阅读说明：本技术 一种道床全断面整形方法 (Full-section shaping method for ballast bed ) 是由 马锐 杜永胜 羊怀茂 崇富权 王宁 李智勇 吴育 陈晋 曹智焘 赵全婧 杜辉 于 2021-07-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种道床全断面整形方法,属于铁路维护技术领域,其步骤包括1)道床边坡整形；2)道床顶面整形；3)道床砟肩堆高整形；4)重复步骤1)、步骤2)和步骤3),直至道床全断面整形作业完成。本发明的方法针对大型配砟整形车没有覆盖的地段的道床整形作业实现了机械化,通过机械代替人工作业,节省了劳动力,提高了道床整形效率。(The invention provides a full-section shaping method of a ballast bed, which belongs to the technical field of railway maintenance and comprises the steps of 1) shaping a side slope of the ballast bed; 2) shaping the top surface of the ballast bed; 3) piling and shaping ballast shoulders of the ballast bed; 4) and (4) repeating the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3) until the full-section shaping operation of the ballast bed is completed. The method realizes mechanization for the track bed shaping operation of the large ballast-distributing shaping vehicle in the section without coverage, saves labor force and improves the track bed shaping efficiency by replacing manual operation with machinery.)

1. A full-section shaping method of a ballast bed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) shaping a ballast bed side slope:

adjusting the axial angle of the middle plough (5) relative to the ballast bed, the deflection angle of the first side plough (4) relative to the middle plough (5) and the deflection angle of the second side plough (6) relative to the middle plough (5) to drive the middle plough (5), the first side plough (4) and the second side plough (6) to move along the track line to shape the ballast bed side slope;

2) shaping the top surface of the ballast bed:

adjusting the deflection angle of the first side plough (4) relative to the middle plough (5) and the deflection angle of the second side plough (6) relative to the middle plough (5), so that an acute angle is formed between the working surface of the first side plough (4) and the working surface of the middle plough (5), an acute angle is formed between the working surface of the second side plough (6) and the working surface of the middle plough (5), the middle plough (5) is arranged above the track, and the middle plough (5), the first side plough (4) and the second side plough (6) are driven to move along the track line to shape the top surface of the ballast bed;

3) shaping ballast shoulders of the ballast bed;

4) and (4) repeating the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3) until the full-section shaping operation of the ballast bed is completed.

2. The method for full-face shaping of a track bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 1) is specifically:

1.1) connecting the connecting seat (1) with a mechanical arm of the clearing and digging machine, and adjusting the mechanical arm to enable the mechanical arm to be vertical to the middle plough (5);

1.2) adjusting the angle of the middle plough (5), the deflection angle of the first side plough (4) and the deflection angle of the second side plough (6) according to the width of the ballast bed and the slope gradient of the side slope, so that the working surface of the middle plough (5), the working surface of the first side plough (4) and the working surface of the second side plough (6) are all parallel to the ballast bed, the bottom of the working surface of the middle plough (5) is kept to be tightly attached to the slope toe of the ballast bed, the first side plough (4) is driven to deflect inwards by the first hydraulic oil cylinder (2), the included angle between the working surface of the first side plough (4) and the working surface of the middle plough (5) is adjusted, the second side plough (6) is driven to deflect inwards by the second hydraulic oil cylinder (3), the included angle between the working surface of the second side plough (6) and the working surface of the middle plough (5) is adjusted, the middle plough (5), the first side plough (4) and the second side plough (6) are driven by the power of the clearing and digging machine to move backwards along the track line to shape one side slope of the ballast bed;

1.3) repeating the step 1.2) to shape the side slope on the other side of the track bed.

3. The method for shaping the full section of the ballast bed according to claim 2, wherein the first hydraulic cylinder (2) drives the first side plow (4) to deflect outwardly at an angle of 0 ° to 40 °, and the second hydraulic cylinder (3) drives the second side plow (6) to deflect inwardly at an angle of 0 ° to 40 °.

4. A method for full-face shaping of a ballast bed according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the specific process of placing the intermediate plow (5) above the track is: the middle plough (5) is arranged on two rails through a first opening (8) and a second opening (9) on the lower end face of the middle plough (5), rollers are arranged in the first opening (8) and the second opening (9), the wheel face of each roller is matched with the contour shape of the top of each rail, and the wheel face of each roller is tightly attached to the top of each rail, so that the middle plough (5) is arranged above the rails.

5. The method for full-face shaping of a track bed as claimed in claim 4, wherein said step 3) is specifically: according to the shaping requirement of the ballast shoulder, the extension length of a first adjusting plate (7) on the side edge of the bottom of a first side plough (4) and the extension length of a second adjusting plate (10) on the side edge of the bottom of a second side plough (6) are adjusted, and the first side plough (4), a middle plough (5) and the second side plough (6) are driven by a digging machine to move forwards along a track line to shape the ballast shoulder of the ballast bed.

6. The method for shaping the full-face of the ballast bed according to claim 5, wherein the step of shaping the ballast shoulder of the ballast bed is to shape the ballast shoulder of the ballast bed into a pile-up type or a plane type.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of railway maintenance, relates to a railway ballast bed renovation technology, and particularly relates to a full-section shaping method of a ballast bed.

Background

The ballast bed is an important component of the track and is the foundation of the track frame. The track bed refers to a ballast bed layer paved below a railway sleeper and on a roadbed, plays a role of supporting the sleeper, uniformly transmits huge pressure on the upper part of the sleeper to the roadbed, fixes the position of the sleeper, prevents the sleeper from longitudinally moving or transversely moving, and needs to regularly carry out local shaping operation, ballast supplementing shaping operation, screening operation, tamping operation and the like on the track bed after long-time operation, the technology of a large-scale track bed shaping vehicle is mature day by day at present, but aiming at local track bed shaping operation such as disturbed track bed shaping operation in the daily maintenance operation, maintenance and repair process, track bed finishing operation after ballast supplementing, track bed local finishing operation after sleeper replacement and overhaul, and line leveling operation of an irregular part on the track bed, the manual shaping method is mainly used at present, the manual shaping method is used for manually finishing the track bed, and the workload is high, and the repeated operation rate is high, a large amount of labor is needed, and the arrangement efficiency of the ballast bed is low.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems that the existing local ballast bed shaping operation is mainly performed by a manual shaping method at present, the ballast bed is manually finished, the workload is large, the repeated operation rate is high, a large amount of labor force is needed, and the ballast bed finishing efficiency is low, the invention provides a ballast bed full-section shaping method, which has the following specific technical scheme:

a full-section shaping method of a ballast bed comprises the following steps:

1) shaping a ballast bed side slope:

adjusting the axial angle of the middle plough relative to the ballast bed, the deflection angle of the first side plough relative to the middle plough and the deflection angle of the second side plough relative to the middle plough to drive the middle plough, the first side plough and the second side plough to move along the track line to shape the ballast bed side slope;

2) shaping the top surface of the ballast bed:

adjusting the deflection angle of the first side plough relative to the middle plough and the deflection angle of the second side plough relative to the middle plough to enable the working surface of the first side plough and the working surface of the middle plough to form an acute angle, enabling the working surface of the second side plough and the working surface of the middle plough to form an acute angle, placing the middle plough above the track, and driving the middle plough, the first side plough and the second side plough to move along the track line to shape the top surface of the ballast bed;

3) shaping ballast shoulders of the ballast bed;

4) and (4) repeating the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3) until the full-section shaping operation of the ballast bed is completed.

Further limiting, the step 1) is specifically as follows:

1.1) connecting the connecting seat with a mechanical arm of the cleaning and digging machine, and adjusting the mechanical arm to ensure that the mechanical arm is vertical to the middle plough;

1.2) adjusting the angle of the middle plough, the deflection angle of the first side plough and the deflection angle of the second side plough according to the width of a ballast bed and the slope gradient of the slope, enabling the working surface of the middle plough, the working surface of the first side plough and the working surface of the second side plough to be parallel to the ballast bed, keeping the bottom of the working surface of the middle plough to be tightly attached to the slope toe of the ballast bed, driving the first side plough to deflect inwards through a first hydraulic oil cylinder, adjusting the included angle between the working surface of the first side plough and the working surface of the middle plough, driving the second side plough to deflect inwards through a second hydraulic oil cylinder, adjusting the included angle between the working surface of the second side plough and the working surface of the middle plough, and driving the middle plough, the first side plough and the second side plough to move backwards along a track line to shape the slope of the ballast bed through the power of a clearing and digging machine;

1.3) repeating the step 1.2) to shape the side slope on the other side of the track bed.

Further limiting, the first hydraulic oil cylinder drives the first side plough to deflect outwards at an angle of 0-40 degrees, and the second hydraulic oil cylinder drives the second side plough to deflect inwards at an angle of 0-40 degrees.

Further, the specific process of placing the middle plough above the track is as follows: the middle plough is arranged on the two rails through the first opening and the second opening of the lower end face of the middle plough, the rollers are arranged in the first opening and the second opening, the shape of the wheel face of each roller is matched with the shape of the outline of the top of each rail, and the wheel face of each roller is tightly attached to the top of each rail, so that the middle plough is arranged above the rails.

Further limiting, the step 3) is specifically: according to the shaping requirement of the ballast shoulder, the extension length of a first adjusting plate at the bottom side edge of the first side plough and the extension length of a second adjusting plate at the bottom side edge of the second side plough are adjusted, and the first side plough, the middle plough and the second side plough are driven by the digging machine to move forwards along the track line to shape the ballast shoulder of the ballast bed.

Further limiting, the ballast shoulder shaping of the ballast bed is to shape the ballast shoulder of the ballast bed into a pile-up type or a plane type.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention relates to a full-section shaping method of a ballast bed, which comprises the steps of 1) shaping a side slope of the ballast bed; 2) shaping the top surface of the ballast bed; 3) piling and shaping ballast shoulders of the ballast bed; 4) and (4) repeating the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3) until the full-section shaping operation of the ballast bed is completed. According to the full-section shaping method of the track bed, mechanical shaping is realized for local track bed shaping operation, manual operation is replaced by machinery, labor force is saved, and track bed shaping efficiency is improved.

2. According to the full-section shaping method for the ballast bed, when the ballast bed side slope shaping, the ballast bed top surface shaping and the ballast bed ballast shoulder pile height shaping are carried out, only the position of the middle plough needs to be adjusted, the included angle between the working surface of the first side plough and the working surface of the middle plough is adjusted, the extending length of the first adjusting plate and the extending length of the second adjusting plate are adjusted, and different shaping tools do not need to be replaced for different shaping operations such as the ballast bed side slope shaping, the ballast bed top surface shaping and the ballast bed ballast shoulder pile height shaping, so that the whole ballast bed shaping operation is more flexible and convenient, and the time is saved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a first schematic structural view of a track bed shaping device used in the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a second schematic structural view of a track bed shaping device for use in the present invention;

the hydraulic control device comprises a base, a connecting seat, a first hydraulic oil cylinder, a second hydraulic oil cylinder, a first side plough, a middle plough, a second side plough, a first adjusting plate, a first opening, a second adjusting plate, a first hinge shaft and a second hinge shaft, wherein the connecting seat is 1, the first hydraulic oil cylinder is 2, the second hydraulic oil cylinder is 3, the first side plough is 4, the middle plough is 5, the second side plough is 6, the first adjusting plate is 7, the first opening is 8, the second opening is 9, the second opening is 10, the second adjusting plate is 11, the first hinge shaft is 12, and the second hinge shaft is 12.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments explained below.

Examples

Referring to fig. 1-3, the track ballast shaping device used in the present invention comprises a connecting seat 1, a shaping plow, a rotary motor and a hydraulic cylinder, wherein the shaping plow comprises a first side plow 4, a middle plow 5 and a second side plow 6, an adjusting mechanism comprises a first adjusting plate 7 and a second adjusting plate 10, the upper end surface of the middle plow 5 is fixedly connected with the connecting seat 1, two opposite side surfaces of the middle plow 5 are provided with hinge holes, the first side plow 4 is provided with a hinge hole corresponding to the hinge hole on one side of the middle plow 5, the second side plow 6 is provided with a hinge hole corresponding to the hinge hole on the other side of the middle plow 5, the hinge hole on the first side plow 4 and the hinge hole on one side of the middle plow 5 penetrate through a first hinge shaft 11 to hinge the first side plow 4 and the middle plow 5, the hinge hole on the second side plow 6 and the hinge hole on the other side of the middle plow 5 penetrate a second hinge shaft 12 to hinge the second side plow 6 and the middle plow 5, the two end parts of the first articulated shaft 11 and the two end parts of the second articulated shaft 12 are respectively limited through end covers, and the first side plough 4 and the second side plough 6 are respectively arranged on the opposite side surfaces of the middle plough 5; the first hydraulic cylinder 2 is arranged between the first side plough 4 and the middle plough 5, the second hydraulic cylinder 3 is arranged between the second side plough 6 and the middle plough 5, the fixed end of the first hydraulic cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the middle plough 5, the telescopic rod of the first hydraulic cylinder 2 is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the first side plough 4, the fixed end of the second hydraulic cylinder 3 is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the middle plough 5, the telescopic rod of the second hydraulic cylinder 3 is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the second side plough 6, the hinge angle between the middle plough 5 and the first side plough 4 can be adjusted to move within the range of 0-80 degrees through the first hydraulic cylinder 2, and the hinge angle between the middle plough 5 and the second side plough 6 can be adjusted to move within the range of 0-80 degrees through the second hydraulic cylinder 3; an adjusting plate adjusting area is arranged on one side, close to the edge, of the bottom of the first side plough 4, an adjusting plate adjusting area is arranged on one side, close to the edge, of the bottom of the second side plough 6, adjusting plate adjusting bolts are arranged in the adjusting plate adjusting area of the first side plough 4 and the adjusting plate adjusting area of the second side plough 6, the top of the first adjusting plate 7 is movably connected with the first side plough 4 through the adjusting plate adjusting bolts in the adjusting plate adjusting area on the first side plough 4, the top of the second adjusting plate 10 is movably connected with the second side plough 6 through the adjusting plate adjusting bolts in the adjusting plate adjusting area on the second side plough 6, and the lengths of the first side plough 4 and the second side plough 6 extending out of the adjusting plate adjusting areas can be adjusted through the adjusting plate adjusting bolts; be provided with first opening 8 and second opening 9 at the lower terminal surface of well plough 5, the central axis distance between the central axis of first opening 8 and the central axis of second opening 9 is the same with the central axis distance between two rails, and the width of first opening 8 and the width of second opening 9 all are greater than the width at the rail foot of rail, all be connected with the gyro wheel in first opening 8 and second opening 9, the wheel face shape of gyro wheel and the top surface shape of rail coincide each other, can drive the length direction slip of whole track circuit railway roadbed shaping device along the rail through the gyro wheel.

The embodiment of the invention relates to a full-section shaping method of a ballast bed, which comprises the following steps:

1) shaping a ballast bed side slope:

1.1) preparation before construction: the shaping device of the whole track line ballast bed is connected with a mechanical arm on the clearing and digging machine through a connecting seat 1, and the mechanical arm of the clearing and digging machine is adjusted to ensure that the mechanical arm of the clearing and digging machine is vertical to the working surface of a middle plough 5;

1.2) according to the width of a ballast bed and the slope gradient requirement of one side of the ballast bed, if the shaping amount of one side of the ballast bed is large, the shaping requirement of one side of the ballast bed is in a ballast collecting state, wherein the width of the ballast bed is more than 3.3 m, the slope gradient of one side of the ballast bed is less than 1:1.75, the axial angle of the middle plough 5 relative to the ballast bed, the deflection angle of the first side plough 4 relative to the middle plough 5 and the deflection angle of the second side plough 6 relative to the middle plough 5 are adjusted, so that the working surface of the middle plough 5 is parallel to the top surface of the ballast bed, the working surfaces of the first side plough 4 and the second side plough 6 are respectively parallel to slope surfaces of the ballast bed at two corresponding sides, the bottom of the working surface of the middle plough 5 is kept to be tightly attached to the slope foot of the ballast bed, the first side plough 4 is driven to deflect outwards through the first hydraulic oil cylinder 2, and the included angle between the working surface; the second side plough 6 is driven to deflect inwards by the second hydraulic oil cylinder 3, the included angle between the working surface of the second side plough 6 and the working surface of the middle plough 5 is adjusted to be 30 degrees, and the middle plough 5, the first side plough 4 and the second side plough 6 are driven to move backwards along the track line by the power of the clearing and digging machine to shape one side slope of the ballast bed;

1.3) according to the width of the track bed and the slope gradient requirement of the other side of the track bed, if the shaping amount of one side of the track bed is small, the shaping requirement of one side of the track bed is in a ballast supplementing state; the slope of the other side of the ballast bed is specifically larger than 1:1.75, the angle of the middle plough 5, the deflection angle of the first side plough 4 relative to the middle plough 5 and the deflection angle of the second side plough 6 relative to the middle plough 5 are adjusted, so that the working surface of the middle plough 5 is parallel to the top surface of the ballast bed, the working surfaces of the first side plough 4 and the second side plough 6 are respectively parallel to slope surfaces of the ballast bed at two corresponding sides, the bottom of the working surface of the middle plough 5 is kept to be tightly attached to the slope foot of the ballast bed, the first side plough 4 is driven by the first hydraulic oil cylinder 2 to deflect outwards, and the included angle between the working surface of the first side plough 4 and the working surface of the middle plough 5 is adjusted to be 10 degrees; the second side plough 6 is driven to deflect inwards by the second hydraulic oil cylinder 3, the included angle between the working surface of the second side plough 6 and the working surface of the middle plough 5 is adjusted to be 10 degrees, and the middle plough 5, the first side plough 4 and the second side plough 6 are driven to move backwards along the track line by the power of the clearing and digging machine to shape the side slope on the other side of the ballast bed;

2) shaping the top surface of the ballast bed:

the first side plough 4 is driven to deflect inwards through the first hydraulic oil cylinder 2, and the included angle between the working surface of the first side plough 4 and the working surface of the middle plough 5 is adjusted to be 40 degrees; the second side plough 6 is driven to deflect inwards through the second hydraulic oil cylinder 3, and the included angle between the working surface of the second side plough 6 and the working surface of the middle plough 5 is adjusted to be 40 degrees; keeping the working surface of the middle plough 5 to be attached to the top surface of the ballast bed, enabling the middle plough 5 to ride on two rails through a first opening 8 and a second opening 9 on the lower end surface of the middle plough 5, placing the middle plough 5 right above the rails, enabling the whole track line ballast bed shaping device to stably move forwards along the track line through rollers in the first opening 8 and the second opening 9, and shaping the top surface of the ballast bed by driving the middle plough 5, the first side plough 4 and the second side plough 6 to move along the track line through the power of the clearing and digging machine;

3) shaping ballast shoulders of the ballast bed:

adjusting ballast shoulders of a ballast bed into a piling height type, wherein the piling height of the ballast shoulders is 150 mm, keeping an included angle between a working surface of a first side plough 4 and a working surface of a middle plough 5 and an included angle between a working surface of a second side plough 6 and a working surface of the middle plough 5 the same as the shaping operation of the top surface of the ballast bed, adjusting the extension length of a first adjusting plate 7 at the bottom side of the first side plough 4 to be 0 mm, adjusting the extension length of a second adjusting plate 10 at the bottom side of the second side plough 6 to be 0 mm, and driving the first side plough 4, the middle plough 5 and the second side plough 6 to move forwards along a track line through the power of a clearing and digging machine to shape the piling height of the ballast shoulders of the ballast bed;

4) and (4) repeating the step 1), the step 2) and the step 3) until the full-section shaping operation of the ballast bed is completed.

According to specific construction requirements, the ballast shoulder of the ballast bed in the step 3) can be shaped by adjusting the ballast shoulder of the ballast bed to be a plane, adjusting the extension length of a first adjusting plate 7 at the side edge of the bottom of the first side plough 4 to be 140 mm, adjusting the extension length of a second adjusting plate 10 at the side edge of the bottom of the second side plough 6 to be 140 mm, and driving the first side plough 4, the middle plough 5 and the second side plough 6 to move forwards along a track line by the power of the clearing and digging machine to shape the plane of the ballast shoulder of the ballast bed.

The included angle between the working surface of the first side plough 4 and the working surface of the middle plough 5 in the embodiment can be adjusted within the range of 0-40 degrees, and can be selected according to specific construction requirements, and the included angle can be respectively 0 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees and 40 degrees; the included angle between the working surface of the second side plough 6 and the working surface of the middle plough 5 can be adjusted within the range of 0-40 degrees, and can be selected according to specific construction requirements, wherein the included angle can be respectively 0 degree, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees, 35 degrees and 40 degrees; the extension length of the first adjusting plate 7 at the bottom side of the first side plough 4 can be selected between 0 mm and 140 mm according to specific construction requirements; the extension length of the second adjusting plate 10 at the bottom side of the second side plough 6 can be selected between 0 mm and 140 mm according to specific construction requirements; meanwhile, when the ballast bed shaping operation is carried out, the sequence of the ballast bed side slope shaping, the ballast bed top surface shaping and the ballast bed ballast shoulder pile height shaping can be adjusted according to the on-site ballast bed shaping requirement, and the shaping requirement of the ballast bed side slope shaping, the shaping requirement of the ballast bed top surface shaping and the shaping requirement of the ballast bed ballast shoulder pile height shaping can be adjusted according to the specific construction requirement without being limited by the embodiment.

The working surfaces of the first side plough 4 and the second side plough 6 are the surfaces of the first side plough 4 and the second side plough 6 opposite to the side slope of the ballast bed respectively, and the working surface of the middle plough 5 is the surface of the middle plough 5 opposite to the top surface of the ballast bed.