阅读说明：本技术 使用胃体活微生物系统制备的生物精料及其用途 (Biological concentrate prepared by using living microorganism system of stomach and application thereof ) 是由 王小武 李琳 郭春明 谢良佳 许晓椿 于 2021-09-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及使用胃体活微生物系统制备的生物精料及其用途。该生物精料是通过如下方法制备得到：取常规屠宰的成年和牛的瘤胃,倾尽胃内容物,剥取黏膜和黏膜下组织,将此胃组织剪切成小块；加入磷酸盐缓冲液和白陶土,匀浆；将所得浆液加至适量的干草料粉中,混合制成湿颗粒,风干,得生物精料。本发明还提供了所述生物精料在制备用于犊牛饲喂的饲料中的用途。本发明饲料及其用途呈现优良的技术效果。(The invention relates to a biological concentrate prepared by using a living microorganism system of a stomach and application thereof. The biological concentrate is prepared by the following method: taking rumen of adult and cattle which are conventionally slaughtered, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces; adding phosphate buffer solution and kaolin, and homogenizing; adding the obtained slurry into a proper amount of dry forage powder, mixing to prepare wet granules, and air-drying to obtain the biological concentrate. The invention also provides application of the biological concentrate in preparing feed for feeding calves. The feed and the application thereof present excellent technical effects.)

1. A biological concentrate prepared using a live gastric microbial system, prepared by the method comprising:

(1) taking rumen of adult and cattle which are conventionally slaughtered, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces;

(2) adding 1-3 times of phosphate buffer solution and kaolin, and homogenizing at 30-40 ℃ to obtain slurry capable of passing through a 20-mesh filter screen; the phosphate buffer solution is a sodium phosphate buffer solution with phosphate radical ion concentration of 20-30 mmol/L and pH value of 6.5-7.0, potassium tartrate with concentration of 50-100 mmol/L is further added into the sodium phosphate buffer solution, and the amount of the kaolin is 2-6% of the weight of wet stomach tissue;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into a proper amount of dry forage powder, mixing to prepare wet granules, and air-drying to obtain a biological concentrate; preparing wet stomach tissue by adding 15-35 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue into 100 parts by weight of biological concentrate.

2. The biological concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: preparing 20-30 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue by feeding 100 parts by weight of biological concentrate; the amount of kaolin is 3-5% of the weight of wet stomach tissue; or the concentration of the potassium tartrate in the sodium phosphate buffer solution is 60-90 mmol/L.

3. The biological concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces with the volume less than 1 cubic centimeter; or, in the step (2), 1-2 times of phosphate buffer solution by weight is added.

4. The biological concentrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), homogenizing at 30-38 ℃ to obtain slurry capable of passing through a 20-mesh filter screen; or, in the step (3), the dry grass meal is dry grass meal of alfalfa.

5. The application of the biological concentrate in preparing the feed for feeding calves is characterized in that,

the method for feeding calves comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrate once a day to weaned calves of 75-90 days old, feeding the calves when the calves are fed for the first time every day, and then feeding concentrated feed and freely feeding forage; after the biological concentrated feed is supplied continuously for 4 weeks, the concentrated feed is continuously fed in a conventional mode and the forage is freely eaten; the calf is a cattle, the concentrated feed is a concentrated feed containing corn and soybean meal, and the daily feeding amount of the biological concentrated feed is 0.4-0.6 kg;

the biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult and cattle which are conventionally slaughtered, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces;

(2) adding 1-3 times of phosphate buffer solution and kaolin, and homogenizing at 30-40 ℃ to obtain slurry capable of passing through a 20-mesh filter screen; the phosphate buffer solution is a sodium phosphate buffer solution with phosphate radical ion concentration of 20-30 mmol/L and pH value of 6.5-7.0, potassium tartrate with concentration of 50-100 mmol/L is further added into the sodium phosphate buffer solution, and the amount of the kaolin is 2-6% of the weight of wet stomach tissue;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into a proper amount of dry forage powder, mixing to prepare wet granules, and air-drying to obtain a biological concentrate; wherein 15 to 35 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue is dosed per 100 parts by weight of the biological concentrate.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), 1 to 2 times by weight of phosphate buffer is added and homogenized at a temperature of 30 to 38 ℃ to form a slurry which can pass through a 20-mesh sieve.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that said dry grass meal is dry grass meal of alfalfa; or 20-30 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue per 100 parts by weight of the biological concentrate is prepared.

8. A method according to claim 5, wherein the amount of kaolin is 3 to 5% by weight of wet stomach tissue; or the concentration of the potassium tartrate in the sodium phosphate buffer solution is 60-90 mmol/L.

9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the concentrate is fed in an amount of 1 to 3kg per day; or the daily feeding amount of the biological concentrate is 0.45-0.55 kg.

10. The method according to claim 5,

the free-feeding forage is a mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa;

in the step (1), cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces with the volume less than 1 cubic centimeter;

in the step (2), homogenizing at 30-38 ℃ to obtain slurry capable of passing through a 20-mesh filter screen;

in the step (3), the dry grass powder is dry grass powder of alfalfa; or

Preparing wet stomach tissue by adding 15-35 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue into 100 parts by weight of biological concentrate.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of biology, and relates to a biological concentrate feed for feeding calves, application of the biological concentrate feed in preparing feed for the calves, and a method for feeding the calves.

Background

The growth and development process of the cattle can be divided into a lactation calf, a weaning calf, a small-size grown cow, a big-size grown cow, a pre-gestation young cow, a post-gestation young cow and an adult cow.

The calf weans from 2 months later and starts to feed forage, and the period generally lasts from 2 months of age to 10 months of age or even longer, during which the most important forage of the calf is forage (such as 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa) instead of fine forage (pellet forage), and if the forage is not taken sufficiently, the body of the calf only changes into a slim type and misses the most important golden period of growth. The calves at this stage are easy to fatten in the future only if the nutrients of the forage are fully absorbed and the basis is laid. If good management is not implemented and good feed is fed in the stage, the fattening management is difficult to be carried out in the future.

However, the growth process from weaning to forage feeding of the calves in the weaning period is essentially a growth and maturation process of the cattle stomach, and the faster the process adapts to forage, the more the growth of the cattle body is facilitated.

The stomach of animals such as cattle is a multi-chambered stomach, including four gastric chambers, namely, the rumen, the reticulum, the omasum and the abomasum, wherein the first three stomachs are free of digestive glands and are also called as forestomach and abomasum. The total volume of the four gastric chambers reaches 110-235L, wherein the rumen accounts for 84 percent and almost occupies the left half side of the abdominal cavity, countless movable rumen nipples with different sizes and in a conical or leaf shape are formed on the surface of the rumen mucosa and are as long as 1cm, so that the rumen inner cavity becomes rough and abnormal, which is beneficial to the abrasion and the absorption of feed. Meanwhile, the outer longitudinal muscle with the developed rumen wall muscle membrane shrinks and relaxes strongly and rhythmically, so that the feed is stirred and abraded fully. The feed digestion in the rumen mainly depends on a microbial system with various complex in the rumen, and the life metabolic activity of the feed digestion tank has strong functions of decomposing and utilizing the feed, so that the rumen is particularly like a large and continuous highly-automated 'feed fermentation tank'.

The rumen is an oval large sac which is slightly long in the front and back and slightly flat in the left and right, occupies the left half part of the abdominal cavity, and the lower half part of the rumen also extends into the right side of the abdominal cavity. The front end of the rumen is opposite to the 7 th to 8 th intercostal gaps, and the rear end of the rumen extends to the front opening of the pelvis. The left side surface of the rumen is provided with a wall surface bulge and is contacted with the spleen, the diaphragm and the left abdominal wall; the right side is the visceral surface, which contacts the omasum, abomasum, intestine, liver and pancreas. The dorsiflexion is attached to diaphragm feet and the abdominal side of the lumbar muscle, and the abdominal side curvature is in contact with the bottom wall of the abdominal cavity through the greater omentum. The front and back of the rumen are provided with deeper front and back sulci and left and right longitudinal sulci, the four sulci are enclosed into a ring, and the rumen is divided into a dorsal sac and an abdominal sac. The right longitudinal groove emits a right minor groove to the back side, and a rumen island is enclosed between the two grooves. Because the front and back ditches of the rumen are deeper, the back cecum and the back cecum are respectively formed at the back end of the rumen back and the abdominal sac, and the rumen chamber and the rumen crypt are respectively formed at the front end of the rumen back and the abdominal sac. The dorsal and ventral coronary sulci are bounded by the dorsal and ventral coronary sulci, respectively, in front of the posterior and ventral cecal sacs. On the inner surface of the rumen wall, thickened parts corresponding to the grooves on the surface are called meat columns, and the dorsal sac and the abdominal sac are communicated with the rumen inner openings surrounded by the front and rear meat columns and the left and right longitudinal columns. The entrance to the rumen is the cardia, located at the junction of the rumen and the reticulo-gastric tract, approximately opposite the midpoint of the 7 th or 8 th rib. There is no distinct boundary between the rumen and the reticuloendothelial space, which is the gastric compartment and has been called the rumen vestibule. The rumen is communicated with the stomach by a tumor net opening, the tumor net opening is large, tumor net folds are arranged on the ventral side and the two sides, and the corresponding part of the tumor net folds is a tumor net ditch. The sheep rumen abdominal sac is large, and most of the sheep rumen abdominal sac is positioned on the right side of the abdominal cavity; the posterior abdominal cecum is large and the posterior cecum is not obvious. The tumor stomach wall is composed of mucosa, submucosal tissue, sarcolemma and serosa. The mucous membrane is brownish black or brownish yellow, with numerous dense papillae on the surface, most developed in the abdominal and cecal sacs, and papillary absent in the meatballs and vestibules. The papilla is associated with the absorption function of the rumen. The mucosal epithelium is stratified squamous epithelium without glands. The sarcolemma is well developed, with the outer layer consisting of the external oblique fibers and the internal circular muscle and the inner layer consisting of the internal oblique fibers. The outer layer is serosa, but the serosa at the top of the dorsal sac and the attachment of the spleen is defective. Rumen provides a good living environment for many commensal microorganisms, which play a significant role in the fermentative decomposition of crude fiber.

Whether the stomach of an adult calf such as the rumen has a positive promoting effect on the growth process of a weaned calf from weaning to forage feeding is not reported at present. It would be desirable in the art to provide a finished product made using the adult bovine stomach, such as the rumen, that aids in the growth process of weaned calves from post-weaning to forage feeding.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a manufactured article using a viable microbial system of the stomach, such as the rumen, of adult cattle, which is expected to contribute to the growth of weaned calves through forage feeding after weaning. The inventor surprisingly discovers that the feed prepared by the method can be remarkably beneficial to the growth process of the calves in the weaning period from weaning to forage feeding. The present invention has been completed based on such findings.

In a first aspect, the present invention provides a biological concentrate prepared using a live gastric microbial system, which is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle slaughtered conventionally, pouring out contents in stomach, stripping mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces;

(2) adding 1-3 times of phosphate buffer solution by weight, and homogenizing at 30-40 ℃ to obtain slurry capable of passing through a 20-mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into a proper amount of dry forage powder, mixing to prepare wet granules, and air-drying to obtain the biological concentrate.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the adult cattle is a jungle cattle.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the stomach tissue is sheared into pieces having a volume of less than 1 cubic centimeter in step (1).

According to the first aspect of the invention, in the step (2), the phosphate buffer is a sodium phosphate buffer with a phosphate ion concentration of 20-30 mmol/L and a pH value of 6.5-7.0. The buffer can be easily prepared using sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, and the like.

According to the biological concentrate of the first aspect of the invention, in the step (2), 1-2 times of the weight of the phosphate buffer solution is added.

According to the biological concentrate of the first aspect of the invention, in the step (2), 1-1.5 times of phosphate buffer solution by weight is added.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein in the step (2), the slurry is homogenized at the temperature of 30-38 ℃ into slurry capable of passing through a 20-mesh filter screen;

the biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein in step (3), the dry grass meal is dry grass meal of alfalfa.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein 15 to 35 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue, for example 20 to 30 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue, is dosed per 100 parts by weight of biological concentrate. The actual amount of dry forage powder added in step (3) can be easily determined.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein in the step (2), kaolin is further added together with the sodium phosphate buffer. In one embodiment, the amount of kaolin is 2 to 6% by weight of wet stomach tissue, such as 3 to 5% by weight of wet stomach tissue, such as 4% by weight of wet stomach tissue.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein in the step (2), potassium tartrate is further added to the sodium phosphate buffer solution. In one embodiment, the concentration of potassium tartrate in the sodium phosphate buffer is 50 to 100mmol/L, such as 60 to 90mmol/L, such as 70 to 80mmol/L, such as 75 mmol/L.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention is for feeding calves according to the following method:

feeding biological concentrate once a day to weaned calves of 75-90 days old, feeding the calves when the calves are fed for the first time every day, and then feeding concentrated feed and freely feeding forage; after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the calves are jungle cattle.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the concentrate is a concentrate comprising corn, soybean meal.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the concentrate is fed in an amount of 1-3 kg, such as 1-2.5 kg, such as 1-2 kg per day.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the biological concentrate is fed in an amount of 0.4-0.6 kg, such as 0.45-0.55 kg, such as 0.5kg per day.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the free-feeding forage is a mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa.

The biological concentrate according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the concentrate is commercially available, for example as a compound in the following proportions: 40 parts of corn, 20 parts of bean pulp, 8 parts of bran, 20 parts of corn germ cake, 8 parts of white spirit vinasse, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 1 part of bone meal, 0.5 part of salt baking soda, 0.5 part of baking soda, 1 part of a vitamin and microelement premix (comprising 0.35 ten thousand IU of vitamin A, 0.06 ten thousand IU of vitamin D3, 18mg of vitamin E, 0.05g of copper, 0.15g of iron, 0.08g of zinc, 0.05g of manganese, 5mg of iodine, 0.5mg of selenium and 0.5mg of cobalt). In the specific examples of the present invention, the concentrated feed used is the above-mentioned compound, unless otherwise specified.

Further, the invention provides in a second aspect the use of a biological concentrate for the preparation of a feed for feeding calves, wherein,

the method for feeding calves comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrate once a day to weaned calves of 75-90 days old, feeding the calves when the calves are fed for the first time every day, and then feeding concentrated feed and freely feeding forage; after the biological concentrated feed is supplied continuously for 4 weeks, the concentrated feed is continuously fed in a conventional mode and the forage is freely eaten;

the biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle slaughtered conventionally, pouring out contents in stomach, stripping mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces;

(2) adding 1-3 times of phosphate buffer solution by weight, and homogenizing at 30-40 ℃ to obtain slurry capable of passing through a 20-mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into a proper amount of dry forage powder, mixing to prepare wet granules, and air-drying to obtain the biological concentrate.

The use according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein the calves are cows.

The use according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein the concentrate is a concentrate comprising corn, soybean meal.

The use according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein the concentrate is fed in an amount of 1-3 kg, such as 1-2.5 kg, such as 1-2 kg per day.

The use according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein the biofeedant is fed in an amount of 0.4 to 0.6kg, such as 0.45 to 0.55kg, such as 0.5kg per day.

The use according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein the free-feeding forage is a mixed forage of 20% straw and 80% alfalfa.

The use according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein the adult cattle is a bovine.

Use according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein in step (1) the stomach tissue is sheared into pieces having a volume of less than 1 cubic centimeter.

The use of the second aspect of the present invention, wherein in the step (2), the phosphate buffer solution is a sodium phosphate buffer solution having a phosphate ion concentration of 20 to 30mmol/L and a pH value of 6.5 to 7.0. The buffer can be easily prepared using sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, and the like.

The use of the second aspect of the present invention, wherein in the step (2), 1-2 times by weight of phosphate buffer is added.

The use of the second aspect of the present invention, wherein in the step (2), 1 to 1.5 times by weight of phosphate buffer is added.

The use according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein in the step (2), the slurry is homogenized at a temperature of 30-38 ℃ into a slurry which can pass through a 20-mesh sieve;

the use according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein in step (3), the dry grass powder is dry grass powder of alfalfa.

The use according to the second aspect of the invention, wherein 15 to 35 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue, for example 20 to 30 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue, per 100 parts by weight of bio-concentrate is prepared. The actual amount of dry forage powder added in step (3) can be easily determined.

The use according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein in the step (2), kaolin is further added together with the sodium phosphate buffer. In one embodiment, the amount of kaolin is 2 to 6% by weight of wet stomach tissue, such as 3 to 5% by weight of wet stomach tissue, such as 4% by weight of wet stomach tissue.

The use according to the second aspect of the present invention, wherein in the step (2), potassium tartrate is further added to the sodium phosphate buffer solution. In one embodiment, the concentration of potassium tartrate in the sodium phosphate buffer is 50 to 100mmol/L, such as 60 to 90mmol/L, such as 70 to 80mmol/L, such as 75 mmol/L.

Any technical feature possessed by any one aspect of the invention or any embodiment of that aspect is equally applicable to any other embodiment or any embodiment of any other aspect, so long as they are not mutually inconsistent, although appropriate modifications to the respective features may be made as necessary when applicable to each other. Various aspects and features of the disclosure are described further below.

All documents cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety and to the extent such documents do not conform to the meaning of the present invention, the present invention shall control. Further, the various terms and phrases used herein have the ordinary meaning as is known to those skilled in the art, and even though such terms and phrases are intended to be described or explained in greater detail herein, reference is made to the term and phrase as being inconsistent with the known meaning and meaning as is accorded to such meaning throughout this disclosure.

Calves at weaning stage, generally refers to calves from 6 months of age after weaning. The nutrient source of calves is mainly concentrated feed. With the increase of the age of a month, the feeding amount of high-quality coarse fodder is gradually increased, high-quality hay and alfalfa are selected for free feeding of calves, the dry matter feeding amount is gradually increased, wherein the feeding amount of concentrated fodder is 1.5-2 kg per day, and the daily gain of the calves in the weaning period is usually more than 500 g. After weaning, the calves are fed in groups according to the weight of the month age, and are fed freely. Sufficient, fresh, clean and sanitary drinking water should be ensured, and warm water should be drunk in winter. Keeping the calf pen clean, sanitary and dry, regularly sterilizing, and preventing diseases. These are general feeding management norms for calves in the weaning period.

The invention provides a new scheme for improving the breeding efficiency through the feeding management of the calves in the weaning period.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described by the following examples, however, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The present invention has been described generally and/or specifically with respect to materials used in testing and testing methods. Although many materials and methods of operation are known in the art for the purpose of carrying out the invention, the invention is nevertheless described herein in as detail as possible. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the raw materials used are commercially available products. In the present invention, if necessary, test data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and variance analysis is performed using SPSS21.0 software to determine the significance of the difference in the results thereof, if necessary, unless otherwise specified.

Example 1: feeding calf

The method for feeding calves in the embodiment is carried out as follows:

the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrated feed (0.5kg) to weaned-period calves (and cattle, 16 calves) from 75 days old to 90 days old once a day, feeding the calves at the first feeding time (7: 00-8: 00 early) every day, and then feeding concentrated feed (1.5kg) and free feeding forage (mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa); after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle (and cattle) slaughtered conventionally, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping off mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces (small pieces with volume less than 1 cubic centimeter);

(2) adding 2 times of phosphate buffer solution (sodium phosphate buffer solution with phosphate ion concentration of 25mmol/L and pH value of 6.5-7.0, and adding 75mmol/L potassium tartrate and kaolin (the amount is 4% of wet stomach tissue weight)) by weight, and homogenizing at 36 deg.C to obtain slurry capable of passing through 20 mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into appropriate amount of dry grass powder (herba Medicaginis dry grass powder), mixing, making into wet granule, and air drying to obtain biological concentrate. Wherein the amount of dry fodder powder is determined as follows: 25 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue per 100 parts by weight of bio-concentrate is prepared.

Example 2: feeding calf

The method for feeding calves in the embodiment is carried out as follows:

the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrated feed (0.4kg) to weaned-period calves (and cattle, 8 heads) from 75 days old to 90 days old once a day, feeding the calves (and the calves) at the first feeding time (7: 00-8: 00 early) every day, and then feeding concentrated feed (2kg) and freely feeding forage (mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa); after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle (and cattle) slaughtered conventionally, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping off mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces (small pieces with volume less than 1 cubic centimeter);

(2) adding 1 time of phosphate buffer solution (sodium phosphate buffer solution with the phosphate ion concentration of 30mmol/L and the pH value of 6.5-7.0, and adding 50mmol/L potassium tartrate and kaolin (the amount is 2% of the weight of wet stomach tissue)) by weight, and homogenizing at 32 ℃ to obtain slurry capable of passing through a 20-mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into appropriate amount of dry grass powder (herba Medicaginis dry grass powder), mixing, making into wet granule, and air drying to obtain biological concentrate. Wherein the amount of dry fodder powder is determined as follows: 35 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue per 100 parts by weight of bio-concentrate is prepared.

Example 3: feeding calf

The method for feeding calves in the embodiment is carried out as follows:

the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrated feed (0.6kg) to weaned-period calves (and cattle, 12 heads) from 75 days old to 90 days old once a day, feeding the calves (and the calves) at the first feeding time (7: 00-8: 00 early) every day, and then feeding concentrated feed (1kg) and freely feeding forage (mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa); after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle (and cattle) slaughtered conventionally, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping off mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces (small pieces with volume less than 1 cubic centimeter);

(2) adding 3 times of phosphate buffer solution (sodium phosphate buffer solution with phosphate ion concentration of 20mmol/L and pH value of 6.5-7.0, and adding 100mmol/L potassium tartrate and kaolin (the amount is 6% of wet stomach tissue weight)) by weight, and homogenizing at 38 deg.C to obtain slurry capable of passing through 20 mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into appropriate amount of dry grass powder (herba Medicaginis dry grass powder), mixing, making into wet granule, and air drying to obtain biological concentrate. Wherein the amount of dry fodder powder is determined as follows: 15 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue per 100 parts by weight of bio-concentrate is prepared.

Example 4: feeding calf

The method for feeding calves in the embodiment is carried out as follows:

the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrated feed (0.45kg) to weaned-period calves (and cattle, 6 calves) from 75 days old to 90 days old once a day, feeding the calves at the first feeding time (7: 00-8: 00 early) every day, and then feeding concentrated feed (1.2kg) and free feeding forage (mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa); after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle (and cattle) slaughtered conventionally, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping off mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces (small pieces with volume less than 1 cubic centimeter);

(2) adding 1.5 times of phosphate buffer solution (sodium phosphate buffer solution with phosphate ion concentration of 25mmol/L and pH value of 6.5-7.0, and adding 70mmol/L potassium tartrate and kaolin (the amount is 3% of wet stomach tissue weight)) by weight, and homogenizing at 30 deg.C to obtain slurry capable of passing through 20 mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into appropriate amount of dry grass powder (herba Medicaginis dry grass powder), mixing, making into wet granule, and air drying to obtain biological concentrate. Wherein the amount of dry fodder powder is determined as follows: 20 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue per 100 parts by weight of bio-concentrate is prepared.

Example 5: feeding calf

The method for feeding calves in the embodiment is carried out as follows:

the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrated feed (0.55kg) to weaned-period calves (and 9 calves) from 75 days old to 90 days old once a day, feeding the calves at the first feeding time (7: 00-8: 00 early) every day, and then feeding concentrated feed (1.8kg) and free-feeding forage (mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa); after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle (and cattle) slaughtered conventionally, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping off mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces (small pieces with volume less than 1 cubic centimeter);

(2) adding 2.5 times of phosphate buffer solution (sodium phosphate buffer solution with phosphate ion concentration of 25mmol/L and pH value of 6.5-7.0, and adding 80mmol/L potassium tartrate) and Kaolinitum (the amount is 5% of wet stomach tissue weight), and homogenizing at 40 deg.C to obtain slurry capable of passing through 20 mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into appropriate amount of dry grass powder (herba Medicaginis dry grass powder), mixing, making into wet granule, and air drying to obtain biological concentrate. Wherein the amount of dry fodder powder is determined as follows: 30 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue per 100 parts by weight of bio-concentrate is prepared.

Example 6: feeding calf

Reference was made to example 1, but no potassium tartrate was added to the preparation of the biological concentrate.

The method for feeding calves in the embodiment is carried out as follows:

the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrated feed (0.5kg) to weaned-period calves (and cattle, 12 heads) from 75 days old to 90 days old once a day, feeding the calves at the first feeding time (7: 00-8: 00 early) every day, and then feeding concentrated feed (1.5kg) and free feeding forage (mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa); after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle (and cattle) slaughtered conventionally, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping off mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces (small pieces with volume less than 1 cubic centimeter);

(2) adding 2 times of phosphate buffer solution (sodium phosphate buffer solution with phosphate ion concentration of 25mmol/L and pH value of 6.5-7.0) and kaolin (the amount of the kaolin is 4% of the weight of wet stomach tissue), and homogenizing at 36 deg.C to obtain slurry capable of passing through 20 mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into appropriate amount of dry grass powder (herba Medicaginis dry grass powder), mixing, making into wet granule, and air drying to obtain biological concentrate. Wherein the amount of dry fodder powder is determined as follows: 25 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue per 100 parts by weight of bio-concentrate is prepared.

Example 7: feeding calf

Reference was made to example 1, but no kaolin was added to the preparation of the bioscour.

The method for feeding calves in the embodiment is carried out as follows:

the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrated feed (0.5kg) to weaned-period calves (and cattle, 9 heads) from 75 days old to 90 days old once a day, feeding the calves at the first feeding time (7: 00-8: 00 early) every day, and then feeding concentrated feed (1.5kg) and free feeding forage (mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa); after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle (and cattle) slaughtered conventionally, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping off mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces (small pieces with volume less than 1 cubic centimeter);

(2) adding 2 times of phosphate buffer solution (sodium phosphate buffer solution with phosphate ion concentration of 25mmol/L and pH value of 6.5-7.0, and adding 75mmol/L potassium tartrate into the buffer solution), and homogenizing at 36 deg.C to obtain slurry capable of passing through 20 mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into appropriate amount of dry grass powder (herba Medicaginis dry grass powder), mixing, making into wet granule, and air drying to obtain biological concentrate. Wherein the amount of dry fodder powder is determined as follows: 25 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue per 100 parts by weight of bio-concentrate is prepared.

Example 8: feeding calf

The procedure was as in example 1, but no potassium tartrate nor kaolin was added in the preparation of the bio-concentrate.

The method for feeding calves in the embodiment is carried out as follows:

the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding biological concentrated feed (0.5kg) to weaned-period calves (and cattle, 11) from 75 days old to 90 days old once a day, feeding the calves at the first feeding time (7: 00-8: 00 early) every day, and then feeding concentrated feed (1.5kg) and free feeding forage (mixed forage of 20% of straw and 80% of alfalfa); after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The biological concentrate is prepared by the following method:

(1) taking rumen of adult cattle (and cattle) slaughtered conventionally, pouring out the content of the stomach, stripping off mucous membrane and submucosal tissue, and cutting the stomach tissue into small pieces (small pieces with volume less than 1 cubic centimeter);

(2) adding 2 times of phosphate buffer solution (sodium phosphate buffer solution with the phosphate ion concentration of 25mmol/L and the pH value of 6.5-7.0) by weight, and homogenizing at 36 ℃ to obtain slurry capable of passing through a 20-mesh filter screen;

(3) adding the obtained slurry into appropriate amount of dry grass powder (herba Medicaginis dry grass powder), mixing, making into wet granule, and air drying to obtain biological concentrate. Wherein the amount of dry fodder powder is determined as follows: 25 parts by weight of wet stomach tissue per 100 parts by weight of bio-concentrate is prepared.

Example 9: feeding calf

Reference was made to example 1, but no biological concentrate was fed.

The method for feeding calves in the embodiment is carried out as follows:

the feeding method comprises the following steps: feeding concentrated feed (2kg) and forage (mixed forage of straw 20% and alfalfa 80%) to weaning period calf (and cattle, 11 heads) of 75-90 days old every day; after 4 weeks, the biological concentrate is supplied, and the concentrate is fed and the forage is fed freely in a conventional way.

The calves selected in examples 1-9 were all 75-90 days old and randomly distributed in each example, their body weight was in the range of 66-79 kg, and about half of the male and female calves in each example; water was freely drunk during the test.

Test example 1: feed result investigation-body weight

For examples 1-9, the initial average body weight (day 0) was determined and calculated for each calf population of the examples, and then body weights were taken daily in the morning before eating and drinking during the 4 week feeding period, and the daily average weight gain (kg/day) was calculated from day 0 or from a specified day, with the results as follows:

in the table, indicates significant differences compared to the results of example 9 at the corresponding times, p < 0.05; indicates a significant difference compared to the results of example 9 at the corresponding time, p < 0.001.

As can be seen from the results in the table, there was essentially no difference in daily weight gain between the animals of the groups in the first 2 weeks of the experiment, but the average daily weight gain of the animals of the groups of examples 1-5 was significantly greater than that of the animals of the groups of examples 6-9 by week 3, which is an unexpected finding that the method of feeding calves with the biological concentrate supplemented with potassium tartrate and kaolin according to the present invention can promote the growth of calves. As known to those skilled in the art, weight is a comprehensive index for characterizing the growth performance of calves, and can reflect whether calves are healthy or not to a certain extent, and the average daily gain mainly reflects the growth speed of calves.

Test example 2: breeding result investigation-serum biochemical index

The serum collection method comprises the following steps: collecting blood 15mL of calf in early morning with fasting jugular vein, placing in vacuum blood collecting tube without anticoagulant, centrifuging at 5000 × g for 15min, collecting serum, storing at-20 deg.C, and testing.

Typical serum biochemical indicators: total serum protein (TP), serum Glucose (GLU).

For examples 1 to 9, the initial average serum biochemical index (day 0) of the calf population of each example was measured and calculated using a fully automatic biochemical analyzer (beckmann coulter AU680), and then the average serum biochemical index (day 28) was measured for day 28 after the end of 4 weeks of rearing.

The mean TP of the 9 groups of animals at day 0 was 52.27 + -3.62 g/L, GLU and the mean TP was 5.13 + -0.41 mmol/L.

The results of the TP mean and GLU mean for the 28 days of each example group are shown in the following table:

in the table, p <0.1, as compared to the daily average results of 0; indicates significant difference compared to 0 day average, p < 0.05; indicates significant difference compared to 0 daily mean results, p < 0.001.

It was surprisingly found that the animals of groups 1-5 showed a significant improvement in total serum protein and serum glucose after being subjected to the method of the invention for 4 weeks compared to the animals of groups 6-9. Serum glucose is the most important and direct energy source substance of the body and can reflect the dynamic balance between the synthesis and decomposition of glycogen of the body. The serum total protein has important physiological functions in organisms, is one of important items of animal biochemical tests, has various functions of maintaining normal colloid osmotic pressure and pH of blood, transporting various metabolites, regulating physiological action of transported substances, relieving toxicity, immunologic action, nutritional action and the like, and has better reflecting body nutritional state by higher serum total protein.

The embodiments are only for illustrating the composition and efficacy of the invention, and not for limiting the scope of the invention, therefore, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that similar modifications can be made without departing from the structure of the invention, and all such modifications are within the scope of the invention. These should also be construed as the scope of the present invention, and they should not be construed as affecting the effectiveness of the practice of the present invention or the applicability of the patent.