阅读说明：本技术 开闭机构及具有该开闭机构的车辆 (Opening and closing mechanism and vehicle with same ) 是由 王坤 苏仰旋 刘旭东 张广鸣 刘小波 张春伟 张安申 于 2020-06-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种开闭机构,包括,安装框架和设置在安装框架上的基板；可旋转地设置在基板上的支撑臂,其上设有锁定部；安装在支撑臂上的导流罩,可随支撑臂的转动而实现关闭和打开；锁定装置,其第一端可旋转地设置在基板上,第二端设置有锁定件,该锁定件能够与支撑臂接触性地垂直,并且能够与锁定部接触；限位止挡,可阻挡导流罩的关闭和打开；弹性构件,其通过与锁定装置,第一转动部件以及限位止挡共同作用,能够使得开闭机构在关闭状态或者打开状态下处于自锁状态。(The application discloses an opening and closing mechanism, which comprises an installation frame and a substrate arranged on the installation frame; a support arm rotatably provided on the base plate, on which a locking portion is provided; the air guide sleeve is arranged on the supporting arm and can be closed and opened along with the rotation of the supporting arm; a locking device, a first end of which is rotatably arranged on the base plate, and a second end of which is provided with a locking piece which can be contacted with the supporting arm and vertically and can be contacted with the locking part; the limiting stop catch can stop the closing and opening of the air guide sleeve; and the elastic component can enable the opening and closing mechanism to be in a self-locking state in a closed state or an open state through the combined action of the elastic component, the locking device, the first rotating part and the limit stop.)

1. An opening and closing mechanism is characterized by comprising,

a mounting frame and a substrate disposed on the mounting frame;

a support arm rotatably provided on the base plate; the supporting arm is provided with a locking part which comprises a closing locking part and an opening locking part; the part capable of moving together with the support arm is collectively referred to as a first rotating part;

the air guide sleeve is arranged on the supporting arm and can be closed and opened along with the rotation of the supporting arm;

a locking device, the first end of which is rotatably arranged on the base plate and the second end of which is provided with a locking piece; the locking piece can be in contact with the supporting arm to be vertical, and can be respectively in contact with the closing locking part to realize closing self-locking and in contact with the opening locking part to realize opening self-locking;

the limiting stop comprises a closing limiting stop and an opening limiting stop, and can be respectively contacted with the first rotating part to stop the closing and the opening of the air guide sleeve;

and the elastic component can enable the opening and closing mechanism to be in a self-locking state in a closed state or an open state through the combined action of the elastic component, the locking device, the first rotating part and the limit stop.

2. The opening/closing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the opening/closing mechanism is configured such that when the locking device is perpendicular to the support arm, there is a margin L between the locking member and the locking portion, and the locking member can continue to move toward the locking portion to be mechanically restrained by the locking portion.

3. The opening-closing mechanism according to claim 2, wherein the opening-closing mechanism is configured such that the elastic member is still in a compressed state when the locking piece of the locking device is located at the locking portion; alternatively, the opening and closing mechanism is configured such that the locking device and the support arm can be brought into contact with each other when they are not yet perpendicular, whereby an interference is generated due to the provision of the elastic member and the interference force is maximized when they are perpendicular.

4. An opening and closing mechanism according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein said locking means is rotatably arranged at a first end on the base plate, at a second end thereof is provided with a closing locking member, and at a third end thereof is provided with an opening locking member; the closing locking piece can act with the closing locking part to realize closing self-locking, and the opening locking piece can act with the opening locking part to realize opening self-locking; the closing locking part and the opening locking part are positioned on different sides of the supporting arm.

5. The opening/closing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said support arm is curved, and a first end thereof is rotatably provided on the base plate and a second end thereof is rotatably provided on the mounting frame.

6. The opening-closing mechanism according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the elastic member is selected from a combination of one or more of a first elastic member, a second elastic member, a third elastic member, and a fourth elastic member; wherein the limit stop has the first elastic member; the first rotating part or support arm has the second elastic member; the locking device has the third elastic member; the fourth elastic member is always in a compressed state, and a first end of the fourth elastic member is connected to the base plate, and a second end of the fourth elastic member is connected to the locking device.

7. The opening-closing mechanism according to claim 6,

the first elastic component is positioned at the contact position of the limit stop and the first rotating part;

the second elastic component is positioned at the contact position of the support arm and the limit stop, and/or the second elastic component is positioned at the contact position of the support arm and the locking device;

the third elastic member is provided on the locking member.

8. The opening-closing mechanism according to claim 7,

the second elastic member includes a protrusion having elasticity, and the protrusion is pressed when the locking device is substantially perpendicular to the support arm; the second elastic member extends into the locking portion;

the third elastic component is an elastic roller sleeved on the locking piece;

the fourth elastic member is a gas spring, one end of the fourth elastic member is hinged with the substrate, and the other end of the fourth elastic member is hinged with the locking device.

9. The opening/closing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said locking means and said support arm are provided independently of each other, and mainly come into contact with each other when locking is performed; preferably, a clamping piece is arranged between the locking device and the substrate; preferably, the support arm is provided with a first gap for providing a passing space for the locking device; preferably, the support arm may be further provided with a second clearance for providing a space for the opening lock of the locking device to pass through.

10. A vehicle characterized by having the opening and closing mechanism of any one of claims 1 to 9; preferably, two symmetrically arranged opening and closing mechanisms are included.

Technical Field

The application relates to an opening and closing mechanism and a vehicle with the same, and belongs to the field of machinery.

Background

The front end opening and closing mechanism of the train is used as a framework and a driving mechanism of the air guide sleeve at the front end of the railway vehicle, when the train runs, the air guide sleeve is in a closed state, a complete aerodynamic shape of the train is formed, wind resistance and wind noise are reduced, and meanwhile, the damage of parts such as a car coupler and the like inside the train caused by rain and snow can be avoided. When the double-heading train needs to operate, the front-end opening and closing mechanism of the train can enable the air guide sleeve to be in an opening position, so that the car hook can be completely coupled without obstacles, and the influence caused by the swing angle of the car hook during operation on different curve radiuses can be adapted.

In order to ensure that the front end opening and closing mechanism can be kept at a set position after being completely opened or closed and prevent the air guide sleeve from moving under the action of wind pressure and other external loads, the front end opening and closing mechanism needs to have a locking function, and the pin shaft type locking device is widely applied to the front end opening and closing mechanism of the train at present. When the air guide sleeve is closed or opened in place, the locking device limits the movement of the movement mechanism through the pin shaft structure, but a gap is inevitably formed between the pin shaft structure and the movement mechanism, and the cabin gate pole is easy to vibrate under the action of wind pressure and other external loads, so that the safe operation of a train is adversely affected.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide an opening and closing mechanism which can keep a stable self-locking state after a dome is closed or opened in place.

A first embodiment of the present application provides an opening and closing mechanism including,

a mounting frame and a substrate disposed on the mounting frame;

a support arm rotatably provided on the base plate; the supporting arm is provided with a locking part which comprises a closing locking part and an opening locking part; the part capable of moving together with the support arm is collectively referred to as a first rotating part;

the air guide sleeve is arranged on the supporting arm and can be closed and opened along with the rotation of the supporting arm;

a locking device, the first end of which is rotatably arranged on the base plate and the second end of which is provided with a locking piece; the locking piece can be in contact with the supporting arm to be vertical, and can be respectively in contact with the closing locking part to realize closing self-locking and in contact with the opening locking part to realize opening self-locking;

the limiting stop comprises a closing limiting stop and an opening limiting stop, and can be respectively contacted with the first rotating part to stop the closing and the opening of the air guide sleeve;

and the elastic component can enable the opening and closing mechanism to be in a self-locking state in a closed state or an open state through the combined action of the elastic component, the locking device, the first rotating part and the limit stop.

Alternatively, the opening and closing mechanism is configured such that when the locking device is perpendicular to the support arm, there is still a margin L between the locking member and the locking portion, and the locking member can continue to move toward the locking portion to be mechanically restrained by the locking portion.

Optionally, the opening and closing mechanism is configured such that the elastic member is still in a compressed state when the locking piece of the locking device is located at the locking portion; or, the locking device and the supporting arm can be contacted with each other when the locking device and the supporting arm are not vertical, so that the interference is generated due to the arrangement of the elastic component, and the interference force is maximum when the locking device and the supporting arm are vertical.

Optionally, a first end of the locking device is rotatably disposed on the substrate, a second end of the locking device is provided with a closing locking member, and a third end of the locking device is provided with an opening locking member; the closing locking piece can act with the closing locking part to realize closing self-locking, and the opening locking piece can act with the opening locking part to realize opening self-locking; preferably, the closing lock and the opening lock are located in different lateral directions of the support arm.

Alternatively, the locking means and the support arm are arranged independently of each other, mainly in contact with each other when locking is performed.

Optionally, a clamping piece is arranged between the locking device and the substrate.

Optionally, the support arm is curved, a first end of which is rotatably disposed on the base plate and a second end of which is rotatably disposed on the mounting frame.

Optionally, the support arm may further be provided with a first clearance for providing a passage space for the locking member of the locking device. The support arm may also be provided with a second clearance providing a passage space for the opening lock of the locking device.

Optionally, the elastic member is selected from a combination of one or more of a first elastic member, a second elastic member, a third elastic member and a fourth elastic member; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

optionally, the limit stop has the first elastic member. Further optionally, the first resilient member is located at a contact of the limit stop with the first rotational member.

Optionally, the first rotating part or support arm has the second resilient member. Further optionally, the second resilient member is located on the support arm at a contact with the limit stop, and/or the second resilient member is located on the support arm at a contact with the locking device. Optionally, the second resilient member comprises a resilient tab which is squeezed when the locking means is substantially perpendicular to the support arm. Optionally, the second resilient member extends into the locking portion.

Optionally, the locking device has the third resilient member. Further optionally, the third resilient member is provided on the locking member. Still further optionally, the third elastic member is an elastic roller sleeved on the locking piece.

Optionally, the fourth elastic member is always in a compressed state, and a first end thereof is connected to the substrate and a second end thereof is connected to the locking device. Further optionally, the fourth elastic member is a gas spring, and one end of the gas spring is hinged to the base plate, and the other end of the gas spring is hinged to the locking device.

A second embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle having the opening and closing mechanism according to any one of the above claims. Optionally, the vehicle has two symmetrically arranged opening and closing mechanisms.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a close, self-locking perspective view of an embodiment of an opening and closing mechanism;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a closing self-locking top view of an embodiment of the opening and closing mechanism;

FIG. 4 is a closed top view of an embodiment of an opening and closing mechanism;

FIG. 5 is a closing/unlocking diagram of an opening/closing mechanism of an embodiment;

FIG. 6 is an opening/unlocking diagram of an opening/closing mechanism of an embodiment;

FIG. 7 is an open top view of an embodiment of an opening and closing mechanism;

FIG. 8 is a top view of an embodiment of the opening and closing mechanism showing the opening and locking;

FIG. 9 is an open, self-locking perspective view of an embodiment of the opening and closing mechanism;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a locking device;

FIG. 11 is a bottom perspective view of one embodiment of a locking device;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a locking device;

FIG. 13 is a top view of an embodiment of the closing mechanism in a closed self-locking state;

fig. 14 is a plan view of the opening/closing mechanism corresponding to fig. 13 in a closed state;

FIG. 15 is a top view of the opening/closing mechanism corresponding to FIG. 13 in an open self-locking state;

fig. 16 is a partial perspective view of the opening and closing mechanism corresponding to fig. 15;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a limit stop;

fig. 18 is a diagram of a shutter mechanism having a second elastic member according to an embodiment;

FIG. 19 is a shutter mechanism diagram with a second elastic member according to an embodiment;

FIG. 20 is a shutter mechanism diagram with a third elastic member according to an embodiment;

fig. 21 is an unlocking view of an opening and closing mechanism having a fourth elastic member according to an embodiment;

fig. 22 is a closing self-lock view of the opening/closing mechanism corresponding to fig. 21;

fig. 23 is a partial perspective view of the opening and closing mechanism corresponding to fig. 22.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present application are explained in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, however, it should be understood that elements, structures and features of one embodiment may be beneficially incorporated in other embodiments without further recitation.

In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms of orientation or positional relationship indicated in the present embodiment are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.

In the description of the present application, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, e.g., as being fixed or detachable or integrally connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood in a specific case by those of ordinary skill in the art.

The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present application by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present application should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1 to 9, a first embodiment of the present application provides an opening and closing mechanism (two sets of opening and closing mechanisms are shown in the drawings) including a mounting frame 1 and a base plate 2 provided on the mounting frame 1. The opening and closing mechanism can be mounted on other objects such as a train by the mounting frame 1. The mounting frame 1 and the base plate 2 may be of an integral structure.

The opening and closing mechanism further comprises a support arm 3, and the air guide sleeve 4 can be fixedly arranged on the support arm 3. The first end 301 of the support arm is rotatably disposed on the base plate 2 (e.g., pivoting) such that the support arm 3 can be moved in a rotational motion, e.g., by manually pushing the support arm to rotate, or by using a pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder to push the support arm to rotate. Since the pod 4 is mounted on the support arm 3, the pod 4 can be opened or closed. The parts that can rotate together with the support arm 3, such as the support arm, the pod or the connection, etc., can be collectively referred to as a first rotating part 5.

Alternatively, as shown in fig. 1 and 9, the support arm 3 may be curved and may be substantially semicircular, the first end 301 of the support arm being rotatably disposed on the base plate 2, the second end 302 thereof being rotatably disposed on the mounting frame 1, and the pod 4 being disposed on the curved arm. Through the rotatory setting at support arm both ends for whole support arm is more durable, can make it rotate through the rotatory support arm of arbitrary one end in both ends moreover, thereby has improved the flexibility of operation.

As shown in fig. 2, the support arm 3 is further provided with a locking portion 6 including a closed locking portion 601 and an open locking portion 602. Each locking portion has a blocking member 603.

The opening and closing mechanism further comprises a locking device 7, a first end 701 of which is rotatably arranged on the base plate 2 (e.g. rotating around an axis 704), and a second end 702 of which has a locking member 8, which locking member 8 is capable of interacting with the closing locking portion 601 and the opening locking portion 602, respectively, to achieve locking of the closed and open state of the opening and closing mechanism, respectively. The locking part 6 can receive the locking piece 8, and the blocking piece 603 of the locking part can block the locking piece 8 from further rotating after self-locking; or after self-locking, the two can abut against each other. As shown in fig. 2, the closed lock 601 and the open lock 602 are respectively located on opposite sides of the support arm 3 in the same direction; that is, as shown in fig. 2, the close lock 601 is located outside the support arm and the open lock 602 is located inside the support arm, but both are close to the pod 4. In order to prevent the locking means 7 from interfering with the rotation of the support arm 3 between the open and closed positions, said support arm 3 may further be provided with a first clearance 303, said first clearance 303 providing a passage space for the locking means 7 (as shown in fig. 9). Alternatively, it is also possible to dispense with the provision of the first clearance 303, for example by rotating the locking member 8 of the locking device out of the base plate 2, if the locking device 7 is rotatable at certain angles so as not to impede the movement of the support arm 3.

Or alternatively, as shown in fig. 12-16, the locking device may be rotatably disposed on the base plate 2 (e.g., rotated about axis 704) at a first end 701, with a closing lock 801 at a second end 702 and an opening lock 802 at a third end 703. Wherein the closing lock 801 is capable of interacting with the closing lock 601 to effect locking of the closed state of the opening and closing mechanism (see fig. 13); the opening lock 802 is capable of interacting with the opening lock 602 to effect locking of the open state of the opening and closing mechanism (see fig. 15 and 16). Preferably, the closed lock 601 and the open lock 602 are located in the different directions of the support arm 3; that is, as shown in fig. 16, the closed lock 601 is located inside the support arm near the pod 4, and the open lock 602 is located outside the support arm, away from the pod 4 with respect to the closed lock 601. Optionally, the support arm 3 is provided with a second void 304 through which the opening lock 802 passes.

By providing two locking members 801,802, the functions of closing and opening the lock can be accomplished with two locking members, respectively, without requiring one locking member to run the entire distance. When manual control is used, the effect of providing one or two locking members is not significant, and it is more convenient to provide two locking members that are located close together unless the opening and closing paths are particularly long. But for automatic control, two locking pieces are arranged to facilitate control; as shown in fig. 13-15, the locking device 7 may have only two operating modes, the locking operating mode shown in fig. 13 and 15, and the unlocking operating mode shown in fig. 14, wherein the closed locking and the open locking shown in fig. 13 and 15 are respectively located at the same control position for the locking device 7, and the control mode is simple (counterclockwise rotation when unlocking, clockwise rotation when locking), which facilitates automatic control.

In the closed or open state, when the locking means 7 is perpendicular to the support arm 3, there is still a margin L (as shown in fig. 4) between the locking member 8 and the locking portion 6 to provide a self-locking condition. Therefore, after the locking part 8 and the locking part 6 are perpendicular to each other, the locking part can still move towards the direction of the locking part 6, and can continue to rotate to a certain angle beyond the perpendicular position until the locking part 6 is mechanically limited so as to abut against the locking part 6 to realize self-locking.

The rotation of the locking device 7 and the supporting arm 3 can be driven manually, or can be additionally provided with a pushing cylinder or other equipment which can drive the device to rotate. The control mode can be manual command, and an electric control system can also be adopted to complete the operation working condition through programming. The locking device and the supporting arm can be arranged independently and are mainly contacted with each other when in locking; through such independent setting and operation, on the one hand, the independent positioning and the relative positioning of the two can be more convenient and accurate, and on the other hand, the operation and the maintenance of the two can be more convenient and flexible, and the controllability is better.

Optionally, as shown in fig. 11 and 23, a clamping member 9 is disposed between the locking device 7 and the substrate 2, so that the locking device can be limited on the substrate, and the operation of the support arm can be prevented from being affected. As a non-limiting embodiment, the engaging piece 9 includes a receiving portion 901 having a concave portion provided on the locking device 7 and a protrusion 902 provided on the base plate; the protrusion 902 may be a resilient structure, and the edge of the recess of the receptacle 901 may have a chamfer, so that the protrusion 902 having resiliency may be guided into or out of the recess of the receptacle. When the locking device is in the unlocking state, rotating the locking device to enable the protrusion to enter the concave part and enable the locking device to be kept in the unlocking state; when locking is required, the locking device is rotated to enable the receiving part to leave the protrusion. It will be appreciated that the positions of the receiving portion and the projection are interchangeable, i.e. the receiving portion may be provided on the base plate and the projection on the locking means; the structure of the engaging piece is not limited to the above structure, and other conventional engaging structures are also possible.

As shown in fig. 1-2 and 9, the opening and closing mechanism further includes a limit stopper 10, which is divided into a closing limit stopper 1001 and an opening limit stopper 1002; the closing limit stopper 1001 can abut against a first rotating component 5 (such as a support arm 3 or a dome 4) to prevent the dome 4 from being closed continuously after reaching a set closing position, so that the damage to the dome 4 is avoided; the opening limit stop 1002 can also abut against the first rotating member 5, and is used for preventing the air guide sleeve 4 from being opened continuously after reaching the set opening position. The limit stop 10 may be fixedly disposed on the substrate 2.

In the open or closed state, the respective limit stop 10 and the locking element 8 of the locking device are located on different sides of the support arm 3 in order to limit the support arm 3.

The opening and closing mechanism is also provided with an elastic component 11, and the opening and closing mechanism can be self-locked in a closed state or an open state through the combined action of the locking device 7, the supporting arm 3 and the limit stop 10, so that the stability of the opening and closing mechanism is improved. Wherein at least said elastic member 11 is deformed when the locking means 7 are perpendicular to the support arm 3; i.e. when the two have not reached the perpendicular state, there may also be deformations. Preferably, when the locking member 8 of the locking device is located in the locking portion 6, the elastic member 11 is still in a compressed state, so that a buffering force can be provided to reduce the vibration of the opening and closing mechanism. Specifically, the elastic member 11 can be implemented by at least the following four embodiments:

example 1:

as shown in fig. 17, the elastic member 11 (first elastic member 1101) is provided on the limit stopper 10; the first resilient member 1101 is compressed at least when the locking means 7 is substantially perpendicular to the support arm 3.

Preferably, the first elastic member 1101 may be disposed at a position where the limit stopper 10 contacts with the first rotating part 5 or the supporting arm 3, and has elasticity; for example, the elasticity can be achieved by using the principle of a spring, or can be made of an elastic material, such as rubber.

The operation and the operation principle of the opening and closing mechanism will be described with reference to embodiment 1 as an example. Shown in sequence in fig. 3-8 are the steps of the opening and closing mechanism from the closed state to the open state, and when the steps are reversed (i.e. from fig. 8-3), the process of the opening and closing mechanism from the open state to the closed state; here, the drawings show two right and left opening/closing mechanisms, and the right opening/closing mechanism will be described as an example.

(1) And (3) opening process:

in fig. 3 and 8, the opening and closing mechanism is in a closed and open self-locking state, respectively, and in some embodiments, the first elastic member 1101 is in a compressed state; in fig. 4 and 7, the locking device 7 and the support arm 3 are perpendicular to each other, and the first elastic member 1101 is in a compressed state. When opening is started, the locking device 7 is pushed (either manually or mechanically) away from the closing lock 601 and rotates counterclockwise around the substrate 2, from the closing lock state of fig. 3 to the vertical state of fig. 4, and further rotates counterclockwise to the position shown in fig. 5 and 6 (or rotates a large angle out of the substrate so as not to obstruct the movement of the support arm), at which time the support arm 3 is unlocked. The support arm 3 is then pushed (either manually or mechanically) away from the close limit stop 1001 and rotates clockwise on the base plate, past the locking device 7 and begins to approach the open limit stop 1002, as shown in figure 6, during which the pod 4 is gradually opened. When the locking device 7 is pushed to rotate counterclockwise again and starts to contact with the other surface of the supporting arm 7, the first elastic member 1101 on the opening limit stop 1002 starts to be compressed, and when the locking device 7 is pushed to be perpendicular to the supporting arm 3 (as shown in fig. 7), the distance from the rotating shaft 704 of the locking device to the supporting arm 3 is the nearest, the first elastic member 1101 is compressed to the maximum, and an opening mechanical "dead point" is reached; at this time, there is also a margin L between the locking member 8 and the open locking portion 602; thus, when the locking device 7 continues to be pushed to rotate anticlockwise, it crosses the mechanical "dead point" and reaches the open locking portion 602, blocked or restrained by the latter; the distance of the rotation axis 704 to the support arm 3 is not the farthest distance at this time, so that the first elastic member 1101 is released entirely or partially, and the open state is defined at this time, as shown in fig. 8 and 9.

In the state shown in fig. 8, if the locking member 8 of the locking device wants to reversely go beyond the mechanical "dead point" from the open locking portion 602 (i.e. wants to rotate clockwise), then it is necessary to have an external force to make the first elastic member 1101 be compressed from the state of fig. 8 to the state of fig. 7 (i.e. needs a force to make the first elastic member 1101 be further compressed), therefore, if no external force is provided, the locking device 7 is in a self-locking state in the case of fig. 8, which is a very stable state; even if the entire opening and closing mechanism is subjected to some vibration, the locking device 7 is not always caused to disengage from the self-locking state, so that the opening and closing mechanism is maintained in the open position. In particular, when the opening/closing mechanism is in the self-locking state, the first elastic member 1101 is still in the compressed state (partially released), which will provide a better buffer effect for preventing or reducing the vibration of the opening/closing mechanism.

(2) And (3) closing process:

in the reverse direction, as shown in fig. 8 to 3, still taking the right-side opening/closing mechanism as an example, the lock device 7 starts to rotate clockwise under the pushing of an external force (a manual force, a mechanical force, or the like), enters the "dead point" position (fig. 7) from the opened self-locking state (fig. 8), and then departs from the "dead point" position, at which time the support arm 3 is unlocked (fig. 6). The support arm 3 is then pushed (manually or mechanically etc.) away from the opening limit stop 1002 and rotates anticlockwise on the base plate, past the locking means 7 and begins to approach the closing limit stop 1001 (as shown in figure 5), during which the pod 4 is progressively closed. When the locking device 7 is pushed to rotate clockwise again and comes into contact with the support arm 3, the first elastic member 1101 on the closing limit stop 1001 starts to be compressed, and when the locking device 7 is pushed to be perpendicular to the support arm 3 (as shown in fig. 4), at this time, the distance from the rotating shaft 704 of the locking device to the support arm 3 is the shortest, the first elastic member 1101 is compressed to the maximum, and a closing mechanical "dead point" is reached; at this time, the locking member 8 also has a margin L with the closed locking portion 601; thus, when the locking device 7 continues to be pushed to rotate clockwise, it crosses the mechanical "dead point" and reaches the closed locking portion 601, blocked or restrained by the locking portion; the distance of the rotation axis 704 to the support arm 3 is now not the farthest distance, so that the first elastic member 1101 is fully or partially released, and the closed state is defined, as shown in fig. 3 and 1.

In the state shown in fig. 3, if the locking member 8 of the locking device wants to reversely go beyond the mechanical "dead point" from the closed locking portion 601 (i.e. wants to rotate counterclockwise), then it is necessary to have an external force to make the first elastic member 1101 be compressed from the state of fig. 3 to the state of fig. 2 (i.e. needs a force to make the first elastic member 1101 be further compressed), so if no external force is provided, the locking device 7 is in another self-locking state in the case of fig. 3, and is also in a very stable state; even if the entire opening and closing mechanism is subjected to some vibration, the locking device 7 is not always caused to be disengaged from the self-locking state, so that the opening and closing mechanism is maintained in the closed position. In particular, when the opening/closing mechanism is in the self-locking state, the first elastic member 1101 is still in the compressed state (partially released), which will provide a better buffer effect for preventing or reducing the vibration of the opening/closing mechanism.

It is to be understood that the mentioned shortest distance, margin L, etc. during opening and closing may be the same or may differ due to manufacturing variations; on the principle that the opening and closing process described above can be implemented.

When the locking device 7 is provided with two locking pieces, a closed locking piece 801 and an open locking piece 802, as shown in fig. 13-15: when opening, the locking device 7 is rotated anticlockwise to the unlocking state shown in fig. 14, then the support arm 3 is rotated to open the air guide sleeve 4, and then the locking device 7 is rotated clockwise to lock the support arm in the opening state; when closed, as shown in figures 15-13, the locking device 7 is rotated counter-clockwise to the unlocked position shown in figure 14, the support arm 3 is then rotated to close the pod 4, and the locking device 7 is subsequently rotated clockwise to lock the support arm in the closed position. It can be seen that the locking device is first unlocked counterclockwise and then locked clockwise, regardless of whether the opening process or the closing process is performed, and the control of the locking device 7 is very simple.

Example 2:

the elastic member 11 (second elastic member 1102) is provided on the first rotating member 5; the second resilient member 1102 is compressed at least when the locking means 7 is substantially perpendicular to the support arm 3.

Preferably, said second elastic member 1102 is provided on the support arm 3; more preferably, said second elastic member 1102 is arranged at the contact of the support arm 3 with the limit stop 10 and/or the second elastic member 1102 is arranged at the contact of the support arm 3 with the locking device 7 (or the locking member 8 of the locking device) (as shown in fig. 18). Optionally, the second elastic member 1102 is made of a spring structure or a deformable and wear-resistant material.

When the elastic member is disposed near the limit stopper 10, it operates in a manner similar to that of embodiment 1. When the elastic member is disposed close to the locking device 7, the second elastic member 1102 is compressed to the maximum amount when the locking device 7 is substantially perpendicular to the support arm 3, thereby being deformed; in fig. 18 the second resilient member 1102 is pressed into a concave shape by the locking member 8 of the locking device. When the locking member 8 continues to move toward the locking portion 6, the second elastic member 1102 is fully or partially restored, thereby achieving self-locking.

Or alternatively, as shown in fig. 19, the second elastic member 1102 includes a protrusion 11021 having elasticity, and the protrusion 11021 is pressed when the locking device 7 is substantially perpendicular to the support arm 3.

Optionally, the second elastic member 1102 may extend into the locking portion 6; therefore, when the opening and closing mechanism is in a self-locking state, the vibration of the opening and closing mechanism can be prevented or reduced due to the buffering effect between the elastic component and the locking device.

The elastic member may be disposed at other positions of the support arm or the first rotating member to achieve the above-mentioned functions. Furthermore, when the support arm has an elastic member, the locking means and the limit stop may be of rigid construction, to facilitate manufacturing.

Locking process on opening or closing: after the support arm 3 moves to the open or closed position, the locking device 7 rotates and gradually contacts with the support arm 3 to drive the support arm 3 to move, and the support arm 3 contacts with the limit stop 10, and the limit stop 10 starts to stop the movement of the support arm 3. Under the action that the limit stop 10 abuts against the support arm 3, the locking device 7 continues to move and starts to press the second elastic member 1102; when the locking means 7 is substantially perpendicular to the support arm 3, the elastic deformation of the second elastic member 1102 reaches a maximum, reaching a dead point; the locking device 7 continues to rotate beyond the dead point, and the locking is finished when the entering locking part 6 is limited and can not rotate continuously; if the support arm (e.g. in the locking part 6) is still deformed at this time, sufficient elastic force is generated to ensure that the locking part 8 of the locking device is tightly attached to the locking part 6, so as to prevent or reduce vibration of the opening and closing mechanism during operation.

Example 3:

as shown in fig. 20, the elastic member 11 (third elastic member 1103) is provided on the lock device 7; the third elastic member 1103 is compressed at least when the locking means 7 is substantially perpendicular to the support arm 3, so that the locking means 7 can be relatively elastically deformed.

Alternatively, the third elastic member 1103 is made of a deformable and wear-resistant material and is mounted on the locking member 8 of the locking device; at least in the contact area of the locking element 8 with the support arm 3. Alternatively, the third elastic member 1103 is an elastic roller 12 that is sleeved on the periphery of the locking member 8, and is made of a conventional elastic and wear-resistant material such as rubber, and can rotate relative to the locking member 8.

When the locking device 7 is substantially perpendicular to the support arm 3, the third elastic member 1103 is compressed to the maximum amount by the support arm 3, thereby deforming; as shown in fig. 20, the roller 12 is pressed and deformed by the support arm. When the locking member 8 continues to move toward the locking portion 6, the roller 12 is fully or partially restored. Preferably, the roller 12 is still in compression in the locking portion 6, so that the locking means and the support arm are in resilient abutment with each other, preventing or reducing vibrations of the opening and closing mechanism during operation.

It is understood that the third elastic member 1103 may also be installed at other positions, such as between the rotating shaft 704 of the locking device and the substrate 2, or on the locking device body. However, the provision of the locking member 8 facilitates replacement and maintenance.

The implementation of this embodiment is similar to embodiment 2, i.e. the third elastic member 1103 is maximally compressed when the locking device 7 is substantially perpendicular to the support arm 3, forming a "dead point".

Example 4:

the elastic member 11 is a fourth elastic member 1104 always in a compressed state, and one end of the fourth elastic member is hinged to the base plate 2, and the other end of the fourth elastic member is hinged to the locking device 7. The fourth resilient member 1104 may be a gas spring, a mechanical spring, or other similar structure. The fourth resilient member 1104 is always in a compressed state.

Taking the gas spring as an example, the gas spring moves along with the locking device 7 during rotation. FIG. 21 shows the locking device and gas spring in an unlocked position and the pod in a closed position; the locking device is now rotated clockwise to the position shown in fig. 22 and 23, i.e. locking is achieved. In the motion process of the locking device and the gas spring, the gas spring is always in a compressed state, so that elasticity can be provided, the locking device is ensured to be kept in a locked state, and unreliable locking caused by vibration is avoided.

If the limiting stop, the locking device, the locking part and other structures are rigid, the locking reliability can be ensured due to the existence of the gas spring, and the locking failure caused by vibration or small external force action can be avoided. If the fourth elastic member 1104 is combined with the elastic member 11 provided in embodiments 1 to 3, a gap between the locked rear support arm 3 and the limit stop 10 or a gap between the support arm 3 and the locking device 7 can be further avoided, and the air guide sleeve is prevented from vibrating during the operation of the train.

With reference to the above embodiments 1-4, even though there are various embodiments of the elastic member 11, the various embodiments can be combined, for example, but not limited to, the limit stop 10 is provided with the first elastic member 1101, and the support arm 3 is provided with the second elastic member 1102; or a first elastic member 1101 is arranged on the limit stop 10, a second elastic member 1102 is arranged on the support arm 3, and a third elastic member 1103 and the like are arranged on the locking device 7. It is understood that the elastic member 11 may be selected from any one or combination of the first elastic member 1101, the second elastic member 1102, the third elastic member 1103 and the fourth elastic member 1104.

As can be seen from the above embodiments, the elastic member 11, the locking device 7, the supporting arm 3 (or the first rotating part 5) and the limit stopper 10 cooperate with each other, so that the opening/closing mechanism can be in the self-locking state in the closed state or the open state, and the locking device, the limit stopper and the supporting arm have no gap therebetween, and therefore, the vibration hardly occurs, and the stability of the opening/closing mechanism is greatly increased.

Preferably, with the elastic member 11, when the locking piece 8 of the locking device is located at the locking portion 6, the support arm 3 is in mutual elastic abutment with the locking device 7 and the limit stop 10, respectively, to generate an abutment force to prevent or reduce vibration between the components. Alternatively, the locking means 7 and the support arm 3 can be in contact with each other when not yet vertical, so that the interference is generated by the arrangement of the elastic member 11 and when vertical, the interference force is maximal. When the locking member 8 is located at the locking portion 6 after passing over the dead point, there is still an elastic force, thereby generating a buffer to prevent the opening and closing mechanism from vibrating.

The application of an embodiment has solved the clearance problem that exists among the current switching mechanism at least, and the support arm can closely laminate with locking device and spacing backstop all the time, prevents to take place to vibrate between each part when the vehicle operation, and very big improvement vehicle switching mechanism's locking effect has great meaning to guaranteeing vehicle safe operation.

A second embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle having an opening and closing mechanism according to any one of the preceding claims. Preferably, the vehicle has two symmetrically arranged opening and closing mechanisms that can share the mounting frame 1 and the base plate 2.