阅读说明：本技术 电活性纤维、其制造及其在纺织品中的用途 (Electroactive fibres, their manufacture and their use in textiles ) 是由 I·德尼斯 于 2021-06-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及电活性纤维、其制造及其在纺织品中的用途。本发明涉及电活性纤维(2、2’),其特征在于,所述电活性纤维(2、2’)是由卷绕的复合膜(1)构成的中空纤维,所述复合膜具有层结构,所述层结构包括至少一个离子传导聚合物层(10)和至少一个第一和第二电和离子传导聚合物层(11、12),其中所述至少一个离子传导聚合物层(10)布置在所述第一与第二电和离子传导聚合物层(11、12)之间并且使它们彼此机械分离。本发明还涉及包含电活性纤维(2、2’)的电活性纺织平面物(3),以及用于制造电活性纤维(2、2’)的方法以及电活性纺织平面物(3)的用途。(The present invention relates to electroactive fibres, their manufacture and their use in textiles. The invention relates to an electroactive fiber (2, 2'), characterized in that the electroactive fiber (2, 2') is a hollow fiber consisting of a wound composite membrane (1) having a layer structure comprising at least one ionically conductive polymer layer (10) and at least one first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (11, 12), wherein the at least one ionically conductive polymer layer (10) is arranged between the first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers (11, 12) and mechanically separates them from each other. The invention also relates to an electroactive textile panel (3) comprising electroactive fibers (2, 2'), and to a method for producing electroactive fibers (2, 2') and to the use of an electroactive textile panel (3).)

1. Electroactive fiber (2, 2'), characterized in that the electroactive fiber (2, 2') is a hollow fiber consisting of a wound composite membrane (1) having a layer structure comprising at least one ionically conductive polymer layer (10) and at least one first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (11) and at least one second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (12), wherein the at least one ionically conductive polymer layer (10) is arranged between the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (11) and the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (12) and mechanically separates them from each other.

2. The electroactive fiber (2, 2') according to claim 1, wherein the composite membrane (1) constituting the electroactive fiber (2, 2') comprises at least one ionically conductive polymer layer (10) and at least one first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (11) and at least one second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (12), wherein the at least one ionically conductive polymer layer (10) is arranged between and mechanically separates the first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers (11, 12) from each other, and at least one of the first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers (11, 12) is doped with at least one ionic compound.

3. The electroactive fiber (2, 2') of claim 1 or 2, wherein the composite membrane (1) constituting the electroactive fiber (2, 2') is provided with at least one layer (14) of electrically non-conductive material on at least one surface of the first and/or the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (11, 12) facing away from the at least one ionically conductive polymer layer (10).

4. The electroactive fiber (2, 2') of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (11) is connected to a first pole of a voltage source (15, 15'), and the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (12) is connected to a second pole of the voltage source (15, 15 ').

5. An electroactive textile plane (3) comprising at least one electroactive fiber (2, 2') according to any of claims 1 to 4.

6. The electroactive textile panel (3) of claim 5, wherein the electroactive textile panel (3) is connected to a plurality of voltage sources (15, 15').

7. The electroactive textile panel (3) of claim 5 or 6, wherein the electroactive textile panel (3) is divided into a plurality of areas (20, 20'), and each area (20, 20') is individually connected to a respective one of the voltage sources (15, 15 ').

8. The electroactive textile panel (3) of any of claims 5 to 7, wherein the electroactive textile panel (3) is a woven, knitted, braided or knitted fabric.

9. Method for producing an electroactive fiber (2, 2'), wherein the method comprises at least the following method steps:

(i) providing an ion-conducting polymer layer (10) having first and second surfaces;

(ii) coating a first surface of said ion-conducting polymer layer (10) with at least one first electric and ion-conducting polymer layer (11) and a second surface of said ion-conducting polymer layer (10) with at least one second electric and ion-conducting polymer layer (12) to thereby obtain a composite membrane (1) having a first and a second surface;

(iii) optionally coating the first and/or second surface of the composite film (1) with at least one layer (14) of electrically non-conductive material;

(iv) providing a composite film (1) obtained according to method steps (i) to (iii), wherein the composite film (1) has an aspect ratio of at least 1: 5;

(v) (iii) winding the composite membrane (1) obtained in method step (iv) to obtain a hollow fiber; and

(vi) the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (11) is contacted with a first pole of a voltage source (15, 15'), and the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer (12) is contacted with a second pole of the voltage source (15, 15').

10. Use of an electroactive textile surface (3) as a filter with adjustable fineness.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to electroactive fibers whose fiber diameter can be controlled by applying a voltage. In textile planar objects, such electroactive fibers offer the possibility of actively controlling the fineness of the planar object.

Background

Electroactive polymers (EAPs) are characterized by shape changes caused by current-induced through-deformation. Corresponding polymers are known from the prior art. In the case of ionic electroactive polymers (ieps), the deformation is due to the induction of ionic diffusion in the polymer by applying a voltage to the polymer, which leads to deformation. Ionic electroactive polymers have been used in Micropumps, Microvalves and microstirners (M. Annabestani, M. Faradmanesh, Ionic Electro active Polymer-Based Soft Actuators and Heat Applications in Mircopic Micropumps, Microvales, and Micromixers: A Review, arXiv prediction, arXiv:1904.07149, 2019, arXiv. org).

Disclosure of Invention

Conductive Polymer Actuators (CPAs) constitute a subset of the ieps and are based on semiconducting polymers that are made conductive by doping with donor or acceptor ions. By a three-layer structure in which two CPA layers are separated from each other by a membrane layer made of an ion-conducting electrical insulator, a composite material with electrically induced reversible deformability is obtained. Here, the conductive polymer layer serves as an electrode. When a voltage is applied to these electrodes, redox reactions in the electrodes and diffusion of dopant ions through the membrane layer occur to effect charge balancing. This results in contraction of the ion-releasing (ion donor) polymer layer (hereinafter also referred to as the donor electrode) and expansion of the ion-receiving (ion acceptor) polymer layer (hereinafter also referred to as the acceptor electrode), which results in macroscopic deformation of the CPA. CPA is in particular characterized in that the voltage required for actuator deformation is small, in particular less than 10V. The structure is used in the invention in order to provide electroactive fibers and to vary the textile surface produced therefrom in a targeted manner with regard to its structure, in particular with regard to its fineness or mesh.

The invention relates to an electroactive fiber, characterized in that it is a hollow fiber consisting of a wound composite membrane having a layer structure comprising at least one ion-conducting polymer layer and at least one first and second electrical and ion-conducting polymer layer, wherein the at least one ion-conducting polymer layer is arranged between the first and second electrical and ion-conducting polymer layers and mechanically separates them from one another.

In the sense of the present invention, an electroactive fibre is a fibre which reacts to the application of an electrical pulse, in particular a voltage, and which changes the spatial dimensions of the fibre accordingly. Preferably, the diameter of the electroactive fibre can be reversibly changed, in particular, by applying a voltage.

This property is achieved by the layer structure of the composite film according to the invention consisting of electroactive fibers. The composite membrane of the present invention comprises at least one ionically conductive polymer layer and at least two electrically conductive polymer layers, wherein the ionically conductive polymer layer is disposed between the first and second electrically conductive polymer layers.

The ion-conducting polymer layer is characterized in that it has a conducting capacity for ions. In one embodiment of the present invention, the ion-conducting polymer layer has a conducting ability to cations. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the ion-conducting polymer layer has a conducting capacity for anions. In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the ion-conducting polymer layer has a conducting capacity for cations and anions.

The ion conductivity of the ion-conducting polymer layer is preferably 10^-1To 10^-10 cm²S, more preferably 10^-5To 10^-9 cm²/s。

Furthermore, the ion conducting polymer layer is characterized in that it is not electrically conductive. Thus, the ion conducting polymer layer is an electrical insulator. This property is important for mechanically separating conductive polymer layers (described below) disposed on the surfaces of the ion conductive polymer layers from each other and preventing short circuits. The ion-conducting polymer layer is therefore also referred to as a separator.

Suitable materials for the ion-conducting polymer layer are all polymers which have a sufficient conductivity for ions, in particular for the ions of the dopant used. These materials are also commonly used as separator materials in lithium ion batteries and are well known to those skilled in the art. It should be emphasized that Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), cellulose, polyolefins such as Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and combinations thereof. Particularly preferred polymers are Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), more preferably polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), in particular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

The ion conducting polymer layer has a first surface and a second surface, wherein the first surface and the second surface face away from each other. At least one first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer is disposed on the first surface. At least one second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer is disposed on the second surface. The first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers may be the same as or different from each other. The first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers may be made of the same material, or made of different materials. The first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers may have the same layer thickness or different layer thicknesses from each other.

The first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers are characterized in that they are electrically conductive. Preferably, the conductivity is 10^-13To 10³ S·cm^-1。

The first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers are further characterized in that they have a conductive ability to ions. In one embodiment of the present invention, the first and second electrically and ionically conducting polymer layers have a conductive ability to cations. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the first and second electrically and ionically conducting polymer layers have a conducting capacity for anions. In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the first and second electrically and ionically conducting polymer layers have a conductive capability for cations and anions.

The ionic conductivities of the first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers are preferably 10^-1To 10^-10 cm²S, more preferably 10^-5To 10^-9 cm²/s。

The first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers comprise at least one polymer and at least one dopant, which is also referred to as an electrolyte.

Suitable polymers for the electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer are, inter alia, NAFION, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Polyaniline (PANI), Polyimide (PI), and combinations thereof.

In addition to the polymeric material, the electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer further comprises at least one dopant. Suitable dopants are ionic compounds. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, salts are used which have sterically demanding anions and/or sterically demanding cations which are able to migrate through the ion-conducting polymer layer and thus cause expansion or contraction of the electrically and ionically conducting polymer layer.

Suitable anions are selected, for example, from halide ions (Cl)^-、Br^-、I^-、F^-) And perchlorate ion ([ ClO ]₄]^-) Tetrafluoroborate ion ([ BF ]₄]^-) Hexafluorophosphate ion ([ PF ]₆]^-) Hexafluoroarsenate ion ([ AsF ]₆]^-) Nitrate ion ([ NO ]₃]^-) Triflate ion ([ SO)₃CF₃]^-) Bis (fluorosulfonyl) imino ([ N (SO) ]₂F)₂]^-、FSI^-) Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imino ([ N (SO) ]₂(CF₃))₂]、TFSI^-) Bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imino ([ N (SO) ]₂C₂F₅)₂]^-、BETI^-) Bis (oxalato) borate ion ([ B (C) ]₂O₄)₂]^-、BOB^-) Difluoro (oxalato) borate radicalSub ([ BF ]₂(C₂O₄)]^-、DFOB^-) And tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate ion ([ PF ]₃(C₂F₅)₃]^-). These may be used alone or in combination with each other.

Particular preference is given to using the triflate ion ([ SO)₃CF₃]^-) Bis (fluorosulfonyl) imino ([ N (SO) ]₂F)₂]^-、FSI^-) Bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imino ([ N (SO) ]₂(CF₃))₂]、TFSI^-) Bis (pentafluoroethanesulfonyl) imino ([ N (SO) ]₂C₂F₅)₂]^-、BETI^-) Bis (oxalato) borate ion ([ B (C) ]₂O₄)₂]^-、BOB^-) Difluoro (oxalato) borate ion ([ BF ]₂(C₂O₄)]^-、DFOB^-) And tris (pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate ion ([ PF ]₃(C₂F₅)₃]^-) In particular bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imino ([ N (SO) s)₂(CF₃))₂]、TFSI^-) As anions with high space requirements.

Suitable cations are generally selected from alkali metal cations and alkaline earth metal cations, in particular alkali metal cations. Lithium cations and sodium cations, especially lithium cations, are particularly preferred. Other preferred cations are sterically demanding cations, in particular imidazolium cations, such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation.

Particularly preferred dopants are lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (Li-TFSI), sodium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (Na-TFSI) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide salts (EMI-TFSI), in particular 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide salt (EMI-TFSI).

Furthermore, the first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers have in each case at least one electrical conductor (contact strip) by means of which the composite membrane can be electrically controlled, for example via a potentiostat. The electrical conductor may be composed of the same material as the electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer, or of another electrically conductive material, such as another electrically conductive polymer or metal. Preferably, the electrical conductors are made of an electrically conductive material from which the respective electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers are also made. Alternatively, the electrical conductor is made of metal, such as copper, aluminum or silver.

In principle, all polymer layers of the composite film may have a layer thickness of the same order of magnitude, preferably 1 to 200 μm. The layer thickness ensures sufficient ionic conductivity in all polymer layers.

In general, the ion-conducting polymer layer has a layer thickness of from 1 to 200 μm, preferably from 10 to 100 μm, in particular from 15 to 50 μm.

The first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers typically have a layer thickness of 1 to 200 μm, preferably 10 to 100 μm. Here, the layer thickness of the first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers may be the same, for example, 10 to 50 μm or 50 to 100 μm. Alternatively, the layer thicknesses of the first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers may be different. For example, the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer is thinner than the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer has, for example, a layer thickness of 10 to 50 μm, while the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer has a layer thickness of 50 to 100 μm.

The layer sequence formed from the at least one ion-conducting polymer layer and the at least two electrically and ion-conducting polymer layers forms a composite membrane according to the invention, wherein the at least one ion-conducting polymer layer is arranged between the first and second electrically and ion-conducting polymer layers and mechanically separates them from one another. By winding such a composite film, a fiber structure, in particular a hollow fiber structure, is obtained.

The subject of the invention is also an electroactive fiber, characterized in that it is a hollow fiber consisting of a wound composite membrane having a layer structure comprising at least one ionically conductive polymer layer and at least one first and one second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer, wherein the at least one ionically conductive polymer layer is arranged between the first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers and mechanically separates them from each other, and wherein at least one of the first and second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers is doped with at least one ionic compound.

The electroactive fibres are obtained by winding the composite film, for example under the action of heat. To obtain fibers, composite films having an aspect ratio of at least 1:5, preferably at least 1:10, more preferably at least 1:50, in particular at least 1:100, are used for this purpose. For this purpose, the composite film is wound so as to be orthogonal to the shorter side of the composite film. After cooling, the film remained in the rolled form.

In addition to the polymer layers already mentioned, the composite film may preferably comprise further material layers, which are preferably arranged on at least one surface of the composite film. Preferably, it is arranged on at least one surface of one of the two electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers facing away from the at least one ionically conductive polymer layer. Preferably, the at least one further material layer is made of a non-conductive material. The layer of non-conductive material is preferably made of a flexible and deformable material. Suitable materials are, in particular, polymers, for example polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, polyamides. Particularly preferred are polyolefins, in particular PE and PP, polyesters, in particular PET, and polyamides, in particular PA 6.6.

The invention therefore also provides an electroactive fiber comprising a composite membrane, wherein the composite membrane is provided with at least one electrically non-conductive material layer on at least one surface of the first and/or second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers facing away from the at least one ionically conductive polymer layer.

In order to be able to specifically control the electroactive fibers, the composite membrane is required to be in contact with a voltage source. The contacting may be achieved by an electrical conductor of the first and/or second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers.

The subject of the invention is therefore also an electroactive fiber in which a first electrical and ionic polymer layer is connected to a first pole of a voltage source and a second electrical and ionic polymer layer is connected to a second pole of the voltage source.

The electroactive fibers thus obtained are characterized in that they can be electrically controlled, wherein a targeted and reversible change in the diameter of the electroactive fibers can be achieved by targeted control of the first and/or second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers of the composite membrane.

In one embodiment of the invention, electroactive fibers are used to provide a textile surface. This way an electroactive textile flat can be obtained. The invention therefore also provides an electroactive textile surface comprising at least one electroactive fiber according to the invention. To this end, the fibers of conventional textile fabrics may be replaced, in whole or in part, by the electroactive fibers of the invention.

The electroactive textile sheet can be formed according to various known processing techniques, in particular in the form of a woven, knitted, braided or knitted fabric. It is particularly preferred that the electroactive textile substrate is a woven or knitted fabric, in particular a woven fabric. The invention therefore also relates to an electroactive textile surface, wherein the electroactive textile surface is a woven, knitted, braided or knitted fabric.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electroactive textile substrate is electrically conductively connected to at least one voltage source, but preferably to a plurality of voltage sources. In a further embodiment of the invention, the textile surface is divided into regions and each region is individually connected to a respective voltage source. By means of this embodiment, the error susceptibility of the entire textile surface is reduced. For example, the textile surface is subdivided into at least 2, preferably at least 4, in particular at least 6 individual zones, which are each individually connected to a respective voltage source. If one area is no longer operable due to a fault, in particular a short circuit, the remaining area remains operable and the textile fabric can be used. In addition, each region of the electroactive planar object can be selectively controlled.

Therefore, a further subject matter of the invention is an electroactive textile panel, wherein the electroactive textile panel is connected to a plurality of voltage sources. Another subject matter of the invention is an electroactive textile panel, wherein the electroactive textile panel is divided into a plurality of regions and each region is individually connected to a respective voltage source.

The subject of the invention is also a method for producing an electroactive fiber, comprising the following method steps:

(i) providing an ion conducting polymer layer having first and second surfaces;

(ii) coating a first surface of the ionically conductive polymer layer with at least one first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer and a second surface of the ionically conductive polymer layer with at least one second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer to thereby obtain a composite membrane having first and second surfaces;

(iii) optionally coating the first and/or second surface of the composite film with at least one layer of electrically non-conductive material;

(iv) (iv) providing a composite membrane obtained according to process steps (i) to (iii), wherein the composite membrane has an aspect ratio of at least 1: 5;

(v) (iii) winding the composite membrane obtained in method step (iv) to obtain hollow fibers; and

(vi) the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer is contacted with a first pole of a voltage source and the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer is contacted with a second pole of the voltage source.

The ion-conducting polymer layer is provided as a membrane having a layer thickness of 1 to 200 μm. Common methods can be used, in particular spin coating, knife coating or spray coating on the substrate surface, from which the film can then be removed.

Coating the first and second surfaces of the ion-conducting polymer layer with the respective electrical and ion-conducting polymer layers can be performed by various known methods. For example, spin coating, doctor blading, spray coating, dip coating, chemical deposition and electrochemical deposition are suitable. Preference is given to using electrochemical deposition methods which make it possible to adjust the layer thickness of the electrically and ionically polymer layer particularly well. Suitable methods are known to those skilled in the art.

The same method may also be used to coat the first and/or second surface of the composite film with at least one layer of electrically non-conductive material.

For the production of electroactive fibers, composite membranes having an aspect ratio of at least 1:5, preferably at least 1:10, more preferably at least 1:50, in particular at least 1:100 are provided. The composite film is then wound orthogonally to the shorter side of the composite film, preferably under the action of heat. After cooling, the composite film remains in a wound form and thus an electroactive fiber is formed.

The contacting of the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer with the first pole of the voltage source and the contacting of the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer with the second pole of the voltage source are effected by an electrical conductor and can be carried out both before and after winding.

The electroactive textile substrates according to the invention are characterized in that they can be used as filters with electrically adjustable fineness.

THE ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION

The electroactive fibers of the invention are characterized in that they can be electrically controlled and thus the fiber diameter can be changed in a targeted and reversible manner. If the electroactive fibers are used in textile surfaces, the fineness of the mesh and thus of the surface can be reversibly changed by targeted control of the electroactive fibers. This property can be used advantageously in a filtration system, whereby the filtration system can be reversibly matched to the filtration results to be achieved.

Drawings

Embodiments of the invention are further elucidated with the aid of the drawings and the following description.

Wherein:

figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the operating principle of a CPA;

FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of the structure of a composite film of the present invention having an insulating layer;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of the structure of a fiber of the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the structure of a textile sheet consisting of the fibers of the invention; and

fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of the structure of a composite membrane of the invention with an insulating layer and a connected voltage source.

Detailed Description

In the following description of embodiments of the invention, identical or similar elements are denoted by identical reference numerals, wherein repeated descriptions of these elements are omitted in individual cases. The figures only schematically show the subject matter of the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the principle of operation of a composite membrane 1 according to the invention, which consists of an ion-conducting polymer layer 10, a first electrically and ion-conducting polymer layer 11 and a second electrically and ion-conducting polymer layer 12. Both electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers 11, 12 contain an electrolyte consisting of anions (-) and cations (+) and are contactable by an electrical conductor 13. Fig. 1 (a) shows a composite membrane 1 without an applied voltage. The same composite membrane 1 with a voltage applied by a voltage source 15 is shown in fig. 1 (b). By applying a voltage, the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer 11 becomes the donor electrode, and the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer 12 becomes the acceptor electrode. The anions of the electrolyte migrate from the donor electrode to the acceptor electrode. This results in contraction 41 of the donor electrode and expansion 40 of the acceptor electrode. By reversing the voltage, the mechanical reaction of the electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers 11, 12 may be controlled in opposite directions.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the structure of a composite membrane 1 according to the invention, which consists of an ion-conducting polymer layer 10, a first electric and ion-conducting polymer layer 11 and a second electric and ion-conducting polymer layer 12, wherein the ion-conducting polymer layer 10 is arranged between the first electric and ion-conducting polymer layer 11 and the second electric and ion-conducting polymer layer 12. On the surface of the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer 11 facing away from the ionically conductive polymer layer 10, an electrically non-conductive material layer 14 is additionally arranged, which, when the composite film 1 is wound, inhibits direct contact between the first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer 11 and the second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer 12 and thus inhibits short circuits.

Fig. 3 schematically shows the structure of an electroactive fibre 2 of the invention made from the composite film 1 according to fig. 2 in a top view along the axis of symmetry 30 of the electroactive fibre 2. The electroactive fiber 2 is a hollow fiber obtained by winding the composite film 1. It consists of the structure depicted in fig. 2, which consists of an ionically conductive polymer layer 10, a first electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer 11, a second electrically and ionically conductive polymer layer 12, a layer of electrically non-conductive material 14, and an electrical conductor 13. By applying a voltage from a voltage source 15 to the electrical conductor 13, the diameter of the fibers may vary along the axis of symmetry 30 due to the expansion 40 and contraction 41 of the electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers 11, 12.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic illustration of the structure of an electroactive textile surface 3 consisting of electroactive fibers 2, 2 'according to the invention, wherein the electroactive textile surface 3 consists of two regions 20, 20' which are formed by the electroactive fibers 2 and 2', respectively, and wherein the electroactive fibers 2, 2' can be controlled independently of one another by different voltage sources 15 or 15 'via electrical conductors 13, 13'. This enables improved operational safety of the textile plane 3. The region 20 can also be operated if, for example, the region 20 fails, for example, due to a short circuit. Furthermore, the zones 20, 20' may be controlled separately from each other.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic representation of a composite membrane 1 in cross section. The layers of the composite film 1 correspond to the layers of fig. 2, but are arranged slightly offset from one another, so that contact between the electrically and ionically conductive polymer layers 11, 12 and thus short circuits are also suppressed in the edge regions.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein and the aspects emphasized therein. On the contrary, many variations within the scope of the operation of the person skilled in the art are possible within the scope given by the claims.