickness of the butyl adhesive layer is 500 mu m, and the width of the butyl adhesive layer is 5 mm; and (3) carrying out vacuum pressing at 80 ℃ and 70kPa for 10min to obtain the solar cell.

Example 3

The embodiment provides a preparation method of a color packaging adhesive film, which comprises the following steps:

doping rare earth with perovskite quantum dots CsPbBr₃50g of Yb (7%) and 500g of POE master batch are uniformly mixed, the raw materials are added into a double-screw melt extruder, the temperature is increased to 300 ℃, the mixture is extruded and cast under the pressure of 30MPa, and the casting speed is 2m/min, so that the green POE packaging adhesive film with the thickness of 800 mu m is obtained.

The embodiment provides a preparation method of a solar cell, which comprises the following steps:

sequentially laminating an aluminum alloy back plate, a transparent POE packaging adhesive film, a crystalline silicon battery piece, a green POE packaging adhesive film and ultra-white glass, wherein a butyl adhesive layer is arranged at the edge of the glass, the thickness of the butyl adhesive layer is 500 mu m, and the width of the butyl adhesive layer is 5 mm; and (3) carrying out vacuum pressing for 10min at 200 ℃ and 30kPa to obtain the solar cell.

Example 4

This example was carried out under the same conditions as example 1 except that POE was replaced with PVB of equal quality.

Example 5

The present example was carried out under the same conditions as in example 1, except that POE was replaced with EVA having an equal mass.

Example 6

This example is carried out except that the perovskite quantum dots used are 5g of green perovskite quantum dots CsPbBr₃Yb (7%) and 5g of red perovskite quantum dots CsPbBrI₂Except for Yb (7%) and Ce (2%), the same conditions as in example 1 were used.

Example 7

This example except that the perovskite quantum dot used was CsPbBr₃Except for Yb (7%) Pr (4%), the other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 8

This example except that the perovskite quantum dot used was CsPbBr₃Except for Yb (6%) Pr (4%) Ce (3%), the other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 9

This example except that the perovskite quantum dot used was CsPbBr_1.5I_1.5Except for Yb (6%) Pr (4%) Ce (3%), the other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Example 10

This example uses CsPbI as the perovskite quantum dot, except that₃Except for Yb (6%) Pr (4%) Ce (3%), the other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 1

This comparative example was the same as example 1 except that no perovskite quantum dots were added.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example is prepared by replacing perovskite quantum dots with CsPbBr with equal mass₃Otherwise (i.e., without rare earth element doping), the other conditions were the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 3

The comparative example is the same as example 1 except that the perovskite quantum dots are replaced by green CdSe/ZnS quantum dots.

The solar cells provided in examples 1 to 13 and comparative examples 1 to 3 were tested for conversion efficiency and short-circuit current, and the results are shown in table 1.

The conversion efficiency and short circuit current were tested by an IV tester.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, examples 1 to 10 of the present invention provide a colored encapsulant film and a solar cell prepared by using the encapsulant film, the conversion efficiency of the solar cell can reach more than 25%, and the short-circuit current can reach 44.0mA/cm²And has excellent performance. In contrast, the packaging adhesive film of comparative example 1 without perovskite quantum dots has a conversion efficiency of only 22.0% and a short-circuit current of 39.0mA/cm²(ii) a Comparative example 2 perovskite quantum dots CsPbBr for rare earth element doping₃The conversion efficiency is only 20.5 percent, and the short-circuit current is 36.0mA/cm²Performance evenLower than comparative example 1 where no quantum dots were used; comparative example 3 had a conversion efficiency of only 22.0% and a short-circuit current of 39.0mA/cm²The conversion efficiency is only 20.4 percent, and the short-circuit current is 35.8mA/cm²The performance is similar to that of comparative example 2.

The applicant declares that the present invention illustrates the detailed structural features of the present invention through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must be implemented depending on the above detailed structural features. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modifications of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected components of the present invention, additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.

The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, however, the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the technical idea of the present invention, and these simple modifications are within the protective scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that the various technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction, and the invention is not described in any way for the possible combinations in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.

In addition, any combination of the various embodiments of the present invention is also possible, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present invention as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present invention.