阅读说明：本技术 一种羧酸类化合物作为萃取剂的应用和金属离子萃取方法 (Application of carboxylic acid compound as extracting agent and metal ion extraction method ) 是由 王雪 于 2020-05-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种羧酸类化合物作为萃取剂的应用和金属离子萃取方法,所述羧酸类化合物具有式I所示的结构。式I所示的萃取剂的特点于羧基α位的仲碳,区别于α位的伯碳羧酸和α位的叔碳羧酸,仲碳羧酸的存在带来了恰当的位阻,对离子有较好的选择性,用于金属离子的萃取分离时,分离系数高,反萃酸度低,负载率高；并且,式I的羧酸类化合物稳定性高、水溶性低,使得萃取工艺稳定,可以减少环境污染、降低成本,具有重大的应用前景。(The invention relates to application of a carboxylic acid compound as an extracting agent and a metal ion extraction method, wherein the carboxylic acid compound has a structure shown in a formula I. The extractant shown in the formula I is characterized in that the extractant is secondary carbon at alpha position of carboxyl, is different from primary carbon carboxylic acid at alpha position and tertiary carbon carboxylic acid at alpha position, has proper steric hindrance due to the existence of the secondary carbon carboxylic acid, has better selectivity on ions, and has high separation coefficient, low back extraction acidity and high loading rate when being used for extraction separation of metal ions; in addition, the carboxylic acid compound of the formula I has high stability and low water solubility, so that the extraction process is stable, the environmental pollution can be reduced, the cost is reduced, and the method has great application prospects.)

1. The application of carboxylic acid compounds as an extracting agent is characterized in that the carboxylic acid compounds have a structure shown as a formula I:

in the formula I, m + n is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 22, and m and n are positive integers.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that 10. ltoreq. m + n. ltoreq.20.

3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein m and n are each independently an integer from 2 to 20.

4. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein m and n are each independently an integer from 2 to 10.

5. The use according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said carboxylic acid compounds comprise any one or a combination of at least two of the following compounds:

6. the use according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the carboxylic acid compounds are used for the extractive separation of metal ions;

preferably, the metal ion comprises Fe³⁺、Al³⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺、Co²⁺、Mn²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Li⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Cr³⁺、Ga³⁺、In³⁺、Ti⁴⁺、Sc³⁺、Y³⁺、La³⁺、Ce³⁺、Pr³⁺、Nd³⁺、Sm³⁺、Eu³⁺、Gd³⁺、Tb³⁺、Dy³⁺、Ho³⁺、Er³⁺、Tm³⁺、Yb³⁺Or Lu³⁺Any one or a combination of at least two of them.

7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the metal ions comprise non-ferrous metal ions and/or rare earth metal ions.

8. The use of claim 6 or 7, wherein in the extraction separation, the anion compatible with the metal ion in the extracted liquid comprises Cl^—、SO₄ ^2—Or NO₃ ^—Any one or a combination of at least two of;

preferably, the carboxylic acid compounds are applied to the extraction and separation of metal ions in waste lithium ion battery positive electrode materials, nickel-cobalt-containing waste residues or nickel laterite ores.

9. An extracted organic phase, which is characterized in that the extracted organic phase contains carboxylic acid compounds shown as formula I;

in the formula I, m + n is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 22, and m and n are positive integers;

preferably, the extracted organic phase also contains a diluent;

preferably, the concentration of the carboxylic acid compounds shown in the formula I in the extracted organic phase is 0.1-2.0 mol/L.

10. A metal ion extraction process, characterized in that the extraction process comprises the steps of:

extracting the organic phase containing metal ions by using the extraction organic phase as claimed in claim 9, and back-extracting the obtained loaded organic phase to obtain a metal ion enriched solution and a regenerated organic phase;

preferably, the stripping agent of the stripping comprises hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid;

preferably, the concentration of hydrochloric acid used for back extraction is 1-4 mol/L;

preferably, the concentration of the sulfuric acid used for back extraction is 0.5-4 mol/L;

preferably, the volume ratio of the extraction organic phase to the extraction phase is 1: 10-10: 1;

preferably, the volume ratio of the loaded organic phase to the stripping agent is 1: 10-10: 1.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of wet metallurgy, in particular to application of a carboxylic acid compound as an extracting agent and a metal ion extraction method, and particularly relates to application of the carboxylic acid compound as the extracting agent in wet metallurgy and a metal ion extraction method.

Background

The solvent extraction method has the advantages of good selectivity, high metal recovery rate, high mass transfer rate and the like, is an important link for enrichment, refining, separation, purification and the like of valuable metals such as nonferrous metals, rare earth elements and the like in industry, and has been continuously concerned and developed by a plurality of researchers all the time. However, with the urgency of environmental protection and resource recycling, higher requirements are put forward on the performances of energy consumption, acid consumption, pollution discharge, capacity and the like of an extraction system, and in order to meet higher requirements, an extractant with more excellent performance has strong practical requirements.

Although a large amount of extracting agents such as phosphorus, amine, carboxylic acid and the like exist in the field of solvent extraction, with the development of society, the performance of the existing extracting agents cannot meet the requirements of new raw materials, components to be separated, environment or economic cost. Therefore, research related to improvement of the existing extraction system or development of a new extraction system is being focused. For example: the P507/P204 hydrochloric acid system is widely used for separating rare earth, but the P507/P204 hydrochloric acid system has poor regeneration performance on heavy rare earth, high back extraction acidity and serious pollution; c272 is used for separating nickel and cobalt, but for the recovery of the novel lithium ion battery nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material, the process is complicated because the C272 preferentially extracts calcium and magnesium before extracting nickel; the performance of naphthenic acid can not meet the requirement of extracting, separating and purifying yttrium from rare earth mixture, and an extractant capable of replacing naphthenic acid needs to be developed; the amine extractant such as N1923, N235 and the like can extract acid in the process of extracting metals, so that three phases are easily formed, and the process is not well controlled.

Compared with phosphorus and amine extractants, carboxylic acids used for extracting metal ions have the most obvious characteristics of low price, rich sources, low acid consumption and more environmental friendliness, and various carboxylic acid extractants are reported to be used for extracting metals in recent years. For example, Versatic 10 and Versatic 911(CN110029226A is a method for recovering valuable metals from waste ternary lithium ion positive electrode materials) and neodecanoic acid and hydrocarbonoxy acetic acid (CN93112500.6 extraction agent for separating rare earth metals). However, when Versatic 10, Versatic 911 and neodecanoic acid are used for extraction of nickel, cobalt, manganese and other non-ferrous metals or rare earth during extraction, the extractant is greatly dissolved in a water phase, so that the process is unstable, the environment is polluted, the cost is high, the product is difficult to purify and the like; alkoxyoxyacetic acids have been tried to extract yttrium from rare earth mixtures instead of naphthenic acids (Y3)⁺) But will undergo esterification reaction with the phase modifier alcohol during extraction (Yanliang Wang)Deqian Li et al separation and Purification Technology 82(2011) 197-201), the effective extractant concentration will gradually decrease, and no industrial application has been realized at present.

The results show that the carboxylic acid extractant has various unique advantages compared with phosphorus and amine extractants, but the application or development of the reported carboxylic acid extractant is greatly limited due to the solubility, stability and the like of the carboxylic acid extractant, so that the novel efficient carboxylic acid extractant has great application prospect and great economic, environmental and social values.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the application of the carboxylic acid compound as the extracting agent, in particular to the application of the carboxylic acid compound as the extracting agent in hydrometallurgy. The carboxylic acid compound is used as an extracting agent, has better selectivity on ions, low back extraction acidity, and has the advantages of high stability, low water solubility, low cost and the like.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides an application of a carboxylic acid compound as an extracting agent, wherein the carboxylic acid compound has a structure shown in a formula I;

in formula I, 10 ≦ m + n ≦ 22, such as 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and the like, and m and n are positive integers.

The carboxylic acid extractant shown in the formula I can be extracted from natural substances or synthesized by a conventional method, and the extractant used for extraction can be a mixture of one or more carboxylic acids.

Illustratively, the compounds of formula I may be prepared by the oxidation of the corresponding alcohol of formula I to the carboxylic acid and ketone in acetone with chromic acid. The oxidant in this reaction is also known as jones' reagent, a solution of chromium trioxide in concentrated sulfuric acid. The synthetic route of the compound of the formula I is as follows:

preferably, 10. ltoreq. m + n. ltoreq.20.

Preferably, m and n are each independently an integer of 2 to 20, such as 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and the like.

Preferably, m and n are each independently an integer of 2 to 10.

Preferably, the carboxylic acid compounds include any one or at least two of the following compounds in combination:

preferably, the carboxylic acid compounds are applied to the extraction separation of metal ions.

The extractant of the formula I is preferably used for extracting metal ions, because the compound of the formula I is characterized in that the secondary carbon at the alpha position of carboxyl is different from primary carboxylic acid at the alpha position and tertiary carboxylic acid at the alpha position, and the existence of the secondary carboxylic acid brings proper steric hindrance and has better selectivity on ions, thereby realizing effective extraction and separation of the metal ions.

Preferably, the metal ion comprises Fe³⁺、Al³⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺、Co²⁺、Mn²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Li⁺、Na⁺、K⁺、Cr³⁺、Ga³⁺、In³⁺、Ti⁴⁺、Sc³⁺、Y³⁺、La³⁺、Ce³⁺、Pr³⁺、Nd³⁺、Sm³⁺、Eu³⁺、Gd³⁺、Tb³⁺、Dy³⁺、Ho³⁺、Er³⁺、Tm³⁺、Yb³⁺Or Lu³⁺Any one or a combination of at least two of them.

On the basis of no violating the common knowledge in the field, the extraction separation of the above elements can be accompanied by the conventional ions in the feed liquid, and the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.

Preferably, the metal ions include non-ferrous metal ions and/or rare earth metal ions.

Preferably, in the extraction separation, anions compatible with the metal ions in the extracted feed liquid comprise Cl^—、SO₄ ^2—Or NO₃ ^—Any one or a combination of at least two of them.

Preferably, the carboxylic acid compounds are applied to the extraction and separation of metal ions in waste lithium ion battery positive electrode materials, nickel-cobalt-containing waste residues or nickel laterite ores.

The other purpose of the invention is to provide an extracted organic phase, wherein the extracted organic phase contains carboxylic acid compounds shown in formula I;

in formula I, 10 ≦ m + n ≦ 22, such as 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and the like, and m and n are positive integers.

Preferably, the organic phase further comprises a diluent.

Preferably, the extraction organic phase also contains a diluent, and preferably the diluent comprises any one or at least two of solvent naphtha, kerosene, toluene, Escaid110, hexane, heptane or dodecane; the solvent oil comprises solvent oil No. 200 or No. 260 (namely sulfonated kerosene), and the dodecane is n-dodecane.

Preferably, the concentration of the carboxylic acid compound represented by formula I in the extracted organic phase is 0.1-2.0 mol/L, such as 0.2mol/L, 0.3mol/L, 0.4mol/L, 0.8mol/L, 1.0mol/L, 2.0mol/L, etc.

The invention also aims to provide a metal ion extraction method, which comprises the following steps:

and (3) extracting the organic phase containing the second extraction phase relative to the extraction phase containing the metal ions, and performing back extraction on the obtained loaded organic phase to obtain a metal ion enriched solution and a regenerated organic phase.

Preferably, the stripping agent of the stripping comprises hydrochloric acid and/or sulfuric acid.

Preferably, the concentration of hydrochloric acid used for stripping is 1-4 mol/L, such as 1.5mol/L, 2mol/L, 2.5mol/L, 3mol/L, 3.5mol/L and the like.

Preferably, the concentration of the sulfuric acid used for the stripping is 0.5-4 mol/L, such as 1mol/L, 2mol/L, 3mol/L and the like.

Preferably, the volume ratio (O/a) of the extracted organic phase to the extract phase is 1:10 to 10:1, such as 2:9, 3:8, 4:7, 5:6, 6:5, 7:4, 8:3, 9:2, and the like.

Preferably, the volume ratio (O/A) of the loaded organic phase and the stripping agent is 1: 10-10: 1, such as 2:9, 3:8, 4:7, 5:6, 6:5, 7:4, 8:3, 9:2, etc., and the stripping is carried out once or for multiple times.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) when the extractant shown in the formula I is applied to extraction separation of metal ions, the separation coefficient is high (compared with Versatic 10, the separation coefficient is about 20-30%), and the back extraction acidity is low (the back extraction rate of back extraction by 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid)>99 percent) and high load rate (to Ni)²⁺The saturation capacity of about 16.9g/L), etc.;

(2) the carboxylic acid compound shown in the formula I has high stability and low water solubility (the content of extracted oil is about 100mg/L when the equilibrium pH of an extraction system is 8-9), so that the extraction process is stable, the environmental pollution can be reduced, and the cost can be reduced;

(3) the extractant shown in the formula I has low cost and great application prospect, and can be used for various systems such as recovery of ternary batteries, preparation of battery-grade nickel sulfate and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a plot of the extraction E% -pH of the extractant 191 for each ion in example 1.

FIG. 2 is a plot of the extraction E% -pH of each ion by the extractant 195 in example 2.

FIG. 3 is a plot of the extraction E% -pH of extractant 196 for each ion in example 3 with an O/A of 5: 1.

FIG. 4 is a plot of the extraction E% -pH of extractant 196 for each ion in example 3 with an O/A of 8: 1.

FIG. 5 is a plot of the extraction E% -pH of the extractant 196 for each ion in example 4.

FIG. 6 is a plot of the extraction E% -pH of nickel and magnesium ions by extractant 191 from example 5.

FIG. 7 is a plot of stearic acid extraction E% -pH for each ion in comparative example 4.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of facilitating an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will now be described by way of examples. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.

The following examples are used for experiments involving source information:

potentiometric titration of the acid content of the product, according to the literature: bearing industry, humifuse euphorbia; study of organophosphorus Compounds σ of Long-carbon-chain alkyl and alkoxy groups of XVI phosphorus Compound^pConstant and group connectivity [ J]Journal of chemistry, 1986, 44, 590-; potentiometric titrators: switzerland wantong 907 Titrando.

In the embodiment of the invention, the aqueous phase is prepared by a conventional method, and the preparation method comprises the steps of weighing a certain mass of salt (the salt is selected according to the acid used for back extraction, for example, sulfuric acid is used for back extraction, and sulfate iron is selected), dissolving the salt in deionized water, and diluting to a certain concentration.

In the present embodiment, "saponification" refers to the conversion of hydrogen ions in a carboxylic acid extractant to alkali metal ions and/or NH₄ ⁺(exchange with metal ions to effect extraction), the proportion of saponification refers to alkali metal and/or NH₄ ⁺The proportion of the hydrogen ions in the prior art is as follows: mixing the organic phase with an aqueous alkali solution. The molar concentration of the aqueous solution of the alkali is 6mo 1/L-14 mol/L, and the alkali can be conventional alkali in the field, and is preferably free of alkaliAn organic base and/or an organic base. The inorganic base is preferably sodium hydroxide and/or potassium hydroxide. The organic base is preferably aqueous ammonia.

In the examples of the present invention, after extraction, the concentration of metal ions in the aqueous phase was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and the concentration of metal ions in the organic phase was calculated by the subtraction method.

The starting materials for which the preparation methods are not provided in the following examples are commercially available.

The following synthetic example 1 exemplarily shows a specific preparation method and characterization data of the carboxylic acid-based compound represented by formula I.

Synthesis example 1

Synthesis of extractant 196:

the method comprises the following steps: 153g of hexadecanol (about 200mL) is added into a round-bottom flask, 300mL of acetone with the volume of 1.5 times is added, a Jones reagent is slowly added, the temperature is started to be 8 ℃, the solution turns green after the addition, when the temperature rises to 14 ℃, the dropping speed is reduced, the temperature is constant to 14 ℃, and when the temperature drops to 13 ℃, the dropping speed is accelerated, the stirring is continuously carried out, the temperature rises to indicate that the reaction is continued, the solution can be observed to be not separated from phases, the temperature is stabilized at 15 ℃ after the ice is added, the stirring is accelerated, the temperature can be continuously raised, the stirring temperature is stopped to be stabilized at 19 ℃, a plate is dotted to obtain a product, the product is dissolved by dichloromethane, then diluted acid, diluted alkali and distilled water are respectively used for washing, and the dichloromethane is steamed after the oil-water separation, so that the extracting agent 196 is obtained.

Characterization data:¹³C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ183.50(s),77.43–76.83(m),76.67(s),45.65(s),32.31–31.38(m),29.37(dd,J＝25.0,8.9Hz),27.35(d,J＝3.4Hz),22.63(d,J＝5.9Hz),14.02(d,J＝4.4Hz)；1H NMR(400MHz,cdcl3)δ2.24(1H),1.70(4H),1.45(20H),0.85(6H)；MS:256.2.

example 1

The extraction performance of the extracting agent 191 on nonferrous metal ions is as follows:

the structure of the extracting agent 191 is as follows:(m-10, n-6, acid content 90%).

The extractant 191 is dissolved in dodecane to prepare 0.2mol/L organic phase, and 0.01mol/L Cu is respectively prepared²⁺、Zn^{2 +}、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺、Co²⁺、Mn²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Li⁺As the aqueous phase. Under the condition that the ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase is 1:1, the pH is controlled by 6mol/L sodium hydroxide saponification (Table 1), after extraction, the extraction rate E% -pH curve of the extracting agent 191 to each ion is obtained (FIG. 1), and the separation coefficient of the extracting agent 191 to each ion is shown in Table 2.

Table 1: extracting agent 191 extracts the pH of each ion_1/2

	Cu2+	Zn2+	Cd2+	Ni2+	Co2+	Mn2+	Ca2+	Mg2+	Li+
										pH1/2	4.49	5.91	6.38	6.85	7.00	7.01	7.32	7.59	9.75

Table 2: separation coefficient between extracting agent 191 and each ion

As can be seen from Table 2, the extracting agent 191 extracts and separates Cu ions²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺、Ni²⁺、Co²⁺、Mn²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、Li⁺The separation coefficients between the two are all larger than 1, and separation can be realized.

FIG. 1 shows that the extraction order of the extractant 191 for nickel-cobalt ions is prior to calcium-magnesium, and the separation coefficient of nickel-cobalt and magnesium is high, so the extractant can be applied to separation of non-ferrous metal ions and impurity metal ions.

Example 2

Extraction performance of the extractant 195 on trivalent ions:

the structure of the extractant 195 is:(m-7, n-5, acid content 93%)。

The extractant 195 is dissolved in toluene to prepare 0.1mol/L organic phase, and 0.005mol/L Fe is respectively prepared³⁺、Ga³⁺、In³⁺、Sc³⁺、Cr³⁺、Al³⁺、Lu³⁺、Ho³⁺、Gd³⁺The chloride solution of (a) as the aqueous phase. The pH was controlled by 8mol/L sodium hydroxide saponification under conditions where the organic phase was 1:1 as compared to the aqueous phase (Table 3), and after extraction, the extraction rate E% -pH curve of each ion by the extractant 195 was obtained (FIG. 2).

Table 3: extracting agent 195 for extracting pH of each ion_1/2

Table 4: separation coefficient between extractant 195 and respective ions

	Fe3+	Ga3+	In3+	Sc3+	Cr3+	Lu3+	Ho3+
								Ga3+	95.50
In3+	177.83	1.86
								Sc3+	1230.27	12.88	6.92
Cr3+	1862.09	19.50	10.47	1.51
								Al3+	95499.26	1000.00	537.03	77.62	51.29
Ho3+	/	/	/	/	/	3.98
								Gd3+	/	/	/	/	/	15.85	3.98

As can be seen from FIG. 2 and Table 4, the extractant 195 extracts and separates Fe ions³⁺、Ga³⁺、In³⁺、Sc³⁺、Cr³⁺、Al³⁺、Lu³⁺、Ho³⁺、Gd³⁺The separation coefficients are all larger than 1, and the rare earth ions can be effectively separated, which indicates that the extractant can be applied to separation of the rare earth ions.

Example 3

The extraction performance of the extractant 196 on Ni/Co/Mn/Ca/Mg mixed ions in the battery feed liquid is as follows:

extractant 196 has the structure:(m-6, n-8, obtained by oxidation of alcohol, acid content 97%).

An extractant 196 is dissolved in Escaid110 to prepare a 0.6mol/L organic phase, a battery feed liquid contains Ni (46.20g/L), Co (20.56g/L), Mn (23.93g/L), Ca (0.43g/L) and Mg (0.21g/L), under the condition that the organic phase (O) is compared with the water phase (A) by 5:1 and 8:1, pH is controlled by saponification of 10mol/L NaOH, and after extraction, an extraction rate E% -pH curve of the extractant 196 to each ion is obtained (figure 3 and figure 4).

Fig. 3 and 4 show that 196 selectively extracts Ni, Co, Mn with higher separation from Ca, Mg at pH <7.2 in the cell feed solution system; when the O/A is 8:1 and the pH is more than 6.8 (figure 4), Ni, Co and Mn in the battery feed liquid can be almost completely extracted, and the extraction rates of Ca and Mg are low. The experiment proves that the extracting agent 196 has feasible application value in the aspect of recycling the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material of the battery.

Example 4

Extraction performance of the extractant 196 on rare earth ions:

the extractant 196 is dissolved in dodecane to prepare 2mol/L organic phase, and mixed ion La is prepared³⁺、Ce³⁺、Nd³⁺、Y³⁺、Yb³⁺Chloride solution, the concentration of each ion is 0.01 mol/L. Under the condition that the ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase is 1:1, the pH is controlled by saponification of 10mol/L ammonia water, and after extraction, the extraction rate E% -pH curve of the extracting agent 196 to each ion is obtained, as shown in FIG. 5.

As can be seen from FIG. 5, the extraction capability of the extractant 196 for rare earth ions gradually decreases from heavy rare earth to light rare earth, the extraction sequence is consistent with that of P507, and the separation of rare earth ions can be realized.

Example 5

Extracting the high-magnesium nickel chloride feed liquid by using an extracting agent 191:

the extractant 191 is dissolved in dodecane to prepare a 0.31mol/L organic phase, a water phase is a high-magnesium nickel chloride feed liquid containing 1.33g/L Ni and 4g/L Mg, under the condition that the organic phase is compared with the water phase by a ratio of 1:1, pH is controlled by saponification of 10mol/L NaOH, and after extraction, an extraction rate E% -pH curve of the extractant 191 on nickel and magnesium ions is obtained, as shown in FIG. 6.

As can be seen from fig. 6, the extraction order of the extracting agent 191 for nickel is before that of magnesium, and the separation coefficient of nickel and magnesium is about 833, thereby illustrating that the extracting agent 191 can separate nickel and magnesium.

Example 6

The extraction performance of the extractant 199 on rare earth ions is as follows:

the extractant 199 is a mixed extractant, and consists of the following four compounds:

(m is 8, n is 2, m + n is 10),(m is 7, n is 9, m + n is 16),(m is 10, n is 8, m + n is 18),(m is 10, n is 10, and m + n is 20).

The volume ratio of the four compounds in the extractant 199 is 1:1:1:1, and the acid content is 92.6%.

Extracting agent 199 is dissolved in dodecane to prepare 0.2mol/L organic phase, and mixed ion La is prepared³⁺、Ce³⁺、Nd³⁺、Y^{3 +}、Yb³⁺Nitrate solution, the concentration of each ion was 0.01 mol/L. Compared with the O/A ratio of 1:1, 30% of the solution was saponified by 10mol/L potassium hydroxide, and the extraction rate for each ion was as follows in Table 5:

table 5: extraction rate of 199 extraction agent for each ion

	Nd3+	Ce3+	Yb3+	La3+	Y3+
						pH＝3.89	23.58	17.26	13.87	10.58	9.47

As can be seen from Table 5, extractant 199 was extracted first to remove Y³⁺Except rare earth ions, the rare earth ions are expected to replace naphthenic acid with unstable structure and performance.

Example 7

Extractant 196 to Ni²⁺And (3) testing the saturation capacity:

the experimental method comprises the following steps: a50 mL separating funnel was added with 10mL of 0.6 mol/L196-dodecane organic phase, saponified with 10mol/L NaOH to 60%, and added with 50g/L NiSO₄Shaking and mixing 10mL of water phase for 15 min; separating out the water phase, and adding fresh NiSO 50g/L₄Shaking and mixing 10mL of water phase for 15 min; the foregoing operations are repeated until the ion concentration in the aqueous phase is not changing, at which point the concentration of metal in the organic phase is the saturation capacity of the extractant. Back extracting organic phase to obtain 196 pairs of Ni extractant²⁺Has a saturation capacity of about 16.9 g/L.

Example 8

The back extraction performance of the extractant 192 loaded with rare earth ions is as follows:

the structure of extractant 192 is:(m-8, n-2, obtained by oxidation of an alcohol, acid content 95%).

The extractant 192 is dissolved in dodecane to prepare 0.6mol/L organic phase and 0.30mol/L Lu³⁺Saponifying the chloride solution with 9mol/L ammonia water to 60% and extracting to obtain 192 organic phase loaded with 0.10mol/L Lu, and back-extracting the organic phase with 1.0mol/L hydrochloric acid under the condition that the ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase is 1:1, wherein the back-extraction rate is high>99 percent, while the Lu-loaded P507 organic phase is generally stripped by using 4mol/L hydrochloric acid, and the one-time stripping rate is about 80 percent. The results prove that the carboxylic acid compound shown in the formula I can obtain higher back extraction rate on the premise of lower back extraction acidity when being applied to extracting rare earth metals.

Solubility experiments of extractant 194 and extractant Versatic 10 in the extraction system (example 9 and comparative example 1):

example 9

Extractant 194 has the structure:(m-6, n-6, obtained by oxidation of an alcohol, acid content 99%).

And (3) extraction: the extractant 194 and the diluent Escaid110 are prepared into 0.62mol/L solution, and the water phase is 0.2mol/L NiSO₄A250 mL separating funnel is taken, 100mL organic phase is added, 14mol/L sodium hydroxide is added for saponification, 70% aqueous phase is added, extraction balance is carried out for 30 min.

And (3) oil content testing: separating the aqueous phase and adding H₂SO₄At this point the aqueous solution [ H ]⁺]The concentration is about 1 mol/L. By CH₂Cl₂Extraction (30 mL. times.3), and collection of CH by extraction₂Cl₂Layer of 1g of anhydrous Na₂SO₄Drying to remove CH₂Cl₂Filtering the water, evaporating the filtrate, and drying with oil pump for 30 min. System CH is obtained by weighing the flask before and after rotary evaporation₂Cl₂Oil content extracted.

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 9 is that the extractant 194 was replaced by the extractant Versatic 10 (commercially available, acid content 98%).

The test results of example 9 and comparative example 1 are shown in table 6.

Table 6: solubility of extractant 194 and Versatic 10 in extraction System

From the above experiments, it can be seen that the content of the extracted oil after the diluent blank (without adding an extractant, the other operation steps are the same as those in example 8) is balanced with the water phase is 46mg/L, the content of the extracted oil when the extraction agent 194 is at the equilibrium pH of 8-9 in the extraction system is about 100mg/L, the content of the extracted oil when the extraction system is at the equilibrium pH of about 8 in Versatic 10 is about 6000mg/L, the dissolution loss of Versatic 10 in the extraction system is very large, and the process operation is easily unstable. When the carboxylic acid compound shown in the formula I is used for extracting and separating metal ions, the problem that the solubility of an extracting agent in a water phase is high is solved, the process is stable to operate, and the operation cost can be reduced by about 60 times.

Solubility experiments of extractant 195 and extractant Versatic 911 in extraction systems (example 10 and comparative example 2):

example 10

Preparing 0.62mol/L solution of an extracting agent 195 and a diluent Escaid110, taking a 250mL separating funnel, adding 100mL of organic phase, adding 10mol/L of sodium hydroxide, saponifying 24%, adding 100mL of aqueous phase, and carrying out extraction equilibrium for 30min, wherein the aqueous phase is high-magnesium nickel chloride feed liquid containing 1.33g/L of Ni and 4g/L of Mg.

And (3) oil content testing: separating the aqueous phase and adding H₂SO₄At this point the aqueous solution [ H ]⁺]The concentration is about 1 mol/L. By CH₂Cl₂Extraction (30 mL. times.3), and collection of CH by extraction₂Cl₂Layer of 1g of anhydrous Na₂SO₄Drying to remove CH₂Cl₂Filtering the water, evaporating the filtrate, and drying with oil pump for 30 min. System CH is obtained by weighing the flask before and after rotary evaporation₂Cl₂Oil content extracted.

Comparative example 2

The difference from example 10 is that the extractant 195 was replaced by the extractant Versatic 911 (commercially available with an acid content of 98%).

The test results of example 10 and comparative example 2 are shown in table 7.

Table 7: solubility of the extractants 195 and versatic 911 in the extraction System

From the above experiments, it can be seen that the diluent blank (without addition of extractant, the other operation steps are the same as those in example 10) has an extracted oil content of 46mg/L after being balanced with the water phase, the extracted oil content of about 75mg/L when the extraction agent 195 is at an equilibrium pH of about 7.3 in the extraction system, and the Versatic 911 oil content of about 4680mg/L, and the dissolution loss of Versatic 911 in the extraction system is large. When the carboxylic acid compound shown in the formula I is used for extracting and separating metal ions, the problem that the solubility of an extracting agent in a water phase is high is solved, the process is stable, and the operation cost is reduced.

Comparative example 3

The difference from example 1 is that the extractant 191 is replaced by the extractant Versatic 10 (commercially available, acid content 98%).

The test results of example 1 and comparative example 3 are shown in table 8.

Table 8: separation coefficient of extracting agent 191 and Versatic 10 to each ion

As can be seen from table 8, under the same experimental conditions, the separating coefficient of the extractant 191 for each ion was higher than that of Versatic 10 by about 20 to 30%. At half extraction pH, the separation coefficients of extractant 191 for Ni/Mg and Ni/Zn were 30.2 and 75.86, respectively, while the separation coefficients of Versatic 10 for Ni/Mg and Ni/Zn were 23.00 and 57.89, respectively, thus demonstrating the superior separation effect of extractant 191 on ions compared to Versatic 10.

Comparative example 4

The difference from example 3 is that instead of eighteen carbon branched stearic acids (uk grass big (CORDA) isostearic acid 3501, Prisorine 3501), an extractant 196 was dissolved in Escaid110 to make a 0.6mol/L organic phase, the cell feed contained Ni (46.20g/L), Co (20.56g/L), Mn (23.93g/L), Ca (0.43g/L), Mg (0.21g/L), pH was controlled by saponification with 10mol/L NaOH under conditions that the organic phase (O) was 8:1 compared to the aqueous phase (a), and after extraction, an extraction rate E% -pH curve of isostearic acid for each ion was obtained (fig. 7). Observing an experimental phenomenon, wherein when the equilibrium pH value of a water phase of the extractant in a battery feed liquid system is more than 5.33, the phase separation phenomenon is worsened, the water phase is in a turbid viscous state, and the color of an organic phase is gradually colorless; as can be seen from fig. 7, when the equilibrium pH of the aqueous phase is greater than 5.33, the extraction ability of the extractant for metal ions is reduced, and the above results show that the extractant stearic acid is not feasible in recycling the nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary cathode material of the battery.

Comparative example 5

The difference from example 3 is that the extraction reagent 196 was replaced with a sixteen carbon straight chain palmitic acid, all other steps and parameters being the same, and the results show that the palmitic acid has poor solubility in Escaid110 and the extraction experiments cannot be performed.

The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated in detail by the above examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed methods, i.e. it is not meant that the present invention must rely on the above detailed methods for its implementation. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of the product of the present invention, addition of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes, etc., are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention.