阅读说明：本技术 由个别组分制造的威士忌仿制品 (Whiskey imitation made from individual components ) 是由 T·舒尔曼 E·C·贝斯威克 J·C·德科隆戈 J·A·贾斯特热姆布斯基 L·P·席尔瓦 于 2019-10-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本文提供了由个别组分制造威士忌样酒精饮料的材料和方法。(Materials and methods for producing whisky-like alcoholic beverages from individual components are provided herein.)

1. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising:

ethanol;

water; and

one or more additional Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), wherein the one or more additional VOCs are present in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage in a total amount of less than about 100 mg/L.

2. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to claim 1, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, (ethylcyclopentenolone) 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1, 4-cineole, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, allyl heptanoate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, b-caryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, Cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, citronellal, D-carvone, D-fenchone, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, furfuryl thioacetate, gamma-caprolactone, gamma-valerolactone, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), L-menthyl acetate, maltol, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl anthranilate, methylcyclopentenolone, p-anisaldehyde, perillaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propionaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, and vanillyl butyl ether.

3. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to claim 1, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, butyraldehyde, maltol, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

4. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to claim 1, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, maltol and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

5. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol.

6. A whiskey-like alcoholic beverage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol.

7. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

8. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising:

ethanol;

water; and

one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, (ethylcyclopentenolone) 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1, 4-cineole, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, allyl heptanoate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, b-caryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, Cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, citronellal, D-carvone, D-fenchone, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, furfuryl thioacetate, gamma-caprolactone, gamma-valerolactone, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), L-menthyl acetate, maltol, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl anthranilate, methylcyclopentenolone, p-anisaldehyde, perillaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propionaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, and vanillyl butyl ether.

9. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to claim 8, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, butyraldehyde, maltol, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

10. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to claim 8, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, maltol and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

11. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to any one of claims 8 to 10, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol.

12. A whiskey-like alcoholic beverage according to claim 11, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol.

13. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to claim 11, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

14. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising:

ethanol;

water; and

one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol.

15. A whiskey-like alcoholic beverage according to claim 14, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol.

16. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to claim 14, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

17. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise:

an ester;

an alcohol;

an aldehyde, a ketone, or a mixture thereof; and

terpenes, isoprenoids, or mixtures thereof.

18. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to any one of claims 1 to 17, further comprising one or more non-volatile compounds.

19. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising:

ethanol;

water; and

one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is applicable:

1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L;

1-decanol is present in an amount less than about 0.0018 mg/L;

2, 3-pentanedione is present in an amount of at least about 0.0015 mg/L;

2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.23 mg/L;

2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount of at least about 1050 mg/L;

the 3-carene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L;

the 4-terpene alcohol is present in an amount of at least about 0.0046 mg/L;

4-ethylphenol is present in an amount of at least about 1.7 mg/L;

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

pentyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0005 mg/L;

a-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0022 mg/L;

beta-viologen is present in an amount of at least about 0.084 mg/L;

beta-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0003 mg/L;

butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.23 mg/L;

butyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L;

butyric acid is present in an amount of at least about 2.86 mg/L;

carvone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L;

cinnamaldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.04 mg/L;

damascone is present in an amount of at least about 0.14 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L;

ethyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 4.7 mg/L;

ethyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 785 mg/L;

ethyl heptanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L;

ethyl isobutyrate is present in an amount of at least 5.5 mg/L;

The ethyl pelargonate is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L;

ethyl undecanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.19 mg/L;

gamma-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg/L;

gamma-terpinene present in an amount of at least about 0.06 mg/L;

hexanol is present in an amount less than about 0.013 mg/L;

isoamyl acetate present in an amount less than about 0.17 mg/L;

isoamyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0005 mg/L;

linalyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L;

methyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.006 mg/L;

myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L;

propanol is present in an amount less than about 9.8 mg/L;

geraniol is present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L;

isobutyraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 4.4 mg/L;

pelargonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L;

the ethyl benzoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.055 mg/L;

valeraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.0002 mg/L;

less than about 0.000022% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1-decanol;

less than about 0.00009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl nonanoate;

less than about 0.00016% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is hexanol;

less than about 0.0008% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is myrtenol;

At least about 0.0006% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is valeraldehyde;

at least about 0.001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is β -pinene;

at least about 0.0015% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate;

at least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene;

at least about 0.0045% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2, 3-pentanedione;

at least about 0.018% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methyl hexanoate;

at least about 0.007% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-pinene;

at least about 004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin;

at least about 0.12% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is cinnamaldehyde;

at least about 0.157% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate;

at least about 0.024% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is pentanol;

at least about 0.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is damascenone;

at least about 0.83% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is delta-decalactone; or

At least about 0.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol.

20. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising:

ethanol;

water; and

one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is applicable:

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L; or

Myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L; or

At least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene.

21. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising:

ethanol;

water; and

one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is applicable:

1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L;

the 3-carene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L;

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

pentyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0005 mg/L;

butyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L;

carvone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L;

Linalyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L;

myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L;

geraniol is present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L;

pelargonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L;

at least about 0.0015% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate;

at least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene; or

At least about 0.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol.

22. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising:

ethanol;

water; and

one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is applicable:

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L;

ethyl heptanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L;

the ethyl pelargonate is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L;

hexanol is present in an amount less than about 0.013 mg/L;

isoamyl acetate present in an amount less than about 0.17 mg/L;

isoamyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0005 mg/L;

myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L;

propanol is present in an amount less than about 9.8 mg/L;

At least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene;

at least about 004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin;

at least about 0.157% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate; or

At least about 0.83% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is delta-decalactone.

23. A whiskey-like alcoholic beverage according to any one of claims 19 to 22, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol.

24. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage according to any one of claims 19 to 22, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise:

an ester;

an alcohol;

an aldehyde, a ketone, or a mixture thereof; and

terpenes, isoprenoids, or mixtures thereof.

25. A method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the method comprising:

providing an aqueous solution; and is

Adding to the aqueous solution ingredients comprising:

the reaction mixture of ethanol and water is added,

a source of a tannin,

a plurality of oak blocks or oak extracts,

a non-volatile compound, wherein the non-volatile compound comprises a sugar or sugar alcohol and an acid, an

One or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise an ester, an alcohol, an aldehyde, or a ketone, or both, and a terpene, or an isoprenoid, or both.

26. A method for making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the method comprising combining:

the amount of water is controlled by the amount of water,

one or more kinds of acid(s),

one or more kinds of sugar(s),

one or more kinds of sugar alcohols selected from the group consisting of,

one or more tannin components selected from the group consisting of,

one or more of a plurality of flavoring agents,

ethanol, and

five or more additional VOCs selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-heptanone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl acetate, Ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, guaiacol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, propanol, propyl acetate, vanillyl ether, and whiskey lactone.

27. A method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the method comprising:

the combination comprises the following ingredients:

water (W)

Ethanol; and

five or more additional VOCs, wherein at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are provided as separate components.

28. A method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the method comprising:

providing a composition comprising:

ethanol;

water; and

one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the one or more additional VOCs is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whiskey, and

adding ethanol, water, or a combination thereof to the composition to reduce the concentration of the at least one additional VOC to about the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky.

29. A method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the method comprising:

providing a composition comprising:

ethanol;

water; and

one or more additional non-volatile compounds, wherein at least one of the one or more non-volatile compounds is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding conventional whiskey; and is

Adding ethanol, water, or a combination thereof to the composition to reduce the concentration of the at least one non-volatile compound to about the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding conventional whisky.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in a corresponding traditional whiskey.

31. The method of claim 29 or claim 30, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one non-volatile compound present in the corresponding traditional whiskey.

32. The method of any one of claims 29 to 31, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage further comprises one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

33. The method of any one of claims 29 to 32, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage further comprises one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one VOC present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

34. The method of any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding traditional whiskey.

35. The method of any one of claims 29 to 34, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 10 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding traditional whiskey.

36. The method of any one of claims 29 to 35, wherein after the adding step, the whisky alcoholic beverage is a whisky alcoholic beverage according to any one of claims 1 to 24.

Technical Field

This document relates to materials and methods for manufacturing whiskey from individual components.

Background

Whisky (also known as whisky) is a type of alcoholic beverage, actually encompassing a class of spirits, including but not limited to whisky, bourbon, scotch and rye whisky. Whisky/whisky is typically made by fermenting grains, distilling and aging in a wooden cask. The general determinant between whisky and whisky is the place of origin. "whisky" is typically manufactured in ireland and the united states, while "whisky" is generally manufactured in scotland, canada, japan and other countries.

In addition to native countries, the type of whiskey (whiskey)/whiskey (whisky) is also determined by the grain used in the distillation process. For example, american whisky is a wide variety, but is typically made from corn, rye, barley, or wheat and aged in oak barrels. The Boben whisky is a American whisky and needs to be made from mash containing at least 51% corn and aged in a fresh burnt oak barrel. Irish whisky is distilled in irish and aged in wooden casks for at least three years before bottling. Scotch whisky is made from barley and distilled in scotch and aged in oak kegs for at least three years. Barley can be dried using the smoke produced by burning peat, which can provide the smoky flavour characteristic of scotch whisky. Rye whisky is a american whisky and is similar to the boresian, but it must be distilled from a mash containing at least 51% rye. Whiskey in canada ferments, distills and ages grains, which typically undergo fermentation, distillation and ageing separately, followed by co-mixing, to give the final product.

In the following of this document, the term "whisky" refers to both whisky and whisky spirits.

Traditional methods for manufacturing whisky can be energy intensive and costly, including harvesting of specific crops followed by processing, fermentation, and aging steps. Conventional distillation begins with grains undergoing a series of chemical and physical processes, from wort production and mash fermentation to product aging. In conventional manufacturing processes, the type of grain used to create whiskey, water and wood, and the climate in which the product is aged are all important. Each component of a traditional whisky manufacturing process that is geographically limited may have inherent variability and risks, including climate, crop disease and pollution, which may make such processes and products derived therefrom inconsistent from lot to lot and year to year.

Disclosure of Invention

This document is based, at least in part, on identifying compounds that contribute to the flavor and aroma of whiskey, and developing a method of combining these compounds to obtain whiskey replicas (whiskey replicas) that have the taste, aroma and other characteristics of whiskey produced in traditional ways. As each ingredient is added individually, the methods disclosed herein reduce many of the risks and variability associated with conventional whiskey manufacturing. The method also provides infinite repeatability of the recipe, which is not achievable with conventional manufacturing methods. In addition, the methods described herein provide unique flexibility in optimizing the flavor, aroma, and texture of various types of whisky (e.g., the wave and scotch whisky), and greatly reduce or even eliminate the possibility that the resulting beverage contains harmful or undesirable components. Furthermore, the methods disclosed herein differ from currently existing methods in that they are fast, repeatable, and cost effective.

In a first aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), wherein the one or more additional VOCs are present in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage in a total amount of less than about 100 mg/L. The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, (ethylcyclopentenolone) 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1, 4-cineole, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, allyl heptanoate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, b-caryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, Cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, citronellal, D-carvone, D-fenchone (D-fenchone), DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, furfuryl thioacetate, gamma-caprolactone, gamma-valerolactone, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), L-menthyl acetate, maltol, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl anthranilate, methylcyclopentenolone, p-anisaldehyde, perillaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propionaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, and vanillyl butyl ether. The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, butyraldehyde, maltol, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde and trans-2-hexen-1-al. The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, maltol and trans-2-hexen-1-al. The one or more additional VOCs can be devoid of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol. The one or more additional VOCs can be devoid of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol. The one or more additional VOCs can be devoid of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, where the one or more additional VOCs include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, (ethylcyclopentenolone) 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1, 4-cineole, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, allyl heptanoate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, b-caryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, Cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, citronellal, D-carvone, D-fenchone, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, furfuryl thioacetate, gamma-caprolactone, gamma-valerolactone, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), L-menthyl acetate, maltol, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl anthranilate, methylcyclopentenolone, p-anisaldehyde, perillaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propionaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, and vanillyl butyl ether. The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, butyraldehyde, maltol, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde and trans-2-hexen-1-al. The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, maltol and trans-2-hexen-1-al. The one or more additional VOCs can be devoid of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol. The one or more additional VOCs can be devoid of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol. The one or more additional VOCs can be devoid of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol. The whiskey-like alcoholic beverage of claim 14, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol. The one or more additional VOCs can be devoid of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

In any of the above embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs can include esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, or mixtures thereof, and terpenes, isoprenoids, or mixtures thereof.

In any of the above embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may further include one or more non-volatile compounds.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is applicable:

1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L;

1-decanol is present in an amount less than about 0.0018 mg/L;

2, 3-pentanedione is present in an amount of at least about 0.0015 mg/L;

2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.23 mg/L;

2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount of at least about 1050 mg/L;

the 3-carene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L;

the 4-terpene alcohol is present in an amount of at least about 0.0046 mg/L;

4-ethylphenol is present in an amount of at least about 1.7 mg/L;

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

pentyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0005 mg/L;

a-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0022 mg/L;

beta-viologen (beta-ionine) is present in an amount of at least about 0.084 mg/L;

beta-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0003 mg/L;

butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.23 mg/L;

Butyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L;

butyric acid is present in an amount of at least about 2.86 mg/L;

carvone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L;

cinnamaldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.04 mg/L;

damascone (damascone) is present in an amount of at least about 0.14 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L;

ethyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 4.7 mg/L;

ethyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 785 mg/L;

ethyl heptanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L;

ethyl isobutyrate is present in an amount of at least 5.5 mg/L;

the ethyl pelargonate is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L;

ethyl undecanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.19 mg/L;

gamma-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg/L;

gamma-terpinene present in an amount of at least about 0.06 mg/L;

hexanol is present in an amount less than about 0.013 mg/L;

isoamyl acetate present in an amount less than about 0.17 mg/L;

isoamyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0005 mg/L;

linalyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L;

methyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.006 mg/L;

myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L;

propanol is present in an amount less than about 9.8 mg/L;

geraniol is present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L;

Isobutyraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 4.4 mg/L;

pelargonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L;

the ethyl benzoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.055 mg/L;

valeraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.0002 mg/L;

less than about 0.000022% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1-decanol;

less than about 0.00009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl nonanoate;

less than about 0.00016% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is hexanol;

less than about 0.0008% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is myrtenol;

at least about 0.0006% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is valeraldehyde;

at least about 0.001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is β -pinene;

at least about 0.0015% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate;

at least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene;

at least about 0.0045% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2, 3-pentanedione;

at least about 0.018% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methyl hexanoate;

at least about 0.007% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-pinene;

At least about 004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin;

at least about 0.12% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is cinnamaldehyde;

at least about 0.157% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate;

at least about 0.024% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is pentanol;

at least about 0.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is damascenone;

at least about 0.83% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is delta-decalactone; or

At least about 0.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is applicable:

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L; or

Myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L; or

At least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is applicable:

1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L;

the 3-carene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L;

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

pentyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0005 mg/L;

butyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L;

carvone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L;

linalyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L;

myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L;

geraniol is present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L;

pelargonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L;

at least about 0.0015% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate;

at least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene; or

At least about 0.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is applicable:

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

Pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L;

ethyl heptanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L;

the ethyl pelargonate is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L;

hexanol is present in an amount less than about 0.013 mg/L;

isoamyl acetate present in an amount less than about 0.17 mg/L;

isoamyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0005 mg/L;

myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L;

propanol is present in an amount less than about 9.8 mg/L;

at least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene;

at least about 004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin;

at least about 0.157% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate; or

At least about 0.83% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is delta-decalactone.

In any of the above embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs can include butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol. The one or more additional VOCs can include esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, or mixtures thereof, and terpenes, isoprenoids, or mixtures thereof.

In another aspect, this document features a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, where the method includes providing an aqueous solution and adding to the aqueous solution ingredients comprising: ethanol; a source of tannin (tannin); a plurality of oak pieces or oak extracts; a non-volatile compound, wherein the non-volatile compound comprises a sugar or sugar alcohol and an acid; and one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise an ester, an alcohol, an aldehyde, or a ketone, or both, and a terpene, or an isoprenoid, or both.

In another aspect, this document features a method for making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, where the method includes combining water, one or more acids, one or more sugars, one or more sugar alcohols, one or more tannin components, one or more flavorings, ethanol, and five or more additional VOCs selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-heptanone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl acetate, Ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, guaiacol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, propanol, propyl acetate, vanillyl ether, and whiskey lactone.

This document also features a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, where the method includes combining ingredients including water, ethanol, and five or more additional VOCs, where at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are provided as separate ingredients.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs are present in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage in a total amount of less than about 100 mg/L. The one or more additional VOCs can include 4-ethylphenol. The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-ethylphenol, p-anisic aldehyde, butyric acid, capric acid, delta-decalactone, isobutyric acid, maltol, caprylic acid, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and caproic acid. In some cases, the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: citronellol, eugenol, guaiacol, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isovaleraldehyde, 1-diethoxyethane, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl laurate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, propanol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, furfural, heptyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, Methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, phenethyl butyrate, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, 1-octanol, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, ethyl salicylate, ethyl valerate, farnesol, gamma-terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, phenethyl formate, diethyl succinate, myrtenol, methyl decanoate, nonanal, nonanoic acid, and pentanal.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, where the one or more additional VOCs include 4-ethylphenol. The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-ethylphenol, p-anisic aldehyde, butyric acid, capric acid, delta-decalactone, isobutyric acid, maltol, caprylic acid, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and caproic acid. In some cases, the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: citronellol, eugenol, guaiacol, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isovaleraldehyde, 1-diethoxyethane, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl laurate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, propanol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, furfural, heptyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, Methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, phenethyl butyrate, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, 1-octanol, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, ethyl salicylate, ethyl valerate, farnesol, gamma-terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, phenethyl formate, diethyl succinate, myrtenol, methyl decanoate, nonanal, nonanoic acid, and pentanal.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that contains ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-ethylphenol, p-anisic aldehyde, butyric acid, capric acid, delta-decalactone, isobutyric acid, maltol, caprylic acid, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, and caproic acid. In some cases, the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: citronellol, eugenol, guaiacol, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isovaleraldehyde, 1-diethoxyethane, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl laurate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, propanol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, furfural, heptyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, Methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, phenethyl butyrate, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, 1-octanol, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, ethyl salicylate, ethyl valerate, farnesol, gamma-terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, phenethyl formate, diethyl succinate, myrtenol, methyl decanoate, nonanal, nonanoic acid, and pentanal.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: citronellol, eugenol, guaiacol, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isovaleraldehyde, 1-diethoxyethane, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl laurate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, propanol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, furfural, heptyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, Methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, phenethyl butyrate, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, 1-octanol, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, ethyl salicylate, ethyl valerate, farnesol, gamma-terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, phenethyl formate, diethyl succinate, myrtenol, methyl decanoate, nonanal, nonanoic acid, and pentanal.

In any of the above embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs can include one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, or no more than six of the following: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol. In some cases, the one or more additional VOCs can include butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

2-methyl-1-butanol may be present in an amount less than about 0.25mg/L, or 2-methyl-1-butanol may be present in an amount of at least about 1000 mg/L. The 2-methylbutyraldehyde can be present in an amount of less than about 0.004mg/L or it can be present in an amount of at least about 0.15 mg/L. The 3-carene may be present in an amount of less than about 0.00033mg/L or in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L. The pentyl butyrate may be present in an amount less than about 0.00012mg/L or at least about 0.00048 mg/L. The a-pinene may be present in an amount less than about 0.00056mg/L or in an amount of at least about 0.0022 mg/L. Cinnamaldehyde can be present in an amount less than about 0.000085mg/L or in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L. Citronellol can be present in an amount less than about 0.0002mg/L or it can be present in an amount of at least about 0.046 mg/L. The ethyl acetate may be present in an amount less than about 42mg/L or it may be present in an amount of at least about 780 mg/L. Isoamyl acetate may be present in an amount less than about 0.18mg/L or it may be present in an amount of at least about 8.2 mg/L. Isobutyl acetate may be present in an amount less than about 0.0065mg/L or it may be present in an amount of at least about 0.35 mg/L. Linalool can be present in an amount of less than about 0.0075mg/L or in an amount of at least about 0.03 mg/L. The methyl decanoate can be present in an amount less than about 0.0018mg/L or it can be present in an amount of at least about 0.0075 mg/L. The 1-decanol can be present in an amount less than about 0.0018 mg/L. 1-octen-3-ol may be present in an amount of less than about 0.005 mg/L. The 2-methylbutyl acetate can be present in an amount of less than about 0.066 mg/L. The benzaldehyde can be present in an amount less than about 0.0008 mg/L. Butanol may be present in an amount less than about 0.23 mg/L. The ethyl cinnamate can be present in an amount less than about 0.00023 mg/L. The ethyl heptanoate can be present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L. The ethyl pelargonate can be present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L. Hexanol may be present in an amount less than about 0.014 mg/L. Isopentanol can be present in an amount less than about 25 mg/L. Isoamyl octanoate may be present in an amount less than about 0.0005 mg/L. Isobutanol can be present in an amount less than about 9.2 mg/L. The methyl octanoate may be present in an amount less than about 0.00017 mg/L. The methyl salicylate can be present in an amount of less than about 0.00004 mg/L. Myrcene may be present in an amount less than about 0.0015 mg/L. The myrtenol may be present in an amount less than about 0.067 mg/L. The phenylethyl butyrate may be present in an amount less than about 0.00015 mg/L. The propanol may be present in an amount less than about 48 mg/L. The 1, 1-diethoxyethane can be present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L. The 2, 3-pentanedione can be present in an amount of at least about 0.0014 mg/L. The 2-nonanone may be present in an amount of at least about 0.08 mg/L. The 2-undecanone can be present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L. Acetoin may be present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L. The pentanol may be present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L. The a-terpineol may be present in an amount of at least about 0.006 mg/L. The beta-ionone may be present in an amount of at least about 0.035 mg/L. The beta-pinene may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0032 mg/L. Butyl acetate may be present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L. Carvone may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L. Damascone may be present in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg/L. The ethyl butyrate may be present in an amount of at least about 2.1 mg/L. The ethyl decanoate can be present in an amount of at least about 30 mg/L. The ethyl hexanoate may be present in an amount of at least about 4 mg/L. Ethyl isobutyrate can be present in an amount of at least about 5.4 mg/L. The ethyl isovalerate may be present in an amount of at least about 1.6 mg/L. The ethyl myristate may be present in an amount of at least about 0.12 mg/L. The ethyl undecanoate can be present in an amount of at least about 0.005 mg/L. The gamma-decalactone can be present in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg/L. The gamma terpinene may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0018 mg/L. Geraniol may be present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L. The isoamyl hexanoates can be present in an amount of at least about 0.001 mg/L. The isoamyl isovalerate may be present in an amount of at least about 0.00075 mg/L. Isobutyraldehyde may be present in an amount of at least about 1.1 mg/L. Limonene can be present in an amount of at least about 0.009 mg/L. Linalyl acetate may be present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L. Methyl hexanoate may be present in an amount of at least about 0.002 mg/L. The methyl laurate can be present in an amount of at least about 0.0055 mg/L. Nonanal may be present in an amount of at least about 0.002 mg/L. Pelargonic acid may be present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L. The ethyl benzoate may be present in an amount of at least about 0.055 mg/L. Salicylaldehyde can be present in an amount of at least about 0.02 mg/L. Valeraldehyde may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0002 mg/L.

In some cases, one or more of the following may be applicable: less than about 0.00009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2-methylbutyraldehyde or at least about 0.15% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2-methylbutyraldehyde; less than about 0.000003% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is phenethylbutyrate; less than about 0.000011% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl octanoate; less than about 0.000018% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl phenylacetate; less than about 0.00004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1-decanol; less than about 0.00004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methyl decanoate; less than about 0.0001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1-octen-3-ol; less than about 0.00016% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl nonanoate; less than about 0.0003% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is hexanol; less than about 0.0015% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is myrtenol; less than about 0.9% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl alcohol; at least about 0.0002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is valeraldehyde; at least about 0.00032% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is β -pinene; at least about 0.0005% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate; at least about 0.00075% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl isovalerate; at least about 0.001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl hexanoates; at least about 0.0013% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene; at least about 0.0014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2, 3-pentanedione; at least about 0.0017% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is γ -terpinene; at least about 0.002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methyl hexanoate; at least about 0.002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is nonanal; at least about 0.0025% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-pinene; at least about 0.004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is carvone; at least about 0.005% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl undecanoate; at least about 0.006% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-terpineol; at least about 0.0076% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methylthiopropanal; at least about 0.009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is limonene; at least about 0.014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin; at least about 0.014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is cinnamaldehyde; at least about 0.02% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is salicylaldehyde; at least about 0.03% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalool; at least about 0.035% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl trans-2-butenoate; at least about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is farnesol; about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate; at least about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is phenethylformate; at least about 0.067% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is vanillyl ether; at least about 0.068% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2-heptanone; at least about 0.075% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is pentanol; at least about 0.09% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is pelargonic acid; at least about 0.1% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is damascenone; at least about 0.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl myristate; at least about 0.2% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is γ -decalactone; at least about 0.26% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol; at least about 0.33% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isobutyl acetate; at least about 0.46% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is citronellol; at least about 1.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isobutyraldehyde; at least about 1.6% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl isovalerate; at least about 4.9% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1, 1-diethoxyethane; and/or at least about 5.2% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl isobutyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs can include esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, or mixtures thereof, and terpenes, isoprenoids, or mixtures thereof. In some cases, the one or more additional VOCs can further comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acids, alcohols, phenols, lactones, thiols, or ethers.

For example, the one or more additional VOCs can include one or more esters. The one or more esters may be selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, amyl butyrate, benzyl acetate, butyl formate, butyl isovalerate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, linalyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, methyl valerate, benzyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, amyl acetate, benzyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl myristate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, Phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl octanoate, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, phenylethyl formate, propyl acetate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, (methylthio) ethyl acetate, heptyl acetate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, methyl acetate, and phenylethyl propionate.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more acids. At least about 0.09% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can comprise the one or more acids. The one or more acids may be selected from the group consisting of: 3, 7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acid, butyric acid, capric acid, isobutyric acid, caprylic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid and pelargonic acid.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more alcohols. The one or more alcohols may be selected from the group consisting of: 1-octanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-nonanol, 2-phenylethanol, butanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, pentanol, butanol, hexanol, isopentanol, isobutanol and propanol.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more aldehydes or ketones. Less than about 0.004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can include the one or more aldehydes or ketones. The one or more aldehydes or ketones may be selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetaldehyde, acetoin, benzaldehyde, butyraldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, damascenone, furfural, isovaleraldehyde, maltol, nonanal, trans-2-hexen-1-al, isobutyraldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 2-heptanone, acetophenone, methylthiopropionaldehyde, valeraldehyde, propionaldehyde, and p-anisaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more terpenes or isoprenoids. Less than about 0.002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may comprise the one or more terpenes or isoprenoids. The one or more terpenes or isoprenoids may be selected from the group consisting of: 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, alpha ionone, a-phellandrene, (-) alpha-pinene, a-terpineol, beta-ionone, (-) beta-pinene, carvone, (-) cis-rose ether, citronellol, gamma-terpinene, limonene, linalool oxide, myrcene, myrtenol, p-cymene, farnesol, geraniol, geranylacetone and eucalyptol.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more phenols. The one or more phenols may be selected from the group consisting of: 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, eugenol, guaiacol and p-cresol.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more lactones. The one or more lactones may be selected from the group consisting of: delta-decalactone, gamma-decalactone, whiskey lactone, and gamma-nonalactone.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more mercaptans. The one or more thiols can include dimethyl sulfide.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more ethers. At least about 0.067% by mass of the one or more VOCs may include the one or more ethers. The one or more ethers may include vanillyl ethyl ether.

The one or more additional VOCs can include at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, furfural, γ -decalactone, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethylbutyrate and whiskey lactone.

The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2, 3-pentanedione, acetaldehyde, pentanol, butyl formate, butyric acid, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl isobutyrate, eugenol, gamma-terpinene, linalool oxide, maltol, and propanol.

The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-nonanone, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylphenol, delta-decalactone, ethyl heptanoate, guaiacol, isoamyl acetate, linalool and linalyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-octanol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-undecanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, amyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, benzyl acetate, butyraldehyde, carvone, citronellol, damascenone, decanoic acid, diethyl malate, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, farnesol, gamma-nonalactone, geraniol, geranylacetone, hexanoic acid, hexanol, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, Methylthiopropanal, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, myrtenol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, p-anisaldehyde, phenethyl formate, phenethyl octanoate, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, valeraldehyde, pentanoic acid, and vanillyl ether.

The one or more additional VOCs can include five or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, acetaldehyde, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, phenyl ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, guaiacol, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl octanoate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, guaiacol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, limonene, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenyl-ethyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, Linalool, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, and whiskey lactone.

The one or more additional VOCs can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2-heptanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, isobutyraldehyde, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, p-cymene, phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl formate, propanol, propyl acetate and vanillyl ether.

The one or more additional VOCs may have less than about 95% identity to VOCs in the single reference whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include at least 61 additional VOCs, wherein no more than 60 of the additional VOCs are found in the single reference whisky.

The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may also include one or more non-volatile compounds. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: mannose, valine, tyrosine, xylose, cinnamic acid, and 2-furoic acid. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include one or more of the following: ribose in an amount less than about 6mg/L, fructose in an amount less than about 3.1mg/L, vanillic acid in an amount less than about 10.3mg/L, vanillin in an amount less than about 0.3mg/L, syringaldehyde in an amount less than about 0.55mg/L, sorbitol in an amount of at least about 5.8mg/L, mannitol in an amount of at least about 7.8mg/L, glucose in an amount of at least about 120mg/L, syringic acid in an amount of at least about 7.5mg/L, acetovanillone in an amount of at least about 0.43mg/L, choline in an amount of at least about 2.8mg/L, glucosamine in an amount of at least about 0.55mg/L, citric acid in an amount of at least about 8.8mg/L, and fumaric acid in an amount of at least about 0.65 mg/L.

The one or more non-volatile compounds may comprise kelp or kelp extract. The herba Zosterae Marinae or herba Zosterae Marinae extract may be thallus laminariae (kombu kelp) or thallus laminariae extract. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include glycerin, gum arabic, or both glycerin and gum arabic.

The one or more non-volatile compounds may include 10 or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 4-O-pentopyranosyl pentopyranose, puerarin A (Assamicin A), catechin, chlorogenic acid, cinchonin Ia, cinnamon tannin A4, cinnamon tannin B1, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, D (-) -amygdalin, digallate glycoside, digallic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, eriodictyol, etophenone (exifone), ferulic acid, gallic acid, cotton cellulose, isorhamnetin, candelin (Kandelin) A2, linoleic acid, luteolin, mulberroside A, naringenin, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, p-coumarinic quinic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, phloretin, phlorizin, procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, digallicin A, epigallocatechin A1, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, digitol, eriodictyol (Exifolin), digitol (Exifolin), ferulic acid, gallic acid B2, procyanidin C1, and its derivatives, Quercetin, quercetin glycoside, quercetin-3 beta-D-glucoside, rhamnose oxazine-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, syringic acid, tannic acid, tetragalloyl glucose, polyester catechin A, tiliroside, trigalloyl glucose and vanillic acid. The one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: d-glucuronic acid, fructose, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid. The one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acetovanillone, choline, fumaric acid, GABA, gallic acid, glucosamine, inositol, mannitol, mannose, proline, ribose, sorbitol, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, and vanillin. The one or more non-volatile compounds have less than about 60% identity to a non-volatile compound in a single reference whiskey. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 10 or more non-volatile compounds, wherein no more than 9 of the non-volatile compounds are found in a single reference whisky. In some cases, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage does not include one or more of the following: coli (E.coli), Salmonella (Salmonella sp.), Brettanomyces (Brettanomyces sp.), Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus), Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces sp.), Acremonium (Acremonium strictum), Cladosporium (Chrysosporium siphilium), Cladosporium (Cladosporium oxysporum), Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum), Mortierella alpina (Mortierella alpina), Mucor (Mucor plumbeus), Paecilomyces viridis (Paecilomyces virilia), Penicillium chrysogenum (Penicillium chrysogenum), Penicillium insectifolium (Penicillium insectifolium), Penicillium insectifolium, Penicillium sulphureum, Trichoderma viridae, Trichoderma sp, Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma sp, 2,4, 6-trichloroanisole, 2,4, 6-tribromoanisole, chlorotetracycline, aldrin, dieldrin, benzene hexachloride, chlordane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), Dichlorodiphenylethylene Dichloride (DDE), dichlorodiphenylethylene dichloride (TDE), dimethylnitrosamine (nitrosodimethylamine), dibromoethane (EDB), heptachloro (heptachlor), heptachloro epoxy, lindane (lindane), mercury, methanol, ethylene glycol, dichloromethane and heavy metals.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that contains ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, where at least one of the following in any combination is applicable: 2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.25mg/L or 2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount of at least about 1000 mg/L; 2-methylbutyraldehyde is present in an amount of less than about 0.004mg/L or 2-methylbutyraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.15 mg/L; 3-carene is present in an amount less than about 0.00033mg/L or 3-carene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L; pentyl butyrate is present in an amount less than about 0.00012mg/L or pentyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 0.00048 mg/L; the a-pinene is present in an amount less than about 0.00056mg/L or the a-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0022 mg/L; cinnamaldehyde is present in an amount less than about 0.000085mg/L or cinnamaldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L; citronellol is present in an amount less than about 0.0002mg/L or citronellol is present in an amount of at least about 0.046 mg/L; ethyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 42mg/L or ethyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 780 mg/L; isoamyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 0.18mg/L or at least about 8.2 mg/L; isobutyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 0.0065mg/L or isobutyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.35 mg/L; linalool is present in an amount of less than about 0.0075mg/L or linalool is present in an amount of at least about 0.03 mg/L; (ii) the methyl decanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0018mg/L or the methyl decanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0075 mg/L; 1-decanol is present in an amount less than about 0.0018 mg/L; 1-octen-3-ol is present in an amount of less than about 0.005 mg/L; 2-methylbutyl acetate is present in an amount of less than about 0.066 mg/L; benzaldehyde is present in an amount less than about 0.0008 mg/L; butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.23 mg/L; ethyl cinnamate is present in an amount less than about 0.00023 mg/L; ethyl heptanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L; the ethyl pelargonate is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L; hexanol is present in an amount less than about 0.014 mg/L; isoamyl alcohol is present in an amount less than about 25 mg/L; isoamyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0005 mg/L; isobutanol is present in an amount less than about 9.2 mg/L; methyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.00017 mg/L; methyl salicylate is present in an amount of less than about 0.00004 mg/L; myrcene is present in an amount less than about 0.0015 mg/L; myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.067 mg/L; phenylethyl butyrate is present in an amount less than about 0.00015 mg/L; propanol is present in an amount less than about 48 mg/L; 1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L; 2, 3-pentanedione is present in an amount of at least about 0.0014 mg/L; 2-nonanone is present in an amount of at least about 0.08 mg/L; 2-undecanone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L; acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L; pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L; a-terpineol is present in an amount of at least about 0.006 mg/L; beta-ionone is present in an amount of at least about 0.035 mg/L; beta-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0032 mg/L; butyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L; carvone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L; damascone is present in an amount of at least about 0.1 mg/L; ethyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 2.1 mg/L; the ethyl decanoate is present in an amount of at least about 30 mg/L; ethyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 4 mg/L; ethyl isobutyrate is present in an amount of at least about 5.4 mg/L; the ethyl isovalerate is present in an amount of at least about 1.6 mg/L; ethyl myristate is present in an amount of at least about 0.12 mg/L; ethyl undecanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.005 mg/L; gamma-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.2 mg/L; gamma-terpinene present in an amount of at least about 0.0018 mg/L; geraniol is present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L; isoamyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.001 mg/L; isoamyl isovalerate is present in an amount of at least about 0.00075 mg/L; isobutyraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 1.1 mg/L; limonene is present in an amount of at least about 0.009 mg/L; linalyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L; methyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.002 mg/L; the methyl laurate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0055 mg/L; nonanal is present in an amount of at least about 0.002 mg/L; pelargonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L; the ethyl benzoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.055 mg/L; salicylaldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.02 mg/L; valeraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.0002 mg/L; less than about 0.00009, by mass of the one or more additional VOCs, is 2-methylbutyraldehyde or at least about 0.15% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2-methylbutyraldehyde; less than about 0.000003% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is phenethylbutyrate; less than about 0.000011% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl octanoate; less than about 0.000018% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl phenylacetate; less than about 0.00004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1-decanol; less than about 0.00004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methyl decanoate; less than about 0.0001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1-octen-3-ol; less than about 0.00016% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl nonanoate; less than about 0.0003% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is hexanol; less than about 0.0015% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is myrtenol; less than about 0.9% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl alcohol; at least about 0.0002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is valeraldehyde; at least about 0.00032% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is β -pinene; at least about 0.0005% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate; at least about 0.00075% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl isovalerate; at least about 0.001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl hexanoates; at least about 0.0013% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene; at least about 0.0014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2, 3-pentanedione; at least about 0.0017% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is γ -terpinene; at least about 0.002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methyl hexanoate; at least about 0.002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is nonanal; at least about 0.0025% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-pinene; at least about 0.004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is carvone; at least about 0.005% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl undecanoate; at least about 0.006% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-terpineol; at least about 0.0076% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methylthiopropanal; at least about 0.009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is limonene; at least about 0.014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin; at least about 0.014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is cinnamaldehyde; at least about 0.02% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is salicylaldehyde; at least about 0.03% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalool; at least about 0.035% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl trans-2-butenoate; at least about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is farnesol; at least about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate; at least about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is phenethylformate; at least about 0.067% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is vanillyl ether; at least about 0.068% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2-heptanone; at least about 0.075% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is pentanol; at least about 0.09% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is pelargonic acid; at least about 0.1% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is damascenone; at least about 0.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl myristate; at least about 0.2% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is γ -decalactone; at least about 0.26% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol; at least about 0.33% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isobutyl acetate; at least about 0.46% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is citronellol; at least about 1.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isobutyraldehyde; at least about 1.6% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl isovalerate; at least about 4.9% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1, 1-diethoxyethane; or at least about 5.2% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl isobutyrate.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that contains ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, where at least one of the following in any combination is applicable: 2-methylbutyl acetate is present in an amount of less than about 0.066 mg/L; a-pinene is present in an amount less than about 0.00056 mg/L; ethyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 42 mg/L; methyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.00017 mg/L; myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.067 mg/L; phenylethyl butyrate is present in an amount less than about 0.00015 mg/L; propanol is present in an amount less than about 48 mg/L; acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L; pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L; a-terpineol is present in an amount of at least about 0.006 mg/L; ethyl myristate is present in an amount of at least about 0.12 mg/L; ethyl undecanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.005 mg/L; isoamyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.001 mg/L; isobutyraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 1.1 mg/L; at least about 0.001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl hexanoates; at least about 0.005% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl undecanoate; at least about 0.006% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-terpineol; at least about 0.014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin; or at least about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that contains ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, where at least one of the following in any combination is applicable: 2-methylbutyl acetate is present in an amount of less than about 0.066 mg/L; a-pinene is present in an amount less than about 0.00056 mg/L; ethyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 42 mg/L; methyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.00017 mg/L; myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.067 mg/L; phenylethyl butyrate is present in an amount less than about 0.00015 mg/L; propanol is present in an amount less than about 48 mg/L; 1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L; 2-undecanone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L; the 3-carene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L; acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L; pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L; pentyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 0.00048 mg/L; a-terpineol is present in an amount of at least about 0.006 mg/L; butyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L; carvone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L; citronellol is present in an amount of at least about 0.046 mg/L; ethyl myristate is present in an amount of at least about 0.12 mg/L; ethyl undecanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.005 mg/L; geraniol is present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L; isoamyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.001 mg/L; isoamyl isovalerate is present in an amount of at least about 0.00075 mg/L; isobutyraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 1.1 mg/L; limonene is present in an amount of at least about 0.009 mg/L; linalool is present in an amount of at least about 0.03 mg/L; linalyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L; the methyl decanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0075 mg/L; the methyl laurate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0055 mg/L; nonanal is present in an amount of at least about 0.002 mg/L; pelargonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L; at least about 0.0005% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate; at least about 0.00075% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl isovalerate; at least about 0.001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl hexanoates; at least about 0.0013% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene; at least about 0.002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is nonanal; at least about 0.004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is carvone; at least about 0.005% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl undecanoate; at least about 0.006% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-terpineol; at least about 0.014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin; at least about 0.03% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalool; at least about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate; or at least about 0.26% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol.

In yet another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that contains ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is applicable: 2-methylbutyl acetate is present in an amount of less than about 0.066 mg/L; 2-methylbutyraldehyde is present in an amount of less than about 0.004 mg/L; pentyl butyrate is present in an amount less than about 0.00012 mg/L; a-pinene is present in an amount less than about 0.00056 mg/L; cinnamaldehyde is present in an amount less than about 0.000085 mg/L; citronellol is present in an amount less than about 0.0002 mg/L; ethyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 42 mg/L; ethyl heptanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L; the ethyl pelargonate is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L; hexanol is present in an amount less than about 0.014 mg/L; isoamyl acetate present in an amount less than about 0.18 mg/L; isoamyl alcohol is present in an amount less than about 25 mg/L; isoamyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0005 mg/L; linalool is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L; the methyl decanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0018 mg/L; methyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.00017 mg/L; methyl salicylate is present in an amount of less than about 0.00004 mg/L; myrcene is present in an amount less than about 0.0015 mg/L; myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.067 mg/L; phenylethyl butyrate is present in an amount less than about 0.00015 mg/L; propanol is present in an amount less than about 48 mg/L; acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L; pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L; a-terpineol is present in an amount of at least about 0.006 mg/L; ethyl myristate is present in an amount of at least about 0.12 mg/L; ethyl undecanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.005 mg/L; isoamyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.001 mg/L; isobutyraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 1.1 mg/L; less than about 0.000003% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is phenethylbutyrate; at least about 0.001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isoamyl hexanoates; at least about 0.005% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl undecanoate; at least about 0.006% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-terpineol; at least about 0.009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is limonene; at least about 0.014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin; at least about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate; at least about 0.075% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is pentanol; at least about 0.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl myristate; or at least about 1.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is isobutyraldehyde.

In any of the above embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs can include one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, or no more than six of the following: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol. In some cases, the one or more additional VOCs can include butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

The one or more additional VOCs can include esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, or mixtures thereof, and terpenes, isoprenoids, or mixtures thereof. In some cases, the one or more additional VOCs can further comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acids, alcohols, phenols, lactones, thiols, or ethers.

For example, the one or more additional VOCs can include one or more esters. The one or more esters may be selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, amyl butyrate, benzyl acetate, butyl formate, butyl isovalerate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, linalyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, methyl valerate, benzyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, amyl acetate, benzyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl myristate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, Phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl octanoate, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, phenylethyl formate, propyl acetate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, (methylthio) ethyl acetate, heptyl acetate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, methyl acetate, and phenylethyl propionate.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more acids. At least about 0.09% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can comprise the one or more acids. The one or more acids may be selected from the group consisting of: 3, 7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acid, butyric acid, capric acid, isobutyric acid, caprylic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid and pelargonic acid.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more alcohols. The one or more alcohols may be selected from the group consisting of: 1-octanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-nonanol, 2-phenylethanol, butanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, pentanol, butanol, hexanol, isopentanol, isobutanol and propanol.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more aldehydes or ketones. Less than about 0.004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can include the one or more aldehydes or ketones. The one or more aldehydes or ketones may be selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetaldehyde, acetoin, benzaldehyde, butyraldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, damascenone, furfural, isovaleraldehyde, maltol, nonanal, trans-2-hexen-1-al, isobutyraldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 2-heptanone, acetophenone, methylthiopropionaldehyde, valeraldehyde, propionaldehyde, and p-anisaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more terpenes or isoprenoids. Less than about 0.002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may comprise the one or more terpenes or isoprenoids. The one or more terpenes or isoprenoids may be selected from the group consisting of: 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, alpha ionone, a-phellandrene, (-) alpha-pinene, a-terpineol, beta-ionone, (-) beta-pinene, carvone, (-) cis-rose ether, citronellol, gamma-terpinene, limonene, linalool oxide, myrcene, myrtenol, p-cymene, farnesol, geraniol, geranylacetone and eucalyptol.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more phenols. The one or more phenols may be selected from the group consisting of: 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, eugenol, guaiacol and p-cresol.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more lactones. The one or more lactones may be selected from the group consisting of: delta-decalactone, gamma-decalactone, whiskey lactone, and gamma-nonalactone.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more mercaptans. The one or more thiols can include dimethyl sulfide.

The one or more additional VOCs can include one or more ethers. At least about 0.067% by mass of the one or more VOCs may include the one or more ethers. The one or more ethers may include vanillyl ethyl ether.

The one or more additional VOCs can include at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, furfural, γ -decalactone, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethylbutyrate and whiskey lactone.

The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2, 3-pentanedione, acetaldehyde, pentanol, butyl formate, butyric acid, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl isobutyrate, eugenol, gamma-terpinene, linalool oxide, maltol, and propanol.

The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-nonanone, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylphenol, delta-decalactone, ethyl heptanoate, guaiacol, isoamyl acetate, linalool and linalyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs can comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-octanol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-undecanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, amyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, benzyl acetate, butyraldehyde, carvone, citronellol, damascenone, decanoic acid, diethyl malate, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, farnesol, gamma-nonalactone, geraniol, geranylacetone, hexanoic acid, hexanol, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, Methylthiopropanal, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, myrtenol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, p-anisaldehyde, phenethyl formate, phenethyl octanoate, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, valeraldehyde, pentanoic acid, and vanillyl ether.

The one or more additional VOCs can include five or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, acetaldehyde, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, phenyl ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, guaiacol, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl octanoate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, guaiacol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, limonene, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenyl-ethyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, Linalool, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, and whiskey lactone.

The one or more additional VOCs can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2-heptanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, isobutyraldehyde, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, p-cymene, phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl formate, propanol, propyl acetate and vanillyl ether.

The one or more additional VOCs may have less than about 95% identity to VOCs in the single reference whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include at least 61 additional VOCs, wherein no more than 60 of the additional VOCs are found in the single reference whisky.

The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may also include one or more non-volatile compounds. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: mannose, valine, tyrosine, xylose, cinnamic acid, and 2-furoic acid. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include one or more of the following: ribose in an amount less than about 6mg/L, fructose in an amount less than about 3.1mg/L, vanillic acid in an amount less than about 10.3mg/L, vanillin in an amount less than about 0.3mg/L, syringaldehyde in an amount less than about 0.55mg/L, sorbitol in an amount of at least about 5.8mg/L, mannitol in an amount of at least about 7.8mg/L, glucose in an amount of at least about 120mg/L, syringic acid in an amount of at least about 7.5mg/L, acetovanillone in an amount of at least about 0.43mg/L, choline in an amount of at least about 2.8mg/L, glucosamine in an amount of at least about 0.55mg/L, citric acid in an amount of at least about 8.8mg/L, and fumaric acid in an amount of at least about 0.65 mg/L.

The one or more non-volatile compounds may comprise kelp or kelp extract. The herba Zosterae Marinae or herba Zosterae Marinae extract can be thallus laminariae or thallus laminariae extract. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include glycerin, gum arabic, or both glycerin and gum arabic.

The one or more non-volatile compounds may include 10 or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 4-O-pentopyranosyl pentopyranose, puerarin A, catechin, chlorogenic acid, cinchonin Ia, cinnamon tannin A4, cinnamon tannin B1, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, D (-) -amygdalin, digallate glycoside, digallic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, eriodictyol, etophenone, ferulic acid, gallic acid, cotton cellulose, isorhamnetin, candelin A2, linoleic acid, luteolin, mulberroside A, naringenin, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, p-coumaroyl quinic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, phloretin, phlorizin, procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, quercetin glycoside, quercetin, Quercetin-3 beta-D-glucoside, rhamnose oxazine-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, syringic acid, tannic acid, tetragalloyl glucose, polyester catechin A, tiliroside, trigallacyl glucose and vanillic acid. The one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: d-glucuronic acid, fructose, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid. The one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acetovanillone, choline, fumaric acid, GABA, gallic acid, glucosamine, inositol, mannitol, mannose, proline, ribose, sorbitol, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, and vanillin. The one or more non-volatile compounds have less than about 60% identity to a non-volatile compound in a single reference whiskey. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 10 or more non-volatile compounds, wherein no more than 9 of the non-volatile compounds are found in a single reference whisky. In some cases, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage does not include one or more of the following: escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Brettanomyces species, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces species, Acremonium, Pediobolus cerealis, Cladosporium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella alpina, Mucor pekinensis, Paecilomyces viridis, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium fulvum, Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium purpurogenum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma viride, Verticillium Agaricus campestris, molds, rot, insects, insect eggs, insect foulings, rodent foulants, mammalian excreta, insect lecithin, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen disulfide, 2,4, 6-trichloroanisole, 2,4, 6-tribromoanisole, xanthotoxin mold, Aishi agent, Dielder agent, benzene hexachloride, chlordane, DDT, DDE, TDE, dimethylnitrosamine (nitrosodimethylamine), EDB, heptachlor, epoxy heptachlor, lindane, mercury, methanol, ethylene glycol, Dichloromethane and heavy metals.

In another aspect, this document features a whisky-like alcoholic beverage that includes ethanol, water, and one or more non-volatile compounds, where the one or more non-volatile compounds include one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: mannose, valine, tyrosine, xylose, cinnamic acid, and 2-furoic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds may include one or more of the following: ribose in an amount less than about 6mg/L, fructose in an amount less than about 3.1mg/L, vanillic acid in an amount less than about 10.3mg/L, vanillin in an amount less than about 0.3mg/L, syringaldehyde in an amount less than about 0.55mg/L, sorbitol in an amount of at least about 5.8mg/L, mannitol in an amount of at least about 7.8mg/L, glucose in an amount of at least about 120mg/L, syringic acid in an amount of at least about 7.5mg/L, acetovanillone in an amount of at least about 0.43mg/L, choline in an amount of at least about 2.8mg/L, glucosamine in an amount of at least about 0.55mg/L, citric acid in an amount of at least about 8.8mg/L, and fumaric acid in an amount of at least about 0.65 mg/L.

The one or more non-volatile compounds may comprise kelp or kelp extract. The herba Zosterae Marinae or herba Zosterae Marinae extract can be thallus laminariae or thallus laminariae extract. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include glycerin, gum arabic, or both glycerin and gum arabic.

The one or more non-volatile compounds may include 10 or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 4-O-pentopyranosyl pentopyranose, puerarin A, catechin, chlorogenic acid, cinchonin Ia, cinnamon tannin A4, cinnamon tannin B1, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, D (-) -amygdalin, digallate glycoside, digallic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, eriodictyol, etophenone, ferulic acid, gallic acid, cotton cellulose, isorhamnetin, candelin A2, linoleic acid, luteolin, mulberroside A, naringenin, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, p-coumaroyl quinic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, phloretin, phlorizin, procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, quercetin glycoside, quercetin, Quercetin-3 beta-D-glucoside, rhamnose oxazine-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, syringic acid, tannic acid, tetragalloyl glucose, polyester catechin A, tiliroside, trigallacyl glucose and vanillic acid. The one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: d-glucuronic acid, fructose, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid. The one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acetovanillone, choline, fumaric acid, GABA, gallic acid, glucosamine, inositol, mannitol, mannose, proline, ribose, sorbitol, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, and vanillin. The one or more non-volatile compounds have less than about 60% identity to a non-volatile compound in a single reference whiskey. A whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 10 or more non-volatile compounds, wherein no more than 9 of the non-volatile compounds are found in a single reference whisky. In some cases, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage does not include one or more of the following: escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Brettanomyces species, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces species, Acremonium, Pediobolus cerealis, Cladosporium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella alpina, Mucor pekinensis, Paecilomyces viridis, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium fulvum, Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium purpurogenum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma viride, Verticillium Agaricus campestris, molds, rot, insects, insect eggs, insect foulings, rodent foulants, mammalian excreta, insect lecithin, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen disulfide, 2,4, 6-trichloroanisole, 2,4, 6-tribromoanisole, xanthotoxin mold, Aishi agent, Dielder agent, benzene hexachloride, chlordane, DDT, DDE, TDE, dimethylnitrosamine (nitrosodimethylamine), EDB, heptachlor, epoxy heptachlor, lindane, mercury, methanol, ethylene glycol, Dichloromethane and heavy metals.

In another aspect, this document features a method for making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage. The method may include providing an aqueous solution and adding to the aqueous solution a composition comprising: ethanol, a tannin source, a plurality of oak pieces or oak extracts, non-volatile compounds including sugars or sugar alcohols and acids, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs include esters, alcohols, aldehydes or ketones, or both, and terpenes or isoprenoids, or both. The non-volatile compounds may include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: mannose, valine, tyrosine, xylose, cinnamic acid, and 2-furoic acid. The component may also comprise herba Zosterae Marinae or herba Zosterae Marinae extract. The herba Zosterae Marinae may be Laminaria japonica. The kelp extract may be added in an amount of 0.1% to about 0.3% (v/v). The ingredients may also include glycerin, gum arabic or both glycerin and gum arabic. The one or more additional VOCs can include 4-ethylphenol. In some cases, the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: citronellol, eugenol, guaiacol, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isovaleraldehyde, 1-diethoxyethane, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl laurate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, propanol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, furfural, heptyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, Methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, phenethyl butyrate, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, 1-octanol, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, ethyl salicylate, ethyl valerate, farnesol, gamma-terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, phenethyl formate, diethyl succinate, myrtenol, methyl decanoate, nonanal, nonanoic acid, and pentanal. The tannin source may be a tannin powder.

In another aspect, this document features a method for making an oak extract. The method may include combining a plurality of oak pieces with ethanol, incubating the plurality of oak pieces with ethanol for a period of time to produce an oak extract mixture, and removing solids from the oak extract mixture to produce an oak extract. The plurality of oak pieces may comprise ground oak. The period of time may be from about 12 hours to about 2 days. The plurality of oak blocks may be combined with ethanol in a ratio of about 2% to about 4% (m/v).

This document also features a method of making a kelp extract, which can include combining a plurality of kelp pieces with ethanol, incubating the plurality of kelp pieces with ethanol for a period of time to make a kelp extract mixture, and removing solids from the kelp extract mixture to make a kelp extract. The herba Zosterae Marinae may be Laminaria japonica. The period of time may be from about 1 hour to about 5 hours. The plurality of kelp pieces may be wet. The plurality of kelp pieces may be combined with ethanol at a ratio of about 25% to about 35% (m/v).

In another aspect, this document features a method for making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, where the method includes combining water, one or more acids, one or more sugars, one or more sugar alcohols, one or more tannin components, one or more flavorings, ethanol, and five or more additional VOCs selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-heptanone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl acetate, Ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, guaiacol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, propanol, propyl acetate, vanillyl ether, and whiskey lactone. The one or more acids may include tartaric acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and lactic acid. The one or more sugars may include ribose, fructose, and glucose. The one or more sugar alcohols may include mannitol and inositol. The one or more tannin components may include gallic acid. The one or more flavoring agents may include vanillin and syringaldehyde. The additional VOC may include 4-ethylphenol. In some cases, the additional VOCs do not include one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: citronellol, eugenol, guaiacol, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isovaleraldehyde, 1-diethoxyethane, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl laurate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, propanol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, furfural, heptyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, Methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, phenethyl butyrate, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, 1-octanol, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, ethyl salicylate, ethyl valerate, farnesol, gamma-terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, phenethyl formate, diethyl succinate, myrtenol, methyl decanoate, nonanal, nonanoic acid, and pentanal. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: mannose, valine, tyrosine, xylose, cinnamic acid, and 2-furoic acid. In another aspect, this document features a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, where the method includes combining ingredients including water, ethanol, and five or more additional VOCs, where at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are provided as separate ingredients. The composition can include 10 or more additional VOCs, wherein at least 10 of the 10 or more additional VOCs are provided as separate compositions. The composition can include 15 or more additional VOCs, wherein at least 15 of the 15 or more additional VOCs are provided as separate compositions. The composition can include 20 or more additional VOCs, wherein at least 20 of the 20 or more additional VOCs are provided as separate compositions. The composition may also include a non-volatile compound (e.g., one or more non-volatile compounds). The non-volatile compound may include a sugar or sugar alcohol, an acid, a pH adjusting salt, a nucleobase or nucleotide monophosphate, an amino acid or derivative thereof, or a combination thereof. The acid may include tartaric acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, or combinations thereof. The sugar or sugar alcohol may include ribose, fructose, glucose, mannitol, inositol, or a combination thereof. The pH adjusting salt may include potassium hydroxide. The nucleobase or nucleotide monophosphate may include adenine, guanine, guanosine monophosphate, inosine monophosphate, or a combination thereof. The amino acid or derivative thereof can include leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine, serine, aspartic acid, glucosamine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, carnitine, tryptophan, proline, valine, b-alanine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, cysteine, arginine, ornithine, trans 4-hydroxy-L-proline, citrulline, tyramine, or a combination thereof. The non-volatile compound may include a colorant. The non-volatile compound may include an emulsifier. The non-volatile compound may comprise gum arabic. The non-volatile compounds may include at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in a corresponding conventional alcoholic beverage. The non-volatile compounds may not include at least one of the non-volatile compounds present in corresponding conventional alcoholic beverages. The one or more additional VOCs can include at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding conventional alcoholic beverage. The one or more additional VOCs may not include at least one VOC present in a corresponding conventional alcoholic beverage. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may be any of the whisky-like alcoholic beverages described herein.

In another aspect, this document provides a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, wherein the method comprises providing a composition comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the one or more additional VOCs is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky; and adding ethanol, water, or a combination thereof to the composition to reduce the concentration of the at least one additional VOC to about the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky. The one or more additional VOCs can include at least one VOC that is not present in the corresponding traditional whisky. The one or more additional VOCs may not include at least one VOC present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may further comprise one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may further comprise one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one non-volatile compound present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the composition can be at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the composition can be at least about 10 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the composition can be at least about 15 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the composition can be at least about 20 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The composition may include five or more additional VOCs, wherein at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky. The total amount (in mg/L) of the one or more additional VOCs in the composition may be more than 5 times the total amount (in mg/L) of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky. After the adding step, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may be any of the whisky-like alcoholic beverages described herein.

In another aspect, this document also provides a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, wherein the method comprises providing a composition comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional non-volatile compounds, wherein at least one of the one or more non-volatile compounds is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding traditional whisky; and adding ethanol, water, or a combination thereof to the composition to reduce the concentration of the at least one non-volatile compound to about the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding conventional whisky. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in the corresponding traditional whiskey. The one or more non-volatile compounds may not include at least one non-volatile compound present in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may also include one or more VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs include at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage may further include one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one VOC that is present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the composition may be at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the composition may be at least about 10 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the composition may be at least about 15 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the composition may be at least about 20 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The composition may include five or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least five of the five or more non-volatile compounds are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The total amount of the one or more non-volatile compounds in the composition (in mg/L) may be more than 5 times the total amount of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey (in mg/L). After the adding step, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may be any of the whisky-like alcoholic beverages described herein.

In another aspect, this document provides a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate, wherein the method comprises combining ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the one or more additional VOCs is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky. The one or more additional VOCs can include at least one VOC that is not present in the corresponding traditional whisky. The one or more additional VOCs may not include at least one VOC present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate may further include one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds include at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate may further include one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not include at least one non-volatile compound present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate can be at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate can be at least about 10 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate can be at least about 15 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate can be at least about 20 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentrate can include five or more additional VOCs, wherein at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky. The total amount of the one or more additional VOCs (in mg/L) in the concentrate may be more than 5 times the total amount of the same VOCs (in mg/L) in a corresponding conventional whisky. After dilution of the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate into a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may be any of the whisky-like alcoholic beverages described herein.

In another aspect, this document provides a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate, wherein the method comprises combining ethanol, water, and one or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least one of the one or more non-volatile compounds is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding traditional whisky. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in the corresponding traditional whiskey. The one or more non-volatile compounds may not include at least one non-volatile compound present in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate may further include one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs include at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate may further include one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one VOC that is present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate may be at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate may be at least about 10 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate may be at least about 15 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate may be at least about 20 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentrate can include five or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least five of the five or more non-volatile compounds are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The total amount of the one or more non-volatile compounds in the concentrate (in mg/L) may be more than 5 times the total amount of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey (in mg/L). After dilution of the whisky-like alcoholic beverage into a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may be any of the whisky-like alcoholic beverages described herein.

In another aspect, this document provides a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate that contains ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the one or more additional VOCs is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky. The one or more additional VOCs can include at least one VOC that is not present in the corresponding traditional whisky. The one or more additional VOCs may not include at least one VOC present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate may further include one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds include at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate may further include one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not include at least one non-volatile compound present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate can be at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate can be at least about 10 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate can be at least about 15 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate can be at least about 20 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentrate can include five or more additional VOCs, wherein at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky. The total amount of the one or more additional VOCs (in mg/L) in the concentrate may be more than 5 times the total amount of the same VOCs (in mg/L) in a corresponding conventional whisky. After dilution of the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate into a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may be any of the whisky-like alcoholic beverages described herein.

In another aspect, this document also provides a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate comprising ethanol, water, and one or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least one of the one or more non-volatile compounds is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding conventional whisky. The one or more non-volatile compounds may include at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in the corresponding traditional whiskey. The one or more non-volatile compounds may not include at least one non-volatile compound present in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate may further include one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs include at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate may further include one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one VOC that is present in a corresponding conventional whisky. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate may be at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate may be at least about 10 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate may be at least about 15 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate may be at least about 20 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The concentrate can include five or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least five of the five or more additional non-volatile compounds are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey. The total amount of the one or more non-volatile compounds in the concentrate (in mg/L) may be more than 5 times the total amount of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whiskey (in mg/L). After dilution of the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate into a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may be any of the whisky-like alcoholic beverages described herein.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice of the present invention, suitable methods and materials are described below. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.

The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and from the claims.

Detailed Description

This document provides whisky-like alcoholic beverages (also known as "whisky imitations"), and methods of making whisky-like alcoholic beverages by combining water and ethanol with individual Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and non-volatile organic compounds. The whisky-like alcoholic beverages described herein have the characteristics of whisky manufactured in traditional methods, including taste, aroma, mouthfeel and appearance, and are intended to be consumed and enjoyed in the same manner as traditional whisky.

As used herein, the terms "traditional" and "reference" whisky refer to whisky made by standard distillation processes that include fermenting grains, such as barley, rye, corn and wheat.

The following characteristic standards for whiskey and spirit made by conventional methods are set forth in 27c.f.r. § 5.22.

"neutral spirit" or "alcohol" is a distilled spirit made of any material equal to or higher than 190 proof and, if bottled, bottled at not less than 80 proof. A "cereal spirit" is a neutral spirit distilled from fermented cereal mash and stored in oak vessels.

"whiskey" is an alcoholic distillate produced from fermented cereal mash at less than 190 proof in a manner such that the distillate has the taste, aroma and characteristics typical of whiskey, stored in oak containers (but corn whiskey does not have to be so stored) and bottled at not less than 80 proof, and also includes blends of such distillates for which no specific performance criteria are specified.

"Boben whisky", "rye whisky", "wheat whisky", "malt whisky" or "rye malt whisky" is respectively whisky produced from a fermented mash containing not less than 51% of corn, rye, wheat, germinated barley or germinated rye grains at a standard alcoholic strength of not more than 160 ° and stored in a brand-new burnt oak container at a standard alcoholic strength of not more than 125 °. "corn whiskey" is whiskey made from a fermented mash containing no less than 80% corn kernels at no more than 160 ° proof and, if stored in oak containers, stored at no more than 125 ° proof in used or unbaked whole new oak containers and treated in any way without the use of charred wood. Whisky meeting the above standards that has been stored in oak containers of the type specified for 2 years or more is known as "pure" whisky. "pure whisky" includes mixtures of pure whisky of the same type manufactured in the same state.

"whiskey distilled from a plumule (rye, wheat, malt or rye malt) mash" is whiskey produced from a fermented mash containing not less than 51% corn, rye, wheat, malted barley or malted rye grains, respectively, at a proof of not more than 160 ° and stored in a used oak container in the united states, and also includes mixtures of such whiskeys of the same type. Whisky that meets the characteristic standards for corn whisky should be named corn whisky.

"scotch whisky" is a whisky that is a scotch-specific product manufactured in scotch in compliance with the laws governing the manufacture of scotch whisky that is consumed in the uk.

"Irish whiskey" is a whiskey that is a unique product of Ireland, manufactured in the Republic of Ireland or in North Ireland (Northern Ireland) following the laws governing the manufacture of Ireland whiskey for domestic consumption, provided that if such product is a whiskey mixture, such mixture is a "harmonized Ireland whiskey" (Ireland-a harmonized wine).

"canadian whisky" is whisky, a product unique to canada, manufactured in canada in compliance with the laws governing the manufacture of ireland whisky, which is consumed in canada by canada regulations, provided that if such product is a whisky mixture, such mixture is "reconciled canadian whisky" (canadian whisky-a kind of harmonized wine).

"hard whisky" is a mixture of neutral spirits and if the pure whisky component is below 20% in standard gallons (proof gallon), no less than 5% in standard gallons of whisky, or pure whisky and whisky.

"light whisky" is whisky manufactured at over 160 proof in the united states on or after 1968 on day 1 and 26 and stored in used or unbaked brand new oak containers, and also includes blends of such whisky. If the "light whisky" is mixed with less than 20% pure whisky, on a standard gallon basis, the mixture would be named "light whisky" (light whisky-a kind of cocktail).

"blended whisky" (whisky-a kind of blended wine) is a mixture of blended wines containing pure whisky or pure whisky not less than 20% in standard gallons, excluding alcohols obtained by adding harmless coloring, flavoring or blending materials and adding whisky or neutral spirits separately or in combination. A tempered whisky containing one type of pure whisky at not less than 51% by standard gallons is additionally named by the specific type of the pure whisky; for example, "blended rye whisky" (rye whisky-a blended wine).

A "pure whisky cocktail" (blended pure whisky) is a pure whisky mixture that does not meet the characteristic standards for "pure whisky". The products so named may contain harmless coloring, flavoring or blending materials as shown in 27CFR 5.23 (a).

"pure whisky cocktail" (reconciled pure whisky) which consists entirely of one type of pure whisky and does not meet the pure whisky standard shall be additionally named with the specific type of the pure whisky; such as "blended wine of pure rye whisky" (blended pure rye whisky). "pure whisky mixes" consisting entirely of one type of pure whisky should include the same type of pure whisky made in or by the same operator within the same state, provided that such whisky contains harmless coloring, flavoring or blending materials as specified in 27CFR 5.23 (a).

Harmless colouring, flavouring or blending materials allowed in this section should not include neutral spirits or alcohol in their original state. Neutral spirits or alcohols can only appear as vehicles for recognized flavourings of co-mingled materials in "pure whisky mixes" or "pure whisky mixes consisting entirely of one type of pure whisky".

In some embodiments, the whiskey imitation may comprise a traditional whiskey, thereby making the whiskey imitation visible as a "hard whiskey" as defined above. In such embodiments, about (and not less than) 5% of the ethanol in the whisky imitation on a standard gallon basis may be from, for example, a neutral spirit, such as corn whisky. For example, 5% to 10% (e.g., 5% to 6%, 6% to 7%, 7% to 8%, 8% to 9%, or 9% to 10%) of the ethanol in a whiskey replica as a strong whiskey may be from a traditional neutral spirit, on a standard gallon basis.

The "standard gallon" is a liquid gallon of spirit, 50% alcohol at 60 ° f. Thus, for example, a distilled spirit bottled at 80 proof (40% alcohol) will be 0.8 standard gallons per gallon of liquid. Thus, an 80 proof strength imitation whisky containing 5% ethanol from traditional whisky on a standard gallon basis will contain a volume fraction of alcohol from traditional whisky (ABV) of 0.8 x 0.05 to 0.04 to 1 gallon to 4 proof to 2%.

Whiskey imitations described herein may contain specific volatile and non-volatile organic compounds. The terms "comprising," "including," and "containing" are used herein to indicate that a compound is present in a whiskey mimetic in an amount detectable using the methods described herein. The terms "lacking," "free," "excluding," and "not including" are used herein to indicate that a compound is not detectable in a whiskey mimetic by the methods described herein. Whisky analogs provided herein may differ from traditional whisky based on the combination of VOCs and non-volatile organic compounds contained or not contained therein, and/or based on the amount of particular VOCs or non-volatile organic compounds contained therein.

In some embodiments, a whiskey imitation may consist of ingredients included in a particular listing, or may have a VOC content (or non-volatile compound content) consisting of VOCs or non-volatile compounds included in a particular listing. Additionally, a whiskey imitation may consist essentially of the ingredients included in a particular listing, or may have a VOC content (or non-volatile compound content) consisting essentially of the VOCs or non-volatile compounds included in a particular listing. By "consisting essentially of … …," it is meant that the whiskey replica contains the specified ingredients/VOCs/non-volatile compounds, and may contain additional ingredients/VOCs/non-volatile compounds that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the whiskey.

Various formulations of whiskey imitations are described herein. In general, whisky analogs include the following components or component classes:

a) a source of water that is pure or has a mineral content that improves flavor;

b) an ethanol source (e.g., distilled or fermented ethanol) at a concentration of between about 20% and 100% weight/volume;

c) one or more additional VOCs; and

d) one or more non-volatile compounds.

Water is the main component of whisky imitation and acts as a solvent for all other ingredients. The ethanol component provides the alcohol content. VOCs can provide aroma and flavor, including fruit, floral, clay, herbal, oak, yeast, spice, and/or mineral aroma and flavor. The non-volatile components can provide the perception of the sourness of the whiskey imitation as well as the bulk of the flavor, aftertaste and mouthfeel.

In some embodiments, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise water, ethanol, and (a) one or more additional VOCs (i.e., VOCs other than ethanol), wherein the one or more additional VOCs are not present in a respective reference whisky; (b) one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not include one or more VOCs present in the respective reference whiskey; (c) one or more non-volatile compounds, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are not present in the respective reference whiskey; (d) one or more non-volatile compounds, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not include one or more non-volatile compounds present in the respective reference whiskey; or (e) any combination of the following: (a) (b), (c) and (d) [ (a) and (b); (a) and (c); (a) and (d); (b) and (c); (b) and (d); (c) and (d); (a) (ii), (b) and (c); (a) (ii), (b) and (d); (a) (c) and (d); (b) (c) and (d); or (a), (b), (c) and (d) ].

In general, a whiskey mimetic provided herein can have an ethanol content in the range of about 30% v/v to about 80% v/v (e.g., about 30%, about 40%, about 43%, about 46%, about 49%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 30-40%, about 40-45%, about 45-50%, about 50-55%, about 55-60%, about 60-65%, about 65-70%, or about 70-80% v/v).

It should be noted, however, that the ethanol component may be omitted in order to produce a "non-alcoholic" version of the whiskey replica. In such ethanol-free embodiments, the ethanol may be substantially replaced by water, but it should be noted that adjustment of the amount of the additional VOC and non-volatile components may require adjustment to produce a whiskey imitation having a traditional whiskey "feel".

Additional VOCs present in whisky imitations may include compounds belonging to several classes, including esters, acids, alcohols, aldehydes/ketones, terpenes/isoprenoids, phenols, lactones, amines/pyrazines, sulfur-containing compounds (e.g., thiols, thiazoles, and/or sulfides), ethers, furans, and/or acetals. In some embodiments, for example, whisky imitations may contain VOCs including esters, acids, alcohols other than ethanol, aldehydes, ketones or both, terpenes, isoprenoids or both, phenols, lactones and amines, pyrazines or both.

Esters, including ethyl, methyl and acetate esters, can contribute fruity and floral character to alcoholic beverages. In some embodiments, esters useful in whiskey imitations include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, amyl butyrate, benzyl acetate, butyl formate, butyl isovalerate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, linalyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, methyl valerate, benzyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, amyl acetate, benzyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl myristate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, Phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl octanoate, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, phenylethyl formate, propyl acetate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, (methylthio) ethyl acetate, heptyl acetate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, methyl acetate, phenylethyl propionate, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, esters that may be used in the whiskey mimetic include, but are not limited to, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, allyl heptanoate, amyl butyrate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, benzyl propionate, butyl acetate, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyl isovalerate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, cis-3-hexenyl valerate, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, butyl propionate, butyl lactate, butyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl propionate, and ethyl propionate, Ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl (methylthio) acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, heptyl acetate, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, hexyl acetate, hexyl isobutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl cinnamate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isoamyl phenylacetate, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyl propionate, linalyl acetate, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), Methyl acetate, methyl anthranilate, methyl benzoate, methyl cinnamate, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, phenethyl octanoate, phenethyl propionate, phenethyl tiglate, propyl acetate, propyl butyrate, propyl isovalerate, and any combination thereof. The one or more esters can comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, for example, the one or more esters can comprise from about 0.1% to about 95% (e.g., from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 2%, from about 2% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 10% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 25%, from about 25% to about 30%, from about 30% to about 40%, from about 40% to about 50%, from about 50% to about 60%, from about 60% to about 70%, from about 70% to about 80%, from about 80% to about 90%, or from about 90% to about 95%) by mass of the additional VOC. In some embodiments, for example, at least about 24% (e.g., at least about 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 38%, 40%, 43%, 45%, 48%, 50%, 53%, 55%, 58%, or 60%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more esters.

The acid may contribute a "sour" or "fermented" aroma, which is important to the overall properties of the alcoholic beverage. In some embodiments, acids that may be included in whiskey imitations include, but are not limited to, 3, 7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acid, butyric acid, capric acid, isobutyric acid, caprylic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, pelargonic acid, and any combination thereof. The one or more acids can comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, for example, the one or more acids can comprise from about 0.0003% to about 95% (e.g., from about 0.0003% to about 0.0005%, from about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, from about 0.001% to about 0.005%, from about 0.005% to about 0.01%, from about 0.01% to about 0.05%, from about 0.05% to about 0.1%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 2%, from about 2% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 10% to about 15%, from about 15% to about 20%, from about 20% to about 25%, from about 25% to about 30%, from about 30% to about 35%, from about 30% to about 50%, from about 50% to about 70%, from about 70% to about 90%, or from about 70% to about 95%) of the one or more acids by mass of the additional VOC. In some embodiments, for example, at least about 0.09% (e.g., at least about 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 10%, 12%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%, 24%, 26%, or 28%) by mass of the additional VOC can comprise one or more acids. In some embodiments, the additional VOC may be acid-free.

Alcohol can provide various flavor components to alcoholic beverages, including banana flavor, pungent flavor, green grass flavor, and oxidative character. Alcohol is also important to increase the overall aroma (roundness) of alcoholic beverages as well as to add a certain weight in taste. In some embodiments, alcohols that may be present in whiskey mimetics provided herein include, but are not limited to, 1-octanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-nonanol, 2-phenylethanol, butanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, pentanol, butanol, hexanol, isopentanol, isobutanol, propanol, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, alcohols that may be present in the whiskey mimetics provided herein include, but are not limited to, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-heptanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-nonanol, 2-phenylethanol, pentanol, benzyl alcohol, butanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-5-octen-1-ol, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, hexanol, isopentanol, isobutanol, propanol, and any combination thereof. The one or more alcohols can comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, for example, about 1% to about 99% (e.g., about 1% to about 3%, about 3% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 70% to about 80%, about 80% to about 90%, or about 90% to about 95%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more alcohols. In some embodiments, at least about 28% (e.g., at least about 30%, 32%, 34%, 36%, 38%, 40%, 42%, or 44%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more alcohols.

Aldehydes and ketones may also provide flavors that are important to the overall properties of the alcoholic beverage. For example, acetaldehyde is a byproduct of alcoholic fermentation, which produces an oxidized aroma similar to wine; diacetyl is a by-product of lactic acid fermentation of malic acid, which provides a butter-like flavour, and fenugreek lactone (sotolon) can provide a maple syrup-like aroma. Non-limiting examples of aldehydes/ketones that may be used in the whiskey imitations provided herein include 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methylbutanal, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetaldehyde, acetoin, benzaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, damascenone, furfural, isovaleraldehyde, maltol, nonanal, trans-2-hexen-1-al, isobutyraldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 2-heptanone, acetophenone, methylthiopropanal, valeraldehyde, propanal, p-anisaldehyde, butanal, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, aldehydes/ketones that may be used in the whiskey mimetics provided herein may include, but are not limited to, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one (ethyl cyclopentenolone), 1-diethoxyethane, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, butyraldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, cuminaldehyde, damascenone, decanal, furfural, isobutyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, Maltol, methylthiopropanal, methyl β -naphthalenone, methylcyclopentenolone, methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone, nonanal, octanal, p-anisaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, propanal, salicylaldehyde, trans-2-hexen-1-al, pentanal, and any combination thereof. The one or more aldehydes/ketones can comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, for example, about 0.0005% to about 80% (e.g., about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 35%, about 30% to about 36%, about 30% to about 40%, about 30% to about 50%, about 40% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, or about 60% to about 80%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more aldehydes and/or ketones. In some embodiments, no more than about 0.004% (e.g., less than about 0.005%, 0.004%, 0.003%, 0.002%, or 0.001%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more aldehydes and/or ketones. In some embodiments, at least about 2.5% (e.g., 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 13%, 15%, 18%, 20%, 23%, or 25%) by mass of the additional VOC can comprise one or more aldehydes and/or ketones.

Terpenes and isoprenoids can provide alcoholic beverages with a variety of floral and fresh characteristics. In some embodiments, terpenes and isoprenoids that may be included in the whiskey mimetics provided herein include, but are not limited to, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, alpha ionone, a-phellandrene, (-) alpha pinene, a-terpineol, beta-ionone, (-) beta pinene, carvone, (-) cis rose ether, citronellol, gamma terpinene, limonene, linalool oxide, myrcene, myrtenol, p-cymene, farnesol, geraniol, geranylacetone, eucalyptol, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, terpenes and isoprenoids that may be included in the whiskey mimetics provided herein include, but are not limited to, (1R) - (-) -myrtenol, 1, 4-cineol, 3-carene, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-terpenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, alpha-ionone, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, a-terpineol, b-caryophyllene, beta-ionone, beta-pinene, carvacrol, carvone, cis-rose oxide, citral, citronellal, citronellol, D-camphor, D-carvone, D-fenchytone, eucalyptol, farnesol, gamma-terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone undecadiene, geranyl acetone, geranyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof, Limonene, linalool oxide, L-menthyl acetate, myrcene, myrtenol, nerol, p, a-dimethyl styrene, p-cymene, perillaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, cymoxanol, valencene (valencene), and any combination thereof. The one or more terpenes/isoprenoids may comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, for example, about 0.0003% to about 90% (e.g., about 0.0003% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 4%, about 4% to about 6%, about 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 55%, about 50% to about 70%, or about 70% to about 90% by mass of the additional VOC) of the one or more terpenes/isoprenoids may be included. In some embodiments, at least about 0.07% (e.g., at least about 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.2%, or 1.5%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more terpenes/isoprenoids. In some embodiments, less than about 0.002% (e.g., less than about 0.001%, 0.0008%, or 0.0005%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more terpenes/isoprenoids.

The phenol may contribute to the smoky flavor profile found in alcoholic beverages caused by exposure to oak, and it may also contribute to the earthy flavor profile. Examples of phenols that may be used in the whiskey imitations described herein may include, but are not limited to, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, eugenol, guaiacol, p-cresol, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, phenols that may be used in the whiskey imitations described herein may include, but are not limited to, 2,4, 6-trimethylphenol (trimethylphenol), 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol), 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, eugenol, guaiacol, isoeugenol, p-cresol, and any combination thereof. The one or more phenols may constitute any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 30% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.5% to about 3.0%, about 3.0% to about 3.5%, about 3.5% to about 4.0%, about 4.0% to about 4.5%, about 4.0% to about 4.0%, about 4.8% to about 1.0%, about 10% to about 10% by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more of the phenol. In some embodiments, for example, at least about 0.004% (e.g., at least about 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, or 2.0%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more phenols. In some embodiments, for example, the additional VOCs may be phenol-free.

Lactones are found primarily in alcoholic beverages that have been exposed to oak, which is a standard practice of whisky such as the Bobby whisky and Scotland whisky, but lactones may also be present in other whisky varieties. In some embodiments, lactones that may be included in whiskey mimetics provided herein include delta-decalactone, gamma-decalactone, whiskey lactone, gamma-nonalactone, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, lactones that may be included in whiskey mimetics provided herein include δ -decalactone, δ -dodecalactone, γ -decalactone, γ -dodecalactone, γ -heptalactone, γ -caprolactone, γ -nonalactone, γ -octalactone, γ -undecalactone, γ -valerolactone, massonia lactone (massoia lactone), ω -pentadecalactone, whiskey lactone, and any combination thereof. The one or more lactones can comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, for example, about 0.0002% to about 30% (e.g., about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.006% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, about 4% to about 5%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 7%, about 7% to about 8%, or about 8% to about 9%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, or about 20% to about 30%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more lactones. In some embodiments, for example, at least about 0.4% (e.g., at least about 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, or 3%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more lactones. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may be lactone-free.

Amines and pyrazines can contribute unique characteristics to alcoholic beverages. Pyrazines can, for example, contribute a green pepper taste. A non-limiting example of an amine or pyrazine that may be used in a whiskey mimetic as provided herein is 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine. In some embodiments, amines or pyrazines that may be included in the whiskey mimetics provided herein include 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-methoxy-3- (1-methylpropyl) pyrazine, IBMP (3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), indole, and any combination thereof. The one or more amines/pyrazines may comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. For example, about 0.000001% to about 0.06% (e.g., about 0.000001% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, or about 0.01% to about 0.06%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more amines and/or pyrazines. In some embodiments, the additional VOCs may not include amines or pyrazines.

Sulfur-containing compounds (e.g., mercaptans, thiazoles, and/or sulfides) can also contribute to the off-note flavor of alcoholic beverages. A non-limiting example of a sulfur-containing compound that can be included in the whiskey imitations provided herein is dimethyl sulfide. In some embodiments, sulfur-containing compounds that may be included in whiskey mimetics provided herein include, but are not limited to, 1-p-menthene-8-thiol, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, dimethyl sulfide, and furfuryl thioacetate. The one or more sulfur-containing compounds can comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, for example, about 0.00000003% to about 0.009% (e.g., about 0.00000003% to about 0.0000001%, about 0.0000001% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.007%, or about 0.007% to about 0.009%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more mercaptans. In some embodiments, at least about 0.0006% (e.g., at least about 0.0007%, 0.0008%, 0.0009%, 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, or 0.008%) by mass of the additional VOC can comprise one or more sulfur-containing compounds. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include sulfur-containing compounds.

Ethers may also contribute to the off-note flavor of alcoholic beverages. Non-limiting examples of ethers that may be included in the whiskey imitations provided herein are vanillyl ethyl ether and vanillyl butyl ether. The one or more ethers may comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, for example, about 0.00002% to about 0.5% (e.g., about 0.00002% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.07%, about 0.07% to about 0.09%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.5%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more ethers. In some embodiments, for example, at least about 0.067% (e.g., at least about 0.07% or 0.08%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more ethers. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may be ether-free.

Furan may also contribute to the off-note flavor of alcoholic beverages. A non-limiting example of furan that may be included in the whiskey mimetics provided herein is 2-pentylfuran. The one or more furans can comprise any suitable proportion of the additional VOC content. In some embodiments, for example, about 0.00006% to about 0.8% (e.g., about 0.00006% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.8%, or about 0.5% to about 0.8%) by mass of the additional VOC may comprise one or more furans. In some embodiments, the additional VOC may not include furan.

Acetals may also contribute to the off-note flavor of alcoholic beverages. A non-limiting example of an acetal that may be included in the whiskey imitations provided herein is phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal. The one or more acetals can comprise the additional VOC content in any suitable proportion. In some embodiments, the additional VOCs may not comprise acetals.

In some embodiments, the whiskey imitation may comprise one or more (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, six, or all seven) additional VOCs selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

For example, in some cases, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include two compounds selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol, wherein the two compounds are butyl formate and ethyl octanoate; butyl formate and ethyl propionate; butyl formate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate; butyl formate and isoamyl acetate; butyl formate and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate and ethyl propionate; ethyl octanoate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate; ethyl octanoate and isoamyl acetate; ethyl octanoate and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl octanoate and isobutanol; ethyl propionate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate; ethyl propionate and isoamyl acetate; ethyl propionate and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl propionate and isobutanol; ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and isoamyl acetate; ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and isobutanol; isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol; isoamyl acetate and isobutanol; or isoamyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol.

In some cases, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include three compounds selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol. The three compounds may be butyl formate, ethyl octanoate and ethyl propionate; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate and isoamyl acetate; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate; butyl formate, ethyl propionate and isoamyl acetate; butyl formate, ethyl propionate and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl acetate; butyl formate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and isobutanol; butyl formate, isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, isoamyl acetate and isobutanol; butyl formate, isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, and isoamyl acetate; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl acetate; ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl octanoate, isoamyl acetate and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol; ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl acetate; ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutanol; ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; ethyl propionate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; or isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol.

In some cases, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include four compounds selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol. The four compounds can be butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate and ethyl 2-methylbutyrate; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, and isoamyl acetate; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl acetate; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, isoamyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, isoamyl acetate and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl acetate; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl acetate; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; or ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

In some cases, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include five compounds selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol. The five compounds can be butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl acetate; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; or ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

In some cases, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include six compounds selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol. The six compounds can be butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isoamyl alcohol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; butyl formate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol; or ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

In some embodiments, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage provided herein can include no more than six (e.g., including six, five, four, three, two, one or none), no more than five (e.g., including five, four, three, two, one or none), or no more than four (e.g., including four, three, two, one or none) VOCs from the group consisting of: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

In some embodiments, additional VOCs may be placed in various groups, and whiskey imitations may include certain additional VOCs according to the group.

In certain instances, for example, "group A" can include 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene (also known as (-) β -pinene or (-) - β -pinene), butanol, butyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, furfural, γ -decalactone, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl lactate, Limonene, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethylbutyrate, and whiskey lactone.

In some cases, "group B" can include 2, 3-pentanedione, acetaldehyde, pentanol, butyl formate, butyric acid, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl isobutyrate, eugenol, gamma-terpinene, linalool oxide, maltol, and propanol.

In some cases, VOCs in "group C" may include 2-nonanone, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohols, 4-ethylphenol, delta-decalactone, ethyl heptanoate, guaiacol, isoamyl acetate, linalool, and linalyl acetate.

In some embodiments, the "group D" VOCs may include 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-octanol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-undecanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, amyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, benzyl acetate, butyraldehyde, carvone, citronellol, damascenone, decanoic acid, diethyl malate, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, farnesol, gamma-nonanolide, geraniol, geranylacetone, hexanoic acid, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, ethyl 2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, farnesol, gamma-nonanolide, geraniol, geranyl acetone, hexanoic acid, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, and so-butanol, Isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, methylthiopropanal, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, myrtenol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, p-anisaldehyde, phenethylformate, phenethyloctanoate, propanal, propionic acid, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, valeraldehyde, pentanoic acid, and vanillyl ether.

Based on the above grouping of VOCs, the whiskey imitation may include, for example, 30 or more (e.g., 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, or 40) additional VOCs in group a, 5 or more (e.g., 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) VOCs in group B, optionally 1 or more (e.g., 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11) VOCs in group C, and optionally 1 or more (e.g., 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) VOCs in group D.

In some cases, "group E1" may include 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, acetaldehyde, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, phenyl ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, guaiacol, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, Isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, and whiskey lactone.

In some cases, VOCs in "group F1" may include 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2-heptanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, isobutyraldehyde, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, p-cymene, phenethylbutyrate, phenethylformate, propanol, propyl acetate, and vanillyl ether.

In certain instances, for example, "group G1" can include 2-methylbutanal, 2-nonanone, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylphenol, butyl formate, butyric acid, citronellol, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl nonanoate, farnesol, γ -terpinene, isoamyl acetate, isovaleraldehyde, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde, salicylaldehyde, valeraldehyde, butyraldehyde, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, and nonanoic acid.

Based on the above grouping of VOCs, the whiskey imitations may include, for example, additional VOCs in group E1, 5 or more (e.g., 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20) additional VOCs in group F1, and optionally, one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 or more) additional VOCs in group G1.

In some cases, "group E2" may include 2-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl octanoate, furfural, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol, phenylethyl alcohol, butyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl myristate, ethyl propionate, isobutyl acetate, phenylethyl acetate, whiskey lactone, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, a-terpineol, ethyl valerate, isoamyl hexanoate, benzaldehyde, β pinene, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl phenylacetate, isoamyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, and myrcene.

In some cases, VOCs in "group F2" may include delta-decalactone, acetaldehyde, pentanol, linalyl acetate, gamma-decalactone, guaiacol, limonene, linalool oxide, 2, 3-pentanedione, beta-ionone, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, maltol, p-cresol, 3-carene, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, l-linalool, acetal (1, 1-diethoxyethane), isobutyraldehyde, propanol, butyl formate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl undecyl, acetoin, gamma-nonalactone, geraniol, propyl acetate, vanillyl ether, and 2-nonanone.

In certain instances, for example, "group G2" may include diethyl malate, 2-heptanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, butyric acid, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl benzoate, acetophenone, γ -terpinene, methylthiopropanal, salicylaldehyde, 2-methylbutanal, citronellol, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, farnesol, 4-terpenol, ethyl heptanoate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, hexanol, methyl hexanoate, valeraldehyde, 4-ethylphenol, methyl octanoate, p-cymene, ethyl butyrate, trans-2-hexen-1-al.

Based on the above grouping of VOCs, the whiskey imitations may include, for example, additional VOCs in group E2, 10 or more (e.g., 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, or 30) additional VOCs in group F2, and optionally, one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 or more) additional VOCs in group G2.

In some cases, "group M" may include 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, amyl alcohol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, eugenol, furfural, guaiacol, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, Methyl salicylate, myrcene, and whiskey lactone.

In some cases, the "group N" may include β -pinene, 1-diethoxyethane, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-heptanone, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, γ -decalactone, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, isobutyraldehyde, maltol, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethylbutyrate, phenethylformate, propanol, propyl acetate, and vanillyl ether.

In some cases, "group O" may include 1-octanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, amyl butyrate, benzyl acetate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, butyric acid, carvone, citronellol, capric acid, ethyl benzoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl nonanoate, farnesol, γ -terpinene, hexanoic acid, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyric acid, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, salicylaldehyde, valeraldehyde, and valeric acid.

Based on the above grouping of VOCs, the whiskey imitation may include, for example, additional VOCs in group M, 5 or more (e.g., 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or 20) additional VOCs in group N, and optionally, one or more (e.g., 2,3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12 or more) additional VOCs in group O.

In some cases, group "P" may include 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-heptanone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-nonanone, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 2-undecanone, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, pentanol, amyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, butyl formate, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl, Butyraldehyde, butyric acid, carvone, cinnamaldehyde, citronellol, damascone, capric acid, delta-decalactone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, gamma-decalactone, gamma-nonalactone, gamma-terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone undecadiene, guaiacol, Hexanoic acid, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methylthiopropanal, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, myrtenol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, p-anisic aldehyde, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, phenethyl octanoate, propanol, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, valeraldehyde, valeric acid, vanillyl ether, and whiskey lactone.

In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverages provided herein can include at least ten (e.g., at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, or at least 50) additional VOCs from group P.

In some cases, group "Q" may include 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-p-menthene-8-thiol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2,4, 6-trimethylphenol (trimethylphenol), 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2-heptanol, 2-heptanone, 2-methoxy-3- (1-methylpropyl) pyrazine, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (methoxycresol), 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-nonanol, 2-pentanol, and mixtures thereof, 2-nonanone, 2-pentylfuran, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 2-undecanone, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, alpha-ionone, pentanol, amyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, benzyl propionate, beta-ionone, beta-pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, butyric acid, carvacrol, carvone, cinnamaldehyde, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, beta-ionone, beta-pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, butyric acid, carvacrol, carvone, cinnamaldehyde, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, Cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-5-octen-1-ol, cis-rose ether, citral, citronellol, cuminaldehyde, damascone, D-camphor, decanal, decanoic acid, delta-decalactone, delta-dodecanolactone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl (methylthio) acetate, ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl myristate, ethyl valerate, ethyl (methylthio) acetate, ethyl myristate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, and ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, and ethyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eucalyptol, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, γ -decalactone, γ -dodecalactone, γ -heptalactone, γ -nonalactone, γ -octalactone, γ -terpinene, γ -undecalactone, geraniol, geranylacetone undecadiene, guaiacol, heptyl acetate, hexanoic acid, hexanol, hexyl acetate, hexyl isobutyrate, indole, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, cinnamic acid, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, phenyl acetic acid isoamyl ester, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyl propionate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isoeugenol, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, massoia lactone, methylthiopropionaldehyde, methyl propionaldehyde, Methyl acetate, methyl benzoate, methyl β -naphthyl ketone, methyl cinnamate, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone, myrcene, myrtenol, nerol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, ω -pentadecanolide, p, a-dimethylstyrene, p-anisaldehyde, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, phenethyl octanoate, phenethyl propionate, phenethyl tiglate, phenylacetaldehyde, propanol, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propyl acetate, propyl butyrate, propyl isovalerate, salicylaldehyde, resymol, trans-2-hexen-1-al, valencene, valeraldehyde, valeric acid, vanillyl ether, and whiskey lactone.

In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverages provided herein can include at least ten (e.g., at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, or at least 50) additional VOCs from group Q.

In some cases, the "R group" may include (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, (ethylcyclopentenolone) 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1-diethoxyethane, 1, 4-cineole, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-p-menthene-8-thiol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2,4, 6-trimethylphenol (trimethylphenol), 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2-heptanol, 2-heptanone, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylthiazole, 1-diethoxyethane, 1, 4-cineol, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-p-menthene-8-thiol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2, 4-trimethylpyrazine, 2-acetyl-methyl-1-methyl-pyrrole, 2-ethyl-3-methyl pyrazine, 2-methyl-heptanol, 2-ethyl-3-methyl-pyrazine, 2-methyl-4-thiazole, 2-methyl thiazole, and combinations thereof, 2-methoxy-3- (1-methylpropyl) pyrazine, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol), 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-nonanol, 2-nonanone, 2-pentylfuran, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 2-undecanone, 3, 7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acid, 3-carene, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-terpenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-methylbutanal, 2-nonanol, 2-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 2-methyl-6-octenoic acid, 3-methylpropionaldehyde, 3-ethyl-methyl-benzofuran, 4-methyl-2-enol, 2-methyl-2-butyl-1-2-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butyl-2-methyl-2-butyl-2-ethyl-2-methyl-2-butyl-2-methyl-2-butyl-ethyl-2-one, 2-butyl-ethyl-2-methyl-2-butyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-ethyl-butyl acetate, 2-methyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-ethyl-2-methyl-2-methyl-ethyl-methyl-2-methyl-butyl-2-butyl acetate, 3-2-butyl-methyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-butyl-ethyl-butyl-ethyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-methyl-2-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-2-ethyl-butyl acetate, 3-2-butyl-methyl-2-ethyl-2-methyl-2-methyl-butyl-methyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-ethyl-butyl acetate, 3-methyl-ethyl-methyl-2-methyl-2-, 4-ethylphenol, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, allyl heptanoate, alpha ionone, amyl alcohol, amyl butyrate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, a-terpineol, b-caryophyllene, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, benzyl propionate, beta-ionone, beta-pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, butanol, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyl isovalerate, butyraldehyde, butyric acid, carvacrol, carvone, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, methyl benzoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl, Cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-5-octen-1-ol, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, cis rose oxide, citral, citronellal, citronellol, cuminaldehyde, damascenone, D-camphor, D-carvone, decanal, decanoic acid, delta-decalactone, delta-dodecalactone, D-fenchytone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, dimethyl sulfide, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl nicotinate, n-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-5-octen-1-ol, cis-6-nonene, cis-1-D-fenchol, D-ethyl butyrate, ethyl nicotinate, and the like, Ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, (methylthio) ethyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eucalyptol, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, furfuryl thioacetate, γ -decalactone, γ -dodecalactone, γ -heptalactone, γ -caprolactone, γ -nonalactone, γ -octalactone, γ -terpinene, γ -undecalactone, γ -valerolactone, geraniol, geranylacetone undecadiene, Guaiacol, heptyl acetate, hexanoic acid, hexanol, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, hexyl acetate, hexyl isobutyrate, IBMP (3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), indole, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl cinnamate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isoamyl phenylacetate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyl propionate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isoeugenol, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, L-menthyl acetate, maltol, mazolidine, methylthiopropanal, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl acetate, methyl anthranilate, methyl benzoate, methyl beta-naphthyl ketone, Methyl cinnamate, methylcyclopentenol ketone, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone, myrcene, myrtenol, nerol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanal, octanoic acid, omega-pentadecanolide, p, a-dimethyl styrene, p-anisaldehyde, p-cresol, p-cymene, perillaldehyde, 2-methylbutyrate phenethyl ester, butyric acid phenethyl ester, formic acid phenethyl ester, caprylic acid phenethyl ester, propionic acid phenethyl ester, tiglic acid phenethyl ester, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propanol, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propyl acetate, propyl butyrate, iso-valerate, salicylaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, resymidol, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, valencene, valeraldehyde, valeric acid, vanillyl butyl ether, vanillyl ethyl ether, Whiskey lactones.

In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverages provided herein can include at least ten (e.g., at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, or at least 50) additional VOCs from group R.

In some cases, "set S" may include (-) - β -pinene, 1-diethoxyethane, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, a-terpineol, β -ionone, butanol, citronellol, damascenone, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eugenol, guaiacol, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isovaleraldehyde, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, myrtenol, propanol, and whiskey lactone.

In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverages provided herein may include at least ten (e.g., at least 20 or at least 30) additional VOCs from group S.

In some cases, the "group T" may include (-) - α -pinene, (-) - β -pinene, (-) -cis-rose oxide, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-heptanone, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-nonanol, 2-nonanone, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 2-undecanone, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, 2-heptanol, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutanal, 2-nonanol, 2-nonene, 4-terpenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, and/or mixtures thereof, Acetophenone, alpha ionone, pentanol, amyl butyrate, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, beta-ionone, butanol, butyl acetate, carvone, cinnamaldehyde, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, citronellol, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl myristate, ethyl laurate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl, Ethyl (methylthio) acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eucalyptol, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, γ -decalactone, γ -nonalactone, γ -terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, guaiacol, heptyl acetate, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, methylthiopropanal, methyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-anisic aldehyde, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethylbutyrate, phenethylformate, phenethyloctanoate, phenethylpropionate, propanol, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, vanillyl ether, and whiskey lactone.

In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverages provided herein can include at least ten (e.g., at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, or at least 50) additional VOCs from group T.

In some embodiments, group "U1" may include 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-heptanone, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-nonanol, 2-nonanone, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 2-undecanone, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, acetoin, acetophenone, alpha ionone, pentanol, amyl butyrate, a-pinene, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, Beta-ionone, beta-pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, butyric acid, carvone, cinnamaldehyde, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-rose ether, citronellol, damascone, capric acid, delta-decalactone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, ethyl undecanoate, Ethyl valerate, ethyl (methylthio) acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eucalyptol, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, γ -nonalactone, γ -terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, guaiacol, heptyl acetate, hexanoic acid, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methylthio propionaldehyde, methyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, p-anisic acid, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, Phenylethyl octanoate, phenylethyl propionate, propanol, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, valeraldehyde, valeric acid, vanillyl ether, and whiskey lactone.

In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverages provided herein may include at least ten (e.g., at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, or at least 50) additional VOCs from group U1.

In some embodiments, group "U2" may include (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one (ethylcyclopentenolone), 1-diethoxyethane, 1, 4-cineole, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-p-menthene-8-thiol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2,4, 6-trimethylphenol (trimethylphenol), 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine, 2-heptanol, 2-heptanone, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylthiazole, 1-diethoxyethane, 1, 4-cineole, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-p-menthene-8-thiol, 2, 3-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 2-methyl thiazole, and mixtures thereof, 2-methoxy-3- (1-methylpropyl) pyrazine, 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol), 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-nonanol, 2-nonanone, 2-pentylfuran, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 2-undecanone, 3, 7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acid, 3-carene, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-terpenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-methylbutanal, 2-nonanol, 2-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-phenylethyl alcohol, 2-methyl-6-octenoic acid, 3-methylpropionaldehyde, 3-ethyl-methyl-benzofuran, 4-methyl-2-enol, 2-methyl-2-butyl-1-2-butanol, 2-methyl-2-butyl-2-methyl-2-butyl-2-ethyl-2-methyl-2-butyl-2-methyl-2-butyl-ethyl-2-one, 2-butyl-ethyl-2-methyl-2-butyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-ethyl-butyl acetate, 2-methyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-ethyl-2-methyl-2-methyl-ethyl-methyl-2-methyl-butyl-2-butyl acetate, 3-2-butyl-methyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-butyl-ethyl-butyl-ethyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-methyl-2-ethyl-methyl-ethyl-2-ethyl-butyl acetate, 3-2-butyl-methyl-2-ethyl-2-methyl-2-methyl-butyl-methyl-2-methyl-ethyl-2-ethyl-butyl acetate, 3-methyl-ethyl-methyl-2-methyl-2-, 4-ethylphenol, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, allyl heptanoate, alpha ionone, amyl alcohol, amyl butyrate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, a-terpineol, b-caryophyllene, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, benzyl propionate, beta-ionone, beta-pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, butanol, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyl isovalerate, butyraldehyde, butyric acid, carvacrol, carvone, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic aldehyde, amyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, methyl benzoate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl, Cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-5-octen-1-ol, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, cis rose oxide, citral, citronellal, citronellol, cuminaldehyde, damascenone, D-camphor, D-carvone, decanal, decanoic acid, delta-decalactone, delta-dodecalactone, D-fenchytone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, dimethyl sulfide, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl nicotinate, n-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-5-octen-1-ol, cis-6-nonene, cis-1-D-fenchol, D-ethyl butyrate, ethyl nicotinate, and the like, Ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, (methylthio) ethyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eucalyptol, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, furfuryl thioacetate, γ -decalactone, γ -dodecalactone, γ -heptalactone, γ -caprolactone, γ -nonalactone, γ -octalactone, γ -terpinene, γ -undecalactone, γ -valerolactone, geraniol, geranylacetone undecadiene, Guaiacol, heptyl acetate, hexanoic acid, hexanol, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, hexyl acetate, hexyl isobutyrate, IBMP (3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), indole, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl cinnamate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isoamyl phenylacetate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyl propionate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isoeugenol, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, L-menthyl acetate, maltol, mazolidine, methylthiopropanal, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl acetate, methyl anthranilate, methyl benzoate, methyl beta-naphthyl ketone, Methyl cinnamate, methyl cyclopentenolone, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone, myrcene, myrtenol, nerol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanal, octanoic acid, omega-pentadecanolide, p, a-dimethylstyrene, p-anisaldehyde, p-cresol, p-cymene, perillaldehyde, phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, phenethyl octanoate, phenethyl propionate, phenethyl tiglate, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propanol, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propyl acetate, propyl butyrate, propyl isovalerate, salicylaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, thymol, trans-2-hexen-1-al, valencene, valeraldehyde, valeric acid, vanillyl butyl ether, vanillyl ether, and whiskey lactone.

In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverages provided herein may include at least ten (e.g., at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, or at least 50) additional VOCs from group U2.

In some embodiments, a whisky replica provided herein can include one or more (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or more than five) VOCs that are not present in traditional whisky. Examples of such VOCs include, but are not limited to, (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one (ethylcyclopentenolone), 1, 4-cineole, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, allyl heptanoate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, b-caryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, butyl butyrylactate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, Cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, citronellal, D-carvone, D-fenchone, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, furfuryl thioacetate, gamma-caprolactone, gamma-valerolactone, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, IBMP (3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), L-menthyl acetate, maltol, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl anthranilate, methylcyclopentenone, p-anisaldehyde, perillaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propionaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, and vanillyl butyl ether. Thus, a whiskey replica may comprise one or more of these compounds. In some embodiments, a whisky replica may include one or more compounds (e.g., 2, 3, 4,5, or 6) that are not present in traditional whisky, the compounds selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, butyraldehyde, maltol, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde, trans-2-hexen-1-al, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, a whisky replica may include one or more, e.g. (2 or 3) compounds not present in traditional whisky, selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, maltol, trans-2-hexenal, and combinations thereof. Surprisingly, the whiskey imitation described herein includes one or more compounds not found in any of the traditional whiskeys tested, as it is expected that to produce a whiskey imitation one will only consider using compounds found in one or more traditional whiskeys.

The VOCs and non-volatile compounds can be detected in traditional whisky (and other alcoholic beverages) using any suitable method, including gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) as described in example 2 herein. Volatile or non-volatile compounds that are "absent" or "not included" in the reference whisky are compounds that are not detected in the reference whisky using the method shown in example 2. The detection limits for various VOCs are disclosed in tables 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D herein, and the detection limits for various nonvolatile compounds are disclosed in table 5 herein.

Additionally, in some embodiments, the whisky analogs provided herein may lack one or more (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, ten, 15, 20, or more than 20) VOCs present in traditional whisky. Examples of such VOCs include, but are not limited to, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone undecadiene, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol, and propanol. Thus, whisky imitations may lack one or more of these compounds. Surprisingly, the whiskey imitation described herein lacks one or more of the compounds found in the traditional whiskey of each test, as it is expected that the compounds present in the traditional whiskey of each test are important for whiskey flavour in order to produce the whiskey imitation.

In some embodiments, VOCs may be placed in various groups, and whiskey imitations may lack certain VOCs according to the group.

In certain instances, for example, group "H1" can include 1, 1-diethoxyethane, citronellol, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl laurate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eugenol, guaiacol, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isobutyl acetate, isovaleraldehyde, and propanol.

In some cases, "group I1" may include 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetophenone, benzaldehyde, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl benzoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, farnesol, furfural, γ -terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, heptyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, iso-butyraldehyde, limonene, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, phenylethyl butyrate, isoamyl butyrate, Ethyl benzoate, propyl acetate, and salicylaldehyde.

In some cases, VOCs in "group J1" may include diethyl succinate, methyl decanoate, myrtenol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, and pentanal.

Based on the above grouping of additional VOCs, the whiskey imitation may lack, for example, 1 or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more) additional VOCs in group H and 1 or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20 or more) additional VOCs in group I. In some embodiments, the whiskey mimetic may lack one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more) VOCs in group H. In some embodiments, the whiskey imitation may lack one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20 or more) VOCs in group I. In some embodiments, the whiskey imitation may lack one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6) VOCs in group J.

In certain instances, for example, the "group H2" may include geranylacetone and myrtenol.

In some cases, "group I2" may include 2-methylbutyl acetate.

Based on the above grouping of additional VOCs, the whiskey replica can lack, for example, 1 or 2 additional VOCs in group H2, and optionally VOCs in group I2.

In some embodiments, the whiskey imitation may comprise at least 50 (e.g., at least 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, or 69) additional VOCs selected from the group consisting of: 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-heptanone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutanal, 2-nonanone, 3-carene, acetal (1, 1-diethoxyethane), acetoin, acetophenone, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, butyl acetate, butanol, cinnamaldehyde, citronellol, δ -decalin, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, Ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eugenol, furfural, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, guaiacol, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, isobutanol, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, l-linalool, methyl hexanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cymene, phenethyl acetate, phenethyl alcohol, phenethyl formate, propyl acetate, propanol, and whiskey lactone.

In some cases, the overall population of additional (non-ethanol) VOCs in a whisky replica may be less than 95% identical to additional VOCs in a single corresponding reference whisky (e.g., a single type of traditional whisky, a single brand of traditional whisky, a single year-identified traditional whisky, or a single bottle of traditional whisky). As defined herein, the "percent identity" of the additional VOCs is calculated by dividing the number of additional VOCs shared by the whiskey mimic and the reference whiskey by the total number of detected VOCs in the reference whiskey (e.g., the total number of VOCs in group P, group Q, group R, group S, group T, group U1, or group U2). For example, the additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may have less than 90%, less than 80%, less than 70%, less than 60%, less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, or less than 20% identity with the additional VOC population in the corresponding reference whisky. Some whisky replicas may contain at least 10 (e.g., at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, or at least 50) additional VOCs not found in a single reference whisky. Furthermore, some whisky replicas may contain no more than 65 (e.g., no more than 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 55, 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, or 10) additional VOCs present in a single reference whisky. For example, a whisky mimetic may have at least 11 (e.g., 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, 41, 46, 51, 56, 61, or 66) additional VOCs and no more than 10 (e.g., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, or 65, respectively) of the additional VOCs found in a single reference whisky. For example, in some embodiments, a whiskey replica may have at least n additional VOCs and where less than n (e.g., n-1, n-2, n-3, n-4, n-5, n-6, n-7, n-8, n-9, n-10, n-15, n-20, etc., as applicable) additional VOCs are found in a single reference whiskey; in some embodiments, n may equal 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, or 85.

The following examples illustrate the amount of additional VOCs included in whiskey replicas made according to the methods disclosed herein, and also illustrate the amount of additional VOCs detected in conventional whiskey samples. In some embodiments, the amount of a particular additional VOC in a whisky mimetic can be an amount in concentration or composition percentage (by mass) that is in the range of 30% higher and lower than the amount of the VOC disclosed in any particular example. For example, the amount of additional VOCs present in a whisky replica is 70 to 90%, 80 to 100%, 90 to 110%, 100 to 120%, 110 to 130%, 70 to 100%, 80 to 110%, 90 to 120%, or 100 to 130% of the amount of additional VOCs in an exemplary whisky or as described in conventional whisky disclosed herein.

Additionally, the amount of any particular additional VOC in a whisky imitation may be different than the amount of the additional VOC described in the corresponding reference whisky. In some cases, the amount of additional VOCs in the whiskey mimetic can be 75% or less (e.g., 70% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, or 10% or less) of the amount of the same additional VOCs in the corresponding reference whiskey, in concentration or compositional percentage (by mass). In some cases, the amount of VOCs in the whiskey imitation may be 125% or more (e.g., 150% or more, 200% or more, or 300% or more) by concentration or composition percentage (by mass) of the amount of the same additional VOCs in the reference whiskey.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 1, 1-diethoxyethane. In some embodiments, the 1, 1-diethoxyethane can be present in an amount of about 0.15 to about 7.4mg/L (e.g., about 0.15 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 4.0mg/L, about 4.0 to about 5.0mg/L, about 5.0 to about 6.0mg/L, about 6.0 to about 7.0mg/L, or about 6.0 to about 7.4 mg/L). In some embodiments, 1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5mg/L (e.g., 5.1mg/L, 5.2mg/L, 5.3mg/L, 5.4mg/L, 5.5mg/L, 6.0mg/L, 6.5mg/L, or 7.0 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0015% to about 9.5% (e.g., about 0.0015% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 5%, about 5% to about 7%, or about 7% to about 9.4% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be 1, 1-diethoxyethane. In some embodiments, at least about 4.9% by mass (e.g., at least about 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, or 9% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be 1, 1-diethoxyethane. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise 1, 1-diethoxyethane.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 1-decanol. In some embodiments, the 1-decanol can be present in an amount of about 0.00001 to about 1.7mg/L (e.g., 0.00001 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 1.5mg/L, or about 1.5 to about 1.7 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 1-decanol can be present in an amount less than about 0.0018mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.0017, 0.0015, 0.001, 0.0008, 0.0006, or 0.0004 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000001% to about 5% (about 0.0000001% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.10% to about 0.45%, about 0.40% to about 0.45%, about 0.4% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, or about 4% to about 5% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be decanols. In some embodiments, less than about 0.000022% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., less than about 0.00002%, 0.00001%, 0.000005%, or 0.000001% by mass) may be 1-decanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 1-decanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 1-octanol. In some embodiments, the 1-octanol can be present in an amount of about 0.04 to about 0.24mg/L (e.g., about 0.04 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.20mg/L, or about 0.20 to about 0.24 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00078% to about 0.72% (e.g., about 0.00078% to about 0.0014%, about 0.0014% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.10% to about 0.23%, about 0.20% to about 0.23%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.6%, or about 0.6% to about 0.72% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be 1-octanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise 1-octanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 1-octen-3-ol. In some embodiments, the 1-octen-3-ol may be present in an amount of about 0.0023 to about 1.68mg/L (e.g., about 0.0023 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.30mg/L, about 0.30 to about 0.40mg/L, about 0.40 to about 0.50mg/L, about 0.50 to about 0.55mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 1.3mg/L, or about 1.3 to about 1.68 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 1-octen-3-ol may be present in an amount less than about 0.025mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.020mg/L, 0.015mg/L, 0.010mg/L, or 0.005 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00002% to about 5% (e.g., about 0.00002% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.5%, about 0.10% to about 0.55%, about 0.10% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, or about 4% to about 5% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be an octene-1% to-3% alcohol. In some embodiments, less than 0.0001% (e.g., less than about 0.00009%, 0.00008%, 0.00007%, 0.00006%, 0.00005%, 0.00004%, or 0.00003% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs may be 1-octen-3-ol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 1-octen-3-ol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 2, 3-pentanedione. In some embodiments, the 2, 3-pentanedione can be present in an amount of about 0.0002 to about 0.12mg/L (e.g., about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.10mg/L, or about 0.05 to about 0.12 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 2, 3-pentanedione can be present in an amount of at least about 0.0018mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.0019mg/L, 0.002mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.03mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.07mg/L, or 0.09 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000061% to about 0.0075% (e.g., about 0.0000061% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.0010%, about 0.0010% to about 0.0020%, about 0.0020% to about 0.0030%, about 0.0030% to about 0.0050%, about 0.0050% to about 0.0070%, or about 0.0050% to about 0.0075%) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be 2, 3-pentanedione. In some embodiments, at least about 0.0045% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least about 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.03%, or 0.05% by mass) can be 2, 3-pentanedione. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2, 3-pentanedione.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol. In some embodiments, the 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol may be present in an amount of about 0.0003 to about 0.1mg/L (e.g., about 0.0003 to about 0.0006mg/L, about 0.0006 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.6mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, or about 0.08 to about 0.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000042% to about 0.3% (e.g., about 0.0000042% to about 0.000014%, 0.000014% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.04%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.06%, about 0.06% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, or about 0.2% to about 0.3% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 2-methyl-1-butanol. In some embodiments, the 2-methyl-1-butanol may be present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 9400mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 100mg/L, about 100 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 1000mg/L, about 1000 to about 2000mg/L, about 2000 to about 4000mg/L, about 4000 to about 6000mg/L, about 6000 to about 8000mg/L, or about 8000 to about 9400 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 2-methyl-1-butanol may be present in an amount less than about 0.25mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.24mg/L, 0.23, 0.22, 0.21, or 0.2 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 2-methyl-1-butanol may be present in an amount of at least about 1g/L (e.g., at least about 1.5g/L, 2g/L, 3g/L, 4g/L, 5g/L, 6g/L, or 7 g/L). In some embodiments, about 0.004% to about 95% (e.g., about 0.004% to about 0.008%, about 0.008% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, about 4% to about 5%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 70% to about 80%, about 80% to about 90%, or about 90% to about 95% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be 2-methyl-1-butanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-methyl-1-butanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 2-methylbutyl acetate. In some embodiments, the 2-methylbutyl acetate can be present in an amount of about 0.009 to about 22mg/L (e.g., about 0.009 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.6mg/L, about 0.6 to about 0.8mg/L, about 0.8 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.2mg/L, about 1.0 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 5.0mg/L, about 5.0 to about 7.0mg/L, about 7.0 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, or about 20 to about 22 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 2-methylbutyl acetate can be present in an amount of less than about 0.066mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.06mg/L, 0.05mg/L, or 0.03 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 45% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 0.7%, about 0.7% to about 0.9%, about 0.9% to about 1.1%, about 0.5% to about 1.1%, about 1% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, or about 40% to about 45% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be 2-methylbutyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-methylbutyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 2-methylbutyl isovalerate. In some embodiments, the 2-methylbutyl isovalerate can be present in an amount from about 0.00018 to about 0.11mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00018 to about 0.00020mg/L, from about 0.0002 to about 0.0003mg/L, from about 0.00020 to about 0.00025mg/L, from about 0.00025 to about 0.00030mg/L, from about 0.00030 to about 0.00035mg/L, from about 0.0003 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, or from about 0.5 to about 0.11 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000002% to about 0.35% (e.g., about 0.000002% to about 0.000004%, about 0.000004% to about 0.00001%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0003%, about 0.00010% to about 0.00035%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, or about 0.3% to about 0.35% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be isovaleric acid 2-methylbutyl ester. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-methylbutyl isovalerate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 2-methylbutyraldehyde. In some embodiments, the 2-methylbutyraldehyde can be present in an amount of about 0.0003 to about 12.8mg/L (e.g., about 0.0003 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 12mg/L, or about 12 to about 12.8 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 2-methylbutyraldehyde can be present in an amount of less than about 0.004mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.003mg/L, 0.002mg/L, 0.001mg/L, 0.0009mg/L, 0.0008mg/L, 0.0007mg/L, 0.0006mg/L, 0.0005mg/L, 0.0004mg/L, or 0.0003 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 2-methylbutanal can be present in an amount of at least about 0.15mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.16mg/L, 0.17mg/L, 0.18mg/L, 0.19mg/, 0.20mg/L, 0.21mg/L, 0.22mg/L, or 0.23 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000003% to about 30% (e.g., about 0.000003% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 1%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, or about 25% to about 30% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be 2-methylbutanal. In some embodiments, less than about 0.00009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., less than about 0.00008%, 0.00007%, 0.00006%, 0.00005%, 0.00004%, 0.00003%, 0.00002%, 0.00001%, 0.000009%, 0.000008%, 0.000007%, 0.000006%, 0.000005%, or 0.000004% by mass) may be 2-methylbutyraldehyde. In some embodiments, at least about 0.15% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%, 0.23%, 0.24%, 0.25%, 0.26%, 0.27%, 0.28%, or 0.29% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be 2-methylbutanal. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise 2-methylbutanal.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 2-nonanol. In some embodiments, the 2-nonanol may be present in an amount of about 0.00018 to about 0.26mg/L (e.g., about 0.00018 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, or about 0.2 to about 0.26 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000002% to about 0.8% (e.g., about 0.000002% to about 0.000008%, about 0.000008% to about 0.00001%, 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.5%, or about 0.5% to about 0.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be 2-nonanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-nonanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 2-nonanone. In some embodiments, the 2-nonanone may be present in an amount of about 0 to about 0.2mg/L (e.g., about 0 to about 0.0003mg/L, about 0.0003 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, or about 0.1 to about 0.2 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 2-nonanone may be present in an amount of at least about 0.08mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.09mg/L, 0.10mg/L, 0.12mg/L, or 0.14 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0% to about 0.31% (e.g., about 0% to about 0.000008%, about 0.000008% to about 0.00001%, 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, or about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, or about 0.2% to about 0.31% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be 2-nonanone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-nonanone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 2-phenylethanol. In some embodiments, the 2-phenylethanol may be present in an amount of from about 0.16 to about 103mg/L (e.g., from about 0.16 to about 0.5mg/L, from about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, from about 1 to about 2mg/L, from about 2 to about 3mg/L, from about 3 to about 4mg/L, from about 4 to about 5mg/L, from about 5 to about 6mg/L, from about 5 to about 10mg/L, from about 10 to about 20mg/L, from about 20 to about 40mg/L, from about 40 to about 60mg/L, from about 60 to about 80mg/L, from about 80 to about 100mg/L, or from about 80 to about 103 mg/L. in some embodiments, from about 0.002% to about 93% by mass (e.g., from about 0.002% to about 0.003%, from about 0.003% to about 0.01%, from about 0.01% to about 0.1%, from about 1.1% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs, About 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 5%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 70% to about 80%, about 80% to about 90%, or about 90% to about 93%) can be 2-phenylethanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-phenylethanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 2-phenylethyl acetate. In some embodiments, the 2-phenylethyl acetate can be present in an amount of about 0.03 to about 90mg/L (e.g., about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 70mg/L, or about 70 to about 90 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0005% to about 90% (e.g., about 0.0005% to about 0.0009%, about 0.0009% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 5%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 70% to about 80%, or about 80% to about 90% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be 2-phenylethyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-phenylethyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 2-undecanone. In some embodiments, the 2-undecanone can be present in an amount of about 0.0002 to about 0.024mg/L (e.g., about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, 0.0010mg/L, about 0.0010 to about 0.0015mg/L, about 0.0015 to about 0.0020mg/L, about 0.0015 to about 0.0025mg/L, about 0.0020 to about 0.0025mg/L, about 0.0025 to about 0.0030mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, or about 0.02 to about 0.024 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 2-undecanone can be present in an amount of at least about 0.0013mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.0014mg/L, 0.0015mg/L, 0.0016mg/L, 0.0017mg/L, 0.0018mg/L, 0.0019mg/L, or 0.0020 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000002% to about 0.075% (e.g., about 0.000002% to about 0.000004%, about 0.000004% to about 0.00001%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01 to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% to about 0.075% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) can be 2-undecanone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-undecanone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 3-carene. In some embodiments, the 3-carene may be present in an amount of about 0.0002 to about 2.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, or about 2.0 to about 2.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 3-carene may be present in an amount less than about 0.00033mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.00032mg/L or 0.00031 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 3-carene may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0013mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.0015mg/L, 0.002mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.02mg/L, 0.04mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.06mg/L, 0.08mg/L, or 0.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000005% to about 2.5% (e.g., about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, or about 2.0% to about 2.5% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be 3-carene. In some embodiments, at least about 0.004% (e.g., at least about 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.5%, or 2.0% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be 3-carene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 3-carene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 4-terpene alcohols. In some embodiments, the 4-terpene alcohol may be present in an amount of about 0.00003 to about 0.02mg/L (e.g., about 0.00003 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0002mg/L, about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or about 0.01 to about 0.02 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 4-terpene alcohol may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0046mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.005mg/L, 0.007mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.03mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.07mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.3mg/L, or 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000004% to about 0.0095% (e.g., about 0.0000004% to about 0.000004%, about 0.000004% to about 0.00004%, about 0.00004% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.007%, about 0.007% to about 0.009%, or about 0.009% to about 0.0095% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be 4-terpene alcohols. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 4-terpene alcohols.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 4-ethylguaiacol. In some embodiments, the 4-ethylguaiacol may be present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 93mg/L (e.g., about 0.001 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 70mg/L, about 70 to about 90mg/L, or about 70 to about 93 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 90% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 40%, about 60% to about 60%, about 50% to about 80%, or about 50% to about 70% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be ethyl phenols. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 4-ethylguaiacol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 4-ethylphenol. In some embodiments, the 4-ethylphenol may be present in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 40mg/L (e.g., about 0.0001 to about 0.0003mg/L, about 0.0003 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.004mg/L, about 0.004 to about 0.006mg/L, about 0.006 to about 0.008mg/L, about 0.008 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 25 to about 35mg/L, or about 30 to about 40 mg/L). In some embodiments, the 5-ethylphenol may be present in an amount of at least about 1.7mg/L (e.g., at least about 1.8mg/L, 2.0mg/L, 2.5mg/L, 5mg/L, 10mg/L, 25mg/L, 50mg/L, 75mg/L, 100mg/L, or 150 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000015% to about 3.3% (e.g., about 0.00015% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.5% to about 3%, or about 3% to about 3.5% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be 4-ethylphenol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 4-ethylphenol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise acetaldehyde. In some embodiments, the acetaldehyde may be present in an amount of about 0.03 to about 0.8mg/L (e.g., about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.6mg/L, about 0.6 to about 0.7mg/L, or about 0.6 to about 0.8 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.01% to about 1% (e.g., about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.8%, or about 0.8% to about 1% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be acetaldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include acetaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include acetoin. In some embodiments, the acetoin may be present in an amount of about 0.005 to about 1.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 0.7mg/L, about 0.7 to about 0.9mg/L, about 0.9 to about 1.1mg/L, or about 0.9 to about 1.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, the acetoin may be present in an amount of at least about 0.014mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.015mg/L, 0.02mg/L, 0.03mg/L, 0.04mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.06mg/L, 0.07mg/L, 0.08mg/L, 0.09mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.3mg/L, 0.4mg/L, or 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00006% to about 0.15% (e.g., about 0.00006% to about 0.00001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.07%, about 0.07% to about 0.09%, about 0.09% to about 0.11%, about 0.11% to about 0.13%, or about 0.13% to about 0.15% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be acetoin. In some embodiments, at least about 0.044% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least about 0.0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, or 1% by mass) may be acetoin. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include acetoin.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise amyl alcohol. In some embodiments, the pentanol can be present in an amount of about 0.002 to about 0.8mg/L (e.g., about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.6mg/L, or about 0.6 to about 0.8 mg/L). In some embodiments, the pentanol can be present in an amount of at least about 0.076mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.08, 0.09, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, or 0.7 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00002% to about 0.85% (e.g., about 0.00002% to about 0.00004%, about 0.00004% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.10%, about 0.10% to about 0.20%, about 0.20 to about 0.30%, about 0.30% to about 0.40%, about 0.40% to about 0.50%, about 0.50% to about 0.60%, about 0.60% to about 0.70%, about 0.70% to about 0.80%, or 0.80% to about 0.85% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be pentanol. In some embodiments, at least about 0.24% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 1%, 2%, 3%, or 5% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be pentanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise amyl alcohol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise amyl butyrate. In some embodiments, the pentyl butyrate may be present in an amount of about 0.0000006 to about 0.1mg/L (e.g., about 0.0000006 to about 0.000001mg/L, about 0.000001 to about 0.000005mg/L, about 0.000005 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.05mg/L, or about 0.05 mg/L). In some embodiments, the pentyl butyrate may be present in an amount less than about 0.00012mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.0001mg/L, 0.00008mg/L, 0.00006mg/L, 0.00004mg/L, 0.00002mg/L, 0.00001mg/L, 0.000008mg/L, 0.000006mg/L, 0.000004mg/L, 0.000002mg/L, or 0.000001 mg/L). In some embodiments, the pentyl butyrate may be present in an amount of at least about 0.00048mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.0005mg/L, 0.0006mg/L, 0.0007mg/L, 0.0008mg/L, 0.0009mg/L, 0.001mg/L, 0.002mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.02mg/L, 0.03mg/L, 0.04mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.06mg/L, 0.07mg/L, 0.08mg/L, or 0.09 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000002% to about 0.04% (e.g., about 0.0000002% to about 0.0000005%, about 0.0000005% to about 0.0000010%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, or about 0.01% to about 0.04%) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be pentyl butyrate. In some embodiments, at least about 0.0014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least about 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, or 0.5% by mass) can be pentyl butanoates. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include amyl butyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include alpha ionone. In some embodiments, the alpha ionone may be present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.01mg/L (e.g., about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.004mg/L, about 0.004 to about 0.006mg/L, about 0.006 to about 0.008mg/L, or about 0.008 to about 0.01 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 0.033% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00002%, about 0.00002% to about 0.00005%, 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, or about 0.02% to about 0.33% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be alpha ionone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include alpha ionone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include a-phellandrene. In some embodiments, the a-phellandrene can be present in an amount of about 0.003 to about 0.006mg/L (e.g., about 0.003 to about 0.004mg/L, about 0.004 to about 0.005mg/L, or about 0.005 to about 0.006 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00003% to about 0.00020% (e.g., about 0.00003% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.00010%, about 0.00010% to about 0.00015%, or about 0.00015% to about 0.00020% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be a-phellandrene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include a-phellandrene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include (-) a-pinene (also known as a-pinene, or (-) a-pinene). In some embodiments, the (-) a-pinene may be present in an amount of about 0.00015 to about 2.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.00015 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, or about 2.0 to about 2.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, the (-) a-pinene may be present in an amount less than about 0.00056mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.0005mg/L, 0.0004mg/L, 0.0003mg/L, or 0.0002 mg/L). In some embodiments, the (-) a-pinene may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0022mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.0025mg/L, 0.003mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.007mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.009mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.02mg/L, 0.04mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.06mg/L, 0.08mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.4mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 0.6mg/L, 0.8mg/L, 1mg/L, 1.5mg/L, or 2 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000009% to about 2.6% (e.g., about 0.000009% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00002%, about 0.00002% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 1.5% to about 2.5%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, or about 2.0% to about 2.6% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be (-) a-pinene. In some embodiments, at least about 0.007% (e.g., at least about 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, or 2.6% by mass) based on the mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be (-) a-pinene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include (-) a-pinene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise a-terpineol. In some embodiments, the a-terpineol may be present in an amount of about 0.0005 to about 0.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.4mg/L, or about 0.4 to about 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the a-terpineol may be present in an amount of at least about 0.006mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.007mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.009mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.02mg/L, 0.04mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.06mg/L, 0.08mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.3mg/L, or 0.4 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 0.76% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.06%, about 0.06% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.10%, about 0.10% to about 0.12%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.7%, or about 0.7% to about 0.76% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be a-terpineol. In some embodiments, at least about 0.006% (e.g., at least about 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, or 0.1% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be a-terpineol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include a-terpineol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise benzaldehyde. In some embodiments, the benzaldehyde can be present in an amount of about 0.00015 to about 2.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.00015 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L or about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 0.7mg/L, about 0.7 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1 to about 2.5 mg/L or about 2 mg/L). In some embodiments, the benzaldehyde can be present in an amount less than about 0.0008mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.0007mg/L, 0.0006mg/L, 0.0005mg/L, 0.0004mg/L, or 0.0003 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000018% to about 6.8% (e.g., about 0.0000018% to about 0.00001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.10%, about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.15% to about 0.20%, about 0.20% to about 0.25%, about 0.25% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, about 4% to about 5%, about 5% to about 6%, or about 6% to about 6.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be benzaldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include benzaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise benzyl acetate. In some embodiments, the benzyl acetate can be present in an amount of about 0.000062 to about 0.015mg/L (e.g., about 0.0010 to about 0.0015mg/L, about 0.0015 to about 0.0020mg/L, about 0.0020 to about 0.0025mg/L, about 0.0025 to about 0.0030mg/L, about 0.0025 to about 0.0031mg/L, about 0.0010 to about 0.0020mg/L, about 0.00020 to about 0.0030mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or about 0.01 to about 0.015 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000007% to about 0.046% (e.g., about 0.0000007% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.000025%, about 0.000025% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, or about 0.03% to about 0.46% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be benzyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise benzyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include beta-ionone. In some embodiments, the beta-ionone may be present in an amount of about 0.00004 to about 0.34mg/L (e.g., about 0.00004 to about 0.00008mg/L, about 0.00008 to about 0.00012mg/L, about 0.00012 to about 0.00015mg/L, about 0.00015 to about 0.0002mg/L, about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.25 to about 0.30mg/L, or about 0.34 mg/L). In some embodiments, the beta-ionone may be present in an amount of at least about 0.084mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.09mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.3mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 0.8mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 4mg/L, or 8 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000003% to about 0.17% (e.g., about 0.000003% to about 0.000008%, about 0.000008% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.007%, about 0.007% to about 0.009%, about 0.009% to about 0.011%, about 0.011% to about 0.013%, about 0.013% to about 0.15%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.010% to about 0.015%, about 0.020% to about 0.020%, about 0.020% to about 0.025%, about 0.05% to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is about 0.000003% to about 0.05% of the violet ketone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include beta-ionone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include (-) β -pinene (also known as (-) - β -pinene or β -pinene). In some embodiments, the (-) β -pinene may be present in an amount of about 0.000001 to about 0.09mg/L (e.g., about 0.000001 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.00002mg/L, about 0.00002 to about 0.00004mg/L, about 0.00004 to about 0.00006mg/L, about 0.00006 to about 0.00008mg/L, about 0.00008 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, or about 0.07 to about 0.09 mg/L). In some embodiments, the (-) β -pinene may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0003mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.0005mg/L, 0.001mg/L, 0.0035mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.007mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.009mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.02mg/L, 0.03mg/L, 0.04mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.06mg/L, 0.07mg/L, or 0.08 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000013% to about 0.01% (e.g., about 0.0000013% to about 0.0000025%, about 0.0000025% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00002%, about 0.00002% to about 0.00003%, about 0.00003% to about 0.00004%, about 0.00004% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, or about 0.005% to about 0.01% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be (-) β -pinene. In some embodiments, at least about 0.001% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, or 0.1% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be (-) - β -pinene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include (-) - β -pinene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise butanol. In some embodiments, the butanol may be present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 23mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 9 to about 11mg/L, about 10 to about 12mg/L, about 11 to about 13mg/L, about 13 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 17mg/L, about 17 to about 19mg/L, about 19 to about 21mg/L, or about 21 to about 23 mg/L). In some embodiments, the butanol may be present in an amount less than about 0.23mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.2 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.004% to about 45% (e.g., about 0.004% to about 0.007%, about 0.007% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 4%, about 4% to about 6%, about 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 10%, about 10% to about 12%, about 12% to about 14%, about 14% to about 16%, about 16% to about 18%, about 18% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, or about 40% to about 45% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be butanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise butanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise butyl acetate. In some embodiments, the butyl acetate may be present in an amount of about 0.00007 to about 1.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.00007 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.6mg/L, about 0.6 to about 0.8mg/L, about 0.8 to about 1.1 mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.5mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.1mg/L, about 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the butyl acetate can be present in an amount of at least about 0.97mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.98mg/L, 0.99mg/L, or about 1.00 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000009% to about 2% (e.g., about 0.0000009% to about 0.0000016%, about 0.0000016% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.06%, about 0.06% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.08%, about 0.1% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.5% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 5%, about 5% butyl acetate, by mass of the one or more additional VOC may be about 0% by mass. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include butyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise butyl formate. In some embodiments, the butyl formate may be present in an amount of about 0.007 to about 1mg/L (e.g., about 0.007 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.6mg/L, about 0.6 to about 0.8mg/L, or about 0.8 to about 1 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 1% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.7%, about 0.7% to about 0.8%, about 0.8% to about 0.9%, or about 0.9% to about 1% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the butyl formate may be butyl formate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include butyl formate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise butyric acid. In some embodiments, the butyric acid may be present in an amount of about 0.0007 to about 3.8mg/L (e.g., about 0.0007 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.5 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 3.5mg/L, or about 3.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the butyric acid is present in an amount of at least about 2.86mg/L (e.g., at least about 3mg/L, 4mg/L, 5mg/L, 6mg/L, 8mg/L, 10mg/L, 12mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L, 50mg/L, or 100 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0003% to about 5.5% (e.g., about 0.0003% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, about 4% to about 5%, or about 5% to about 5.5% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be butyric acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include butyric acid.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise carvone. In some embodiments, the carvone can be present in an amount of about 0.0007 to about 0.015mg/L (e.g., about 0.0007 to about 0.0009mg/L, about 0.0009 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.007mg/L, about 0.007 to about 0.009mg/L, about 0.009 to about 0.011mg/L, about 0.011 to about 0.013mg/L, about 0.013 to about 0.015mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.010mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.010mg/L, or about 0.010 to about 0.015 mg/L). In some embodiments, the carvone can be present in an amount of at least about 0.0042mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.005mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.007mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.009mg/L, or 0.01 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000085% to about 0.0086% (e.g., about 0.0000085% to about 0.000015%, about 0.000015% to about 0.00002%, about 0.00002% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.001% to about 0.006%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.004%, about 0.004% to about 0.006%, about 0.006% to about 0.008%, or about 0.008% to about 0.0086% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be carvone by mass of the one or more additional VOCs. In some embodiments, at least about 0.004% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.005% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be carvone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include carvone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise cinnamaldehyde. In some embodiments, the cinnamaldehyde can be present in an amount of about 0.000007 to about 9.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.000007 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.00002mg/L, about 0.00002 to about 0.00003mg/L, about 0.00003 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.00007mg/L, about 0.00007 to about 0.00009mg/L, about 0.00009 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9.9 mg/L, or about 6 mg/L). In some embodiments, the cinnamaldehyde can be present in an amount less than about 0.000085mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.00008mg/L, 0.00007mg/L, 0.00006mg/L, 0.00005mg/L, 0.00004mg/L, 0.00003mg/L, or 0.00002 mg/L). In some embodiments, the cinnamaldehyde can be present in an amount of at least about 0.04mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.05mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.5mg/L, or 1 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000014% to about 0.45% (e.g., about 0.0000014% to about 0.0000026%, about 0.0000026% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00002%, about 0.00002% to about 0.00003%, about 0.00003% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, or about 0.20% to about 0.45% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be cinnamaldehyde. In some embodiments, at least about 0.013% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least about 0.015%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.4% by mass) can be cinnamaldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include cinnamaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise cis-3-hexen-1-ol. In some embodiments, the cis-3-hexen-1-ol may be present in an amount of about 0.045 to about 0.12mg/L (e.g., about 0.045 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.11mg/L, or about 0.11 to about 0.12 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0005% to about 0.4% (e.g., about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, or about 0.3% to about 0.4% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be cis-3-hexen-1-ol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise cis-3-hexen-1-ol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise cis-3-hexenyl acetate. In some embodiments, the cis-3-hexenyl acetate may be present in an amount of about 0.0004 to about 0.002mg/L (e.g., about 0.0004 to about 0.0006mg/L, about 0.0006 to about 0.0008mg/L, about 0.0008 to about 0.001mg/L, or about 0.001 to about 0.002 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000005% to about 0.014% (e.g., about 0.000005% to about 0.000009%, about 0.000009% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.014% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be cis-3-hexenyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise cis-3-hexenyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise (-) cis-rose ether (also known as cis-rose ether or (-) -cis-rose ether). In some embodiments, the (-) cis-rose ether may be present in an amount of about 0.00009 to about 0.001mg/L (e.g., about 0.00009 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0003mg/L, about 0.0003 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.0007mg/L, about 0.0007 to about 0.0009mg/L, or about 0.0007 to about 0.001 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000001% to about 0.003% (e.g., about 0.000001% to about 0.000002%, about 0.000002% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.0007%, about 0.0007% to about 0.0009%, about 0.0005% to about 0.0009%, about 0.0009% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, or about 0.002% to about 0.003% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be cis rose ether. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include (-) cis-rose oxide.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise citronellol. In some embodiments, the citronellol can be present in an amount from about 0.00003 to about 2.5mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00003 to about 0.00005mg/L, from about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, from about 0.0001 to about 0.0002mg/L, from about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, from about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, from about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, from about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, or from about 2.0 to about 2.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the citronellol can be present in an amount less than about 0.0002mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.0001 mg/L). In some embodiments, the citronellol can be present in an amount of at least about 0.046mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.05mg/L, 0.06mg/L, 0.07mg/L, 0.08mg/L, 0.09mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.3mg/L, 0.4mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 0.6mg/L, 0.8mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 1.2mg/L, 1.4mg/L, 1.6mg/L, 1.8mg/L, or 2.0 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000003% to about 5.5% (e.g., about 0.000003% to about 0.000006%, about 0.000006% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.5% to about 3.5%, about 3% to about 5%, about 4% to about 5% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be citronella alcohol. In some embodiments, at least about 0.46% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least about 0.47%, 0.48%, 0.49%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, or 2.4% by mass) can be citronellol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include citronellol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise damascenone. In some embodiments, the damascone can be present in an amount of about 0.0007 to about 28mg/L (e.g., about 0.0007 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, or about 25 to about 28 mg/L). In some embodiments, the damascenone can be present in an amount of at least about 0.14mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.2mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, or 5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000009% to about 3.8% (e.g., about 0.000009% to about 0.00007%, about 0.00007% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5 to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.5% to about 3.0%, about 3.0% to about 3.5%, or about 3.5 to about 3.8%) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be macrosilones. In some embodiments, at least about 0.44% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least about 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 5.0%, or 10% by mass) can be damascenone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include damascenone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise capric acid. In some embodiments, the capric acid may be present in an amount of about 0.02 to about 90mg/L (e.g., about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1mg/L to about 2mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 10mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, about 25 to about 32mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 20 to about 32mg/L, about 30 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 70mg/L, or about 70 to about 90 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0002% to about 90% (e.g., about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 28%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 70% to about 80%, or about 80% to about 90% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs by mass of the capric acid can be decanoic acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include decanoic acid.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise delta-decalactone. In some embodiments, the delta-decalactone may be present in an amount of from about 0.0014 to about 5.2mg/L (e.g., from about 0.0014 to about 0.002mg/L, from about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, from about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, from about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, from about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, from about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, from about 2.5 to about 3.0mg/L, from about 3.0 to about 3.5mg/L, from about 3.5 to about 4.0mg/L, from about 4.0 to about 4.5mg/L, from about 4.5 to about 5.5 mg/L, or from about 2.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.3mg/L, 0.4mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 0.7mg/L, 1mg/L, 1.5mg/L, 2mg/L, 2.5mg/L, or 3 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00002% to about 5.7% (e.g., about 0.00002% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.5% to about 3.0%, about 3.0% to about 3.5%, about 3.5% to about 4.0%, about 4.0% to about 4.5%, about 4.5% to about 5.0%, about 5.0% to about 5.5%, or about 5.0% to about 5.7% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be delta-decalactone. In some embodiments, at least about 0.84% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, or 15% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be delta-decalactone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include delta-decalactone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise diethyl succinate. In some embodiments, the diethyl succinate can be present in an amount of about 0.0004mg/L to about 16mg/L (e.g., about 0.0004 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 9 to about 11mg/L, about 11 to about 13mg/L, about 13 to about 15mg/L, or about 15 to about 16 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000005% to about 36% (e.g., about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.4%, about 2% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, about 25% to about 30%, or about 25% to about 30% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be succinic acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include diethyl succinate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise dimethyl sulfide. In some embodiments, the dimethyl sulfide may be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.07mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, or about 0.05 to about 0.07 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 0.009% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.007%, or about 0.007% to about 0.009% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be dimethyl sulfide. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include dimethyl sulfide.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl acetate. In some embodiments, the ethyl acetate may be present in an amount of about 2.5mg/L to about 10g/L (e.g., about 2.5 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 60mg/L, about 60 to about 80mg/L, about 80 to about 100mg/L, about 100 to about 150mg/L, about 150 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, about 300 to about 500mg/L, about 500mg/L to about 1g/L, about 1 to about 2g/L, about 2 to about 4g/L, about 4 to about 6g/L, about 6 to about 8g/L, or about 8 to about 10 g/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl acetate may be present in an amount less than about 4.7mg/L (e.g., less than about 4mg/L, 3.5mg/L, 3mg/L, 2.5mg/L, 2mg/L, 1.5mg/L, 1mg/L, or 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl acetate may be present in an amount less than about 4.7mg/L (e.g., less than about 4.5mg/L, 4.0mg/L, 3.0mg/L, 2.0mg/L, 1.0mg/L, 0.5mg/L, or 0.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl acetate can be present in an amount of at least about 785mg/L (e.g., at least about 800mg/L, 1g/L, 2g/L, 3g/L, 4g/L, 5g/L, 6g/L, 7g/L, or 8 g/L). In some embodiments, about 0.08% to about 90% (e.g., about 0.08% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.15%, about 0.15% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 4%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 4% to about 6%, about 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 10%, about 10% to about 12%, about 10% to about 15%, about 12% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 70% to about 80%, or about 80% to about 90% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be ethyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise ethyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl butyrate. In some embodiments, the ethyl butyrate may be present in an amount of about 0.015 to about 9.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.015 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.5 to about 2.8mg/L, about 2.5 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 4.0mg/L, about 4.0 to about 5.0mg/L, about 0 to about 0.8 mg/L, about 0 to about 0.9 mg/L, about 0 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0mg/L, or about 0.9 to about 0 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl butyrate may be present in an amount of at least about 2.1mg/L (e.g., at least about 2.2m/L, 2.3mg/L, 2.4mg/L, or 2.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0002% to about 25% (e.g., about 0.0002% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.8%, to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.2%, about 1.2% to about 1.4%, about 1.4% to about 1.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.8%, about 1.0% to about 1.0%, about 1.2% to about 1.4%, about 1.1% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, or about 10% by mass of the one or more additional VOC may be ethyl butyrate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl butyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl cinnamate. In some embodiments, the ethyl cinnamate can be present in an amount from about 0.00003 to about 0.016mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00003 to about 0.00005mg/L, from about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, from about 0.0001 to about 0.0002mg/L, from about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, from about 0.002 to about 0.004mg/L, from about 0.004 to about 0.006mg/L, from about 0.006 to about 0.008mg/L, from about 0.008 to about 0.010mg/L, from about 0.010 to about 0.012mg/L, from about 0.012 to about 0.014mg/L, or from about 0.014 to about 0.016 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl cinnamate can be present in an amount less than about 0.00023mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.0002mg/L or 0.0001 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000008% to about 0.05% (e.g., about 0.0000008% to about 0.000007%, about 0.000007% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.007%, about 0.007% to about 0.009%, about 0.009% to about 0.011%, about 0.011% to about 0.013%, about 0.013% to about 0.015% or about 0.015% to about 0.25% or about 0.25% to about 0.05% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be ethyl cinnamate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl cinnamate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl decanoate. In certain embodiments, the ethyl decanoate can be present in an amount of about 0.3 to about 50mg/L (e.g., about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.5 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 48mg/L, or about 40 to about 50 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl decanoate can be present in an amount of at least about 30mg/L (e.g., at least about 31mg/L, 32mg/L, 33mg/L, 34mg/L, 35mg/L, 36mg/L, 37mg/L, 38mg/L, 39mg/L, or 40 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.003% to about 70% (e.g., about 0.003% to about 0.006%, about 0.006% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 18%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, or about 60% to about 70% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be ethyl decanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise ethyl decanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl heptanoate. In some embodiments, the ethyl heptanoate can be present in an amount from about 0.00009 to about 0.4mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00009 to about 0.0001mg/L, from about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, from about 0.003 to about 0.006mg/L, from about 0.006 to about 0.009mg/L, from about 0.009 to about 0.012mg/L, from about 0.012 to about 0.02mg/L, from about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, from about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, or from about 0.3 to about 0.4 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl heptanoate can be present in an amount less than about 0.003mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.002mg/L, 0.001mg/L, 0.0009mg/L, 0.0008mg/L, 0.0007mg/L, 0.0006mg/L, 0.0005mg/L, 0.0004mg/L, 0.0003mg/L, 0.0002mg/L, or 0.0001 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000009% to about 1.2% (e.g., about 0.0000009% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.008%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.004%, about 0.004% to about 0.006%, about 0.006% to about 0.008%, about 0.008% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, or about 1% to about 1.2% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be ethyl heptanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl heptanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl hexanoate. In some embodiments, the ethyl hexanoate may be present in an amount of about 0.015 to about 9mg/L (e.g., about 0.015 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 0.7mg/L, about 0.7 to about 0.9mg/L, about 0.8 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, or about 7 to about 9 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl hexanoate can be present in an amount of at least about 4.0mg/L (e.g., at least about 4.5mg/L, 5.0mg/L, 5.5mg/L, 6.0mg/L, 6.5mg/L, 7.0mg/L, 7.5mg/L, or 8.0 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0002% to about 20% (e.g., about 0.0002% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.5% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, or about 15% to about 20% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be ethyl hexanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl hexanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl isobutyrate. In some embodiments, the ethyl isobutyrate can be present in an amount from about 0.004 to about 155mg/L (e.g., from about 0.004 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, from about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, from about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, from about 1 to about 2mg/L, from about 2 to about 5mg/L, from about 5 to about 10mg/L, from about 10 to about 20mg/L, from about 20 to about 30mg/L, from about 30 to about 50mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, or from about 100 to about 155 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl isobutyrate can be present in an amount of at least about 5.5mg/L (e.g., at least about 6mg/L, 7mg/L, 8mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L, 30mg/L, 40mg/L, 50mg/L, 60mg/L, 70mg/L, 80mg/L, 90mg/L, 100mg/L, or 120 mg/L). In some embodiments, from about 0.00004% to about 10% (e.g., from about 0.00004% to about 0.00008%, from about 0.00008% to about 0.0001%, from about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, from about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, from about 0.001% to about 0.005%, from about 0.005% to about 0.01%, from about 0.01% to about 0.05%, from about 0.05% to about 0.1%, from about 0.1% to about 0.2%, from about 0.2% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 2%, from about 2% to about 4%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 10%, from about 4% to about 6%, from about 6% to about 8%, or from about 8% to about 10% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of ethyl isobutyrate can be ethyl isobutyrate. In some embodiments, at least about 5.2% by mass (e.g., at least about 5.2%, 5.3%, 5.4%, 5.5%, 5.6%, 5.7%, 5.8%, 5.9%, 6.0%, 6.5%, 7.0%, 7.5%, 8%, or 9% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be ethyl isobutyrate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl isobutyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl isovalerate. In some embodiments, the ethyl isovalerate may be present in an amount from about 0.0012 to about 3.8mg/L (e.g., from about 0.0012 to about 0.002mg/L, from about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, from about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, from about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, from about 0.4 to about 0.6mg/L, from about 0.6 to about 0.8mg/L, from about 0.8 to about 1mg/L, from about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, from about 1 to about 2mg/L, from about 2 to about 3mg/L, or from about 3.0 to about 3.8 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl isovalerate may be present in an amount of at least about 1.6mg/L (e.g., at least about 1.7mg/L, 1.8mg/L, 1.9mg/L, 2.0mg/L, 2.2mg/L, 2.4mg/L, 2.6mg/L, 2.8mg/L, or 3.0 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 6.6% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00002%, about 0.00002% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.4% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.8%, about 0.8% to about 1.0%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.5% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.8%, about 0.8% to about 1.0%, about 0.5%, about 0% to about 0.6%, about 0% to about 0%, about 0.6%, about 0% to about 3.6%, about 0% to about 6%, or about 0.3% by mass of the one or more additional VOC may be an ethyl ester. In some embodiments, at least about 1.6% by mass (e.g., at least about 1.7%, 1.8%, 1.9%, 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, or 4.5% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be ethyl isovalerate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl isovalerate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl lactate. In some embodiments, the ethyl lactate may be present in an amount of about 0.04 to about 100mg/L (e.g., about 0.04 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 6mg/L, about 6 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 60mg/L, about 60 to about 70mg/L, about 70 to about 80mg/L, about 80 to about 90mg/L, or about 90 to about 100 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0004% to about 90% (e.g., about 0.0004% to about 0.0008%, about 0.0008% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 10% to about 12%, about 12% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 25% to about 30%, about 22% to about 27%, about 30% to about 35%, about 35% to about 38%, about 35% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 50% to about 70%, or about 90% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be ethyl lactate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl lactate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl laurate. In some embodiments, the ethyl laurate can be present in an amount of from about 0.3 to about 180mg/L (e.g., from about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, from about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, from about 0.8 to about 1.2mg/L, from about 1 to about 2mg/L, from about 1.8 to about 2.2mg/L, from about 2 to about 3mg/L, from about 3 to about 5mg/L, from about 5 to about 10mg/L, from about 10 to about 15mg/L, from about 15 to about 20mg/L, from about 20 to about 30mg/L, from about 30 to about 40mg/L, from about 30 to about 44mg/L, from about 40 to about 60mg/L, from about 60 to about 80mg/L, from about 80 to about 100mg/L, from about 100 to about 120mg/L, from about 120 to about 140mg/L, from about 140 to about 160mg/L, or from about 160 to about 180 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.003% to about 90% (e.g., about 0.003% to about 0.006%, about 0.006% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 0.8% to about 1.2%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 25% to about 30%, about 25% to about 33%, about 20% to about 30%, about 20% to about 33%, about 30% to about 50%, about 50% to about 70%, or about 70% to about 90% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be ethyl laurate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl laurate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl myristate. In some embodiments, the ethyl myristate may be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 7mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3.0 to about 3.6mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 6mg/L, or about 6 to about 7 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl myristate may be present in an amount of at least about 0.12mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.15mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.3mg/L, 0.4mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 0.7mg/L, 0.9mg/L, 1mg/L, or 2 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 20% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 0.6%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, or about 15% to about 20% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be myristic acid ethyl ester. In some embodiments, at least about 0.13% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, or 0.5% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be ethyl myristate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl myristate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl nonanoate. In some embodiments, the ethyl nonanoate may be present in an amount of from about 0.00003 to about 2.9mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00003 to about 0.0001mg/L, from about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, from about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, from about 1.0 to about 2.0mg/L, or from about 2.0 to about 2.7 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl pelargonate can be present in an amount less than about 0.0075mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.007mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.002mg/L, or 0.001 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00004% to about 8.3% (e.g., about 0.00004% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.007%, about 0.007% to about 0.009%, about 0.009% to about 0.011%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.8% to about 2.0%, about 3.0% to about 3.8%, about 0% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is about 0.3.8% by mass of the acid. In some embodiments, less than about 0.00009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., less than about 0.00008%, 0.00007%, 0.00005%, 0.0003%, 0.00001%, or 0.000005% by mass) may be ethyl nonanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl nonanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl octanoate. In some embodiments, the ethyl octanoate may be present in an amount of about 0.3 to about 76mg/L (e.g., about 0.3 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.6mg/L, about 0.6 to about 0.8mg/L, about 0.8 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 60mg/L, about 60 to about 70mg/L, or about 70 to about 76 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.004% to about 85% (e.g., about 0.004% to about 0.007%, about 0.007% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, about 4% to about 6%, about 1% to about 5%, about 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 10%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 12%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 80% to about 80%, or about 85% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be ethyl octanoates. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl octanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl palmitate. In some embodiments, the ethyl palmitate may be present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 32mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, or about 25 to about 32 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.002% to about 1% (e.g., about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, or about 0.5% to about 1% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be ethyl palmitate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl palmitate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl phenylacetate. In some embodiments, the ethyl phenylacetate may be present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.4mg/L (e.g., about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.007mg/L, about 0.007 to about 0.009mg/L, about 0.008 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.25 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.35mg/L, or about 0.35 to about 0.4 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 1.2% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.0007%, about 0.0007% to about 0.0009%, about 0.0008% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.8%, about 0.1% to about 0.8%, or about 0.1% to about 1.2%, by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be phenyl ethyl acetate. In some embodiments, less than about 0.000018% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., less than about 0.000017%, 0.000016%, 0.000015%, 0.000014%, 0.000013%, 0.000012%, or 0.000011% by mass) may be ethyl phenylacetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl phenylacetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl propionate. In some embodiments, the ethyl propionate may be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 5.4mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.11mg/L, about 0.11 to about 0.13mg/L, about 0.13 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.17mg/L, about 0.17 to about 0.19mg/L, about 0.19 to about 0.21mg/L, about 0.21 to about 0.23mg/L, about 0.23 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.25 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 0mg/L, about 0.5mg/L, about 0 to about 0.4 mg/L, about 0.3 mg/L, about 0.5mg/L, about 0.19mg/L, or about 0.19 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 1.8%, about 1.0% to about 1.8%, about 1.5% to about 1.5%, about 2.5% to about 5%, about 2% to about 5.5%, about 5% to about 10% ethyl propionate by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be about 10% to about 5.5% to about 10.5% ethyl propionate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise ethyl propionate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl salicylate. In some embodiments, the ethyl salicylate can be present in an amount of about 0.000018 to about 0.01mg/L (e.g., about 0.000018 to about 0.000020mg/L, about 0.000020 to about 0.000025mg/L, about 0.000025 to about 0.000030mg/L, about 0.000030 to about 0.000035mg/L, about 0.000020 to about 0.000030mg/L, about 0.000020 to about 0.000035mg/L, about 0.000035 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, or about 0.005 to about 0.01 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000002% to about 0.035% (e.g., about 0.0000002% to about 0.0000004%, about 0.0000004% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00004%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00002%, about 0.00002% to about 0.00003%, about 0.00003% to about 0.00004%, about 0.00004% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.035%) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be ethyl salicylate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl salicylate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl undecanoate. In some embodiments, the ethyl undecanoate can be present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.001 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, or about 0.2 to about 0.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl undecanoate can be present in an amount of at least about 0.19mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.2mg/L, 0.3mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, or 5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00002% to about 0.4% (e.g., about 0.00002% to about 0.00004%, about 0.00004% to about 0.0001%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, or about 0.3% to about 0.4% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be ethyl undecanoate. In some embodiments, at least about 0.005% (e.g., at least about 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, or 0.2% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be ethyl undecanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl undecanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl valerate. In some embodiments, the ethyl valerate may be present in an amount from about 0.0005 to about 0.65mg/L (e.g., from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, from about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, from about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.10mg/L, from about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, from about 0.10 to about 0.16mg/L, from about 0.15 to about 0.25mg/L, from about 0.25 to about 0.4mg/L, from about 0.4 to about 0.5mg/L, or from about 0.5 to about 0.65 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000006% to about 2% (e.g., about 0.000006% to about 0.000009%, about 0.000009% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.10%, about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.15% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 1.5%, or about 1.5% to about 2% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the ethyl valerate may be ethyl valerate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise ethyl valerate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. In some embodiments, the ethyl 2-methylbutyrate can be present in an amount of from about 0.0012 to about 1mg/L (e.g., from about 0.0012 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, from about 0.03mg/L to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, from about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, from about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.3mg/L, from about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, from about 0.5 to about 0.7mg/L, from about 0.7 to about 0.9mg/L, or from about 0.8 to about 1 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 3% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00002%, about 0.00002% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, or about 2% to about 3% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be ethyl 2-methylbutyrate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl 2-methylbutyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise eugenol. In some embodiments, the eugenol can be present in an amount of about 0.0002 to about 0.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.007mg/L, about 0.007 to about 0.009mg/L, about 0.008 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.4mg/L, or about 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000002% to about 1.5% (e.g., about 0.000002% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, or about 1% to about 1.5% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be eugenol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include eugenol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise furfural. In some embodiments, the furfural may be present in an amount of about 0.003 to about 23mg/L (e.g., about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, or about 20 to about 23 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00003% to about 45% (e.g., about 0.00003% to about 0.00006%, about 0.00006% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, about 4% to about 5%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 6%, about 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 10%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 12%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 20%, about 30% to about 30%, about 40% to about 40% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be furfural. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include furfural.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise gamma-decalactone. In some embodiments, the gamma-decalactone may be present in an amount of from about 0.003 to about 3.8mg/L (e.g., from about 0.003 to about 0.004mg/L, from about 0.004 to about 0.006mg/L, from about 0.006 to about 0.008mg/L, from about 0.008 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, from about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, from about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, from about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, from about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, from about 2.0 to about 3.0mg/L, or from about 3.0 to about 3.8 mg/L). In some embodiments, the gamma-decalactone can be present in an amount of at least about 0.4mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.5mg/L, 0.7mg/L, 0.9mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, or 3 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00006% to about 0.8% (e.g., about 0.00006% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.4% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.7%, or about 0.7% to about 0.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be about 0.00006% to about 0.7% or about 0.8% by mass of decalactone. In some embodiments, at least about 0.2% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.3% or 0.4% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be γ -decalactone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include γ -decalactone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise gamma-terpinene. In some embodiments, the γ -terpinene may be present in an amount of about 0.00005 to about 0.35mg/L (e.g., about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.30mg/L, or about 0.30 to about 0.35 mg/L). In some embodiments, the gamma-terpinene may be present in an amount of at least about 0.06mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.3mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, or 5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000001% to about 0.12% (e.g., about 0.000001% to about 0.000002%, about 0.000002% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.07%, about 0.07% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.09%, about 0.09% to about 1.09%, about 0.11% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be about 11% pine oil. In some embodiments, at least about 0.0017% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least about 0.0018%, 0.0019%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, or 0.03% by mass) can be γ -terpinene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include γ -terpinene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise guaiacol. In some embodiments, the guaiacol may be present in an amount of about 0.0007 to about 5.4mg/L (e.g., about 0.0007 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.004mg/L, about 0.004 to about 0.006mg/L, about 0.006 to about 0.008mg/L, about 0.008 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 4.0mg/L, about 4.0 to about 5.0mg/L, or about 4.0 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000008% to about 13% (e.g., about 0.000008% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.004%, about 0.004% to about 0.006%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.006% to about 0.008%, about 0.008% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0.0%, about 1% to about 1.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0.0%, about 1.5% to about 2%, about 3.5% to about 4%, about 3.5%, about 3.0.5%, about 4%, about 3.0.3%, about 4% to about 4%, about 3.3.6%, about 3% to about 0.3% to about 4%, about 0.0.3% to about 4% by mass of the one or more additional VOC, About 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 10%, about 10% to about 12%, or about 12% to about 13%) can be guaiacol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include guaiacol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise hexanol. In some embodiments, the hexanol may be present in an amount of about 0.004 to about 3.7mg/L (e.g., about 0.004 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.5 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 3.5mg/L, or about 3.0 to about 3.7 mg/L). In some embodiments, the hexanol may be present in an amount less than about 0.013mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.012mg/L, 0.011mg/L, 0.010mg/L, 0.009mg/L, 0.007mg/L, or 0.006 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00004% to about 10.5% (e.g., about 0.00004% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.5% to about 3.0%, about 3.0% to about 3.5%, about 0.5% to about 0.5%, about 0.7% to about 10%, about 10% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be about hexanol, about 2.5% to about 3.0.0.0% to about 3.0% to about 3.5%, about 0% to about 10.0% to about 10.8%. In some embodiments, less than about 0.00016% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., less than about 0.0001%, 0.00009%, 0.00008%, 0.00007%, 0.00006%, or 0.00005% by mass) may be hexanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include hexanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise isoamyl acetate. In some embodiments, the isoamyl acetate can be present in an amount of about 0.06 to about 17mg/L (e.g., about 0.06 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 9 to about 11mg/L, about 11 to about 13mg/L, about 13 to about 15mg/L, or about 15 to about 17 mg/L). In some embodiments, the isoamyl acetate may be present in an amount less than about 0.17mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.16mg/L, 0.15mg/L, 0.14mg/L, 0.13mg/L, 0.12mg/L, 0.11mg/L, 0.10mg/L, or 0.09 mg/L). In some embodiments, the isoamyl acetate may be present in an amount of at least about 8.2mg/L (e.g., at least about 8.5mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 11mg/L, or 12 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.003% to about 28% (e.g., about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.8%, about 0.8% to about 1.0%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, about 4% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, or about 25% to about 28% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be isoamyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isoamyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include isoamyl alcohol. In some embodiments, the isoamyl alcohol may be present in an amount of about 0.6mg/L to about 5g/L (e.g., about 0.6 to about 1mg/L, about 0.6 to about 0.8mg/L, about 0.8 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 48mg/L, about 40 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 100mg/L, about 100 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 500mg/L, about 500mg/L to about 1.0g/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5g/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0g/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5g/L, about 3.5 g/L to about 2.0g/L, About 3 to about 4g/L or about 4 to about 5 g/L). In some embodiments, the isoamyl alcohol may be present in an amount less than about 25mg/L (e.g., less than about 24mg/L, 23mg/L, 22mg/L, 21mg/L, 20mg/L, 15mg/L, 10mg/L, 5mg/L, 2mg/L, or 1 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.01% to about 90% (0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2%, about 2% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 50%, about 50% to about 70%, or about 70% to about 90% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be isoamyl alcohol. In some embodiments, less than about 0.9% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., less than about 0.8%, 0.7%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.1%, 0.09%, 0.08%, 0.07%, 0.06%, 0.05%, 0.04%, 0.03%, or 0.02% by mass) can be isoamyl alcohol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isoamyl alcohol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include isoamyl hexanoates. In some embodiments, the isoamyl hexanoates can be present in an amount of about 0.0 to about 0.09mg/L (e.g., about 0 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0002mg/L, about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, or about 0.07 to about 0.09 mg/L). In some embodiments, the isoamyl hexanoates can be present in an amount of at least about 0.001mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.002mg/L, 0.003mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.007mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.009mg/L, 0.01mg/L, or 0.02 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000002% to about 0.26% (e.g., about 0.000002% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.010%, about 0.010% to about 0.015%, about 0.015% to about 0.020%, about 0.020% to about 0.025%, about 0.025% to about 0.030%, about 0.030% to about 0.035%, about 0.05% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.15%, about 0.15% to about 0.2% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the hexanoic acid ester can be hexanoic acid ester. In some embodiments, at least about 0.001% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, or 0.03% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be isoamyl hexanoates. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isoamyl hexanoates.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise isoamyl octanoate. In some embodiments, the isoamyl octanoate may be present in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 1.9mg/L (e.g., about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.007mg/L, about 0.007 to about 0.009mg/L, about 0.009 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 1.5mg/L, or about 1.5 to about 1.9 mg/L). In some embodiments, the isoamyl octanoate can be present in an amount less than about 0.0005mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.00045mg/L, about 0.0004mg/L, 0.0003mg/L, or 0.0002 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000005% to about 6% (e.g., about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0004%, about 0.0004% to about 0.0006%, about 0.0006% to about 0.0008%, about 0.0008% to about 0.0010%, or about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.007%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 3% to about 5%, about 3% to about 4%, or about 3% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs, is about 3% o. In some embodiments, less than about 0.000011% (e.g., less than about 0.000010%, 0.000009%, 0.000008%, 0.000007%, or 0.000006% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be isoamyl octanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isoamyl octanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise isobutanol. In some embodiments, the isobutanol may be present in an amount of about 3.3mg/L to about 1.1g/L (e.g., about 3.3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 6mg/L, about 6 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, about 30mg/L to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 70mg/L, about 70 to about 90mg/L, about 80 to about 100mg/L, about 100 to about 150mg/L, about 150 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, about 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 700mg/L, From about 700 to about 900mg/L or from about 900mg/L to about 1.1 g/L). In some embodiments, the isobutanol can be present in an amount less than about 9.2mg/L (e.g., less than about 9.1mg/L, 9.0mg/L, 8.5mg/L, 8.0mg/L, 7.5mg/L, 7.0mg/L, 6.5mg/L, 6.0mg/L, 5.5mg/L, 5.0mg/L, 4.5mg/L, 4.0mg/L, or 3.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.15% to about 95% (e.g., about 0.15% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 25% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 70% to about 80%, about 80% to about 90%, or about 90% to about 95% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be isobutanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise isobutanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise isobutyl acetate. In some embodiments, the isobutyl acetate can be present in an amount of about 0.003 to about 1.9mg/L (e.g., about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 0.7mg/L, about 0.7 to about 0.9mg/L, about 0.9 to about 1.1mg/L, about 1.1 to about 1.3mg/L, about 1.3 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 1.1mg/L, about 1.9 to about 1.1mg/L, or about 1.7 mg/L). In some embodiments, the isobutyl acetate can be present in an amount less than about 0.0065mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.006 or 0.005 mg/L). In some embodiments, the isobutyl acetate can be present in an amount of at least about 0.35mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.4mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 0.6mg/L, 0.7mg/L, 0.8mg/L, 0.9mg/L, or 1 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 6% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.04%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.04% to about 0.06%, about 0.06% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.1%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.4% to about 0.6%, about 0.6% to about 0.8%, about 0.8% to about 1.0%, about 0.5% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 1.5%, about 3% to about 1.6%, about 3%, about 1% to about 1.1%, about 1%, about 3%, or about 4% by mass of the one or more additional VOC may be about 3%. In some embodiments, at least about 0.33% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least about 0.34%, 0.35%, 0.36%, 0.37%, 0.38%, 0.39%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1.0%, 1.1%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, or 1.5% by mass) can be isobutyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise isobutyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise isobutyric acid. In some embodiments, the isobutyric acid can be present in an amount of about 0.8 to about 5.1mg/L (e.g., about 0.8 to about 2mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.2mg/L, about 1.2 to about 1.4mg/L, about 1.4 to about 1.6mg/L, about 1.6 to about 1.8mg/L, about 1.8 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.2mg/L, about 2.2 to about 2.4mg/L, about 2.4 to about 2.6mg/L, about 2.6 to about 2.8mg/L, about 2.8 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, or about 4 to about 5.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.01% to about 14% (e.g., about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0% to about 1.5%, about 1.0% to about 1.6%, about 1.6% to about 2%, about 2% to about 4%, about 4% to about 6%, about 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 10%, about 10% to about 12%, or about 12% to about 14% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be isobutyric acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isobutyric acid.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include isovaleraldehyde. In some embodiments, the isovaleraldehyde may be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, or about 0.4 to about 0.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 1.8% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 0.6%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.1% to about 0.6%, about 0.06% to about 1%, about 1% to about 1.4%, or about 1.4% to about 1.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be isovaleraldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isovaleraldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise limonene. In some embodiments, the limonene can be present in an amount of about 0.000006 to about 0.03mg/L (e.g., about 0.000006 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.2mg/L, or about 0.2 to about 0.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, the limonene can be present in an amount of at least about 0.009mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.010mg/L, 0.012mg/L, 0.014mg/L, or 0.016 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000001% to about 0.1% (e.g., about 0.0000001% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.005%, about 0.01% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.07%, about 0.07% to about 0.09%, or about 0.09% to about 0.1% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be limonene. In some embodiments, at least about 0.009% (e.g., at least about 0.009%, 0.01%, or 0.02% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be limonene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include limonene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise linalool. In some embodiments, the linalool may be present in an amount of about 0.0000006 to about 2mg/L (e.g., about 0.0000006 to about 0.000001mg/L, about 0.000001 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.8mg/L, about 0.8 to about 1.2mg/L, about 1.2 to about 1.6mg/L, or about 1.6 to about 2 mg/L). In some embodiments, the linalool can be present in an amount less than about 0.0075mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.007mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.003mg/L, 0.002mg/L, 0.001mg/L, 0.0005mg/L, 0.0001mg/L, 0.00005mg/L, 0.00001mg/L, or 0.000005 mg/L). In some embodiments, the linalool may be present in an amount of at least about 0.03mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.04mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.06mg/L, 0.07mg/L, 0.08mg/L, 0.09mg/L, 0.10mg/L, 0.11mg/L, 0.12mg/L, 0.13mg/L, 0.14mg/L, or 0.15 mg/L). In some embodiments, from about 0.00000005% to about 6.2% (e.g., from about 0.00000005% to about 0.0000001%, from about 0.0000001% to about 0.000001%, from about 0.000001% to about 0.00001%, from about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, from about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, from about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, from about 0.001% to about 0.005%, from about 0.005% to about 0.01%, from about 0.01% to about 0.05%, from about 0.05% to about 0.10%, from about 0.10% to about 0.13%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 2%, from about 2% to about 3%, from about 3% to about 4%, from about 4% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 6%, or from about 6.6% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the linalool can be linalool. In some embodiments, at least about 0.03% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.10%, 0.11%, or 0.12% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be linalool. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include linalool.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise linalool oxide. In some embodiments, the linalool oxide may be present in an amount of about 0.003 to about 0.4mg/L (e.g., about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, or about 0.3 to about 0.4 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 1.25% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.4%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.4%, about 0.4% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 0.75%, about 0.75% to about 1%, or about 1% to about 1.25% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be linalool oxide. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include linalool oxide.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise linalyl acetate. In some embodiments, the linalyl acetate may be present in an amount of about 0.00005 to about 0.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.5, or about 0.1 to about 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the linalyl acetate may be present in an amount of about at least about 0.05mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.1mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.3mg/L, or 0.4 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000006% to about 0.7% (e.g., about 0.0000006% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.007%, about 0.009% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.5%, or about 0.5% to about 0.7% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be linalyl acetate. In some embodiments, at least about 0.16% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 5%, or 8% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be linalyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include linalyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise maltol. In some embodiments, the maltol may be present in an amount of about 0.00005 to about 5.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 4.0 to about 5.5mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, or about 1.0 to about 5.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000015% to about 4% (e.g., about 0.0000015% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, or about 1% to about 4% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be maltol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include maltol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise methyl decanoate. In some embodiments, the methyl decanoate can be present in an amount of about 0.00002 to about 0.025mg/L (e.g., about 0.00002 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.010mg/L, about 0.010 to about 0.015mg/L, about 0.015 to about 0.020mg/L, about 0.020 to about 0.025mg/L, or about 0.01 to about 0.02 mg/L). In some embodiments, the methyl decanoate can be present in an amount less than about 0.0018mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.0015mg/L, 0.001mg/L, 0.0005mg/L, 0.0001mg/L, 0.00005mg/L, or 0.00003 mg/L). In some embodiments, the methyl decanoate can be present in an amount of at least about 0.0075mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.0075mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.009mg/L, 0.010mg/L, 0.012mg/L, 0.014mg/L, 0.016mg/L, 0.018mg/L, or 0.020 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000003% to about 0.06% (e.g., about 0.0000003% to about 0.0000005%, about 0.0000005% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.009%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, or about 0.03% to about 0.06% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs may be methyl decanoate. In some embodiments, less than about 0.00004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., less than about 0.00003%, 0.00002%, 0.00001%, 0.000009%, 0.000008%, 0.000007%, 0.000006%, 0.000005%, 0.000003%, 0.000001%, 0.0000009%, 0.0000007%, or 0.0000005% by mass) may be methyl decanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise methyl decanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise methyl hexanoate. In some embodiments, the methyl hexanoate can be present in an amount of about 0.00006 to about 0.09mg/L (e.g., about 0.000006 to about 0.00007mg/L, about 0.0007 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, or about 0.07 to about 0.09 mg/L). In some embodiments, the methyl hexanoate can be present in an amount of at least about 0.006mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.01mg/L, 0.03mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.08mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.1mg/L, or 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000007% to about 0.14% (e.g., about 0.0000007% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.010%, about 0.010% to about 0.013%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.14% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be methyl hexanoate. In some embodiments, at least about 0.018% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least about 0.019%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, or 0.5% by mass) may be methyl hexanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include methyl hexanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise methyl laurate. In some embodiments, the methyl laurate can be present in an amount of from about 0.000007 to about 0.02mg/L (e.g., from about 0.000007 to about 0.00001mg/L, from about 0.00001 to about 0.00005mg/L, from about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, from about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 mg/L). In some embodiments, the methyl laurate can be present in an amount of at least about 0.0055mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.006mg/L, 0.007mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.009mg/L, 0.010mg/L, 0.011mg/L, 0.012mg/L, 0.013mg/L, 0.014mg/L, or 0.015 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000001% to about 0.03% (e.g., about 0.0000001% to about 0.0000002%, about 0.0000002% to about 0.0000005%, about 0.0000005% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.001% to about 0.007%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.007%, about 0.007% to about 0.007%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, or about 0.02% to about 0.03% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be lauric acid methyl ester. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include methyl laurate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise methyl octanoate. In some embodiments, the methyl octanoate may be present in an amount of about 0.000000006 to about 0.006mg/L (e.g., about 0.000000006 to about 0.00000001mg/L, about 0.00000001 to about 0.0000001mg/L, about 0.0000001 to about 0.000001mg/L, about 0.000001 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, or about 0.003 to about 0.006 mg/L). In some embodiments, the methyl octanoate may be present in an amount less than about 0.00017mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.0015mg/L, 0.0013mg/L, 0.0011mg/L, 0.001mg/L, 0.0005mg/L, 0.0001mg/L, 0.00005mg/L, 0.00001mg/L, 0.000005mg/L, 0.000001mg/L, 0.0000005mg/L, 0.0000001mg/L, 0.00000005mg/L, or 0.00000001 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000000001% to about 0.02% (e.g., about 0.000000001% to about 0.000000005%, about 0.000000005% to about 0.00000001%, about 0.00000005% to about 0.0000001%, about 0.0000001% to about 0.0000005%, about 0.0000005% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.02% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be methyl octanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include methyl octanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise methyl salicylate. In some embodiments, the methyl salicylate can be present in an amount of about 0.00001 to about 0.018mg/L (e.g., about 0.00001 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.010mg/L, about 0.010 to about 0.013mg/L, about 0.013 to about 0.016mg/L, or about 0.016 to about 0.018 mg/L). In some embodiments, the methyl salicylate can be present in an amount of less than about 0.00004mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.00003 or 0.00002 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000007% to about 0.054% (e.g., about 0.0000007% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.010%, about 0.010% to about 0.015%, about 0.015% to about 0.03%, or about 0.03% to about 0.054% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be methyl salicylate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include methyl salicylate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include myrcene. In some embodiments, the myrcene may be present in an amount of about 0.000003 to about 0.004mg/L (e.g., about 0.000003 to about 0.000005mg/L, about 0.000005 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.004mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.003mg/L, or about 0.003 to about 0.004 mg/L). In some embodiments, the myrcene may be present in an amount less than about 0.0015mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.0014mg/L, 0.012mg/L, 0.0010mg/L, 0.0009mg/L, 0.0008mg/L, 0.0007mg/L, 0.0006 mg/L0.0005 mg/L, 0.0004mg/L, 0.0003mg/L, 0.0002mg/L, 0.0001mg/L, 0.00005mg/L, 0.00001mg/L, or 0.000005 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000005% to about 0.012% (e.g., about 0.0000005% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.004%, about 0.004% to about 0.008%, or about 0.008% to about 0.012% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be myrcene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include myrcene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise myrtenol. In some embodiments, the myrtenol may be present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, or about 0.1 to about 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.06mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.04mg/L, 0.03mg/L, 0.02mg/L, or 0.01 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 1.7% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 1.5%, or about 1.5% to about 1.7% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be myrtenol. In some embodiments, less than about 0.0008% by mass (e.g., less than about 0.0007%, 0.0005%, 0.0003%, 0.0002%, 0.0001%, 0.00005%, or 0.00001% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs may be myrtenol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include myrtenol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise nonanal. In some embodiments, the nonanal may be present in an amount of about 0.0007 to about 0.07mg/L (e.g., about 0.0007 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.06mg/L, or about 0.06 to about 0.07 mg/L). In some embodiments, the nonanal may be present in an amount of at least about 0.002mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.003mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.007mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.009mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.02mg/L, or 0.03 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000008% to about 0.2% (e.g., about 0.000008% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.001% to about 0.003%, about 0.002% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.2% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be nonanal. In some embodiments, at least about 0.002% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be nonanal. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include nonanal.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise caprylic acid. In some embodiments, the caprylic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.8 to about 74mg/L (e.g., about 0.8 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 35mg/L, about 30 to about 36mg/L, about 36 to about 48mg/L, about 48 to about 55mg/L, about 55 to about 60mg/L, about 60 to about 70mg/L, or about 70 to about 74 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.03% to about 82% (e.g., about 0.03% to about 0.06%, about 0.06% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.0 to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.5% to about 3.0%, about 3.0% to about 3.5%, about 3.5% to about 4.0%, about 4.0% to about 4.5%, about 1% to about 4%, about 4.5% to about 4.8%, about 4% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, or about 70% to about 82% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the octanoic acid may be octanoic acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include caprylic acid.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include p-cresol. In some embodiments, the p-cresol may be present in an amount of about 0.0001 to about 10.8mg/L (e.g., about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.5 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 3.3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 6mg/L, about 6mg/L to about 10mg/L, about 8 to about 8mg/L, about 10mg/L, about 8 to about 8 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00006% to about 26% (e.g., about 0.00006% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, or about 20% to about 26% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be p-cresol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include p-cresol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise p-cymene. In some embodiments, the paracymene may be present in an amount of about 0.000001 to about 0.003mg/L (e.g., about 0.000001 to about 0.000005mg/L, about 0.000005 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, or about 0.002 to about 0.003 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000002% to about 0.001% (e.g., about 0.0000002% to about 0.0000005%, about 0.0000005% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, or about 0.0005% to about 0.001% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be p-cymene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include p-cymene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise phenylethyl butyrate. In some embodiments, the phenylethyl butyrate may be present in an amount of about 0.0000002 to about 0.04mg/L (e.g., about 0.0000002 to about 0.0000005mg/L, about 0.0000005 to about 0.000001mg/L, about 0.000001 to about 0.000005mg/L, about 0.000005 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, or about 0.03 to about 0.04 mg/L). In some embodiments, the phenylethyl butyrate may be present in an amount less than about 0.00015mg/L (e.g., less than 0.00014mg/L, 0.00013mg/L, 0.00012mg/L, 0.00011mg/L, 0.0001mg/L, 0.00009mg/L, 0.00007mg/L, 0.00005mg/L, 0.00003mg/L, 0.00001mg/L, 0.000009mg/L, 0.000007mg/L, 0.000005gm/L, 0.000003mg/L, 0.000001mg/L, 0.0000009mg/L, 0.0000007mg/L, or 0.0000005 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00000004% to about 0.13% (e.g., about 0.00000004% to about 0.0000001%, about 0.0000001% to about 0.0000005%, about 0.0000005% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be phenethyl butyrate. In some embodiments, less than 0.000003% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., less than 0.000002%, 0.000001%, 0.00000009%, 0.0000007%, or 0.0000005% by mass) may be phenethylbutyrate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise phenethylbutyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise phenethyloctanoate. In some embodiments, the phenethyloctanoate may be present in an amount of about 0.000006 to about 0.27mg/L (e.g., about 0.000006 to about 0.00001mg/L, about 0.00001 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0003mg/L, about 0.0003 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.004mg/L, about 0.004 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, or about 0.2 to about 0.27 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000001% to about 0.83% (e.g., about 0.0000001% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000003%, about 0.000003% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.004%, about 0.004% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, or about 0.5% to about 0.83% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be phenethyl octanoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include phenethyloctanoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include propanol. In some embodiments, the propanol may be present in an amount of about 0.9 to about 2.5g/L (e.g., about 0.9 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 60mg/L, about 60 to about 70mg/L, about 70 to about 80mg/L, about 80 to about 90mg/L, about 90 to about 100mg/L, about 100 to about 150mg/L, about 150 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, about 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500mg/L to about 1g/L, about 1 to about 1.5g/L, About 1.5 to about 2g/L or about 2 to about 2.5 g/L). In some embodiments, the propanol may be present in an amount less than about 9.8mg/L (e.g., less than about 9mg/L, 8mg/L, 7mg/L, 5mg/L, 3mg/L, 1mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 0.3mg/L, or 0.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.2% to about 90% (e.g., about 0.2% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 4%, about 1% to about 5%, about 4% to about 6%, about 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 10%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 70% to about 80%, or about 80% to about 90% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be propanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include propanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise trans-2-hexen-1-al. In some embodiments, the trans-2-hexen-1-al may be present in an amount of about 0.0004 to about 0.0009mg/L (e.g., about 0.0004 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.0006mg/L, about 0.0006 to about 0.0007mg/L, 0.0007 to about 0.0008mg/L, or about 0.0008 to about 0.0009 mg/L). In some embodiments, 0.000004% to about 0.001% (e.g., about 0.000004% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, or about 0.0005% to about 0.001% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be trans-2-hexen-1-al. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise whiskey lactones (also known as cis-whiskey lactones). In some embodiments, the whiskey lactone may be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 10mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 6mg/L, about 6 to about 8mg/L, or about 8 to about 10 mg/L). In some embodiments, from about 0.0001% to about 25% (e.g., from about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, from about 0.001% to about 0.006%, from about 0.006% to about 0.01%, from about 0.01% to about 0.05%, from about 0.05% to about 0.1%, from about 0.1% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 0.5%, from about 0.5% to about 0.7%, from about 0.7% to about 0.9%, from about 0.8% to about 1.0%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, from about 0.5% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 9%, from about 1% to about 3%, from about 3% to about 5%, from about 5% to about 7%, from about 7% to about 9%, from about 8% to about 10%, from about 10% to about 15%, from about 15% to about 20% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the whiskey lactone may be a whiskey lactone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include whiskey lactones.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise diethyl malate. In some embodiments, the diethyl malate may be present in an amount of about 0.06 to about 33mg/L (e.g., about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, or about 30 to about 33 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0007% to about 56% (e.g., about 0.0007% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 4%, about 4% to about 5%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, about 20% to about 25%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, or about 50% to about 56% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be diethyl malate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise diethyl malate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate. In some embodiments, the ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate can be present in an amount of about 0.0007 to about 0.02mg/L (e.g., about 0.0007 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or about 0.01 to about 0.02 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000009% to about 0.05% (by mass about 0.000009% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.00015%, about 0.00015% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.004%, about 0.004% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.01% to about 0.3%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, or about 0.04% to about 0.05%) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl benzoate. In some embodiments, the ethyl benzoate may be present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.21mg/L (e.g., about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, or about 0.2 to about 0.21 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 0.7% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00002%, about 0.00002% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.5%, or about 0.5% to about 0.7% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be ethyl benzoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl benzoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl levulinate. In some embodiments, the ethyl levulinate may be present in an amount of about 0.003 to about 1.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.003 to about 0.007mg/L, about 0.007 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.10, about 0.10 to about 0.12mg/L, about 0.12 to about 0.014mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 1.3mg/L, or about 1.3 to about 1.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00004% to about 4.7% (e.g., about 0.00004% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.07%, about 0.07% to about 0.09%, about 0.09% to about 0.11%, about 0.05% to about 0.10%, about 0.11% to about 0.13%, about 0.13% to about 0.15%, about 0.05% to about 0.10%, about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.1% to about 4%, about 3% to about 4%, or about 3% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be ethyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise ethyl levulinate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include farnesol. In some embodiments, the farnesol can be present in an amount of about 0.007 to about 0.06mg/L (e.g., about 0.007 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, or about 0.04 to about 0.06 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 0.1% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.07%, about 0.05% to about 0.07%, or about 0.07% to about 0.1% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be farnesol. In some embodiments, at least about 0.05% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.06% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be farnesol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include farnesol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise gamma-nonalactone. In some embodiments, the γ -nonalactone may be present in an amount of about 0.004 to about 0.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.004 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.3mg/L, or about 0.3 to about 0.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00009% to about 1.4% (e.g., about 0.00009% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.06%, about 0.06% to about 0.07%, about 0.07% to about 0.08%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.5% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be about 1% to about gamma lactone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include γ -nonalactone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise geraniol. In some embodiments, the geraniol may be present in an amount of about 0.007 to about 5.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.007 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 4.0 to about 5.6mg/L, or about 1.0 to about 5.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, the geraniol can be present in an amount of at least about 0.26mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.3mg/L, 0.4mg/L, 0.5mg/L, 0.6mg/L, 0.7mg/L, 0.8mg/L, 0.9mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 3mg/L, or 4 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 2.2% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.0006%, about 0.006% to about 0.007%, about 0.007% to about 0.008%, about 0.008% to 0.009%, about 0.009% to about 0.01%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1.0%, about 1.1% to about 1.5%, about 2% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the alcohol can be about 2% to about 2.5% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs. In some embodiments, at least about 0.8% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.9%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, 5.0%, 6.0%, 8.0%, or 10.0% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be geraniol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include geraniol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise isobutyraldehyde. In some embodiments, the isobutyraldehyde can be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 12mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 6mg/L, about 6 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, or about 10 to about 12 mg/L). In some embodiments, the isobutyraldehyde can be present in an amount of at least about 4.4mg/L (e.g., at least about 5mg/L, 6mg/L, 7mg/L, 8mg/L, 10mg/L, 12mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L, 25mg/L, or 40 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0001% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.0001% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 3%, about 3% to about 5%, about 5% to about 7%, about 7% to about 9%, about 9% to about 11%, about 11% to about 13%, or about 13% to about 15% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be isobutyraldehyde. In some embodiments, at least about 1.13% by mass (e.g., at least about 1.15%, 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, or 14% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be isobutyraldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isobutyraldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise phenylethyl formate. In some embodiments, the phenylethyl formate can be present in an amount of about 0.002 to about 0.1mg/L (e.g., about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, or about 0.08 to about 0.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, the ethyl benzoate may be present in an amount of at least about 0.055mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.06mg/L or 0.07 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00002% to about 0.12% (e.g., about 0.00002% to about 0.00004%, about 0.00004% to about 0.0001%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.04%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.04% to about 0.06%, about 0.06% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.10%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.10% to about 0.12% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be a phenethyl formate. In some embodiments, at least about 0.05% by mass (e.g., about 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, or 0.1% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be phenylethyl formate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise phenylethyl formate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise propyl acetate. In some embodiments, the propyl acetate may be present in an amount of about 0.003 to about 0.15mg/L (e.g., about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.11mg/L, about 0.11 to about 0.13mg/L, or about 0.13 to about 0.15 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00004% to about 0.5% (e.g., about 0.00004% to about 0.00007%, about 0.00007% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.2%, about 0.2% to about 0.4%, or about 0.4% to about 0.5% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be propyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include propyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise salicylaldehyde. In some embodiments, the salicylaldehyde can be present in an amount of about 0.00007 to about 0.065mg/L (e.g., about 0.00007 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, or about 0.040 to about 0.065 mg/L). In some embodiments, the salicylaldehyde can be present in an amount of at least about 0.02mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.03gm/L, 0.04mg/L, or 0.05 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000001% to about 0.1% (e.g., about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.003% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% to about 0.1% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be salicylaldehyde. In some embodiments, at least about 0.02% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.03% or 0.04% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be salicylaldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include salicylaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise vanillyl ethyl ether. In some embodiments, the vanillyl ether may be present in an amount of about 0.002 to about 0.17mg/L (e.g., about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.009mg/L, about 0.009 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.15mg/L, or about 0.15 to about 0.17 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00002% to about 0.5% (e.g., about 0.00002% to about 0.0002%, about 0.0002% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.09%, about 0.05% to about 0.07%, about 0.07% to about 0.09%, about 0.09% to about 0.2%, or about 0.2% to about 0.5% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be vanillyl ethyl ether. In some embodiments, at least about 0.067% by mass (e.g., about 0.068%, 0.069%, 0.07%, or 0.08% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be vanillyl ether. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include vanillyl ether.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 2-heptanone. In some embodiments, the 2-heptanone can be present in an amount from about 0.00025 to about 0.33mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00025 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, from about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, from about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, from about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, from about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, from about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, or from about 0.3 to about 0.33 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000003% to about 1% (e.g., about 0.000003% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.06%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.06% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, or about 0.5% to about 1% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be about 2-heptanone. In some embodiments, at least about 0.068% by mass (e.g., at least about 0.069%, 0.07%, 0.08%, or 0.09% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be 2-heptanone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-heptanone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise acetophenone. In some embodiments, the acetophenone may be present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.2mg/L (e.g., about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.15mg/L, or about 0.15 to about 0.2 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 0.6% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00003%, about 0.00003% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.004%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.004% to about 0.006%, about 0.006% to about 0.008%, about 0.008% to about 0.01%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, about 0.3% to about 0.5%, or about 0.5% to about 0.6% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be acetophenone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include acetophenone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise geranylacetone. In some embodiments, the geranylacetone can be present in an amount of about 0.0025 to about 0.02mg/L (e.g., about 0.0025 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or about 0.01 to about 0.02 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00005% to about 0.065% (e.g., about 0.00005% to about 0.00008%, about 0.00008% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.010%, about 0.010% to about 0.015%, about 0.015% to about 0.020%, about 0.020% to about 0.025%, about 0.025% to about 0.045%, or about 0.045% to about 0.065% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be geranylacetone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include geranylacetone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise methylthiopropanal. In some embodiments, the methylthiopropanal can be present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.009mg/L (e.g., about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.007mg/L, or about 0.007 to about 0.009 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00003% to about 0.02% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.004%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.0.006% to about 0.006%, about 0.008% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.02% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) may be methylthiopropanal. In some embodiments, at least about 0.0076% by mass (e.g., about 0.0077%, 0.0078%, 0.0079%, 0.008%, or 0.009% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be methylthiopropanal. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise methylthiopropanal.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl trans-2-butenoate. In some embodiments, the ethyl trans-2-butenoate can be present in an amount of about 0.00003 to about 0.07mg/L (e.g., about 0.00003 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.06mg/L, or about 0.06 to about 0.07 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000004% to about 0.22% (e.g., about 0.0000004% to about 0.0000008%, about 0.0000008% to about 0.000001%, about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.006% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.15%, about 0.15% to about 0.15% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be about 2% ethyl crotonate. In some embodiments, at least about 0.035% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs (e.g., at least 0.040% by mass or 0.045% by mass) can be ethyl trans-2-butenoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include ethyl trans-2-butenoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise valeraldehyde. In some embodiments, the pentanal may be present in an amount of about 0.00007 to about 0.06mg/L (e.g., about 0.00007 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005mg/L to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.05mg/L, or about 0.05 to about 0.06 mg/L). In some embodiments, the valeraldehyde may be present in an amount of at least about 0.0002mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.0003mg/L, 0.0004mg/L, 0.0005mg/L, 0.0006mg/L, 0.0007mg/L, 0.0008mg/L, 0.0009mg/L, 0.001mg/L, 0.002mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.02mg/L, 0.03mg/L, 0.04mg/L, or 0.05 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000001% to about 0.07% (e.g., about 0.000001% to about 0.000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.06%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.01% to about 0.07%, or about 0.06% to about 0.07%) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be pentanal. In some embodiments, at least about 0.0007% (e.g., at least about 0.0008%, 0.0009%, 0.001%, 0.002%, 0.003%, 0.004%, 0.005%, 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.1%, or 0.5% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be pentanal. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include valeraldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise propionaldehyde. In some embodiments, the propionaldehyde may be present in an amount of about 0.07 to about 0.13mg/L (e.g., about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.11mg/L, about 0.11 to about 0.13mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.10mg/L, or about 0.10 to about 0.13 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.04% to about 0.2% (e.g., about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.10%, about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.15% to about 0.20%, or about 0.1% to about 0.2% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs can be propionaldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise propionaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ethyl (methylthio) acetate. In some embodiments, the ethyl (methylthio) acetate may be present in an amount of about 0.0007 to about 0.0017mg/L (e.g., about 0.0007 to about 0.0010mg/L, about 0.0010 to about 0.0015mg/L, about 0.0010 to about 0.0017mg/L, about 0.0007 to about 0.0009mg/L, about 0.0009 to about 0.0011mg/L, about 0.0011 to about 0.0013mg/L, about 0.0013 to about 0.0015mg/L, or about 0.0015 to about 0.0017 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 0.0043% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.0010% to about 0.0015%, about 0.0015% to about 0.002%, about 0.002% to about 0.003%, about 0.003% to about 0.004%, or about 0.004% to about 0.0043% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be ethyl (methylthio) acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise ethyl (methylthio) acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise eucalyptol. In some embodiments, the eucalyptol may be present in an amount of about 0.0002 to about 0.0004mg/L (e.g., about 0.0002 to about 0.00025mg/L, about 0.00025 to about 0.0003mg/L, about 0.0003 to about 0.0035mg/L, or about 0.0035 to about 0.0004 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000003% to about 0.0013% (e.g., about 0.00003% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, or about 0.0010% to about 0.0013% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be heptyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include heptyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise heptyl acetate. In some embodiments, the heptyl acetate can be present in an amount from about 0.0008 to about 0.05mg/L (e.g., from about 0.0008 to about 0.0010mg/L, from about 0.0010 to about 0.0015mg/L, from about 0.0010 to about 0.0012mg/L, from about 0.0012 to about 0.0014mg/L, from about 0.0014 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or from about 0.01 to about 0.05 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00001% to about 0.15% (e.g., about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.0010% to about 0.0015%, about 0.0015% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.15% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be heptyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include heptyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include isoamyl isovalerate. In some embodiments, the isoamyl isovalerate may be present in an amount of about 0.00001 to about 0.03mg/L (e.g., about 0.00001 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0002mg/L, about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, or about 0.01 to about 0.03 mg/L). In some embodiments, the isoamyl isovalerate may be present at an amount of at least about 0.00075mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.0008mg/L, 0.0009mg/L, 0.001mg/L, 0.002mg/L, 0.003mg/L, 0.004mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.006mg/L, 0.007mg/L, 0.008mg/L, 0.009mg/L, 0.01mg/L, or 0.02 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0000002% to about 0.07% (e.g., about 0.0000002% to about 0.0000005%, about 0.000005% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% to about 0.7% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be isoamyl isovalerate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isoamyl isovalerate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise isobutyl isobutyrate. In some embodiments, the isobutyl isobutyrate can be present in an amount of about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L (e.g., 0.0005 to about 0.0006mg/L, about 0.0006 to about 0.0007mg/L, about 0.0007 to about 0.0008mg/L, about 0.0008 to about 0.0009mg/L, about 0.0009mg/L to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.0007mg/L, about 0.0007 to about 0.0009mg/L, about 0.0006 to about 0.0008mg/L, or about 0.0008 to about 0.001 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0002% to about 0.0004% (e.g., about 0.0002% to about 0.0003% or about 0.0003% to about 0.0004% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be isobutyl isobutyrate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isobutyl isobutyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise methyl acetate. In some embodiments, the methyl acetate may be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.2mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, or about 0.1 to about 0.2 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00015% to about 0.55% (e.g., about 0.00015% to about 0.0003%, about 0.0003% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.15% to about 0.25%, about 0.25% to about 0.35%, about 0.35% to about 0.45%, or about 0.45% to about 0.55% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be methyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise methyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include p-anisaldehyde. In some embodiments, the p-anisaldehyde may be present in an amount of about 0.028 to about 0.055mg/L (e.g., about 0.028 to about 0.030mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, or about 0.50 to about 0.55 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.02% to about 0.07% (e.g., about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% to about 0.07% by mass) of the one or more additional VOCs may be p-anisaldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include p-anisaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise phenylethyl propionate. In some embodiments, the phenylethyl propionate can be present in an amount of about 0.0003 to about 0.05mg/L (e.g., about 0.0003 to about 0.0004mg/L, about 0.0004 to about 0.0006mg/L, about 0.0006 to about 0.0008mg/L, about 0.0008 to about 0.0010mg/L, about 0.0010 to about 0.0012mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, or about 0.03 to about 0.05 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.000004% to about 0.15% (e.g., about 0.000004% to about 0.000007%, about 0.000007% to about 0.00001%, about 0.00001% to about 0.00005%, about 0.00005% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.15% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be phenethyl propionate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include phenylethyl propionate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise butyraldehyde. In some embodiments, the butyraldehyde can be present in an amount of from about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L (e.g., from about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L or from 0.02 to about 0.03 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.008% to about 0.025% (e.g., about 0.008% to about 0.010%, about 0.010% to about 0.015%, about 0.015% to about 0.020%, or about 0.020% to about 0.025% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be butyraldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise butyraldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise propionic acid. In some embodiments, the propionic acid can be present in an amount of about 0.14 to about 5.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.14 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.26mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, or about 5 to about 5.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.006% to about 15% (e.g., about 0.006% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.10%, about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.15% to about 0.20%, about 0.20% to about 0.25%, about 0.10% to about 0.20%, about 0.15% to about 0.25%, about 0.25% to about 1%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, or about 10% to about 15% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) can be propionic acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include propionic acid.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise isovaleric acid. In some embodiments, the isovaleric acid may be present in an amount of about 0.4 to about 3.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.4 to about 0.8mg/L, about 0.8 to about 1.2mg/L, about 1.2 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 1.8mg/L, about 1.8 to about 2.0mg/L, about 1.8 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.0 to about 3.0mg/L, about 2.5 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 3.5mg/L, or about 3.0 to about 3.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.005% to about 9% (e.g., about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 1.5%, about 1.1% to about 1.5%, about 1.5% to about 2.0%, about 1.1% to about 2.0%, about 2.0% to about 2.5%, about 2.0% to about 3.0%, about 2.0% to about 3.2%, about 2.5% to about 3.0%, about 2.5% to about 3.2%, about 3% to about 6%, or about 6% to about 9% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be isovaleric acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isovaleric acid.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise valeric acid. In some embodiments, the valeric acid may be present in an amount of 0.04 to about 0.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.04 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, or about 0.4 to about 0.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.003% to about 1.8% (e.g., about 0.003% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.02%, about 0.02% to about 0.03%, about 0.03% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.06%, about 0.06% to about 0.07%, about 0.02% to about 0.04%, about 0.04% to about 0.06%, about 0.03% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.07%, about 0.07% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 1.4%, or about 1.4% to about 1.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass may be valeric acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise valeric acid.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include hexanoic acid. In some embodiments, the hexanoic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.14 to about 20mg/L (e.g., about 0.14 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.26mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.26mg/L, about 0.26 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, or about 15 to about 20 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.06% to about 40% (e.g., about 0.06% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.10%, about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.15% to about 0.20%, about 0.20% to about 0.25%, about 0.10% to about 0.20%, about 0.15% to about 0.25%, about 0.25% to about 1%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, or about 30% to about 40% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be hexanoic acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include hexanoic acid.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise pelargonic acid. In some embodiments, the pelargonic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.03 to about 0.18mg/L (e.g., about 0.03 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.12mg/L, about 0.12 to about 0.14mg/L, about 0.14 to about 0.16mg/L, about 0.16 to about 0.18mg/L, or about 0.10 to about 0.15 mg/L). In some embodiments, the pelargonic acid can be present in an amount of at least about 0.09mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.10mg/L, 0.11mg/L, 0.12mg/L, 0.13mg/L, 0.14mg/L, or 0.15 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0003% to about 0.18% (e.g., about 0.0003% to about 0.0006%, about 0.0006% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.08%, about 0.08% to about 0.11%, about 0.11% to about 0.14%, about 0.14% to about 0.16%, about 0.05% to about 0.10%, about 0.10% to about 0.15%, about 0.10% to about 0.18%, or about 0.15% to about 0.18% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs may be nonanoic acid. In some embodiments, at least about 0.09% (e.g., at least about 0.10%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, or 0.15% by mass) by mass of the one or more additional VOCs can be pelargonic acid. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include pelargonic acid.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may include 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine. In some embodiments, the 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine can be present in an amount from about 0.00024mg/L to about 0.019mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00024 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.015mg/L, or from about 0.015 to about 0.019 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.9E-06% to about 0.058% (e.g., about 2.9E-06% to about 5.0E-06%, about 5.0E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.058% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise 2-heptanol. In some embodiments, the 2-heptanol can be present in an amount from about 0.0032mg/L to about 0.44mg/L (e.g., from about 0.0032 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, or from about 0.2 to about 0.44 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 3.86E-05% to about 1.34% (e.g., about 3.86E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, or about 1% to about 1.34% by mass of the additional VOC) by mass of the additional VOC may be 2-heptanol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-heptanol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may include 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol). In some embodiments, the 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol) may be present in an amount of about 1.7E-05mg/L to about 0.07mg/L (e.g., about 1.7E-05 to about 5.0E-05mg/L, about 5.0E-05 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, or about 0.05 to about 0.07 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.0E-07% to about 0.22% (e.g., about 2.0E-07% to about 5.0E-07%, about 5.0E-07% to about 1.0E-06%, about 1.0E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.22% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (methoxycresol). In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol (creosol).

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky mimetic may comprise 2-pentylfuran. In some embodiments, the 2-pentylfuran may be present in an amount of about 0.005mg/L to about 0.27mg/L (e.g., about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.25mg/L, or about 0.25 to about 0.27 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 6.0E-05% to about 0.82% (e.g., about 6.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, or about 0.5% to about 0.82% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be 2-pentylfuran. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-pentylfuran.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise carvacrol. In some embodiments, the carvacrol may be present in an amount of about 0.00004mg/L to about 0.0062mg/L (e.g., about 0.00004 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, or about 0.005 to about 0.0062 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 4.9E-07% to about 0.02% (e.g., about 4.9-E07% to about 1.0E-06%, about 1.0E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.02% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be carvacrol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include carvacrol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise cis-5-octen-1-ol. In some embodiments, the cis-5-octen-1-ol may be present in an amount of about 1.05mg/L to about 1.96mg/L (e.g., 1.05 to about 1.25mg/L, about 1.25 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 1.75mg/L, or about 1.75 to about 1.96 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.012% to about 5.8% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 0.012% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5 to about 1%, about 1% to about 3%, or about 3% to about 5.8% by mass) can be cis-5-octen-1-ol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise cis-5-octen-1-ol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise citral. In some embodiments, the citral can be present in an amount of about 0.013mg/L to about 0.073mg/L (e.g., about 0.013 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.05mg/L, 0.05 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.07mg/L, or about 0.07 to about 0.073 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00015% to about 0.23% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 0.00015% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.23% by mass) may be citral. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include citral.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may include cuminaldehyde. In some embodiments, the cuminaldehyde can be present in an amount of about 0.00013mg/L to about 0.0046mg/L (e.g., about 0.00013 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.00075mg/L, about 0.0075 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.0025mg/L, or about 0.0025 to about 0.0046 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.58E-06% to about 0.014% (e.g., about 1.58E-06% to about 5.0E-05%, about 5.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.014% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be cuminaldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include cuminaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise D-camphor. In some embodiments, the D-camphor may be present in an amount of about 0.000028mg/L to about 0.0062mg/L (e.g., about 0.000028 to about 0.00005mg/L, about 0.00005 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.003mg/L, or about 0.003 to about 0.0062 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 3.38E-07% to about 0.019% (e.g., about 3.38E-07% to about 1.0E-06%, about 1.0E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01 to about 0.019% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be D-camphor. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include D-camphor.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise decanal. In some embodiments, the decanal can be present in an amount of about 0.0021mg/L to about 0.032mg/L (e.g., about 0.0021 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, or about 0.02 to about 0.032 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.52E-05% to about 0.098% (e.g., about 2.52E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% to about 0.098% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be decanal. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include decanal.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whiskey imitation may comprise gamma-dodecalactone. In some embodiments, the gamma dodecalactone can be present in an amount of about 0.7mg/L to about 9.2mg/L (e.g., about 0.7 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2m g/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 6mg/L, about 6 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 9mg/L, or about 9 to about 9.2 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0083% to about 23% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 0.0083% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, or about 20% to about 23% by mass) may be γ -dodecalactone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include γ -dodecalactone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whiskey imitation may comprise γ -heptalactone. In some embodiments, the γ -heptolactone may be present in an amount of from about 0.00025mg/L to about 0.026mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00025 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, or from about 0.02 to about 0.026 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 3.0E-06% to about 0.082% (e.g., about 3.0E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% to about 0.082% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be γ -heptalactone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include γ -heptalactone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whiskey imitation may comprise gamma octalactone. In some embodiments, the gamma-octalactone can be present in an amount of about 0.00045mg/L to about 0.081mg/L (e.g., about 0.00045 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, or about 0.05 to about 0.081 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 5.4E-06% to about 0.25% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 5.4E-06% to about 5.0E-05%, about 5.0E-05% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.25% by mass) may be γ -octalactone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include γ -octalactone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise gamma undecalactone. In some embodiments, the gamma undecalactone can be present in an amount of about 0.00012mg/L to about 1.58mg/L (e.g., about 0.00012 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, or about 1.0 to about 1.58 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.5E-06% to about 4.7% (e.g., about 1.5E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2.5%, or about 2.5% to about 4.7% by mass of the additional VOC) by mass of the additional VOC may be γ -undecalactone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include gamma undecalactone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky mimetic may comprise hexyl acetate. In some embodiments, the hexyl acetate may be present in an amount of about 0.0037mg/L to about 0.19mg/L (e.g., about 0.0037 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.15mg/L, or about 0.015 to about 0.019 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 4.4E-05% to about 0.59% (e.g., about 4.4E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.59% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be hexyl acetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include hexyl acetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise indole. In some embodiments, the indole can be present in an amount of about 5.47E-05mg/L to about 0.00039mg/L (e.g., about 5.47E-05 to about 8.0E-05mg/L, about 8.0E-05 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0002mg/L, about 0.0002 to about 0.0003mg/L, or about 0.0003 to about 0.00039 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 6.5E-07% to about 0.0012% (e.g., about 6.5E-07% to about 5.0E-06%, about 5.0E-06% to about 5.0E-05%, about 5.0E-05% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, or about 0.001% to about 0.0012% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be indole. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include indole.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whiskey imitation may comprise methyl-2-pyrrolidone. In some embodiments, the methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone may be present in an amount of about 0.0019mg/L to about 0.045mg/L (e.g., about 0.0019 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, or about 0.03 to about 0.045 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.3-E05% to about 0.14% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 2.3E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.14% by mass) may be methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise methyl cinnamate. In some embodiments, the methyl cinnamate can be present in an amount of about 0.000039mg/L to about 0.00053mg/L (e.g., about 0.000039 to about 0.000075mg/L, about 0.000075 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0003mg/L, or about 0.0003 to about 0.00053 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 4.7E-07% to about 0.0016% (e.g., about 4.7E-07% to about 1.0E-06%, about 1.0E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, or about 0.001% to about 0.0016% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be methyl cinnamate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include methyl cinnamate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky mimetic may comprise methyl β -naphthyl ketone. In some embodiments, the methyl β -naphthyl ketone can be present in an amount of about 0mg/L to about 0.014mg/L (e.g., about 0 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or about 0.01 to about 0.014 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0% to about 0.043% by mass (e.g., about 0% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.043% by mass) of the additional VOC may be methyl β -naphthalenyl ketone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include methyl β -naphthyl ketone.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise nerol. In some embodiments, the nerol can be present in an amount of about 0.00081mg/L to about 0.017mg/L (e.g., about 0.00081 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or about 0.01 to about 0.017 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 9.7E-06% to about 0.051% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 9.7E-06% to about 5.0E-05%, about 5.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001 to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.051% by mass) may be nerol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include nerol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise phenylacetaldehyde. In some embodiments, the phenylacetaldehyde may be present in an amount of about 0.0011mg/L to about 0.55mg/L (e.g., about 0.0011 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.3mg/L, or about 0.3 to about 0.55 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.3E-05% to about 1.7% (e.g., about 1.3E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 1.5%, or about 1.5% to about 1.7% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be phenylacetaldehyde. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include phenylacetaldehyde.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise thymol. In some embodiments, the daphnoresinol may be present in an amount from about 8.9E-05mg/L to about 0.0046mg/L (e.g., from about 8.9E-05 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.0025mg/L, or from about 0.0025 to about 0.0046 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.0E-06% to about 0.014% (e.g., about 1.0E-06% to about 1.0E-06%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.014% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be resmethrin. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include resmethrin.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise p, a-dimethyl styrene. In some embodiments, the p, a-dimethylstyrene can be present in an amount of about 5.4E-05mg/L to about 0.00095mg/L (e.g., about 5.4E-05 to about 7.5E-05mg/L, about 7.5E-05 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, or about 0.0005 to about 0.00095 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 6.5E-07% to about 0.003% (e.g., about 6.5E-07% to about 5.0E-06%, about 5.0E-06% to about 5.0E-05%, about 5.0E-05% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, or about 0.001 to about 0.003% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be p, a-dimethylstyrene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise p, a-dimethyl styrene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise phenylethyl tiglate. In some embodiments, the phenylethyl tiglate may be present in an amount from about 0.001mg/L to about 0.006mg/L (e.g., from about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, from about 0.002 to about 0.003mg/L, from about 0.003 to about 0.004mg/L, from about 0.004 to about 0.005mg/L, or from about 0.005 to about 0.006 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.2E-05% to about 0.019% by mass (e.g., about 1.2E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.019% by mass) of the additional VOC may be phenylethyl tiglate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include phenylethyl tiglate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise mausolactone. In some embodiments, the maosolides may be present in an amount from about 4.1E-06mg/L to about 0.0061mg/L (e.g., from about 4.1E-06 to about 1.0E-05mg/L, from about 1.0E-05 to about 0.0001mg/L, from about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, or from about 0.005 to about 0.0061 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 4.9E-08% to about 0.019% (e.g., about 4.9E-08% to about 5.0E-07%, about 5.0E-07% to about 5.0E-06%, about 5.0E-06% to about 5.0E-05%, about 5.0E-05% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.005%, about 0.005 to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.019% by mass of the additional VOC) by mass of the additional VOC may be masoitrin. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include maxonolide.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal. In some embodiments, the 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal may be present in an amount of about 0.00015mg/L to about 0.008mg/L (e.g., about 0.00015 to 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.004mg/L, or about 0.004 to about 0.008 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.8E-06% to about 0.025% by mass (e.g., about 1.8E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, or about 0.001% to about 0.025% by mass) of the additional VOC can be 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 5-methyl-2-phenyl-2-hexenal.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may include octanal. In some embodiments, the octanal can be present in an amount from about 0.00015mg/L to about 0.015mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00015 to about 0.00065mg/L, from about 0.00065 to about 0.0015mg/L, from about 0.0015 to about 0.0065mg/L, or from about 0.0065 to about 0.015 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.8E-06% to about 0.046% (e.g., about 1.8E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.002% or about 0.002% to about 0.0046% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be octanal. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include octanal.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may include 2,4, 6-trimethylphenol (trimethylphenol). In some embodiments, the 2,4, 6-trimethylphenol (trimethylphenol) may be present in an amount of about 0.0001mg/L to about 0.094mg/L (e.g., about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, or about 0.05 to about 0.094 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.3E-06% to about 0.29% (e.g., about 1.3E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.29% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be 2,4, 6-trimethylphenol (trimethylphenol). In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2,4, 6-trimethylphenol (trimethylphenol).

The one or more additional VOCs in the whiskey imitation may comprise omega-pentadecanolide. In some embodiments, the omega-pentadecanolide may be present in an amount of from about 0.029mg/L to about 2.2mg/L (e.g., from about 0.029 to about 0.05mg/L, from about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, from about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, from about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, from about 1 to about 1.5mg/L, or from about 1.5 to about 2.2 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.00035% to about 6.3% (e.g., about 0.00035% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 1%, about 1% to about 3%, about 3% to about 5%, or about 5% to about 6.3% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be omega-pentadecanolide. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include omega-pentadecanolide.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise isoamyl cinnamate. In some embodiments, the isoamyl cinnamate can be present in an amount of about 0.0003mg/L to about 0.003mg/L (e.g., about 0.0003 to about 0.0006mg/L, about 0.0006 to about 0.0009mg/L, about 0.0008 to about 0.0012mg/L, or about 0.001 to about 0.003 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 3.8E-06% to about 0.0092% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 3.8E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, or about 0.001% to about 0.0092% by mass) may be isoamyl cinnamate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isoamyl cinnamate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise benzyl benzoate. In some embodiments, the benzyl benzoate may be present in an amount of about 0.0002mg/L to about 0.0025mg/L (e.g., about 0.0002 to about 0.0006mg/L, about 0.0006 to about 0.0008mg/L, about 0.0008 to about 0.001mg/L, or about 0.001 to about 0.0025 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.5E-06% to about 0.0076% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 2.5E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, or about 0.005% to about 0.0076% by mass) may be benzyl benzoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include benzyl benzoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may include 1-p-menthene-8-thiol. In some embodiments, the 1-p-menthene-8-thiol can be present in an amount from about 2.3E-06mg/L to about 0.00013mg/L (e.g., from about 2.3E-06 to about 5.0E-06mg/L, from about 5.0E-06 to about 1.0E-05mg/L, from about 1.0E-05 to about 5.0E-05mg/L, from about 5.0E-05 to about 0.0001mg/L, or from about 0.0001 to about 0.00013 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.8E-08% to about 0.00038% (e.g., 2.8E-08% to about 1.0E-07%, about 1.0E-07% to about 1.0E-06%, about 1.0E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, or about 0.0001% to about 0.00038% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be 1-p-menthene-8-thiol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 1-p-menthene-8-thiol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whiskey imitation may comprise isoeugenol. In some embodiments, the isoeugenol can be present in an amount of about 0.004mg/L to about 0.4mg/L (e.g., about 0.004 to about 0.008mg/L, about 0.008 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, or about 0.2 to about 0.4 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 5.0E-05% to about 1.2% (e.g., about 5.0E-05% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.05%, about 0.05% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, or about 1% to about 1.2% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be isoeugenol. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isoeugenol.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky mimetic may comprise 2-methoxy-3- (1-methylpropyl) pyrazine. In some embodiments, the 2-methoxy-3- (1-methylpropyl) pyrazine may be present in an amount of about 0.0005mg/L to about 0.001mg/L (e.g., about 0.0005 to about 0.0007mg/L, about 0.0007 to about 0.0009mg/L, or about 0.0009 to about 0.001 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 6.3E-06% to about 0.003% (e.g., about 6.3E-06% to about 5.0E-05%, about 5.0E-05% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.001%, or about 0.001% to about 0.003% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be 2-methoxy-3- (1-methylpropyl) pyrazine. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 2-methoxy-3- (1-methylpropyl) pyrazine.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate. In some embodiments, the phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate can be present in an amount of about 0.0002mg/L to about 0.002mg/L (e.g., about 0.0002 to about 0.0004mg/L, about 0.0004 to about 0.0006mg/L, about 0.0006 to about 0.0008mg/L, about 0.0008 to about 0.001mg/L, or about 0.001 to about 0.002 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.9E-06% to about 0.0068% (e.g., about 2.9E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.004%, or about 0.004% to about 0.0068% by mass of the additional VOC) can be phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include phenethyl 2-methylbutyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise methyl benzoate. In some embodiments, the methyl benzoate may be present in an amount of from about 0.0001mg/L to about 0.02mg/L (e.g., from about 0.0001 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or from about 0.01 to about 0.02 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.6E-06% to about 0.06% (e.g., about 1.6E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.03%, or about 0.03% to about 0.06% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be methyl benzoate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include methyl benzoate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky mimetic may comprise 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. In some embodiments, the 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one can be present in an amount of about 0.002mg/L to about 0.032mg/L (e.g., about 0.002 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, or about 0.02 to about 0.032 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.4E-05% to about 0.1% (e.g., about 2.4E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.05%, or about 0.05% to about 0.1% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise propyl butyrate. In some embodiments, the propyl butyrate may be present in an amount of about 0.1mg/L to about 0.2mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.12mg/L, about 0.12 to about 0.14mg/L, about 0.14 to about 0.16mg/L, about 0.16 to about 0.18mg/L, or about 0.8 to about 0.2 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0.0014% to about 0.67% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 0.0014% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.3%, or about 0.3% to about 0.67% by mass) may be propyl butyrate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include propyl butyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise propyl isovalerate. In some embodiments, the propyl isovalerate may be present in an amount from about 0.0006mg/L to about 0.003mg/L (e.g., from about 0.0006 to about 0.0008mg/L, from about 0.0008 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, or from about 0.002 to about 0.003 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 7.4E-06% to about 0.0084% (e.g., about 7.4E-06% to about 5.0E-05%, about 5.0E-05% to about 0.0005%, about 0.0005% to about 0.005%, or about 0.005% to about 0.0084% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be propyl isovalerate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include propyl isovalerate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whiskey imitation may comprise hexyl isobutyrate. In some embodiments, the hexyl isobutyrate can be present in an amount from about 0mg/L to about 0.036mg/L (e.g., from about 0 to about 0.0001mg/L, from about 0.0001 to about 0.0005mg/L, from about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, from about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, or from about 0.02 to about 0.036 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 0% to about 0.11% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 0% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.11% by mass) may be hexyl isobutyrate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include hexyl isobutyrate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise valencene. In some embodiments, the valencene can be present in an amount of about 1.8E-05mg/L to about 0.01mg/L (e.g., about 1.8E-05 to about 0.0001mg/L, about 0.0001 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, or about 0.005 to about 0.01 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.2E-07% to about 0.03% (e.g., about 2.2E-07% to about 1.0E-06%, about 1.0E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.03% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be valencene. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include valencene.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise isoamyl phenylacetate. In some embodiments, the isoamyl phenylacetate can be present in an amount from about 0.00018mg/L to about 0.015mg/L (e.g., from about 0.00018 to about 0.001mg/L, from about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, from about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or from about 0.01 to about 0.015 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 2.2E-06% to about 0.045% (e.g., about 2.2E-06% to about 1.0E-05%, about 1.0E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.45% by mass) by mass of the additional VOC may be isoamyl phenylacetate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include isoamyl phenylacetate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise benzyl propionate. In some embodiments, the benzyl propionate may be present in an amount of about 0.003mg/L to about 0.01mg/L (e.g., about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.007mg/L, about 0.007 to about 0.008mg/L, about 0.008 to about 0.009mg/L, or about 0.009 to about 0.01 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 3.7E-05% to about 0.03% by mass (e.g., about 3.7E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.005%, about 0.005% to about 0.01%, or about 0.01% to about 0.03% by mass) of the additional VOC may be benzyl propionate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include benzyl propionate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise isobutyl propionate. In some embodiments, the isobutyl propionate may be present in an amount of about 0.005mg/L to about 0.14mg/L (e.g., about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.7mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.1m/L, about 0.1 to about 0.12mg/L, or about 0.12 to about 0.14 mg/L). In some embodiments, from about 5.8E-05% to about 0.43% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., from about 5.8E-05% to about 0.0001%, from about 0.0001 to about 0.001%, from about 0.001% to about 0.01%, from about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or from about 0.1% to about 0.43% by mass) can be isobutyl propionate. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not comprise isobutyl propionate.

The one or more additional VOCs in the whisky imitation may comprise delta-dodecalactone. In some embodiments, the delta-dodecalactone can be present in an amount of about 0.0016mg/L to about 0.065mg/L (e.g., about 0.0016 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, or about 0.05 to about 0.65 mg/L). In some embodiments, about 1.9E-05% to about 0.2% by mass of the additional VOC (e.g., about 1.9E-05% to about 0.0001%, about 0.0001% to about 0.001%, about 0.001% to about 0.01%, about 0.01% to about 0.1%, or about 0.1% to about 0.2% by mass) can be δ -dodecalactone. In some embodiments, the one or more additional VOCs may not include delta-dodecalactone.

Exemplary combinations of VOCs are shown in tables 12A-12C. Each combination of the eight columns in tables 12A and 12B is specifically contemplated. Each combination of eight columns in 12A, 12B and 12C is specifically contemplated. Specifically, 12A1-12B1-12C1, 12A2-12B2-12C2, 12A3-12B3-12C3, 12A4-12B4-12C4, 12A5-12B5-12C5, 12A6-12B6-12C6, 12A7-12B7-12C7 and 12A8-12B8-12C8 are covered.

Table 12a. exemplary VOC combinations, part a.

Table 12B. exemplary VOC combinations, part B.

Table 12℃ exemplary VOC combinations, part C.

In some cases, the total amount of additional (non-ethanol) VOCs in the whisky replica may be less than the total amount of additional VOCs in the reference whisky. For example, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content of 1200mg/L or less (e.g., 1150, 1100, 1050, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, or 65mg/L or less). In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content from the additional VOCs in group P of 1200mg/L or less (e.g., 1150, 1100, 1050, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, or 65mg/L or less). In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content from the additional VOCs in group Q of 1200mg/L or less (e.g., 1150, 1100, 1050, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, or 65mg/L or less). In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content from the additional VOCs in group R of 1200mg/L or less (e.g., 1150, 1100, 1050, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, or 65mg/L or less). In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content from the additional VOCs in group S of 1200mg/L or less (e.g., 1150, 1100, 1050, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, or 65mg/L or less). In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content from the additional VOCs in group T of 1200mg/L or less (e.g., 1150, 1100, 1050, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, or 65mg/L or less). In some embodiments, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content from the additional VOCs in group U1 of 1250mg/L or less (e.g., 1200, 1150, 1100, 1050, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, or 100mg/L or less). In some embodiments, the scotch whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content of 1250mg/L or less (e.g., 1200, 1150, 1100, 1050, 1000, 950, 900, 850, 800, 750, 700, 650, 600, 550, 500, 450, 400, 350, 300, 250, 200, 150, or 100mg/L or less) from the additional VOCs in group U2.

In some embodiments, the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage may have from about 50 to about 1200mg/L (e.g., from about 50 to about 75mg/L, from about 50 to about 85mg/L, from about 50 to about 95mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, from about 50 to about 200mg/L, from about 50 to about 300mg/L, from about 50 to about 400mg/L, from about 50 to about 500mg/L, from about 50 to about 600mg/L, from about 50 to about 700mg/L, from about 50 to about 800mg/L, from about 50 to about 900mg/L, from about 50 to about 1000mg/L, from about 50 to about 1100mg/L, from about 100 to about 1200mg/L, from about 200 to about 1200mg/L, from about 300 to about 1200mg/L, from about 400 to about 1200mg/L, from about 500 to about 1200mg/L, from about 600 to about 1200mg/L, from about 700 to about 1200mg/L, About 800 to about 1200mg/L, about 900 to about 1200mg/L, about 1000 to about 1200mg/L, about 1100 to about 1200mg/L, about 100 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 600mg/L, about 600 to about 700mg/L, about 700 to about 800mg/L, about 800 to about 900mg/L, about 900 to about 1000mg/L, or about 1000 to about 1100 mg/L).

In some embodiments, the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage may have from about 50 to about 1200mg/L (e.g., from about 50 to about 75mg/L, from about 50 to about 85mg/L, from about 50 to about 95mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, from about 50 to about 200mg/L, from about 50 to about 300mg/L, from about 50 to about 400mg/L, from about 50 to about 500mg/L, from about 50 to about 600mg/L, from about 50 to about 700mg/L, from about 50 to about 800mg/L, from about 50 to about 900mg/L, from about 50 to about 1000mg/L, from about 50 to about 1100mg/L, from about 100 to about 1200mg/L, from about 200 to about 1200mg/L, from about 300 to about 1200mg/L, from about 400 to about 1200mg/L, from about 500 to about 1200mg/L, from about 600 to about 1200mg/L, from about 700 to about 1200mg/L, About 800 to about 1200mg/L, about 900 to about 1200mg/L, about 1000 to about 1200mg/L, about 1100 to about 1200mg/L, about 100 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 600mg/L, about 600 to about 700mg/L, about 700 to about 800mg/L, about 800 to about 900mg/L, about 900 to about 1000mg/L, or about 1000 to about 1100mg/L) of VOC in the total additional VOC content from the group P.

In some embodiments, the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage may have from about 50 to about 1200mg/L (e.g., from about 50 to about 75mg/L, from about 50 to about 85mg/L, from about 50 to about 95mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, from about 50 to about 200mg/L, from about 50 to about 300mg/L, from about 50 to about 400mg/L, from about 50 to about 500mg/L, from about 50 to about 600mg/L, from about 50 to about 700mg/L, from about 50 to about 800mg/L, from about 50 to about 900mg/L, from about 50 to about 1000mg/L, from about 50 to about 1100mg/L, from about 100 to about 1200mg/L, from about 200 to about 1200mg/L, from about 300 to about 1200mg/L, from about 400 to about 1200mg/L, from about 500 to about 1200mg/L, from about 600 to about 1200mg/L, from about 700 to about 1200mg/L, About 800 to about 1200mg/L, about 900 to about 1200mg/L, about 1000 to about 1200mg/L, about 1100 to about 1200mg/L, about 100 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 600mg/L, about 600 to about 700mg/L, about 700 to about 800mg/L, about 800 to about 900mg/L, about 900 to about 1000mg/L, or about 1000 to about 1100mg/L) of VOC in the total additional VOC content from group Q.

In some embodiments, the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage may have from about 50 to about 1200mg/L (e.g., from about 50 to about 75mg/L, from about 50 to about 85mg/L, from about 50 to about 95mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, from about 50 to about 200mg/L, from about 50 to about 300mg/L, from about 50 to about 400mg/L, from about 50 to about 500mg/L, from about 50 to about 600mg/L, from about 50 to about 700mg/L, from about 50 to about 800mg/L, from about 50 to about 900mg/L, from about 50 to about 1000mg/L, from about 50 to about 1100mg/L, from about 100 to about 1200mg/L, from about 200 to about 1200mg/L, from about 300 to about 1200mg/L, from about 400 to about 1200mg/L, from about 500 to about 1200mg/L, from about 600 to about 1200mg/L, from about 700 to about 1200mg/L, About 800 to about 1200mg/L, about 900 to about 1200mg/L, about 1000 to about 1200mg/L, about 1100 to about 1200mg/L, about 100 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 600mg/L, about 600 to about 700mg/L, about 700 to about 800mg/L, about 800 to about 900mg/L, about 900 to about 1000mg/L, or about 1000 to about 1100mg/L) of VOC in the R group.

In some embodiments, the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage may have from about 50 to about 1200mg/L (e.g., from about 50 to about 75mg/L, from about 50 to about 85mg/L, from about 50 to about 95mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, from about 50 to about 200mg/L, from about 50 to about 300mg/L, from about 50 to about 400mg/L, from about 50 to about 500mg/L, from about 50 to about 600mg/L, from about 50 to about 700mg/L, from about 50 to about 800mg/L, from about 50 to about 900mg/L, from about 50 to about 1000mg/L, from about 50 to about 1100mg/L, from about 100 to about 1200mg/L, from about 200 to about 1200mg/L, from about 300 to about 1200mg/L, from about 400 to about 1200mg/L, from about 500 to about 1200mg/L, from about 600 to about 1200mg/L, from about 700 to about 1200mg/L, About 800 to about 1200mg/L, about 900 to about 1200mg/L, about 1000 to about 1200mg/L, about 1100 to about 1200mg/L, about 100 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 600mg/L, about 600 to about 700mg/L, about 700 to about 800mg/L, about 800 to about 900mg/L, about 900 to about 1000mg/L, or about 1000 to about 1100mg/L) of VOC from the S group.

In some embodiments, the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage may have from about 50 to about 1200mg/L (e.g., from about 50 to about 75mg/L, from about 50 to about 85mg/L, from about 50 to about 95mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, from about 50 to about 200mg/L, from about 50 to about 300mg/L, from about 50 to about 400mg/L, from about 50 to about 500mg/L, from about 50 to about 600mg/L, from about 50 to about 700mg/L, from about 50 to about 800mg/L, from about 50 to about 900mg/L, from about 50 to about 1000mg/L, from about 50 to about 1100mg/L, from about 100 to about 1200mg/L, from about 200 to about 1200mg/L, from about 300 to about 1200mg/L, from about 400 to about 1200mg/L, from about 500 to about 1200mg/L, from about 600 to about 1200mg/L, from about 700 to about 1200mg/L, About 800 to about 1200mg/L, about 900 to about 1200mg/L, about 1000 to about 1200mg/L, about 1100 to about 1200mg/L, about 100 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 600mg/L, about 600 to about 700mg/L, about 700 to about 800mg/L, about 800 to about 900mg/L, about 900 to about 1000mg/L, or about 1000 to about 1100mg/L) of VOC in the T group.

In some embodiments, the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage may have from about 50 to about 1200mg/L (e.g., from about 50 to about 75mg/L, from about 50 to about 85mg/L, from about 50 to about 95mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, from about 50 to about 200mg/L, from about 50 to about 300mg/L, from about 50 to about 400mg/L, from about 50 to about 500mg/L, from about 50 to about 600mg/L, from about 50 to about 700mg/L, from about 50 to about 800mg/L, from about 50 to about 900mg/L, from about 50 to about 1000mg/L, from about 50 to about 1100mg/L, from about 100 to about 1200mg/L, from about 200 to about 1200mg/L, from about 300 to about 1200mg/L, from about 400 to about 1200mg/L, from about 500 to about 1200mg/L, from about 600 to about 1200mg/L, from about 700 to about 1200mg/L, About 800 to about 1200mg/L, about 900 to about 1200mg/L, about 1000 to about 1200mg/L, about 1100 to about 1200mg/L, about 100 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 600mg/L, about 600 to about 700mg/L, about 700 to about 800mg/L, about 800 to about 900mg/L, about 900 to about 1000mg/L or about 1000 to about 1100mg/L) of VOC from the group U1.

In some embodiments, the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage may have from about 50 to about 1200mg/L (e.g., from about 50 to about 75mg/L, from about 50 to about 85mg/L, from about 50 to about 95mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, from about 50 to about 200mg/L, from about 50 to about 300mg/L, from about 50 to about 400mg/L, from about 50 to about 500mg/L, from about 50 to about 600mg/L, from about 50 to about 700mg/L, from about 50 to about 800mg/L, from about 50 to about 900mg/L, from about 50 to about 1000mg/L, from about 50 to about 1100mg/L, from about 100 to about 1200mg/L, from about 200 to about 1200mg/L, from about 300 to about 1200mg/L, from about 400 to about 1200mg/L, from about 500 to about 1200mg/L, from about 600 to about 1200mg/L, from about 700 to about 1200mg/L, About 800 to about 1200mg/L, about 900 to about 1200mg/L, about 1000 to about 1200mg/L, about 1100 to about 1200mg/L, about 100 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 300mg/L, 300 to about 400mg/L, about 400 to about 500mg/L, about 500 to about 600mg/L, about 600 to about 700mg/L, about 700 to about 800mg/L, about 800 to about 900mg/L, about 900 to about 1000mg/L or about 1000 to about 1100mg/L) of VOC from the group U2.

In some cases, the total amount of additional (non-ethanol) VOCs in the whisky replica may be greater than the total amount of additional VOCs in the reference whisky. For example, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content of 7500mg/L or more (e.g., 8000, 8500, or 9000mg/L or more).

In some cases, the total amount of additional (non-ethanol) VOCs in the whisky replica may be less than the total amount of additional VOCs in the reference whisky. For example, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may have a total additional VOC content of 1200mg/L or less (e.g., 1000, 900, 800, 700, 600, 500, 400, 300, 200, 100, 90, 80, 70mg/L or less). In some embodiments, the total amount of additional VOCs in the whiskey simulation may be from about 50 to about 200mg/L (e.g., from about 50 to about 150mg/L, from about 50 to about 100mg/L, from about 50 to about 90mg/L, from about 50 to about 80mg/L, from about 50 to about 70mg/L, from about 60 to about 90mg/L, from about 60 to about 80mg/L, from about 70 to about 100mg/L, from about 70 to about 90 mg/L. in some embodiments, the total amount of additional VOCs in the whiskey simulation may be from about 60 to about 90 mg/L. in some embodiments, the total amount of additional VOCs in the whiskey simulation may be from about 70 to about 80 mg/L.

Non-volatile compounds present in whisky mimetics can include compounds belonging to any of several classes, including amino acids and amino acid derivatives, acids (e.g., organic acids), sugars and sugar alcohols, and nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotide monophosphates. In some cases, whisky imitations may include non-volatile compounds belonging to the classes of lipids and lipid components, tannin components, vitamins, amines and amine derivatives, polyphenols, emulsifiers, and other compounds.

It should be noted that some of the compounds listed in the following paragraphs (e.g., vanillin, syringaldehyde, acetovanillone, pyridine, 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine, methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone, 2,3, 5-trimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5, 6-tetramethylpyrazine and piperine) have volatile properties. However, they are classified herein as non-volatile compounds because they are detected and quantified by LC-MS rather than GC-MS.

In some embodiments, amino acids or derivatives thereof that may be present in a whiskey mimetic as provided herein include, but are not limited to, leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine, serine, aspartic acid, glucosamine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, carnitine, tryptophan, proline, valine, b-alanine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, cysteine, arginine, ornithine, trans 4-hydroxy-L-proline, citrulline, tyramine, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, amino acids or derivatives thereof that may be present in a whiskey mimetic as provided herein include, but are not limited to, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, β -alanine, betaine, carnitine, carnosine, citrulline, cysteine, cystine, GABA, glucosamine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, histidine, homoserine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, ornithine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, tryptamine, tryptophane tyramine, tyrosine, valine, and any combination thereof.

In some embodiments, examples of acids that may be included in the whiskey mimetic include, but are not limited to, quinic acid, pantothenic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, coumaric acid, kynurenic acid, sorbic acid, D-glucuronic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, pyruvic acid, gallic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2-furoic acid, 2-isopropylmalic acid, trans-ferulic acid, camphoric acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, acetovanillone, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, examples of acids that may be included in the whiskey imitations include, but are not limited to, 2-furoic acid, 2-isopropylmalic acid, 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adipic acid, camphoric acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, D-glucuronic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, pipecolic acid, pyruvic acid, sorbic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, and any combination thereof. In some embodiments, examples of phenols that may be included in the whiskey mimetic include, but are not limited to, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, acetyl vanillone, caffeic acid, catechin, coumaric acid, ellagic acid (EGallic acid), epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, gallic acid, hesperetin, kynurenic acid, methyl gallate, pantothenic acid, polydatin (polydatin), propyl gallate, quercetin, quinic acid, resveratrol, rutin, salicylic acid, sinapinic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, and any combination thereof.

Sugars and sugar alcohols that may be used in whisky mimetics include, but are not limited to, xylose, fucose, sorbitol, mannose, galactose, glycerol, inositol (e.g., myoinositol), ribose, arabitol, fructose, rhamnose, mannitol, glucose, and any combination thereof.

Examples of vitamins that may be included in a whiskey mimetic include, but are not limited to, pyridoxine.

Examples of lipids and lipid components that may be included in whiskey mimetics include, but are not limited to, choline.

Examples of polyphenols that may be included in whiskey imitations include, but are not limited to, polydatin and epicatechin gallate.

Examples of nucleobases that can be included in whiskey mimetics include, but are not limited to, adenine, cytidine, uracil, and guanine.

Examples of nucleosides that can be included in whiskey imitations include, but are not limited to, cytosine.

Examples of nucleoside monophosphates that may be included in whisky mimetics include, but are not limited to, guanosine monophosphate, inosine monophosphate, Adenosine Monophosphate (AMP), and Cytosine Monophosphate (CMP).

A non-limiting example of a pH adjusting salt that may be included in a whiskey mimetic is potassium hydroxide.

A non-limiting example of an emulsifier that can be used in whiskey imitations is gum arabic.

Whisky imitations may include a tannin component, such as oak extract, oak tannin, or a combination thereof.

Other non-volatile compounds that may be included in whiskey imitations include, but are not limited to, pyridine, 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine, methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 2,3, 5-trimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5, 6-tetramethylpyrazine, and piperine.

The non-volatile compounds in the whiskey replicas provided herein may include, for example, one or more of the following: d-glucuronic acid, fructose, gallic acid, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, mannitol, inositol (also referred to herein as myo-inositol), succinic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, tartaric acid, vanillic acid, vanillin, mannose, ribose, sorbitol, trans-ferulic acid, acetyl vanillone, choline, fumaric acid, GABA, proline, glucosamine, tyrosine, and valine.

In some embodiments, the non-volatile compounds may be placed in various groups, and may be included in whiskey imitations according to their groupings. In certain instances, for example, a "group K" compound can include D-glucuronic acid, fructose, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid, and a "group L" compound can include 2-furoic acid, acetovanillone, choline, cinnamic acid, citric acid, fucose, fumaric acid, GABA, galactose, gallic acid, glucosamine, glycerol, acacia gum, inositol, mannitol, mannose, proline, ribose, sorbitol, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, vanillin, and xylose.

In some cases, a "group V" compound can include 2-furoic acid, acetovanillone, choline, cinnamic acid, citric acid, D-glucuronic acid, fructose, fucose, fumaric acid, GABA, galactose, gallic acid, glucosamine, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, mannitol, mannose, inositol, proline, ribose, sorbitol, succinic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, tartaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, vanillin, and xylose.

In some cases, a "group W" compound can include 2,3,5, 6-tetramethylpyrazine, 2,3, 5-trimethylpyrazine, 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine, 2-furoic acid, 2-isopropylmalic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-guanidinobutyric acid, acetovanillone, adenine, AMP, arabitol, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, beta-alanine, betaine, caffeic acid, camphoric acid, carnitine, choline, cinnamic acid, citric acid, citrulline, CMP, coumaric acid, cytidine, cytosine, D-glucuronic acid, ellagic acid, fructose, fucose, fumaric acid, GABA, galactose, gallic acid, glucosamine, glucose, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, guanine, histidine, homoserine, isoleucine, gallic acid, glucosamine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, guanine, histidine, homoserine, and mixtures thereof, Kynurenic acid, lactic acid, leucine, lysine, malic acid, mannitol, mannose, methionine, methyl gallate, methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone, (e.g. myoinositol), ornithine, phenylalanine, pipecolic acid, proline, propyl gallate, pyridine, pyridoxine, pyruvic acid, quinic acid, rhamnose, ribose, rutin, salicylic acid, serine, sorbic acid, sorbitol, succinic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, tartaric acid, threonine, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, trans-ferulic acid, tryptamine, tryptophan, tyramine, tyrosine, uracil, valine, vanillic acid, vanillin, and xylose.

In some cases, a "group X" compound can include 2,3,5, 6-tetramethylpyrazine, 2,3, 5-trimethylpyrazine, 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine, 2-furoic acid, 2-isopropylmalic acid, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, acetovanillone, adenine, arabitol, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, b-alanine, caffeic acid, camphoric acid, carnitine, choline, cinnamic acid, citric acid, citrulline, coumaric acid, cysteine, D-glucuronic acid, epicatechin gallate, fructose, fucose, fumaric acid, GABA, galactose, gallic acid, glucosamine, glucose, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycerol, guanine, histidine, isoleucine, kynurenic acid, lactic acid, leucine, lysine, arginine, fucose, and mixtures thereof, Malic acid, mannitol, methionine, methyl 2-pyrrolyl ketone, inositol, ornithine, pantothenic acid, phenylalanine, piperine, polydatin, proline, pyridine, pyridoxine, pyruvic acid, quinic acid, rhamnose, ribose, serine, sorbic acid, sorbitol, succinic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, tartaric acid, threonine, trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline, trans-ferulic acid, tryptamine, tryptophan, tyramine, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, vanillin, xylose, 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adipic acid, AMP, betaine, carnosine, catechin, CMP, cystine, cytidine, cytosine, ellagic acid, epicatechin, glycine, hesperetin, homoserine, methyl gallate, piperidinic acid, propyl gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, rutin, salicylic acid, rutin, and mixtures thereof, Sinapic acid and uracil.

A whiskey replica can include, for example, a combination of at least three (e.g., at least five, at least eight, or at least ten) compounds from group K with at least one (e.g., at least two, at least three, at least five, or at least ten) compounds from group L. For example, in some embodiments, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include all non-volatile compounds in group K and one non-volatile compound in group L. Thus, in some cases, a whiskey mimetic may include D-glucuronic acid, fructose, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and tartaric acid, plus acetovanillone, choline, fumaric acid, GABA, gallic acid, glucosamine, inositol, mannitol, mannose, proline, ribose, sorbitol, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, or vanillin.

In some cases, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include all non-volatile compounds from group K and two non-volatile compounds from group L. Thus, in some cases, whiskey mimetics can include D-glucuronic acid, fructose, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid, plus 2-furoic acid and acetovanillic acid, 2-furoic acid and choline, 2-furoic acid and cinnamic acid, 2-furoic acid and citric acid, 2-furoic acid and fucose, 2-furoic acid and fumaric acid, 2-furoic acid and GABA, 2-furoic acid and galactose, 2-furoic acid and gallic acid, 2-furoic acid and glucosamine, 2-furoic acid and glycerol, 2-furoic acid and acacia, 2-furoic acid and mannitol, 2-furoic acid and mannose, 2-furoic acid and inositol, 2-furoic acid and proline, 2-furoic acid and ribose, 2-furoic acid and sorbitol, 2-furoic acid and syringaldehyde, 2-furoic acid and syringic acid, 2-furoic acid and trans-ferulic acid, 2-furoic acid and tyrosine, 2-furoic acid and valine, 2-furoic acid and vanillic acid, 2-furoic acid and vanillin, 2-furoic acid and xylose, acetyl vanillic ketone and choline, acetyl vanillic ketone and cinnamic acid, acetyl vanillic ketone and citric acid, acetyl vanillic ketone and fucose, acetyl vanillic ketone and fumaric acid, acetyl vanillic ketone and GABA, acetyl vanillic ketone and galactose, acetyl vanillic ketone and gallic acid, acetyl vanillic ketone and glucosamine, acetyl vanillic ketone and glycerol, acetyl vanillic ketone and acacia, acetyl vanillic ketone and mannitol, acetyl vanillic ketone and mannose, acetyl vanillic ketone and proline, acetyl vanillic ketone and ribose, acetyl vanillic ketone and sorbitol, acetyl vanillic ketone and syringaldehyde, acetyl vanilloid and syringic acid, acetyl vanilloid and trans-ferulic acid, acetyl vanilloid and tyrosine, acetyl vanilloid and valine, acetyl vanilloid and vanillic acid, acetyl vanilloid and vanillin, acetyl vanilloid and xylose, choline and cinnamic acid, choline and citric acid, choline and fucose, choline and fumaric acid, choline and GABA, choline and galactose, choline and gallic acid, choline and glucosamine, choline and glycerol, choline and acacia, choline and mannitol, choline and mannose, choline and inositol, choline and proline, choline and ribose, choline and sorbitol, choline and syringaldehyde, choline and syringanic acid, choline and trans-ferulic acid, choline and tyrosine, choline and valine, choline and vanillic acid, choline and vanillin, choline and xylose, cinnamic acid and citric acid, cinnamic acid and glycofurol, choline and cinnamic acid, Cinnamic acid and fumaric acid, cinnamic acid and GABA, cinnamic acid and galactose, cinnamic acid and gallic acid, cinnamic acid and glucosamine, cinnamic acid and glycerol, cinnamic acid and acacia, cinnamic acid and mannitol, cinnamic acid and mannose, cinnamic acid and inositol, cinnamic acid and proline, cinnamic acid and ribose, cinnamic acid and sorbitol, cinnamic acid and syringaldehyde, cinnamic acid and syringic acid, cinnamic acid and trans-ferulic acid, cinnamic acid and tyrosine, cinnamic acid and valine, cinnamic acid and vanillic acid, cinnamic acid and vanillin, cinnamic acid and xylose, citric acid and fucose, citric acid and fumaric acid, citric acid and GABA, citric acid and galactose, citric acid and gallic acid, citric acid and glucosamine, citric acid and glycerol, citric acid and acacia, citric acid and mannitol, citric acid and mannose, citric acid and inositol, Citric acid and proline, citric acid and ribose, citric acid and sorbitol, citric acid and syringaldehyde, citric acid and syringanic acid, citric acid and trans-ferulic acid, citric acid and tyrosine, citric acid and valine, citric acid and vanillic acid, citric acid and vanillin, citric acid and xylose, fucose and fumaric acid, fucose and GABA, fucose and galactose, fucose and gallic acid, fucose and glucosamine, fucose and glycerol, fucose and acacia, fucose and mannitol, fucose and mannose, fucose and inositol, fucose and proline, fucose and ribose, fucose and sorbitol, fucose and syringaldehyde, fucose and syringanic acid, fucose and trans-ferulic acid, fucose and tyrosine, fucose and valine, fucose and vanillic acid, fucose and vanillin, fucose and xylose, and fucose and xylitol, and their derivatives, Fumaric acid and GABA, fumaric acid and galactose, fumaric acid and gallic acid, fumaric acid and glucosamine, fumaric acid and glycerol, fumaric acid and acacia, fumaric acid and mannitol, fumaric acid and mannose, fumaric acid and inositol, fumaric acid and proline, fumaric acid and ribose, fumaric acid and sorbitol, fumaric acid and syringaldehyde, fumaric acid and syringanic acid, fumaric acid and trans-ferulic acid, fumaric acid and tyrosine, fumaric acid and valine, fumaric acid and vanillic acid, fumaric acid and vanillin, fumaric acid and xylose, GABA and galactose, GABA and gallic acid, GABA and glucosamine, GABA and glycerol, GABA and acacia, GABA and mannitol, GABA and mannose, GABA and inositol, GABA and proline, GABA and ribose, GABA and sorbitol, GABA and syringaldehyde, GABA and syringic acid, GABA and trans-ferulic acid, GABA and tyrosine, GABA and valine, GABA and vanillic acid, GABA and vanillin, GABA and xylose, galactose and gallic acid, galactose and glucosamine, galactose and glycerol, galactose and acacia, galactose and mannitol, galactose and mannose, galactose and inositol, galactose and proline, galactose and ribose, galactose and sorbitol, galactose and syringaldehyde, galactose and syringanic acid, galactose and trans-ferulic acid, galactose and tyrosine, galactose and valine, galactose and vanillic acid, galactose and vanillin, galactose and xylose, gallic acid and glucosamine, gallic acid and glycerol, gallic acid and acacia, gallic acid and mannitol, gallic acid and mannose, gallic acid and inositol, gallic acid and proline, and, Gallic acid and ribose, gallic acid and sorbitol, gallic acid and syringaldehyde, gallic acid and syringic acid, gallic acid and trans-ferulic acid, gallic acid and tyrosine, gallic acid and valine, gallic acid and vanillic acid, gallic acid and vanillin, gallic acid and xylose, glucosamine and glycerol, glucosamine and acacia, glucosamine and mannitol, glucosamine and mannose, glucosamine and inositol, glucosamine and proline, glucosamine and ribose, glucosamine and sorbitol, glucosamine and syringaldehyde, glucosamine and syringanic acid, glucosamine and trans-ferulic acid, glucosamine and tyrosine, glucosamine and valine, glucosamine and vanillic acid, glucosamine and vanillin, glucosamine and xylose, glycerol and acacia, glycerol and mannitol, glycerol and mannose, glycerol and inositol, glycerol and proline, glycerol and ribose, and, Glycerol and sorbitol, glycerol and syringaldehyde, glycerol and syringic acid, glycerol and trans-ferulic acid, glycerol and tyrosine, glycerol and valine, glycerol and vanillic acid, glycerol and vanillin, glycerol and xylose, gum arabic and mannitol, gum arabic and mannose, gum arabic and inositol, gum arabic and proline, gum arabic and ribose, gum arabic and sorbitol, gum arabic and syringaldehyde, gum arabic and syringic acid, gum arabic and trans-ferulic acid, gum arabic and tyrosine, gum arabic and valine, gum arabic and vanillic acid, gum arabic and vanillin, gum arabic and xylose, mannitol and mannose, mannitol and inositol, mannitol and proline, mannitol and ribose, mannitol and sorbitol, mannitol and syringaldehyde, mannitol and syringanic acid, mannitol and trans-ferulic acid, and, Mannitol and tyrosine, mannitol and valine, mannitol and vanillic acid, mannitol and vanillin, mannose and xylose, mannose and inositol, mannose and proline, mannose and ribose, mannose and sorbitol, mannose and syringaldehyde, mannose and syringanic acid, mannose and trans-ferulic acid, mannose and tyrosine, mannose and valine, mannose and vanillic acid, mannose and vanillin, mannose and xylose, inositol and proline, inositol and ribose, inositol and sorbitol, inositol and syringaldehyde, inositol and syringanic acid, inositol and trans-ferulic acid, inositol and tyrosine, inositol and valine, inositol and vanillic acid, inositol and vanillin, inositol and xylose, proline and ribose, proline and sorbitol, proline and syringaldehyde, proline and trans-ferulic acid, proline and lysine, inositol and valine, inositol and vanillic acid, inositol and vanillin, proline and xylose, proline and ribose, proline and sorbitol, proline and syringaldehyde, proline and trans-ferulic acid, and tyrosine, and proline, Proline and tyrosine, proline and valine, proline and vanillic acid, proline and vanillin, proline and xylose, ribose and sorbitol, ribose and syringaldehyde, ribose and syringic acid, ribose and trans-ferulic acid, ribose and tyrosine, ribose and valine, ribose and vanillic acid, ribose and vanillin, ribose and xylose, sorbitol and syringaldehyde, sorbitol and syringic acid, sorbitol and trans-ferulic acid, sorbitol and tyrosine, sorbitol and valine, sorbitol and vanillic acid, sorbitol and vanillin, sorbitol and xylose, syringaldehyde and syringaldehyde, syringaldehyde and trans-ferulic acid, syringaldehyde and tyrosine, syringaldehyde and valine, syringaldehyde and vanillic acid, syringaldehyde and xylose, syringaldehyde and trans-ferulic acid, syringaldehyde and tyrosine, syringaldehyde and valine, syringaldehyde and trans-syringaldehyde, syringaldehyde and trans-aldehyde, syringaldehyde and tyrosine, syringaldehyde and trans-ferulic acid, syringaldehyde and tyrosine, syringaldehyde and valine, syringaldehyde and tyrosine, Syringic acid and vanillic acid, syringic acid and vanillin, syringic acid and xylose, trans-ferulic acid and tyrosine, trans-ferulic acid and valine, trans-ferulic acid and vanillic acid, trans-ferulic acid and vanillin, trans-ferulic acid and xylose, tyrosine and valine, tyrosine and vanillic acid, tyrosine and vanillin, tyrosine and xylose, valine and vanillic acid, valine and vanillin, valine and xylose, vanillic acid and vanillin, vanillic acid and xylose, vanillin and xylose.

In some embodiments, a whiskey mimetic provided herein can include at least 10 (e.g., at least 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, or 24) compounds selected from the group consisting of: 2-furoic acid, adenine, choline, citric acid, D-glucuronic acid, fructose, fucose, fumaric acid, galactose, gallic acid, glucosamine, glucose, guanine, lactic acid, malic acid, inositol (e.g., myoinositol), pyridoxine, sorbitol, succinic acid, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, tartaric acid, vanillin, and xylose.

In some embodiments, a whisky replica provided herein can include one or more (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or more than five) non-volatile compounds that are not present in traditional whisky. Examples of such non-volatile compounds include, but are not limited to, adipic acid, carnosine, catechin, cysteine, cystine, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, hesperetin, pantothenic acid, piperine, polydatin, quercetin, resveratrol, sinapic acid, valine, and xylose. In some embodiments, the non-volatile compounds not present in traditional whisky are selected from valine, xylose, and combinations thereof. Surprisingly, the whiskey imitation described herein includes one or more compounds not found in any of the traditional whiskeys tested, as it is expected that to produce a whiskey imitation one will only consider using compounds found in one or more traditional whiskeys.

Furthermore, the non-volatile compounds may be detected in conventional whiskey using any suitable method, including the LC-MS method described in example 2 herein. Non-volatile compounds that are "absent" or "not included" in the reference whisky are compounds that are not detected in the reference whisky using the method shown in example 2. The detection limits for various non-volatile compounds are disclosed in table 5 herein.

Additionally, in some embodiments, a whisky replica provided herein can lack one or more (e.g., one, two, three, four, five, or more than five) non-volatile compounds present in traditional whisky. Examples of such non-volatile compounds include, but are not limited to, 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adenine, AMP, choline, ellagic acid, homoserine, gallic acid methyl ester, pyridoxine, quinic acid, and salicylic acid. In some embodiments, a whisky mimetic provided herein may lack one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7) compounds selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, AMP, ellagic acid, homoserine, gallic acid methyl ester, quinic acid, and salicylic acid. Surprisingly, the whiskey imitation described herein includes one or more compounds not found in any of the traditional whiskeys tested, as it is expected that to produce a whiskey imitation one will only consider using compounds found in one or more traditional whiskeys.

In some cases, the overall population of non-volatile compounds in the imitation whisky may have less than 60% identity with non-volatile compounds in a corresponding reference whisky (e.g., in a single type of traditional whisky). For example, the non-volatile compounds in the whisky imitation may have less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, or less than 20% identity to the group of non-volatile compounds in the corresponding reference whisky. As defined herein, the "percent identity" of the non-volatile compounds is calculated by dividing the number of non-volatile compounds common to the whiskey replica and the reference whiskey by the total number of non-volatile compounds detected in the reference whiskey (e.g., the total number of non-volatile compounds in group V, group W, or group X). Some whisky replicas may contain at least 1 (e.g., at least 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) non-volatile compounds not found in the single reference whisky. In addition, some whisky mimetics may contain no more than 25 (e.g., no more than 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11, 10, or fewer) non-volatile compounds present in a single reference whisky. For example, in some embodiments, a whiskey imitation may have at least m non-volatile compounds and less than m (e.g., m-1, m-2, m-3, m-4, m-5, m-6, m-7, m-8, m-9, m-10, m-15, m-20, etc., as applicable) non-volatile compounds found in a single reference whiskey; in some embodiments, m may be equal to 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60.

The following examples illustrate the amount of non-volatile compounds included in whiskey replicas made according to the methods disclosed herein, and also illustrate the amount of non-volatile compounds detected in conventional whiskey samples. In some embodiments, the amount of a particular non-volatile compound in a whiskey imitation may be an amount in concentration or percentage of composition that is in the range of 30% higher and lower than the disclosed amount of the non-volatile compound. For example, the amount of non-volatile compounds present in a whiskey mimetic is 70 to 90%, 80 to 100%, 90 to 110%, 100 to 120%, 110 to 130%, 70 to 100%, 80 to 110%, 90 to 120%, or 100 to 130% of the disclosed amount of said non-volatile compounds as disclosed herein.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include xylose. In some embodiments, the xylose can be present in an amount of about 9mg/L to about 18mg/L (e.g., about 9 to about 15mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 9 to about 12mg/L, about 12 to about 15mg/L, or about 15 to about 18 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include xylose.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise fucose. In some embodiments, the fucose can be present in an amount from about 7mg/L to about 94mg/L (e.g., from about 7 to about 10mg/L, from about 7 to about 15mg/L, from about 10 to about 15mg/L, from about 15 to about 20mg/L, from about 20 to about 30mg/L, from about 30 to about 40mg/L, from about 40 to about 50mg/L, from about 50 to about 60mg/L, from about 60 to about 70mg/L, from about 70 to about 80mg/L, from about 80 to about 90mg/L, or from about 80 to about 94 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include fucose.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include sorbitol. In some embodiments, the sorbitol can be present in an amount of about 0.1mg/L to about 15mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 9 to about 11mg/L, about 11 to about 13mg/L, or about 13 to about 15 mg/L). In some embodiments, the sorbitol can be present in an amount of at least about 5.8mg/L (e.g., at least about 6mg/L, 7mg/L, 8mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 11mg/L, 12mg/L, 13mg/L, or 14 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include sorbitol.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise mannose. In some embodiments, the mannose can be present in an amount of about 11 to about 55mg/L (e.g., about 11 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 18mg/L, about 18 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 50mg/L, or about 50 to about 55 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile components may not include mannose.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise galactose. In some embodiments, the galactose may be present in an amount of about 2 to about 22mg/L (e.g., about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 22mg/L, or about 15 to about 22 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include galactose.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include inositol. In some embodiments, the inositol may be present in an amount of about 0.6 to about 35mg/L (e.g., about 0.6 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 23mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, or about 30 to about 35 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include inositol.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ribose. In some embodiments, the ribose may be present in an amount of about 3.7 to about 68mg/L (e.g., about 3.7 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 6mg/L, about 6 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 60mg/L, or about 60 to about 68 mg/L.) in some embodiments, the ribose may be present in an amount of less than about 6mg/L (e.g., less than about 5.5mg/L, 5.0mg/L, 4.5mg/L, or 4.0 mg/L.) in some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include ribose.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise arabitol. In some embodiments, the arabitol may be present in an amount of about 0.1mg/L to about 2.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, or about 2.0 to about 2.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include arabitol.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise fructose. In some embodiments, the fructose may be present in an amount of about 1.4 to about 146mg/L (e.g., about 1.4 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 60mg/L, about 60 to about 80mg/L, about 80 to about 100mg/L, about 100 to about 120mg/L, about 120 to about 140mg/L, or about 120 to about 146 mg/L). In some embodiments, the fructose may be present in an amount less than about 3.14mg/L (e.g., less than about 3.1mg/L, 3.0mg/L, 2.9mg/L, 2.8mg/L, 2.7mg/L, 2.6mg/L, 2.5mg/L, 2.4mg/L, 2.3mg/L, 2.2mg/L, 2.1mg/L, 2.0mg/L, 1.9mg/L, 1.8mg/L, 1.7mg/L, 1.6mg/L, 1.5mg/L, or 1.4 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include fructose.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise rhamnose. In some embodiments, the rhamnose may be present in an amount of about 4.4 to about 40mg/L (e.g., about 4.4 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 35mg/L, or about 35 to about 40 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include rhamnose.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise mannitol. In some embodiments, the mannitol may be present in an amount of about 0.06 to about 13.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.06 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 5.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 5.0mg/L, about 5.0 to about 7.0mg/L, about 7.0 to about 9.0mg/L, about 11.0 to about 13.0mg/L, or about 11.0 to about 13.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the mannitol may be present in an amount of at least about 7.8mg/L (e.g., at least about 7.9mg/L, 8.0mg/L, 8.5mg/L, 9.0mg/L, 9.5mg/L, 10.0mg/L, 10.5mg/L, 11.0mg/L, 11.5mg/L, 12.0mg/L, 12.5mg/L, or 13.0 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include mannitol.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise glucose. In some embodiments, the glucose may be present in an amount of about 10 to about 320mg/L (e.g., about 10 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 100mg/L, about 100 to about 150mg/L, about 150 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 250mg/L, about 250 to about 300mg/L, or about 250 to about 320 mg/L). In some embodiments, the glucose can be present in an amount of at least about 120mg/L (e.g., at least about 130mg/L, 140mg/L, 150mg/L, 160mg/L, 170mg/L, 180mg/L, 190mg/L, 200mg/L, 210mg/L, 220mg/L, 230mg/L, 250mg/L, 260mg/L, 270mg/L, 280mg/L, 290mg/L, 300mg/L, or 310 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include glucose.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise glycerol. In some embodiments, the glycerol may be present in an amount of about 5g/L to about 10.5g/L (e.g., about 5g/L to about 10g/L, about 5g/L to about 6g/L, about 6g/L to about 7g/L, about 7 to about 8g/L, about 8 to about 9g/L, about 9 to about 10g/L, about 10.0 to about 10.5g/L, about 5 to about 7g/L, about 7 to about 9g/L, about 6 to about 8g/L, or about 8 to about 10 g/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include glycerin.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include quinic acid. In some embodiments, the quinic acid may be present in an amount of from about 0.6 to about 9.8mg/L (e.g., from about 0.6 to about 1.0mg/L, from about 1.0 to about 2.0mg/L, from about 2.0 to about 3.0mg/L, from about 3.0 to about 4.0mg/L, from about 4.0 to about 5.0mg/L, from about 1.0 to about 5.0mg/L, from about 5.0 to about 6.0mg/L, from about 6.0 to about 7.0mg/L, from about 7.0 to about 8.0mg/L, from about 8.0 to about 9.0mg/L, or from about 9.0 to about 9.8 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include quinic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise caffeic acid. In some embodiments, the caffeic acid can be present in an amount of about 0.9 to about 2.8mg/L (e.g., about 0.9 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.2mg/L, about 1.2 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, or about 2.5 to about 2.8 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include caffeic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise vanillic acid. In some embodiments, the vanillic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.3 to about 160mg/L (e.g., about 0.3 to about 0.7mg/L, about 0.7 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 70mg/L, about 70 to about 90mg/L, about 90 to about 110mg/L, about 110 to about 130mg/L, about 130 to about 150mg/L, or about 150 to about 160 mg/L). In some embodiments, the vanillic acid may be present in an amount less than about 10.3mg/L (e.g., less than about 10.2mg/L, 10.1mg/L, 10.0mg/L, 9.5mg/L, 9.0mg/L, 8.5mg/L, 8.0mg/L, 7.5mg/L, 7.0mg/L, 6.5mg/L, 6.0mg/L, 5.5mg/L, 5.0mg/L, 4.5mg/L, 4.0mg/L, 3.5mg/L, 3.0mg/L, 2.5mg/L, 2.0mg/L, 1.5mg/L, or 1.0 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include vanillic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise syringic acid. In some embodiments, the syringic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.02 to about 31mg/L (e.g., about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, or about 25 to about 31 mg/L). In some embodiments, the syringic acid can be present in an amount of at least about 7.5mg/L (e.g., at least about 8mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 11mg/L, 12mg/L, 13mg/L, 14mg/L, 15mg/L, 17mg/L, 20mg/L, 22mg/L, 25mg/L, 27mg/L, or 30 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include syringic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise vanillin. In some embodiments, the vanillin can be present in an amount of about 0.08 to about 11mg/L (e.g., about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 6mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 6 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, or about 9 to about 11 mg/L). In some embodiments, the vanillin may be present in an amount of less than about 0.12mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.1mg/L, 0.07mg/L, 0.05mg/L, or 0.001 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include vanillin.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise syringaldehyde. In some embodiments, the syringaldehyde can be present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 23mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 5 to about 11mg/L, about 9 to about 11mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, or about 20 to about 23 mg/L). In some embodiments, the syringaldehyde can be present in an amount less than about 0.2mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.18mg/L, 0.15mg/L, 0.12mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.03mg/L, 0.01mg/L, or 0.005 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include syringaldehyde.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise coumaric acid. In some embodiments, the coumaric acid may be present in an amount of about 0.4 to about 3.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.4 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 0.7mg/L, about 0.7 to about 1.0mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.5 to about 3.0mg/L, or about 3.0 to about 3.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include coumaric acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise acetovanillone. In some embodiments, the acetovanillone may be present in an amount of about 0.017 to about 0.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.017 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.5mg/L, or about 0.5 to about 0.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, the acetovanillone may be present in an amount less than about 0.012mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.01mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.001mg/L, or 0.0005 mg/L). In some embodiments, the acetovanillone may be present in an amount of at least about 0.43mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.44mg/L, 0.45mg/L, 0.46mg/L, 0.47mg/L, 0.48mg/L, 0.49mg/L, 0.50mg/L, or 0.55 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include acetovanillone.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise ellagic acid. In some embodiments, the ellagic acid can be present in an amount of about 14 to about 54mg/L (e.g., about 14 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 35mg/L, about 35 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 45mg/L, about 45 to about 50mg/L, or about 50 to about 54 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include ellagic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise cinnamic acid. In some embodiments, the cinnamic acid can be present in an amount of about 0.7 to about 3.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.7 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.4mg/L, about 1.4 to about 2.0mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, about 2.5 to about 3.0mg/L, about 3.0 to about 3.5mg/L, or about 3.0 to about 3.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include cinnamic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. In some embodiments, the trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline may be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.7mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 0.6mg/L, or about 0.6 to about 0.7 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise citrulline. In some embodiments, the citrulline can be present in an amount of about 0.004 to about 0.16mg/L (e.g., about 0.004 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.007mg/L, about 0.007 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.3mg/L, or about 0.3 to about 0.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include citrulline.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise adenine. In some embodiments, the adenine may be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.1mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.09mg/L, or about 0.09 to about 0.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include adenine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise guanine. In some embodiments, the guanine may be present in an amount of about 0.00014 to about 0.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.00014 to about 0.0002mg/L, about 0.0002 to about 0.0005mg/L, about 0.0005 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, or about 0.2 to about 0.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include guanine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise tyramine. In some embodiments, the tyramine can be present in an amount of about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L (e.g., about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.004mg/L, or about 0.004 to about 0.005 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include tyramine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include kynurenic acid. In some embodiments, the canine uroquinolinic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.005 to about 0.1mg/L (e.g., about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, or about 0.08 to about 0.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include kynurenic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include pyridoxine. In some embodiments, the pyridoxine may be present in an amount of about 0.0008 to about 0.03mg/L (e.g., about 0.0008 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.002mg/L, about 0.002 to about 0.003mg/L, about 0.003 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.007mg/L, about 0.007 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.02mg/L, or about 0.02 to about 0.03 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include pyridoxine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise choline. In some embodiments, the choline can be present in an amount of about 0.15 to about 19mg/L (e.g., about 0.15 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 9 to about 11mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 11 to about 13mg/L, about 13 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 17mg/L, about 15 to about 19mg/L, or about 17 to about 19 mg/L). In some embodiments, the choline can be present in an amount less than about 0.12mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.1mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.005mg/L, or 0.001 mg/L). In some embodiments, the choline can be present in an amount of at least about 2.8mg/L (e.g., at least about 3mg/L, 4mg/L, 5mg/L, 6mg/L, 7mg/L, 8mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 11mg/L, 12mg/L, 13mg/L, 14mg/L, 15mg/L, 16mg/L, 17mg/L, or 18 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include choline.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise phenylalanine. In some embodiments, the phenylalanine may be present in an amount of about 0.03 to about 0.24mg/L (e.g., about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.12mg/L, about 0.12 to about 0.14mg/L, about 0.14 to about 0.16mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.16 to about 0.18mg/L, about 0.18 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.22mg/L, or about 0.22 to about 0.24 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include phenylalanine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise methionine. In some embodiments, the methionine may be present in an amount of about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L (e.g., about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, or about 0.04 to about 0.05 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include methionine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid). In some embodiments, the GABA may be present in an amount of about 0.015 to about 2.2mg/L (e.g., about 0.015 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, or about 2.0 to about 2.2 mg/L). In some embodiments, the GABA is present in an amount less than about 0.01mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.01mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.001mg/L or 0.0005 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include GABA.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise tyrosine. In some embodiments, the tyrosine can be present in an amount of about 0.44 to about 0.82mg/L (e.g., about 0.44 to about 0.45mg/L, about 0.45 to about 0.50mg/L, about 0.50 to about 0.55mg/L, about 0.55 to about 0.60mg/L, about 0.60 to about 0.65mg/L, about 0.65 to about 0.70mg/L, about 0.70 to about 0.75mg/L, about 0.75mg/L to about 0.80mg/L, or about 0.75 to about 0.82 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include tyrosine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise serine. In some embodiments, the serine can be present in an amount of about 0.024 to about 0.17mg/L (e.g., about 0.024 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.11mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.11 to about 0.13mg/L, about 0.13 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, or about 0.15 to about 0.17 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include serine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise aspartic acid. In some embodiments, the aspartic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.015 to about 16mg/L (e.g., about 0.015 to about 0.02mg/L, about 0.02 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.25 to about 0.30mg/L, about 0.30 to about 0.35mg/L, about 0.35 to about 0.40mg/L, about 0.40 to about 0.45mg/L, about 0.45 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 12mg/L, or about 16 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include aspartic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise glucosamine. In some embodiments, the glucosamine can be present in an amount of about 0.02 to about 100mg/L (e.g., about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 60mg/L, about 60 to about 70mg/L, about 70 to about 80mg/L, about 80 to about 90mg/L, or about 90 to about 100 mg/L). In some embodiments, the glucosamine can be present in an amount less than about 0.014mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.013mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.001mg/L, or 0.0005 mg/L). In some embodiments, the glucosamine can be present in an amount of at least about 0.55mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.6mg/L, 0.7mg/L, 0.8mg/L, 0.9mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 3mg/L, 4mg/L, 5mg/L, 6mg/L, 7mg/L, 8mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 15mg/L, 20mg/L, 25mg/L, 30mg/L, 35mg/L, 40mg/L, 45mg/L, 50mg/L, 60mg/L, 70mg/L, 80mg/L, or 90 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include glucosamine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise histidine. In some embodiments, the histidine may be present in an amount of about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L (e.g., about 0.05 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.09mg/L, or about 0.09 to about 0.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include histidine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise lysine. In some embodiments, the lysine may be present in an amount of about 0.08 to about 0.16mg/L (e.g., about 0.08 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.12mg/L, about 0.12 to about 0.14mg/L, or about 0.14 to about 0.16 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include lysine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise carnitine. In some embodiments, the carnitine can be present in an amount of about 0.009 to about 0.042mg/L (e.g., about 0.009 to about 0.010mg/L, about 0.010 to about 0.015mg/L, about 0.015 to about 0.020mg/L, about 0.020 to about 0.025mg/L, about 0.025 to about 0.030mg/L, about 0.030 to about 0.035mg/L, about 0.035 to about 0.040mg/L, or about 0.035 to about 0.042 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include carnitine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise tryptophan. In some embodiments, the tryptophan may be present in an amount of about 0.009 to about 0.020mg/L (e.g., about 0.009 to about 0.010 to about 0.012mg/L, about 0.012 to about 0.014mg/L, about 0.010 to about 0.015mg/L, about 0.015 to about 0.020mg/L, about 0.014 to about 0.016mg/L, about 0.016 to about 0.018mg/L, or about 0.018 to about 0.020 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include tryptophan.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise proline. In some embodiments, the proline may be present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 20mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 2 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 6mg/L, about 6 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 12mg/L, about 12 to about 14mg/L, about 14 to about 16mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 16 to about 18mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, or about 18 to about 20 mg/L). In some embodiments, the proline may be present in an amount less than about 0.1mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.09mg/L, 0.07mg/L, 0.05mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.005mg/L, or 0.001 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include proline.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise valine. In some embodiments, the valine can be present in an amount of about 0.9 to about 1.7mg/L (e.g., about 0.9 to about 1.1mg/L, about 1.1 to about 1.3mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.3 to about 1.5mg/L, or about 1.5 to about 1.7 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include valine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include beta-alanine (B-alanine). In some embodiments, the beta-alanine can be present in an amount of about 0.02 to about 2.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.25mg/L to about 0.30mg/L, about 0.30 to about 0.34mg/L, about 0.30 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2mg/L, or about 2 to about 2.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include beta-alanine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include threonine. In some embodiments, the threonine can be present in an amount of about 0.23 to about 0.43mg/L (e.g., about 0.23 to about 0.25mg/L, about 0.25 to about 0.27mg/L, about 0.27 to about 0.30mg/L, about 0.30 to about 0.33mg/L, about 0.33 to about 0.35mg/L, about 0.35 to about 0.37mg/L, about 0.37 to about 0.40mg/L, or about 0.40 to about 0.43 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include threonine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise glutamine. In some embodiments, the glutamine can be present in an amount of about 0.015 to about 0.028mg/L (e.g., about 0.015 to about 0.017mg/L, about 0.017 to about 0.019mg/L, about 0.019 to about 0.021mg/L, about 0.021 to about 0.023mg/L, about 0.023 to about 0.025mg/L, about 0.025 to about 0.027mg/L, or about 0.027 to about 0.028 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include glutamine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include asparagine. In some embodiments, the asparagine can be present in an amount of about 0.025 to about 0.42mg/L (e.g., about 0.025 to about 0.030mg/L, about 0.030 to about 0.035mg/L, about 0.035 to about 0.040mg/L, about 0.040 to about 0.045mg/L, about 0.045 to about 0.050mg/L, about 0.050 to about 0.055mg/L, about 0.055 to about 0.058mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.4mg/L, or about 0.4 to about 0.42 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include asparagine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise glutamic acid. In some embodiments, the glutamic acid can be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.17mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.03mg/L, about 0.03 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.11mg/L, about 0.11 to about 0.13mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.13 to about 0.15mg/L, or about 0.15 to about 0.17 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include glutamic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include arginine. In some embodiments, the arginine may be present in an amount of about 0.055 to about 0.25mg/L (e.g., about 0.055 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.10mg/L, about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.20mg/L, or about 0.20 to about 0.25 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may not include arginine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise betaine. In some embodiments, the betaine may be present in an amount of about 0.04 to about 0.09mg/L (e.g., about 0.05 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.08mg/L, or about 0.08 to about 0.09 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include betaine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise homoserine. In some embodiments, the homoserine can be present in an amount of about 0.04 to about 0.7mg/L (e.g., about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.08mg/L, about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 0.6mg/L, or about 0.6 to about 0.7 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include homoserine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include D-glucuronic acid. In some embodiments, the D-glucuronic acid can be present in an amount of about 0.08 to about 54mg/L (e.g., about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 9 to about 11mg/L, about 11 to about 13mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 13 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 25mg/L, about 25 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 35mg/L, about 35 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 45mg/L, About 45 to about 50mg/L or about 50 to about 54 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include D-glucuronic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise malic acid. In some embodiments, the malic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.2 to about 20mg/L (e.g., about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, or about 10 to about 20 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include malic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise tartaric acid. In some embodiments, the tartaric acid can be present in an amount of about 0.3 to about 350mg/L (e.g., about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 50mg/L, about 50 to about 100mg/L, about 100 to about 150mg/L, about 150 to about 200mg/L, about 200 to about 250mg/L, about 250 to about 300mg/L, or about 300 to about 350 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include tartaric acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise lactic acid. In some embodiments, the lactic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.7 to about 53mg/L (e.g., about 0.7 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 23mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, about 40 to about 50mg/L, or about 50 to about 53 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include lactic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise succinic acid. In some embodiments, the succinic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.1 to about 11mg/L (e.g., about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 5mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, or about 9 to about 11 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include succinic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise citric acid. In some embodiments, the citric acid may be present in an amount of about 0.01 to about 22mg/L (e.g., about 0.01 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 22mg/L, or about 15 to about 22 mg/L). In some embodiments, the citric acid may be present in an amount of at least about 8.8mg/L (e.g., at least about 9.0mg/L, 9.5mg/L, 10mg/L, 11mg/L, 12mg/L, 13mg/L, 14mg/L, 15mg/L, 16mg/L, 17mg/L, 18mg/L, 19mg/L, or 20 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include citric acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise fumaric acid. In some embodiments, the fumaric acid may be present in an amount of about 0.02 to about 22mg/L (e.g., about 0.02 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 5mg/L, about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 10 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 22mg/L, or about 15 to about 22 mg/L). In some embodiments, the fumaric acid may be present in an amount less than about 0.03mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.02mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.005mg/L, 0.001mg/L, or 0.0005 mg/L). In some embodiments, the fumaric acid may be present in an amount of at least about 0.65mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.7mg/L, 0.8mg/L, 0.9mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 3mg/L, 4mg/L, 5mg/L, 6mg/L, 7mg/L, 8mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 12mg/L, 13mg/L, 14mg/L, 15mg/L, 16mg/L, 17mg/L, 18mg/L, 19mg/L, or 20 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include fumaric acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include pyruvic acid. In some embodiments, the pyruvic acid can be present in an amount of about 0.2 to about 2.6mg/L (e.g., about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, about 2.0 to about 2.5mg/L, or about 2.0 to about 2.6 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include pyruvic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise gallic acid. In some embodiments, the gallic acid can be present in an amount from about 0.5 to about 38mg/L (e.g., from about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, from about 1 to about 2mg/L, from about 2 to about 3mg/L, from about 3 to about 5mg/L, from about 1 to about 5mg/L, from about 5 to about 10mg/L, from about 10 to about 15mg/L, from about 15 to about 20mg/L, from about 20 to about 25mg/L, from about 25 to about 30mg/L, from about 30 to about 35mg/L, or from about 35 to about 38 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include gallic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. In some embodiments, the 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.08 to about 2mg/L (e.g., about 0.08 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.6mg/L, about 0.6 to about 0.8mg/L, about 0.8 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 1.5mg/L, or about 1.5 to about 2 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 2-furoic acid. In some embodiments, the 2-furoic acid may be present in an amount of about 4 to about 42mg/L (e.g., about 4 to about 6mg/L, about 6 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 12mg/L, about 12 to about 14mg/L, about 14 to about 16mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 15 to about 20mg/L, about 20 to about 30mg/L, about 30 to about 40mg/L, or about 40 to about 42 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include 2-furoic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 2-isopropylmalic acid. In some embodiments, the 2-isopropylmalic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.04 to about 2.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.04 to about 0.06mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.06 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1.0mg/L, about 1.0 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2.0mg/L, or about 2.0 to about 2.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include 2-isopropylmalic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise 4-guanidinobutyric acid. In some embodiments, the 4-guanidinobutyric acid may be present in an amount of about 0.03 to about 0.1mg/L (e.g., about 0.03 to about 0.04mg/L, about 0.04 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, or about 0.09 to about 0.1 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include 4-guanidinobutyric acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise pipecolic acid. In some embodiments, the pipecolic acid may be present in an amount of about 0.06 to about 1.4mg/L (e.g., about 0.06 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, or about 1 to about 1.4 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include pipecolic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise uracil. In some embodiments, the uracil may be present in an amount of about 0.05 to about 0.17mg/L (e.g., about 0.05 to about 0.07mg/L, about 0.07 to about 0.09mg/L, about 0.09 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.13mg/L, or about 0.13 to about 0.17 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include uracil.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise pyridine. In some embodiments, the pyridine may be present in an amount of about 1.2 to about 11mg/L (e.g., about 1.2 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2mg/L, about 2 to about 3mg/L, about 3 to about 4mg/L, about 4 to about 6mg/L, about 6 to about 8mg/L, about 8 to about 10mg/L, or about 10 to about 11 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include pyridine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine. In some embodiments, the 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine may be present in an amount of about 0.10 to about 0.30mg/L (e.g., about 0.10 to about 0.15mg/L, about 0.15 to about 0.20mg/L, about 0.20 to about 0.25mg/L, or about 0.25 to about 0.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include 2, 3-dimethylpyrazine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include 2,3, 5-trimethylpyrazine. In some embodiments, the 2,3, 5-trimethylpyrazine may be present in an amount of about 0 to about 0.02mg/L (e.g., about 0 to about 0.001mg/L, about 0.001 to about 0.005mg/L, about 0.005 to about 0.01mg/L, or about 0.01 to about 0.02 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include 2,3, 5-trimethylpyrazine.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include camphoric acid. In some embodiments, the camphoric acid may be present in an amount of about 5 to about 15mg/L (e.g., about 5 to about 10mg/L, about 10 to about 15mg/L, about 5 to about 7mg/L, about 7 to about 9mg/L, about 9 to about 11mg/L, about 11 to about 13mg/L, or about 13 to about 15 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include camphoric acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise trans-ferulic acid. In some embodiments, the trans-ferulic acid can be present in an amount of 0.025 to about 2.5mg/L (e.g., about 0.025 to about 0.05mg/L, about 0.05 to about 0.1mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.2mg/L, about 0.2 to about 0.3mg/L, about 0.3 to about 0.4mg/L, about 0.1 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.4 to about 0.5mg/L, about 0.5 to about 1mg/L, about 1 to about 1.5mg/L, about 1.5 to about 2mg/L, or about 2 to about 2.5 mg/L). In some embodiments, the trans-ferulic acid can be present in an amount less than about 0.35mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.3mg/L, 0.2mg/L, 0.1mg/L, 0.05mg/L, or 0.01 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include trans-ferulic acid.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise gum arabic. In some embodiments, the gum arabic may be present in an amount of about 0.7 to about 1.3mg/L (e.g., about 0.7 to about 0.9mg/L, about 0.9 to about 1.1mg/L, or about 1.1 to about 1.3 mg/L). In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds may not include gum arabic.

The one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: pantothenic acid, epicatechin gallate, polydatin, tryptamine, sorbic acid, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, cysteine, ornithine, methyl 2-pyrrolidone, piperine, 2,3, 5-trimethylpyrazine, 2,3,5, 6-tetramethylpyrazine adipic acid, AMP, betaine, camphoric acid, carnosine, catechin, CMP, cysteine, cystine, cytidine, cytosine, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, glycine, hesperetin, isoleucine, leucine, methyl gallate, methyl-2-pyrrolyl ketone, ornithine, pantothenic acid, piperine, polydatin, propyl gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, rutin, salicylic acid, sinapic acid, threonine, tryptamine, tryptophan, oak extract, and tannins (e.g., oak tannin, powdered oak tannin).

In some embodiments, the one or more non-volatile compounds in the whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more) compounds selected from the group consisting of: 4-O-pentopyranosyl pentopyranose, puerarin A, catechin, chlorogenic acid, cinchonin Ia, cinnamon tannin A4, cinnamon tannin B1, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, D (-) -amygdalin, digallate glycoside, digallic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, eriodictyol, etophenone, ferulic acid, gallic acid, cotton cellulose, isorhamnetin, candelin A2, linoleic acid, luteolin, mulberroside A, naringenin, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, p-coumaroyl quinic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, phloretin, phlorizin, procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, quercetin glycoside, quercetin, Quercetin-3 beta-D-glucoside, rhamnose oxazine-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, syringic acid, tannic acid, tetragalloyl glucose, polyester catechin A, tiliroside, trigallacyl glucose and vanillic acid.

In some cases, the amount of any particular non-volatile compound in a whisky replica may be different from the amount of the non-volatile compound described in the corresponding reference whisky. In some cases, the amount of non-volatile compounds in the whiskey imitation can be, in concentration or mass percent, 75% or less (e.g., 70% or less, 60% or less, 50% or less, 40% or less, 30% or less, 20% or less, or 10% or less) of the amount of the same non-volatile compounds in the corresponding reference whiskey. In some cases, the amount of non-volatile compounds in the whiskey imitation can be 125% or more (e.g., 150% or more, 200% or more, or 300% or more) of the amount of the same non-volatile compounds in the corresponding reference whiskey, in concentration or mass percent.

For example, a whisky-like alcoholic beverage may include one or more of the following: ribose in an amount less than about 6mg/L (e.g., less than about 5.9mg/L, 5.8mg/L, 5.7mg/L, 5.6mg/L, 5.5mg/L, 5.4mg/L, 5.3mg/L, 5.2mg/L, 5.1mg/L, or 5.0 mg/L); fructose in an amount less than about 3.1mg/L (e.g., less than about 3.0mg/L, 2.8mg/L, 2.6mg/L, 2.4mg/L, 2.2mg/L, 2.0mg/L, or 1.8 mg/L); vanillic acid in an amount less than about 10.3mg/L (e.g., less than about 10mg/L, 9mg/L, 8mg/L, 7mg/L, 6mg/L, 5mg/L, 4mg/L, 3mg/L, 2mg/L, or 1 mg/L); vanillin in an amount less than about 0.3mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.2 or 0.1 mg/L); syringaldehyde in an amount less than about 0.55mg/L (e.g., less than about 0.5mg/L, 0.4mg/L, 0.3mg/L, or 0.2 mg/L); sorbitol in an amount of at least about 5.8mg/L (e.g., at least about 6mg/L, 7mg/L, 8mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 11mg/L, or 12 mg/L); mannitol in an amount of at least about 7.8mg/L (e.g., at least about 8.0mg/L, 8.5mg/L, 9.0mg/L, 9.5mg/L, 10.0mg/L, or 10.5 mg/L); glucose in an amount of at least about 120mg/L (e.g., at least about 125mg/L, 150mg/L, 175mg/L, 200mg/L, 225mg/L, 250mg/L, 275mg/L, or 300 mg/L); syringic acid in an amount of at least about 7.5mg/L (e.g., at least about 8mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 12mg/L, 14mg/L, 16mg/L, 18mg/L, 20mg/L, 22mg/L, 24mg/L, 26mg/L, 28mg/L, or 30 mg/L); acetovanillone in an amount of at least about 0.43mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.44mg/L, 0.45mg/L, 0.46mg/L, 0.47mg/L, 0.48mg/L, 0.49mg/L, or about 0.5 mg/L); choline in an amount of at least about 2.8mg/L (e.g., at least about 3mg/L, 5mg/L, 7mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 12mg/L, 14mg/L, 16mg/L, or 18 mg/L); glucosamine in an amount of at least about 0.55mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.6mg/L, 0.8mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 5mg/L, 10mg/L, 20mg/L, 30mg/L, 40mg/L, 50mg/L, 60mg/L, 70mg/L, 80mg/L, or 90 mg/L); citric acid in an amount of at least about 8.8mg/L (e.g., 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 11mg/L, 12mg/L, 13mg/L, 14mg/L, 15mg/L, 16mg/L, 17mg/L, 18mg/L, 19mg/L, or 20 mg/L); or at least about 0.65mg/L (e.g., at least about 0.7mg/L, 0.8mg/L, 0.9mg/L, 1mg/L, 2mg/L, 3mg/L, 4mg/L, 5mg/L, 6mg/L, 7mg/L, 8mg/L, 9mg/L, 10mg/L, 11mg/L, 12mg/L, 13mg/L, 14mg/L, 15mg/L, 16mg/L, 17mg/L, 18mg/L, 19mg/L, or 20 mg/L).

In some embodiments, the whisky replica may further comprise kelp extract. In some embodiments, the amount of kelp extract included in the whiskey mimetic is from 0.05% to about 0.5% (volume of kelp extract/volume of whiskey mimetic) (e.g., from about 0.05% to about 0.1%, from about 0.1% to about 0.2%, from about 0.2% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 0.4%, from about 0.4% to about 0.5%, from about 0.1% to about 0.3%, or from about 0.3% to about 0.5% (v/v)).

Due to the methods of preparation of whiskey-like alcoholic beverages provided herein, these whiskey-like alcoholic beverages typically lack the contaminants and other harmful compounds sometimes encountered in traditional wines. These include, but are not limited to, organisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Brettanomyces species, Lactobacillus (Lactobacillales), Saccharomyces species (these are commonly used by distillers and brewers), Acremonium strictum, Pediobolus gracilis, Cladosporium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella alpina, Mucor densa, Paecilomyces viridis, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium fulvum, Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium purpurogenum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma viride, and Verticillium Agaricus campestris (strains isolated from the cork of corked wine; see ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/PMC/articules/134401), as well as molds, mildew, rot, insects, insect eggs, insect foulants, rodent foulants, mammalian excreta, insect lecithins, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen disulfide, 2,4, 6-trichloroanisole (associated with stout), 2,4, 6-tribromoanisole, flavomycotoxin, aldrin, dieldrin, benzene hexachloride, chlordane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (TDE), dimethylnitrosamine (nitrosodimethylamine), dibromoethane (EDB), heptachloro epoxy, lindane, mercury, methanol, ethylene glycol, dichloromethane and heavy metals.

This document also provides methods for making whiskey imitations. In some embodiments, the methods provided herein are performed by: one or more organic acids are first mixed with water, ethanol and nonvolatile components are added, followed by a small amount of diluted VOC. Generally, water, ethanol, organic acids, additional VOCs, amino acids, and certain texture and flavor modifying ingredients are used to produce a final product having the characteristics of whiskey made in a traditional manner.

In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a whisky replica provided herein can comprise providing an aqueous solution, and adding to the aqueous solution ingredients comprising: ethanol; a source of tannin; a plurality of oak pieces or oak extracts; a non-volatile compound, wherein the non-volatile compound comprises a sugar or sugar alcohol and an acid; and additional VOCs, wherein the additional VOCs comprise esters, alcohols, aldehydes, or ketones, or both, and terpenes or isoprenoids, or both.

In some embodiments, a method of making a whisky mimetic provided herein can include combining water, one or more acids, one or more sugars, a pH adjusting salt, one or more nucleotide monophosphates, one or more amino acids, ethanol, and five or more (e.g., 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, or more) additional VOCs.

In any of the methods described herein, the additional VOCs combined with other ingredients can lack, for example, 1 or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more) additional VOCs in group H1 and 1 or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20 or more) VOCs in group I1. In some embodiments of the methods described herein, for example, the whisky mimic may lack one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 or more) VOCs in group H. In some embodiments of the methods described herein, for example, the whisky replica can lack one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 15, 20, or more) additional VOCs of group I. In some embodiments of the methods described herein, for example, a whisky replica can lack one or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6) VOCs of group J1.

In any of the methods described herein, the additional VOCs combined with other ingredients can lack, for example, 1 or 2 additional VOCs in group H2, and optionally, VOCs in group I2.

In any of the methods described herein, the additional VOCs in combination with other ingredients may be selected from the group consisting of: one or more additional VOCs from group A, one or more additional VOCs from group B, one or more additional VOCs from group C, one or more additional VOCs from group D, and mixtures thereof. In any of the methods described herein, the additional VOCs may be selected from the group consisting of: one or more additional VOCs from group E, one or more additional VOCs from group F, one or more additional VOCs from group G, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments of the methods described herein, the additional VOCs can include, for example, 30 or more (e.g., 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, or 40) additional VOCs in group a, 5 or more (e.g., 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) VOCs in group B, optionally 1 or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or 11) VOCs in group C, and optionally 1 or more (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or more) VOCs in group D.

In any of the methods described herein, the additional VOCs in combination with other ingredients may be selected from the group consisting of group P compounds. In any of the methods described herein, the additional VOCs in combination with other ingredients may be selected from the group consisting of group Q compounds. In any of the methods described herein, the additional VOCs in combination with other ingredients may be selected from the group consisting of group R compounds. In any of the methods described herein, the additional VOCs in combination with other ingredients may be selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 1-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-heptanone, 2-isopropyl-3-methoxypyrazine, 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-nonanol, 2-nonanone, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 2-undecanone, 3, 7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acid, 3-carene, 4-terpenol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 4-ethylphenol, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, alpha ionone, alpha-methyl ethyl ketone, Pentanol, amyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, (-) a-pinene, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, beta-ionone, (-) beta-pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, butanol, butyl formate, butyl isovalerate, butyric acid, carvone, cinnamaldehyde, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, (-) cis rose ether, citronellol, damascenone, capric acid, delta-decalactone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, Ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, (methylthio) acetate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eucalyptol, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, γ -decalactone, γ -nonalactone, γ -terpinene, geraniol, geranylacetone, guaiacol, heptyl acetate, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyrate, isovaleraldehyde, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methylthio propionaldehyde, and the like, Methyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, myrtenol, nonanal, octanoic acid, p-anisic aldehyde, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, phenethyl octanoate, phenethyl propionate, propanol, propionaldehyde, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, valeraldehyde, vanillyl ether, whiskey lactone, butyraldehyde, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, and nonanoic acid.

In some embodiments of any of the methods described herein, the non-volatile compound can include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: adipic acid, carnosine, catechin, cysteine, cystine, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, hesperetin, pantothenic acid, piperine, polydatin, quercetin, resveratrol, sinapic acid, valine, xylose, and mixtures thereof. In any of the methods described herein, the non-volatile compound may lack a non-volatile compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adenine, AMP, choline, ellagic acid, homoserine, methyl gallate, pyridoxine, quinic acid, and salicylic acid, and mixtures thereof.

In any of the methods described herein, the non-volatile compound may be selected from the group consisting of: one or more compounds from group K, one or more compounds from group L, and mixtures thereof. In any of the methods described herein, the non-volatile compounds can include, for example, a combination of at least three (e.g., at least five, at least eight, or at least ten) compounds in group K and at least one (e.g., at least two, at least three, at least five, or at least ten) compounds in group L. For example, in some embodiments of the methods described herein, the non-volatile compounds can include all non-volatile compounds in group K and one non-volatile compound from group L.

In some embodiments of any of the methods herein, the non-volatile compounds in the whisky mimic may also include kelp extract. In some embodiments, the amount of kelp extract included in the whiskey mimetic is from 0.05% to about 0.5% (volume of kelp extract/volume of whiskey mimetic) (e.g., from about 0.05% to about 0.1%, from about 0.1% to about 0.2%, from about 0.2% to about 0.3%, from about 0.3% to about 0.4%, from about 0.4% to about 0.5%, from about 0.1% to about 0.3%, or from about 0.3% to about 0.5% (v/v)).

This document also provides methods for preparing kelp extracts. Without being bound by any theory, it is believed that kelp (e.g., laminaria japonica, kelp (saccharana japonica) may impart smoky flavor to a whisky imitation (e.g., peat-flavored scotch whisky imitated from, for example, islets of elaeagnus (Island)) hi addition, without being bound by any theory, it is believed that sulfur-and/or bromine-containing compounds (e.g., bromophenol) contribute to this flavor from kelp a process of preparing a kelp extract may include combining a plurality of kelp pieces with ethanol, incubating the plurality of kelp pieces with ethanol for a period of time (e.g., about 30 minutes to about 1 hour, about 1 hour to about 2 hours, about 1 hour to about 3 hours, about 3 hours to about 5 hours, about 5 hours to about 10 hours, about 1 hour to about 12 hours, or about 12 hours to about 24 hours) to produce a kelp extract mixture, and removing solids in the kelp extract mixture to produce a kelp extract in some embodiments, the herba Zosterae Marinae may be Laminaria japonica. In some embodiments, the kelp block is wet. In some embodiments, the kelp pieces (when wet or dry) are combined with ethanol in a mass to volume ratio of about 5% to about 70% (e.g., about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 20%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%, about 50% to about 60%, about 60% to about 70%, about 5% to about 15%, about 15% to about 25%, about 25% to about 35%, about 35% to about 45%, about 45% to about 55%, or about 55% to about 65%). In some embodiments, the incubating step may include shaking, mixing, rotating, or stirring. In some embodiments, the removing step may comprise gravity settling, filtration, and/or centrifugation.

This document also provides methods for making oak extracts. Without being bound by any theory, it is believed that oak (e.g., american oak) can provide a flavor that mimics the process of aging wine in oak barrels. In some embodiments, a method of making an oak extract may include combining a plurality of oak pieces with ethanol, incubating the plurality of oak pieces with ethanol for a period of time (e.g., from about 1 hour to about 6 hours, from about 6 hours to about 12 hours, from about 1 hour to about 12 hours, from about 12 hours to about 1 day, from about 12 hours to about 2 days, from about 1 day to about 2 days, from about 2 days to about 3 days, from about 3 days to about 4 days, or from about 4 days to about 5 days) to make an oak extract mixture, and removing solids from the oak extract mixture to make an oak extract. In some embodiments, the oak pieces may be ground oak, oak dust, or oak chunks. In some embodiments, the plurality of oak blocks may be combined with ethanol at a mass to volume ratio of about 0.05% to about 25% (e.g., about 0.05% to about 0.1%, about 0.1% to about 0.5%, about 0.5% to about 1%, about 1% to about 2%, about 2% to about 4%, about 4% to about 6%, about 6% to about 8%, about 8% to about 10%, about 1% to about 5%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 15%, about 15% to about 20%, or about 20% to about 25%). In some embodiments, the incubating step may include shaking, mixing, rotating, or stirring. In some embodiments, the incubation step can be performed in the dark. In some embodiments, the removing step may comprise gravity settling, filtration, and/or centrifugation.

This document also provides a method for producing a concentrated form of any of the whisky-like alcoholic beverages disclosed here, wherein the concentrated form includes all additional VOC and non-volatile components of the final product, but does not include substantial amounts of ethanol and water. Such concentrates can be manufactured and then shipped to a second location where water and ethanol can be added in the appropriate ABV and volume to produce a finished product.

Any suitable concentration of additional VOC and non-volatile compounds may be used. For example, a concentrated whiskey-like alcoholic beverage may include additional VOC and non-volatile components at a concentration that is at least 1.1 times (e.g., 1.2 times, 1.3 times, 1.5 times, 1.6 times, 1.7 times, 1.8 times, 1.9 times, 2 times, 3 times, 5 times, 8 times, 10 times, 15 times, or 20 times the concentration in the final product so that they may be diluted at least about 1.1 times (e.g., 1.2 times, 1.3 times, 1.5 times, 1.6 times, 1.7 times, 1.8 times, 1.9 times, 2 times, 5 times, 8 times, 10 times, 15 times, or 20 times) with water and ethanol, respectively, to yield the final product. But omitting water and a large amount of ethanol. It should be noted that in some cases, an amount of ethanol may be included in the concentrate in order to facilitate the dissolution of the additional VOC and non-volatile compounds.

Any of the whisky-like alcoholic beverages described herein can be prepared in concentrate form, for example, using the methods disclosed herein. It is to be understood that the amount of any component (e.g., additional VOCs or non-volatiles) disclosed herein as an amount of an alcohol beverage replica (e.g., 1X alcohol beverage replica) can be multiplied by a concentration factor of an appropriate concentration amount (e.g., 1.1 times, 1.2 times, 1.3 times, 1.5 times, 1.6 times, 1.7 times, 1.8 times, 1.9 times, 2 times, 3 times, 5 times, 8 times, 10 times, 15 times, or 20 times).

Illustrative embodiments

Example 1 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising ethanol; water; and one or more additional Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), wherein the one or more additional VOCs are present in the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage in a total amount of less than about 100 mg/L.

Embodiment 2 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 1, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, (ethylcyclopentenolone) 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1, 4-cineole, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, allyl heptanoate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, b-caryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, Cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, citronellal, D-carvone, D-fenchone, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, furfuryl thioacetate, gamma-caprolactone, gamma-valerolactone, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), L-menthyl acetate, maltol, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl anthranilate, methylcyclopentenolone, p-anisaldehyde, perillaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propionaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, and vanillyl butyl ether.

Embodiment 3 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 1, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, butyraldehyde, maltol, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

Embodiment 4 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 1, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, maltol and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

Embodiment 5 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-4 wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol.

Embodiment 6 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as recited in any of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 7 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 8 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, (ethylcyclopentenolone) 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1, 4-cineole, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, allyl heptanoate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, b-caryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, Cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, citronellal, D-carvone, D-fenchone, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, furfuryl thioacetate, gamma-caprolactone, gamma-valerolactone, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), L-menthyl acetate, maltol, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl anthranilate, methylcyclopentenolone, p-anisaldehyde, perillaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propionaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, and vanillyl butyl ether.

Embodiment 9 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 8, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, butyraldehyde, maltol, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

Embodiment 10 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 8, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, maltol and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

Embodiment 11 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 8 to 10 wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol.

Embodiment 12 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 11, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 13 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 11 wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 14 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol.

Embodiment 15 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 14, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not include at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 16 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 14, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 17 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 through 16, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

Embodiment 18 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise no more than six of: butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

Embodiment 19 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-18, wherein 1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L.

Embodiment 20 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-19, wherein 1-decanol is present in an amount less than about 0.0018 mg/L.

Embodiment 21 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-20, wherein the 2, 3-pentanedione is present in an amount of at least about 0.0015 mg/L.

Embodiment 22 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-21, wherein 2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.25mg/L or 2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount of at least about 1050 mg/L.

Embodiment 23 is a whiskey-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 22, wherein 3-carene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L.

Embodiment 24 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 23, wherein the 4-terpene alcohol is present in an amount of at least about 0.0046 mg/L.

Embodiment 25 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-24, wherein 4-ethylphenol is present in an amount of at least about 1.7 mg/L.

Embodiment 26 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-25, wherein acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L.

Embodiment 27 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 26 wherein pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L.

Embodiment 28 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-27, wherein amyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0005 mg/L.

Embodiment 29 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 28 wherein the a-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0022 mg/L.

Embodiment 30 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the beta-viologen is present in an amount of at least about 0.084 mg/L.

Embodiment 31 is a whisky alcohol beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 30, wherein the beta-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0003 mg/L.

Embodiment 32 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-31, wherein butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.23 mg/L.

Embodiment 33 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-32, wherein the butyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L.

Embodiment 34 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-33 wherein butyric acid is present in an amount of at least about 2.86 mg/L.

Embodiment 35 is a whiskey-like alcoholic beverage as in any one of embodiments 1-34, wherein carvone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L.

Embodiment 36 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-35 wherein cinnamaldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.04 mg/L.

Embodiment 37 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-36, wherein the damascone is present in an amount of at least about 0.14 mg/L.

Embodiment 38 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-37, wherein the delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L.

Embodiment 39 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-38 wherein ethyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 4.7mg/L or ethyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 785 mg/L.

Example 40 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of examples 1 to 39 wherein ethyl heptanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L.

Embodiment 41 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 40 wherein ethyl isobutyrate is present in an amount of at least 5.5 mg/L.

Embodiment 42 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-41 wherein the ethyl pelargonate is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L.

Embodiment 43 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-42 wherein ethyl undecanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.19 mg/L.

Embodiment 44 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-43, wherein γ -decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg/L.

Embodiment 45 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-44 wherein gamma-terpinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.06 mg/L.

Embodiment 46 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-45 wherein hexanol is present in an amount less than about 0.013 mg/L.

Embodiment 47 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-46 wherein isoamyl acetate is present at less than about 0.17 mg/L.

Embodiment 48 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-47, wherein isoamyl octanoate is present at less than about 0.0005 mg/L.

Example 49 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of examples 1-48 wherein linalyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L.

Embodiment 50 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-49 wherein methyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.006 mg/L.

Embodiment 51 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-46, wherein the myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L.

Embodiment 52 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-51, wherein the propanol is present in an amount less than about 9.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 53 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-52, wherein the geraniol is present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L.

Embodiment 54 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-53, wherein isobutyraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 4.4 mg/L.

Embodiment 55 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-54 wherein pelargonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L.

Embodiment 56 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-55, wherein the ethyl benzoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.055 mg/L.

Embodiment 57 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 56 wherein valeraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.0002 mg/L.

Embodiment 58 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-57, wherein less than about 0.000022% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1-decanol.

Embodiment 59 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 through 58, wherein less than about 0.00009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl nonanoate.

Embodiment 60 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1-59, wherein less than about 0.00016% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is hexanol.

Embodiment 61 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-60, wherein less than about 0.0008% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is myrtenol.

Embodiment 62 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-61 wherein at least about 0.0006% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is pentanal.

Embodiment 63 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 62, wherein at least about 0.001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is β -pinene.

Embodiment 64 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-63 wherein at least about 0.0015% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate.

Embodiment 65 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 64, wherein at least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene.

Embodiment 66 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-65, wherein at least about 0.0045% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2, 3-pentanedione.

Embodiment 67 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 through 66, wherein at least about 0.018% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methyl hexanoate.

Embodiment 68 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 67, wherein at least about 0.007% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-pinene.

Embodiment 69 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1-68, wherein at least about 004% of the one or more additional VOCs, by mass, are acetoin.

Embodiment 70 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 through 69, wherein at least about 0.12% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is cinnamaldehyde.

Embodiment 71 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-70 wherein at least about 0.157% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate.

Embodiment 72 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-71 wherein at least about 0.024% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl alcohol.

Embodiment 73 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-72, wherein at least about 0.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is damascone.

Embodiment 74 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-73, wherein at least about 0.83% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is delta-decalactone.

Embodiment 75 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-74, wherein at least about 0.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol.

Embodiment 76 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise:

example esters;

example alcohol;

examples aldehydes, ketones or mixtures thereof; and

examples terpenes, isoprenoids, or mixtures thereof.

Embodiment 77 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 16 wherein the one or more additional VOCs further comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acids, alcohols, phenols, lactones, thiols, or ethers.

Embodiment 78 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more esters.

Embodiment 79 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 78 wherein the one or more esters are selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, amyl butyrate, benzyl acetate, butyl formate, butyl isovalerate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, linalyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, methyl valerate, benzyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, amyl acetate, benzyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl myristate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, Phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl octanoate, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, phenylethyl formate, propyl acetate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, (methylthio) ethyl acetate, heptyl acetate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, methyl acetate, and phenylethyl propionate.

Embodiment 80 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 and 78-79, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more acids.

Embodiment 81 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 80 wherein the one or more acids are selected from the group consisting of: 3, 7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acid, butyric acid, capric acid, isobutyric acid, caprylic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid and pelargonic acid.

Embodiment 82 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 and 78-81, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more alcohols.

Embodiment 83 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 82, wherein the one or more alcohols are selected from the group consisting of: 1-octanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-nonanol, 2-phenylethanol, butanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, pentanol, butanol, hexanol, isopentanol, isobutanol and propanol.

Embodiment 84 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 and 78-83 wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more aldehydes or ketones.

Embodiment 85 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 84, wherein the one or more aldehydes or ketones are selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetaldehyde, acetoin, benzaldehyde, butyraldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, damascenone, furfural, isovaleraldehyde, maltol, nonanal, trans-2-hexen-1-al, isobutyraldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 2-heptanone, acetophenone, methylthiopropionaldehyde, valeraldehyde, propionaldehyde, and p-anisaldehyde.

Embodiment 86 is a whiskey-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 and 78-85, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more terpenes or isoprenoids.

Embodiment 87 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 86, wherein the one or more terpenes or isoprenoids are selected from the group consisting of: 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, alpha ionone, a-phellandrene, (-) alpha-pinene, a-terpineol, beta-ionone, (-) beta-pinene, carvone, (-) cis-rose ether, citronellol, gamma-terpinene, limonene, linalool oxide, myrcene, myrtenol, p-cymene, farnesol, geraniol, geranylacetone and eucalyptol.

Embodiment 99 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 and 78-87, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more phenols.

Embodiment 100 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 99, wherein the one or more phenols are selected from the group consisting of: 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, eugenol, guaiacol and p-cresol.

Embodiment 101 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 and 78-100, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more lactones.

Embodiment 102 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 101, wherein the one or more lactones are selected from the group consisting of: delta-decalactone, gamma-decalactone, whiskey lactone, and gamma-nonalactone.

Embodiment 103 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 and 78-102, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more mercaptans.

Embodiment 104 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 103, wherein the one or more thiols comprise dimethyl sulfide.

Embodiment 105 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-16 and 78-104, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more ethers.

Embodiment 106 is a whiskey-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 105, wherein the one or more ethers comprises vanillyl ethyl ether.

Embodiment 107 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 106 wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, furfural, γ -decalactone, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethylbutyrate and whiskey lactone.

Embodiment 108 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 107, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2, 3-pentanedione, acetaldehyde, pentanol, butyl formate, butyric acid, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl isobutyrate, eugenol, gamma-terpinene, linalool oxide, maltol, and propanol.

Embodiment 109 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 107 or embodiment 108, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-nonanone, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylphenol, delta-decalactone, ethyl heptanoate, guaiacol, isoamyl acetate, linalool and linalyl acetate.

Embodiment 110 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 107 to 109, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-octanol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-undecanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, amyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, benzyl acetate, butyraldehyde, carvone, citronellol, damascenone, decanoic acid, diethyl malate, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, farnesol, gamma-nonalactone, geraniol, geranylacetone, hexanoic acid, hexanol, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, Methylthiopropanal, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, myrtenol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, p-anisaldehyde, phenethyl formate, phenethyl octanoate, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, valeraldehyde, pentanoic acid, and vanillyl ether.

Embodiment 111 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-110 wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise five or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, acetaldehyde, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, phenyl ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, guaiacol, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl octanoate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, guaiacol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, limonene, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenyl-ethyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, Linalool, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, and whiskey lactone.

Embodiment 112 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 111, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2-heptanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, isobutyraldehyde, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, p-cymene, phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl formate, propanol, propyl acetate and vanillyl ether.

Embodiment 113 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 through 112, wherein the one or more additional VOCs have less than about 95% identity to a VOC in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 114 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 113, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprises at least 61 additional VOCs and wherein no more than 60 of the additional VOCs are found in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 115 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1-114, further comprising one or more non-volatile compounds.

Embodiment 116 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 115, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: adipic acid, carnosine, catechin, cysteine, cystine, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, hesperetin, pantothenic acid, piperine, polydatin, quercetin, resveratrol, sinapic acid, valine, and xylose.

Embodiment 117 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 115 or embodiment 116, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise ribose in an amount less than about 6 mg/L.

Embodiment 118 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 117, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise fructose in an amount less than about 3.1 mg/L.

Embodiment 119 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 118, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise vanillin in an amount less than about 0.12 mg/L.

Embodiment 120 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115 to 119, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise syringaldehyde in an amount less than about 0.2 mg/L.

Embodiment 121 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 120, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise sorbitol in an amount of at least about 5.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 122 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115 to 121, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise mannitol in an amount of at least about 7.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 123 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115 to 122, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise glucose in an amount of at least about 120 mg/L.

Embodiment 124 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 123, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise acetovanillone in an amount less than about 0.12 mg/L.

Embodiment 125 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 124, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise acetovanillone in an amount of at least about 0.43 mg/L.

Embodiment 126 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115 to 125, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise choline in an amount less than about 0.12 mg/L.

Embodiment 127 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115-126, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise choline in an amount of at least about 2.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 128 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 127, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds include glucosamine in an amount less than about 0.014 mg/L.

Embodiment 129 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 128, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds include glucosamine in an amount of at least about 0.55 mg/L.

Embodiment 130 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 129, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise citric acid in an amount of at least about 8.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 131 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 130, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise fumaric acid in an amount less than about 0.03 mg/L.

Embodiment 132 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 131, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise fumaric acid in an amount of at least about 0.65 mg/L.

Embodiment 133 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115 to 132, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise proline in an amount less than about 0.09 mg/L.

Embodiment 134 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 133, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise GABA in an amount less than about 0.01 mg/L.

Embodiment 135 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115 to 134, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise trans-ferulic acid in an amount of less than about 0.35 mg/L.

Embodiment 136 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 135, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise kelp or kelp extract.

Embodiment 137 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 164 to 180, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise glycerin, gum arabic, or both glycerin and gum arabic.

Embodiment 138 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115 to 137 wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise 10 or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 4-O-pentopyranosyl pentopyranose, puerarin A, catechin, chlorogenic acid, cinchonin Ia, cinnamon tannin A4, cinnamon tannin B1, cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, D (-) -amygdalin, digallate glycoside, digallic acid, ellagic acid, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, epigallocatechin gallate, eriodictyol, etophenone, ferulic acid, gallic acid, cotton cellulose, isorhamnetin, candelin A2, linoleic acid, luteolin, mulberroside A, naringenin, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, p-coumaroyl quinic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, phloretin, phlorizin, procyanidin A2, procyanidin B2, procyanidin C1, quercetin glycoside, quercetin, Quercetin-3 beta-D-glucoside, rhamnose oxazine-3-O-rutinoside, rutin, syringic acid, tannic acid, tetragalloyl glucose, polyester catechin A, tiliroside, trigallacyl glucose and vanillic acid.

Embodiment 139 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115 to 138, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: d-glucuronic acid, fructose, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid.

Embodiment 140 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 115 to 139, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acetovanillone, choline, fumaric acid, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), gallic acid, glucosamine, inositol, mannitol, mannose, proline, ribose, sorbitol, syringaldehyde, syringanic acid, trans-ferulic acid, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, and vanillin.

Embodiment 141 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 140, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds have less than about 60% identity to non-volatile compounds in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 142 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 115 to 141, comprising 10 or more non-volatile compounds, wherein no more than 9 of the non-volatile compounds are found in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 143 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 142, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage does not comprise one or more of the following: escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Brettanomyces species, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces species, Acremonium, Pediobolus cerevisiae, Cladosporium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella alpina, Mucor pusillus, Paecilomyces viridis, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium fulvum, Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium purpurogenum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma viride, Verticillium Agaricus campestris, molds, rot, insects, insect eggs, insect foulants, rodent foulants, mammalian excreta, insect lecithin, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen disulfide, 2,4, 6-trichloroanisole, 2,4, 6-tribromoanisole, xanthotoxin mold, Aishi agent, Dielder agent, benzene hexachloride, chlordane, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichlorodiphenylethylene (DDE), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (TDE), dimethylnitrosamine (nitrosodimethylamine), Dibromoethane (EDB), heptachloro, epoxy heptachloro, lindane, mercury, methanol, ethylene glycol, methylene chloride and heavy metals.

Embodiment 144 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is suitable:

1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L;

1-decanol is present in an amount less than about 0.0018 mg/L;

2, 3-pentanedione is present in an amount of at least about 0.0015 mg/L;

2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.23 mg/L;

2-methyl-1-butanol is present in an amount of at least about 1050 mg/L;

the 3-carene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L;

the 4-terpene alcohol is present in an amount of at least about 0.0046 mg/L;

4-ethylphenol is present in an amount of at least about 1.7 mg/L;

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

pentyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0005 mg/L;

a-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0022 mg/L;

beta-viologen is present in an amount of at least about 0.084 mg/L;

beta-pinene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0003 mg/L;

butanol is present in an amount less than about 0.23 mg/L;

butyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L;

butyric acid is present in an amount of at least about 2.86 mg/L;

carvone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L;

cinnamaldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.04 mg/L;

damascone is present in an amount of at least about 0.14 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L;

ethyl acetate is present in an amount less than about 4.7 mg/L;

Ethyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 785 mg/L;

ethyl heptanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L;

ethyl isobutyrate is present in an amount of at least 5.5 mg/L;

the ethyl pelargonate is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L;

ethyl undecanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.19 mg/L;

gamma-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.4 mg/L;

gamma-terpinene present in an amount of at least about 0.06 mg/L;

hexanol is present in an amount less than about 0.013 mg/L;

isoamyl acetate present in an amount less than about 0.17 mg/L;

isoamyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0005 mg/L;

linalyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L;

methyl hexanoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.006 mg/L;

myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L;

propanol is present in an amount less than about 9.8 mg/L;

geraniol is present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L;

isobutyraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 4.4 mg/L;

pelargonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L;

the ethyl benzoate is present in an amount of at least about 0.055 mg/L;

valeraldehyde is present in an amount of at least about 0.0002 mg/L;

less than about 0.000022% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 1-decanol;

less than about 0.00009% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is ethyl nonanoate;

Less than about 0.00016% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is hexanol;

less than about 0.0008% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is myrtenol;

at least about 0.0006% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is valeraldehyde;

at least about 0.001% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is β -pinene;

at least about 0.0015% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate;

at least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene;

at least about 0.0045% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 2, 3-pentanedione;

at least about 0.018% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is methyl hexanoate;

at least about 0.007% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is a-pinene;

at least about 004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin;

at least about 0.12% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is cinnamaldehyde;

at least about 0.157% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate;

at least about 0.024% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is pentanol;

At least about 0.13% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is damascenone;

at least about 0.83% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is delta-decalactone; or

At least about 0.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol.

Embodiment 145 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is suitable:

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L; or

Myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L; or

At least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene.

Embodiment 146 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is suitable:

1, 1-diethoxyethane is present in an amount of at least about 5 mg/L;

the 3-carene is present in an amount of at least about 0.0013 mg/L;

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

pentyl butyrate is present in an amount of at least about 0.0005 mg/L;

Butyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.97 mg/L;

carvone is present in an amount of at least about 0.0042 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L;

linalyl acetate is present in an amount of at least about 0.05 mg/L;

myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L;

geraniol is present in an amount of at least about 0.26 mg/L;

pelargonic acid is present in an amount of at least about 0.09 mg/L;

at least about 0.0015% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is amyl butyrate;

at least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene; or

At least about 0.8% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is geraniol.

Embodiment 147 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the following in any combination is suitable:

acetoin is present in an amount of at least about 0.014 mg/L;

pentanol is present in an amount of at least about 0.076 mg/L;

delta-decalactone is present in an amount of at least about 0.27 mg/L;

ethyl heptanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.003 mg/L;

the ethyl pelargonate is present in an amount less than about 0.0075 mg/L;

hexanol is present in an amount less than about 0.013 mg/L;

isoamyl acetate present in an amount less than about 0.17 mg/L;

Isoamyl octanoate is present in an amount less than about 0.0005 mg/L;

myrtenol is present in an amount less than about 0.065 mg/L;

propanol is present in an amount less than about 9.8 mg/L;

at least about 0.0041% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is 3-carene;

at least about 004% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is acetoin;

at least about 0.157% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is linalyl acetate; or

At least about 0.83% by mass of the one or more additional VOCs is delta-decalactone.

Embodiment 148 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144 to 147, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise butyl formate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl 2-methyl butyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, and isobutanol.

Embodiment 149 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144 to 147, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise an ester, an alcohol, an aldehyde, a ketone, or a mixture thereof, and a terpene, an isoprenoid, or a mixture thereof.

Embodiment 150 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144 to 147, wherein the one or more additional VOCs further comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acids, alcohols, phenols, lactones, thiols, or ethers.

Embodiment 151 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144 to 147, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more esters.

Embodiment 152 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in embodiment 151 wherein the one or more esters are selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl isovalerate, 2-phenylethyl acetate, amyl butyrate, benzyl acetate, butyl formate, butyl isovalerate, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isobutyrate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, linalyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, methyl valerate, benzyl acetate, methyl decanoate, methyl laurate, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, amyl acetate, benzyl acetate, butyl acetate, ethyl myristate, ethyl propionate, ethyl salicylate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, ethyl propionate, isoamyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, Phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl octanoate, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxyhexanoate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, phenylethyl formate, propyl acetate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, (methylthio) ethyl acetate, heptyl acetate, isoamyl isobutyrate, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, methyl acetate, and phenylethyl propionate.

Embodiment 153 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144-147 and 151-152, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more acids.

Embodiment 154 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 153, wherein the one or more acids are selected from the group consisting of: 3, 7-dimethyl-6-octenoic acid, butyric acid, capric acid, isobutyric acid, caprylic acid, propionic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid and pelargonic acid.

Embodiment 155 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 144-147 and 151-154, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more alcohols.

Embodiment 156 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 155, wherein the one or more alcohols are selected from the group consisting of: 1-octanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-nonanol, 2-phenylethanol, butanol, cis-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, pentanol, butanol, hexanol, isopentanol, isobutanol and propanol.

Embodiment 157 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 144-147 and 151-156, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more aldehydes or ketones.

Embodiment 158 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 157, wherein the one or more aldehydes or ketones are selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methylbutyraldehyde, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, acetaldehyde, acetoin, benzaldehyde, butyraldehyde, cinnamaldehyde, damascenone, furfural, isovaleraldehyde, maltol, nonanal, trans-2-hexen-1-al, isobutyraldehyde, salicylaldehyde, 2-heptanone, acetophenone, methylthiopropionaldehyde, valeraldehyde, propionaldehyde, and p-anisaldehyde.

Embodiment 159 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 144-147 and 151-158, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more terpenes or isoprenoids.

Embodiment 160 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 159, wherein the one or more terpenes or isoprenoids are selected from the group consisting of: 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylguaiacol, alpha ionone, a-phellandrene, (-) alpha-pinene, a-terpineol, beta-ionone, (-) beta-pinene, carvone, (-) cis-rose ether, citronellol, gamma-terpinene, limonene, linalool oxide, myrcene, myrtenol, p-cymene, farnesol, geraniol, geranylacetone and eucalyptol.

Embodiment 161 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144-147 and 151-160, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more phenols.

Embodiment 162 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 161, wherein the one or more phenols are selected from the group consisting of: 2-methoxy-4-propylphenol, 4-ethylphenol, eugenol, guaiacol and p-cresol.

Embodiment 163 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144-147 and 151-162, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more lactones.

Embodiment 164 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 163, wherein the one or more lactones are selected from the group consisting of: delta-decalactone, gamma-decalactone, whiskey lactone, and gamma-nonalactone.

Embodiment 165 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 144-147 and 151-164, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more mercaptans.

Embodiment 166 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 165, wherein the one or more thiols comprise dimethyl sulfide.

Embodiment 167 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 144-147 and 151-166, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise one or more ethers.

Embodiment 168 is a whiskey-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 167, wherein the one or more ethers comprises vanillyl ethyl ether.

Embodiment 169 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144 to 168, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, furfural, γ -decalactone, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethylbutyrate and whiskey lactone.

Embodiment 170 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 169, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2, 3-pentanedione, acetaldehyde, pentanol, butyl formate, butyric acid, cinnamaldehyde, ethyl isobutyrate, eugenol, gamma-terpinene, linalool oxide, maltol, and propanol.

Embodiment 171 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 169 or embodiment 170, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-nonanone, 3-carene, 4-terpene alcohol, 4-ethylphenol, delta-decalactone, ethyl heptanoate, guaiacol, isoamyl acetate, linalool and linalyl acetate.

Embodiment 172 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 169 to 171, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-octanol, 2-heptanone, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl aldehyde, 2-undecanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, amyl butyrate, a-phellandrene, a-pinene, benzyl acetate, butyraldehyde, carvone, citronellol, damascenone, decanoic acid, diethyl malate, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl benzoate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl palmitate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, farnesol, gamma-nonalactone, geraniol, geranylacetone, hexanoic acid, hexanol, isoamyl isovalerate, isobutyl isobutyrate, isobutyraldehyde, isobutyric acid, isovaleraldehyde, isovaleric acid, Methylthiopropanal, methyl decanoate, methyl hexanoate, methyl laurate, myrtenol, nonanal, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, p-anisaldehyde, phenethyl formate, phenethyl octanoate, propionaldehyde, propionic acid, propyl acetate, salicylaldehyde, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, valeraldehyde, pentanoic acid, and vanillyl ether.

Embodiment 173 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144 to 168, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise five or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, acetaldehyde, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, phenyl ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, ethyl valerate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, guaiacol, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, limonene, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl octanoate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, guaiacol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutyl acetate, limonene, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenyl-ethyl acetate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, methyl-ethyl hexanoate, Linalool, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, and whiskey lactone.

Embodiment 174 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 173, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 2-heptanone, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetoin, acetophenone, diethyl malate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, isobutyraldehyde, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, p-cymene, phenylethyl butyrate, phenylethyl formate, propanol, propyl acetate and vanillyl ether.

Embodiment 175 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144 to 168, wherein the one or more additional VOCs have less than about 95% identity to VOCs in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 176 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144 to 175, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprises at least 61 additional VOCs and wherein no more than 60 of the additional VOCs are found in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 177 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 144-176, further comprising one or more non-volatile compounds.

Embodiment 178 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 177, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: adipic acid, carnosine, catechin, cysteine, cystine, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, hesperetin, pantothenic acid, piperine, polydatin, quercetin, resveratrol, sinapic acid, valine, and xylose.

Embodiment 179 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 178, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of valine and xylose.

Embodiment 180 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 177, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adenine, AMP, choline, ellagic acid, homoserine, methyl gallate, pyridoxine, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 181 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as recited in embodiment 180, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, AMP, ellagic acid, homoserine, gallic acid methyl ester, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 182 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 177 to 181, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise ribose in an amount less than about 6 mg/L.

Embodiment 183 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 177 to 182, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise fructose in an amount less than about 3.1 mg/L.

Embodiment 184 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 183, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise vanillin in an amount less than about 0.12 mg/L.

Embodiment 185 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 177 to 184, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise syringaldehyde in an amount less than about 0.2 mg/L.

Embodiment 186 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 177 to 185, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise sorbitol in an amount of at least about 5.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 187 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 177-186, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise mannitol in an amount of at least about 7.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 188 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 187, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise glucose in an amount of at least about 120 mg/L.

Embodiment 189 is a whiskey-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 188, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise acetovanillone in an amount less than about 0.12 mg/L.

Embodiment 190 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 189, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise acetovanillone in an amount of at least about 0.43 mg/L.

Embodiment 191 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 177 to 190, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise choline in an amount less than about 0.12 mg/L.

Embodiment 192 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 177 to 191, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise choline in an amount of at least about 2.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 193 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 177 to 192, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise glucosamine in an amount less than about 0.014 mg/L.

Embodiment 194 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 177 to 193, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise glucosamine in an amount of at least about 0.55 mg/L.

Embodiment 195 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 194, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise citric acid in an amount of at least about 8.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 196 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 177 to 195, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise fumaric acid in an amount less than about 0.03 mg/L.

Embodiment 197 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 196, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise fumaric acid in an amount of at least about 0.65 mg/L.

Embodiment 198 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 177 to 197, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise proline in an amount less than about 0.09 mg/L.

Embodiment 199 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 198, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise GABA in an amount less than about 0.01 mg/L.

Embodiment 200 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 199, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise trans-ferulic acid in an amount less than about 0.35 mg/L.

Embodiment 201 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 200, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise kelp or kelp extract.

Embodiment 202 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 201, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise glycerol, gum arabic, or both glycerol and gum arabic.

Embodiment 203 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 177 to 202, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: d-glucuronic acid, fructose, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid.

Embodiment 204 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 177 to 203, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acetovanillone, choline, fumaric acid, GABA, gallic acid, glucosamine, inositol, mannitol, mannose, proline, ribose, sorbitol, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, and vanillin.

Embodiment 205 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177-204, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds have less than about 60% identity to non-volatile compounds in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 206 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 177 to 205, comprising 10 or more non-volatile compounds, wherein no more than 9 of the non-volatile compounds are found in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 207 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 144 to 206, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage does not comprise one or more of the following: escherichia coli, Salmonella species, Brettanomyces species, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces species, Acremonium, Pediobolus cerealis, Cladosporium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum, Mortierella alpina, Mucor pekinensis, Paecilomyces viridis, Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium fulvum, Penicillium decumbens, Penicillium purpurogenum, Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Trichoderma viride, Verticillium Agaricus campestris, molds, rot, insects, insect eggs, insect foulings, rodent foulants, mammalian excreta, insect lecithin, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen disulfide, 2,4, 6-trichloroanisole, 2,4, 6-tribromoanisole, xanthotoxin mold, Aishi agent, Dielder agent, benzene hexachloride, chlordane, DDT, DDE, TDE, dimethylnitrosamine (nitrosodimethylamine), EDB, heptachlor, epoxy heptachlor, lindane, mercury, methanol, ethylene glycol, Dichloromethane and heavy metals.

Embodiment 208 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising ethanol, water, and one or more non-volatile compounds, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: adipic acid, carnosine, catechin, cysteine, cystine, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, hesperetin, pantothenic acid, piperine, polydatin, quercetin, resveratrol, sinapic acid, valine, and xylose.

Embodiment 209 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 208, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of valine and xylose.

Embodiment 210 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 208 or embodiment 209, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adenine, AMP, choline, ellagic acid, homoserine, methyl gallate, pyridoxine, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 211 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 208 or embodiment 209, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, AMP, ellagic acid, homoserine, gallic acid methyl ester, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 212 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising ethanol, water, and one or more non-volatile compounds, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds does not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adenine, AMP, choline, ellagic acid, homoserine, methyl gallate, pyridoxine, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 213 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of embodiment 212, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, AMP, ellagic acid, homoserine, gallic acid methyl ester, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 214 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 208-213, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise ribose in an amount less than about 6 mg/L.

Embodiment 215 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 208 to 214, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise fructose in an amount less than about 3.1 mg/L.

Embodiment 216 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 215, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise vanillin in an amount less than about 0.12 mg/L.

Embodiment 217 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 208 to 216, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise syringaldehyde in an amount less than about 0.2 mg/L.

Embodiment 218 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 217, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise sorbitol in an amount of at least about 5.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 219 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 218, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise mannitol in an amount of at least about 7.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 220 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 219, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise glucose in an amount of at least about 120 mg/L.

Embodiment 221 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 220, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise acetovanillone in an amount less than about 0.12 mg/L.

Embodiment 222 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 221, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise acetovanillone in an amount of at least about 0.43 mg/L.

Embodiment 223 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 222, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise choline in an amount less than about 0.12 mg/L.

Embodiment 224 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 208 to 223, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise choline in an amount of at least about 2.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 225 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 208-224, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds include glucosamine in an amount less than about 0.014 mg/L.

Embodiment 226 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 208-225, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds include glucosamine in an amount of at least about 0.55 mg/L.

Embodiment 227 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 208 to 226, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise citric acid in an amount of at least about 8.8 mg/L.

Embodiment 228 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 227, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise fumaric acid in an amount less than about 0.03 mg/L.

Embodiment 229 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 208 to 228 wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise fumaric acid in an amount of at least about 0.65 mg/L.

Embodiment 230 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 229, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise proline in an amount less than about 0.09 mg/L.

Embodiment 231 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 230, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise GABA in an amount less than about 0.01 mg/L.

Embodiment 232 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 231, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise trans-ferulic acid in an amount less than about 0.35 mg/L.

Embodiment 233 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 232, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise kelp or a kelp extract.

Embodiment 234 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 233, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise glycerol, gum arabic, or both glycerol and gum arabic.

Embodiment 235 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 208 to 234, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least five compounds selected from the group consisting of: d-glucuronic acid, fructose, glucose, lactic acid, malic acid, succinic acid and tartaric acid.

Embodiment 236 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 208 to 235, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: acetovanillone, choline, fumaric acid, GABA, gallic acid, glucosamine, inositol, mannitol, mannose, proline, ribose, sorbitol, syringaldehyde, syringic acid, trans-ferulic acid, tyrosine, valine, vanillic acid, and vanillin.

Embodiment 237 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 236, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds have less than about 60% identity to non-volatile compounds in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 238 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 208 to 237, comprising 10 or more non-volatile compounds, wherein no more than 9 of the non-volatile compounds are found in a single reference whisky.

Embodiment 239 is a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the method comprising providing an aqueous solution and adding to the aqueous solution ingredients comprising: ethanol, a tannin source, a plurality of oak blocks or oak extracts, non-volatile compounds, wherein the non-volatile compounds comprise a sugar or sugar alcohol and an acid, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise an ester, an alcohol, an aldehyde, or a ketone, or both, and a terpene, or an isoprenoid, or both.

Embodiment 240 is the method of embodiment 239, wherein the non-volatile compounds comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: adipic acid, carnosine, catechin, cysteine, cystine, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, hesperetin, pantothenic acid, piperine, polydatin, quercetin, resveratrol, sinapic acid, valine, and xylose.

Embodiment 241 is the method of embodiment 239, wherein the non-volatile compounds comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of valine and xylose.

Embodiment 242 is the method of any one of embodiments 239 to 241, wherein the non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adenine, AMP, choline, ellagic acid, homoserine, methyl gallate, pyridoxine, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 243 is the method of any one of embodiments 239 to 241, wherein the non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, AMP, ellagic acid, homoserine, gallic acid methyl ester, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 244 is the method of any one of embodiments 239 to 243, wherein the ingredients further comprise kelp or kelp extract.

Embodiment 245 is the method of embodiment 244, wherein the kelp is laminaria japonica.

Embodiment 246 is the method of any one of embodiments 239 to 245, wherein the ingredients further comprise glycerin, gum arabic, or both glycerin and gum arabic.

Embodiment 247 is the method of any one of embodiments 279 to 246, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, (ethylcyclopentenolone) 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1, 4-cineole, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, allyl heptanoate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, b-caryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, Cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, citronellal, D-carvone, D-fenchone, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, furfuryl thioacetate, gamma-caprolactone, gamma-valerolactone, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), L-menthyl acetate, maltol, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl anthranilate, methylcyclopentenolone, p-anisaldehyde, perillaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propionaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, and vanillyl butyl ether.

Embodiment 248 is the method of any one of embodiments 279 to 246, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, butyraldehyde, maltol, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

Embodiment 249 is the method of any one of embodiments 279 to 246, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, maltol and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

Embodiment 250 is the method of any one of embodiments 239 to 249, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol.

Embodiment 250 is the method of any one of embodiments 239 to 249, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 251 is the method of any one of embodiments 239 to 249, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 252 is the method of any one of embodiments 239 to 251, wherein the tannin source is a tannin powder.

Embodiment 253 is a method for making an oak extract comprising combining a plurality of oak pieces with ethanol, incubating the plurality of oak pieces with ethanol for a period of time to make an oak extract mixture, and removing solids from the oak extract mixture to make an oak extract.

Embodiment 254 is the method of embodiment 253, wherein the plurality of oak pieces comprises ground oak.

Embodiment 255 is the method of embodiment 253 or embodiment 254, wherein the period of time is about 12 hours to about 2 days.

Embodiment 256 is the method of any one of embodiments 253 to 255, wherein the plurality of oak pieces are combined with ethanol in a ratio of about 2% to about 4% (m/v).

Embodiment 257 is a method of making a kelp extract, comprising combining a plurality of kelp pieces with ethanol; incubating the plurality of pieces of kelp with ethanol for a period of time to produce a kelp extract mixture; and removing solids from the kelp extract mixture to produce a kelp extract.

Embodiment 258 is the method of embodiment 257, wherein the kelp is laminaria japonica.

Embodiment 259 is the method of embodiment 257 or embodiment 258, wherein the time period is about 1 hour to about 5 hours.

Embodiment 260 is the method of any one of embodiments 257 to 259, wherein the plurality of kelp blocks are wet.

Embodiment 261 is the method of any one of embodiments 257 to 260, wherein the plurality of kelp pieces are combined with ethanol in a ratio of about 25% to about 35% (m/v).

Embodiment 262 is a method for making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the method comprising combining water, one or more acids, one or more sugars, one or more sugar alcohols, one or more tannin components, one or more flavorants, ethanol, and five or more additional VOCs selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 2, 3-pentanedione, 2-heptanone, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, 3-carene, 4-ethylguaiacol, acetaldehyde, acetoin, acetophenone, pentanol, a-terpineol, benzaldehyde, β -ionone, β -pinene, butanol, butyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, δ -decalactone, diethyl malate, diethyl succinate, ethyl 3-hydroxycaproate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl laurate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl isovalerate, ethyl lactate, ethyl levulinate, ethyl myristate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl acetate, Ethyl propionate, ethyl trans-2-butenoate, ethyl undecanoate, ethyl valerate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, eugenol, furfural, γ -decalactone, γ -nonalactone, geraniol, guaiacol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol, isoamyl hexanoate, isoamyl octanoate, isobutanol, isobutyl acetate, isobutyraldehyde, limonene, linalool oxide, linalyl acetate, maltol, methylthiopropanal, methyl octanoate, methyl salicylate, myrcene, p-cresol, p-cymene, phenethyl butyrate, phenethyl formate, propanol, propyl acetate, vanillyl ether, and whiskey lactone.

Embodiment 263 is the method of embodiment 262, wherein the one or more acids comprise tartaric acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, and lactic acid.

Embodiment 264 is the method of embodiment 262 or embodiment 263, wherein the one or more sugars comprise ribose, fructose, and glucose.

Embodiment 265 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 264, wherein the one or more sugar alcohols comprises mannitol and inositol.

Embodiment 266 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 265, wherein the one or more tannin components comprise gallic acid.

Embodiment 267 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 266, wherein the one or more flavoring agents comprise vanillin and syringaldehyde.

Embodiment 268 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 267, wherein the additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: (1R) - (-) -myrtenal, (ethylcyclopentenolone) 3-ethyl-2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 1, 4-cineole, 2-acetyl-1-methylpyrrole, 2-isopropyl-4-methylthiazole, 3-methylthiohexyl acetate, 3-phenylpropionaldehyde, 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydro-3, 6-dimethylbenzofuran, 4-mercapto-4-methyl-2-pentanone, allyl heptanoate, anisyl acetate, anisyl butyrate, b-caryophyllene, benzyl alcohol, benzyl butyrate, benzyl formate, butyl butyryl lactate, butyl formate, butyraldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, Cis-3-hexenyl valerate, cis-6-nonen-1-ol, citronellal, D-carvone, D-fenchone, DL-3-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-trans-4-cis-decadienoate, ethyl trans-3-hexenoate, furfuryl thioacetate, gamma-caprolactone, gamma-valerolactone, hexyl 3-methylbutyrate, 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine), L-menthyl acetate, maltol, methionyl acetate (3-methylthio-propyl acetate), methyl anthranilate, methylcyclopentenolone, p-anisaldehyde, perillaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal, propionaldehyde, tetrahydrolinalool, trans-2-hexene-1-aldehyde, and vanillyl butyl ether.

Embodiment 268 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 267, wherein the additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, butyraldehyde, maltol, p-anisaldehyde, propionaldehyde and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

Embodiment 269 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 267, wherein the additional VOCs comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: butyl formate, maltol and trans-2-hexen-1-al.

Embodiment 270 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 269, wherein the additional VOCs do not comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 1, 1-diethoxyethane, 1-decanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methylbutyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, diethyl succinate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl cinnamate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl laurate, ethyl myristate, ethyl nonanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl propionate, ethyl pentanoate, eugenol, farnesol, furfural, geranylacetone, hexanol, isoamyl acetate, isoamyl octanoate, myrtenol and propanol.

Embodiment 271 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 269, wherein the additional VOCs do not comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 272 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 269, wherein the additional VOCs do not comprise one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: 2-methylbutyl acetate, geranylacetone and myrtenol.

Embodiment 273 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 272, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of: adipic acid, carnosine, catechin, cysteine, cystine, epicatechin gallate, epicatechin, hesperetin, pantothenic acid, piperine, polydatin, quercetin, resveratrol, sinapic acid, valine, and xylose.

Embodiment 274 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 272, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprises one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of valine and xylose.

Embodiment 275 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 274, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage does not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adenine, AMP, choline, ellagic acid, homoserine, methyl gallate, pyridoxine, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 276 is the method of any one of embodiments 262 to 274, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage does not comprise at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: 4-guanidinobutyric acid, AMP, ellagic acid, homoserine, gallic acid methyl ester, quinic acid, and salicylic acid.

Embodiment 277 is a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage comprising combining ingredients comprising water, ethanol, and five or more additional VOCs, wherein at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are provided as separate ingredients.

Embodiment 278 is the method of embodiment 277, comprising 10 or more additional VOCs, wherein at least 10 of the 10 or more additional VOCs are provided as separate components.

Embodiment 279 is the method of embodiment 277, comprising 15 or more additional VOCs, wherein at least 15 of the 15 or more additional VOCs are provided as separate components.

Embodiment 280 is the method of embodiment 277, comprising 20 or more additional VOCs, wherein at least 20 of the 20 or more additional VOCs are provided as separate components.

Embodiment 281 is the method of any of embodiments 277 to 280, wherein the ingredients further comprise a non-volatile compound.

Embodiment 282 is the method of embodiment 281, wherein the non-volatile compound is a sugar or sugar alcohol, an acid, a pH adjusting salt, a nucleobase or nucleotide monophosphate, an amino acid or derivative thereof, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 283 is the method of embodiment 282, wherein the acid comprises tartaric acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, lactic acid, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 284 is the method of embodiment 282 or embodiment 283, wherein the sugar or sugar alcohol comprises ribose, fructose, glucose, mannitol, inositol, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 285 is the method of any one of embodiments 282 to 284, wherein the pH adjusting salt comprises potassium hydroxide.

Embodiment 286 is the method of any one of embodiments 282 to 285, wherein the nucleobase or nucleotide monophosphate comprises adenine, guanine, guanosine monophosphate, inosine monophosphate, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 287 is the method of any one of embodiments 282 to 286, wherein the amino acid or derivative thereof comprises leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine, serine, aspartic acid, glucosamine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, carnitine, tryptophan, proline, valine, b-alanine, threonine, glutamine, asparagine, glutamic acid, cysteine, arginine, ornithine, trans 4-hydroxy-L-proline, citrulline, tyramine, or a combination thereof.

Embodiment 288 is the method of any one of embodiments 282 to 287, wherein the non-volatile compound comprises a colorant.

Embodiment 289 is the method of any one of embodiments 282 to 288, wherein the non-volatile compound comprises an emulsifier.

Embodiment 290 is the method of any one of embodiments 282 to 289, wherein the non-volatile compound comprises gum arabic.

Embodiment 291 is the method of any one of embodiments 282-290, wherein the non-volatile compounds comprise at least one non-volatile compound not present in a corresponding traditional alcoholic beverage.

Embodiment 292 is the method of any one of embodiments 282 to 291, wherein the non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one non-volatile compound present in a corresponding traditional alcoholic beverage.

Embodiment 293 is the method of any one of embodiments 282-292, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding traditional alcoholic beverage.

Embodiment 294 is the method of any one of embodiments 282-293, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one VOC present in a corresponding traditional alcoholic beverage.

Embodiment 295 is the method of any one of embodiments 282 to 294, wherein the whisky alcoholic beverage is the whisky alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 278.

Embodiment 296 is a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the method comprising providing a composition comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the one or more additional VOCs is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding traditional whisky; and adding ethanol, water, or a combination thereof to the composition to reduce the concentration of the at least one additional VOC to about the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 297 is the method of embodiment 296, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one VOC that is not present in the corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 298 is the method of embodiment 296 or embodiment 297, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one VOC present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 299 is the method of any one of embodiments 296 to 298, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage further comprises one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 300 is the method of any one of embodiments 296 to 299, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage further comprises one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one non-volatile compound present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 301 is the method of any one of embodiments 296 to 300, wherein the one or more additional VOCs are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 302 is the method of any one of embodiments 296 to 301, wherein the one or more additional VOCs are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 10 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 303 is the method of any one of embodiments 296 to 302, wherein the one or more additional VOCs are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 15 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 304 is the method of any one of embodiments 296 to 303, wherein the one or more additional VOCs are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 20 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 305 is the method of any one of embodiments 296 to 304, wherein the composition comprises five or more additional VOCs, wherein at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 306 is the method of any one of embodiments 296 to 305, wherein a total amount (in mg/L) of the one or more additional VOCs in the composition is more than 5 times a total amount (in mg/L) of the same VOCs in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 307 is the method of any one of embodiments 296 to 306, wherein after the adding step, the whisky alcoholic beverage is the whisky alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 238.

Embodiment 308 is a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the method comprising providing a composition comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional non-volatile compounds, wherein at least one of the one or more non-volatile compounds is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding traditional whisky; and adding ethanol, water, or a combination thereof to the composition to reduce the concentration of the at least one non-volatile compound to about the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 309 is the method of embodiment 308, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 310 is the method of embodiment 308 or embodiment 309, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one non-volatile compound present in the corresponding traditional whiskey.

Embodiment 311 is the method of any one of embodiments 308 to 310, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage further comprises one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 312 is the method of any one of embodiments 308-311, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage further comprises one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one VOC that is present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 313 is the method of any one of embodiments 308 to 312, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 314 is the method of any one of embodiments 308 to 313, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 10 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 315 is the method of any one of embodiments 336-308-314, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 15 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 316 is the method of any one of embodiments 308 to 315, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the composition at a concentration that is at least about 20 times greater than the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 317 is the method of any one of embodiments 308 to 316, wherein the composition comprises five or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least five of the five or more non-volatile compounds are present at a concentration at least about 5 times greater than the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 318 is the method of any one of embodiments 308 to 317, wherein the total amount (in mg/L) of the one or more non-volatile compounds in the composition is more than 5 times the total amount (in mg/L) of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 319 is the method of any one of embodiments 308 to 318, wherein after the adding step, the whisky alcoholic beverage is the whisky alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 238.

Embodiment 320 is a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate, the method comprising combining ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the one or more additional VOCs is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 321 is the method of embodiment 320, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one VOC that is not present in the corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 322 is the method of embodiment 320 or embodiment 321, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one VOC present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 323 is the method of any one of embodiments 320 to 322, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate further comprises one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 324 is the method of any one of embodiments 320 to 323, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate further comprises one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one non-volatile compound present in corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 325 is the method of any one of embodiments 320-324, wherein the concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 326 is the method of any one of embodiments 320 to 325, wherein the concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate is at least about 10 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 327 is the method of any one of embodiments 320 to 326, wherein the concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate is at least about 15 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 328 is the method of any one of embodiments 320-327, wherein the concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate corresponds to at least about 20 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a conventional whisky.

Embodiment 329 is the method of any one of embodiments 320 to 328, wherein the concentrate comprises five or more additional VOCs, wherein at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are present at a concentration at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 330 is the method of any one of embodiments 348 to 320 to 329, wherein the total amount (in mg/L) of the one or more additional VOCs in the concentrate is more than 5 times the total amount (in mg/L) of the same VOCs in the corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 331 is the method of any one of embodiments 320 to 330, wherein after diluting the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage concentrate into a whiskey-like alcoholic beverage, the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage is the whiskey-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 278.

Embodiment 332 is a method of making a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate, the method comprising combining ethanol, water, and one or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least one of the one or more non-volatile compounds is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 333 is the method of embodiment 332, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in the corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 334 is the method of embodiment 332 or embodiment 333, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not include at least one non-volatile compound present in the corresponding traditional whiskey.

Embodiment 335 is the method of any one of embodiments 332 to 334, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate further comprises one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 336 is the method of any one of embodiments 332 to 335, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate further comprises one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one VOC that is present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 337 is the method of any one of embodiments 332 to 336, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the concentrate at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 338 is the method of any one of embodiments 332 to 337, wherein the concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate is at least about 10 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 339 is the method of any of embodiments 332 to 338, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds are present in the concentrate at a concentration that is at least about 15 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 340 is the method of any one of embodiments 332 to 339, wherein the concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate is at least about 20 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 341 is the method of any one of embodiments 332 to 340, wherein the concentrate comprises five or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least five of the five or more non-volatile compounds are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding traditional whiskey.

Embodiment 342 is the method of any one of embodiments 332 to 341, wherein the total amount (in mg/L) of the one or more non-volatile compounds in the concentrate is more than 5 times the total amount (in mg/L) of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 343 is the method of any one of embodiments 332 to 342, wherein after diluting the whisky-like alcoholic beverage into a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 278.

Embodiment 344 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate comprising ethanol, water, and one or more additional VOCs, wherein at least one of the one or more additional VOCs is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 345 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of embodiment 344, wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 346 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of embodiment 344 or embodiment 345, wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one VOC present in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 347 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any one of embodiments 344 to 346, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate further comprises one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in the corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 348 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any one of embodiments 344 to 347, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate further comprises one or more non-volatile compounds, and wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one non-volatile compound that is present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 349 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any one of embodiments 344 through 348, wherein the concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 350 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate as described in any of embodiments 344 to 348, wherein the concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate is at least about 10 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 351 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 344 to 348, wherein the concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate is at least about 15 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 352 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate as described in any of embodiments 344 to 348, wherein the concentration of the one or more additional VOCs present in the concentrate is at least about 20 times the concentration of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 353 is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any of embodiments 344 through 352, wherein the concentrate comprises five or more additional VOCs, wherein at least five of the five or more additional VOCs are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same VOC in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 354 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate as described in any of embodiments 344 to 353, wherein a total amount (in mg/L) of the one or more additional VOCs in the concentrate is more than 5 times a total amount (in mg/L) of the same VOCs in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 355 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate as described in any of embodiments 344 to 354, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage as described in any of embodiments 1 to 238 after dilution of the whisky-like beverage concentrate into the whisky-like alcoholic beverage.

Embodiment 356 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate comprising ethanol, water, and one or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least one of the one or more non-volatile compounds is present at a concentration that is at least about 2 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 357 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of embodiment 356, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds comprise at least one non-volatile compound that is not present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 358 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of embodiment 356 or 357, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds do not comprise at least one non-volatile compound present in corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 359 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any one of embodiments 356 to 358, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate further comprises one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs comprise at least one VOC that is not present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 360 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any one of embodiments 356 to 359, wherein the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate further comprises one or more additional VOCs, and wherein the one or more additional VOCs do not comprise at least one VOC present in a corresponding traditional whisky.

Embodiment 361 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate as recited in any of embodiments 356 to 360, wherein the concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 362 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate as described in any of embodiments 356 to 360, wherein the concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate is at least about 10 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 363 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate as described in any of embodiments 356 to 360, wherein the concentration of the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate is at least about 15 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 364 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any one of embodiments 356 to 360, wherein the one or more non-volatile compounds present in the concentrate are at a concentration that is at least about 20 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 365 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any one of embodiments 356 to 364, wherein the concentrate comprises five or more non-volatile compounds, wherein at least five of the five or more non-volatile compounds are present at a concentration that is at least about 5 times the concentration of the same non-volatile compound in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 366 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any one of embodiments 356 to 365, wherein a total amount (in mg/L) of the one or more non-volatile compounds in the concentrate is more than 5 times a total amount (in mg/L) of the same non-volatile compounds in a corresponding conventional whisky.

Embodiment 367 is a whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate of any one of embodiments 356 to 366, wherein after diluting the whisky-like alcoholic beverage concentrate into a whisky-like alcoholic beverage, the whisky-like alcoholic beverage is the whisky-like alcoholic beverage of any one of embodiments 1 to 238.

The invention will be further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims.

Examples of the invention

Example 1-Process for the manufacture of whisky-like Alcoholic beverages

A 10L batch of whiskey replicas was prepared from the individual components. Comprises the following components:

to prepare oak extract, oak chips were ground and 35g of ground wood chips were placed in each of two 1L Erlenmeyer flasks (Erlenmeyer flash). To each flask was added 1L of 40% EtOH solution (530mL ethanol, 470mL tap water). The flask was covered with parafilm, vigorously swirled, and stored in the dark for 24 hours. Vacuum filtering the extracted oak wood; the filtrate was saved and the remaining wood chips were discarded. The filtrate was divided into 40 Falcon tubes (each approximately 47mL) and centrifuged at 5000rpm for 5 minutes.

To prepare the tannin solution, 0.8g of tannin powder was added to 50mL of water in a Falcon tube and mixed by vortexing. This operation was repeated nine times to obtain 10 tubes of tannin solution. The tubes were centrifuged at 5000rpm for 5 minutes and decanted twice, and the liquid portions of the two times were preserved.

To prepare a whiskey replica, approximately 500mL of water was placed in a beaker with a stir bar on a stir plate. All dry chemicals were weighed and added to water in a beaker. 240mL of ethanol was added to the beaker followed by malic acid, succinic acid and lactic acid. After the mixture was homogeneous, it was poured into a 2L measuring cylinder (without a stir bar). All (500mL) of the prepared tannin solution was added to a measuring cylinder, followed by filling to 2L with water. The contents of the cylinder were poured into a 10L large glass bottle (carboy). Oak extract from all 40 tubes was added to a 2L graduated cylinder and water was added to 2L. The diluted oak extract was added to the large glass bottle. Next, the remaining ethanol (4L) was added to the large glass bottle using a 2L graduated cylinder. Finally, VOC and remaining ethanol (500mL) were added to the measuring cylinder, topped up to 2L with water, and added to the large glass bottle. Whisky was carefully but vigorously shaken to mix the contents.

Additional nonvolatile formulations are shown in table 2.

Whisky replicas have a final ABV of 43% and are consistent, in terms of color, with whisky elaborated by traditional methods; like many whiskeys, it is amber and has a characteristic "tear mark" (tear) on the side of the glass when swirled, and the mouthfeel (viscosity) is comparable to that of traditional whiskeys. The whisky imitation is very similar to the whisky made by the traditional method, and also has peat, cereal, fruit, flower and woody aroma. Specifically, whiskey imitations have cereal-like characteristics in their aroma, emitting sweet woody aromas including vanilla and roasted spice, and aromas reminiscent of ripe apple, caramel and very light tobacco. The taste characteristics of imitation whisky, including sweetness, alcohol perception, flavor and aftertaste or length of time, are also similar to whisky made by traditional methods. Specifically, in terms of mouthfeel, whisky imitations have a creamy body with some hot and spicy sensation and a flavour that gives a return to the smell of wine (nose).

It should be noted that the above processes, as well as similar processes using variations of the VOC and non-volatile ingredient inventory, may be scaled up for commercial manufacture of whiskey-like alcoholic beverages. Such scale-up processes (e.g., producing 1000L or more) may utilize a tank or barrel.

It should also be noted that in some cases, a portion of the water included in the whiskey imitation may be replaced by a neutral spirit, such as, but not limited to, corn whiskey. When such substitutions are made, the neutral spirit is added such that the ethanol provided by the neutral spirit is no less than 5% of the total amount of ethanol in the whiskey imitation, on a standard gallon basis. For example, a 10L whiskey replica containing 3.1L ethanol (192 proof), 0.38L corn whiskey (135 proof), and 1.8L oak extract (151 proof) contains 6.4% ethanol from corn whiskey in standard gallons, which is 2.6% ABV.

As one example, 1000L batches of whiskey imitations were prepared from individual components including:

first, 1000L of 5 Xwood tannin solution was prepared by placing 8750-. The mixture was recirculated for 18-24 hours, followed by filtration through a 1 micron filter pad. Malic acid (5.50-88.00g), tartaric acid (85.00-1360.00g), lactic acid (14.75-236.00g), citric acid (21.25-340.00g), D-glucuronic acid (14.5-232.00g), succinic acid (3.50-56.00g) and cinnamic acid (2.50-40.00g) were added to the mixture, which was then recycled until all the ingredients were dissolved (about 5 minutes).

Separately, 310L of ethanol (192 proof), 38L of corn whisky, and 420L of filtered water were added to the mixing tank and allowed to recirculate for 10-15 minutes. Fructose (5.75-92.00g), glucose (11.25-180g), glycerol (2000-32000g) and gum arabic (0.25-4g) were added to the mixture, which was then recycled until all the ingredients were dissolved (about 15-20 minutes). VOC (3-5L total) and 200L wood tannin solution were added to the mixture and allowed to recycle for 30 minutes. The mixture was pad filtered (0.5 micron filter) and held until bottled.

It should be noted that while whiskey imitations may include volatile and non-volatile compounds as listed herein, the added compounds may react with each other to produce additional compounds, or to alter the effective amount of one or more of the added compounds within the whiskey imitation formulation.

Table 1A: VOC (mg/L) in whisky formulation

Table 1B: VOC (mg/L) in whisky formulation

Table 2: non-volatile substances (mg/L) in whisky formulations

It should be noted that although the whiskey imitation may include volatile compounds as listed in tables 1A, 1B, and 2, the added compounds may react with each other to produce additional compounds, or to alter the effective amount of one or more of the added compounds within the whiskey imitation formulation.

Example 2-reference VOC and non-VOC in whisky

The amount of each VOC in the traditional whiskey was evaluated using GC-MS/MS.

GC-MS/MS conditions: all analyses were performed using an Agilent 7890B GC interfaced to a 7000D triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and equipped with a PAL RSI 85 autosampler with HS-SPME attachment. For Headspace (HS) Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) experiments, SPME fibers were 1cm, 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS fibers (Supelco; Bellefonte, Pa.). The conditions for the HS-SPME autosampler are as follows: the pre-incubation time was 5 minutes, the incubation temperature was 60 ℃, the extraction time was 15 minutes, and the desorption time was 2 to 10 minutes. The fiber conditioning time after desorption was 30 minutes. For the liquid injection experiments, the injection volume was 0.5 μ L. SPME injection is operated in non-split mode, while liquid injection is operated at a split ratio of 1:20 or 1:10, and desorption temperature is 250 ℃. The column was 30 m.times.0.25 mm.times.0.25 Agilent DB-WAX or DBHeavyWax (ultra high inertia). Helium at a constant flow rate of 1 milliliter per minute (mL/min) was used as the carrier gas. The MS ion source temperature and the interface temperature were 250 ℃. The first temperature program was as follows: the initial temperature was 40 ℃, held for 5 minutes, then increased to 180 ℃ at a rate of 4 ℃/min, then increased to 240 ℃ at a rate of 45 ℃/min and held for 10 minutes, for a total run time of 52 minutes. The second temperature program was as follows: the initial temperature was 40 ℃, held for 0.5 minutes, then increased to 240 ℃ at a rate of 5 ℃/min and held for 10 minutes for a total run time of 30 minutes.

Selection of target compounds and MRM method development: a general workflow for GC-MS analysis is outlined below. Actual samples were first analyzed by HS-SPME-GC/MS in full scan mode (m/z 40-200) to identify potential target compounds. The collected data were analyzed manually using the Agilent MassHunter qualitative Analysis version b.07.00 or the Agilent MassHunter unknown Analysis version b.08.00 (unswns Analysis). Based on literature studies, additional compounds may have been targeted. Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) optimization was performed on commercially available standards. First, the full scan experiment was repeated by liquid injection (5mg/L in pure EtOH) to verify residence time and potential precursor ions. Product ion scanning was performed using liquid injection and varying the collision energy in the range of 5-35V. Optimized MRM transition and collision energies were selected and shown in tables 3A, 3B, and 3D. As described below, a dynamic mrm (dmrm) method was developed to generate the calibration curve. Compounds were split into multiple approaches (table 3A, 3B, 3D) to minimize simultaneous transitions (no more than 6).

Calibration was performed on L1, L2, M1, M2 and H groups using standard additive methods. The solution of SPME was prepared as a 1mL sample diluted with 9mL of ultrapure water in a 20mL amber vial, to which 3g of salt was added to enhance volatility. This EtOH concentration minimizes the swelling of the SPME fiber to maximize the signal, regardless of the dilution factor. The concentration range of spiked standards varies with compound based on the expected range in the actual sample. Spiking solutions were prepared in EtOH for standard addition of analytes and spiked into samples at 10, 20, 30 and 40 μ Ι _.

Calibration for the "WIP-Ext Cal" group was performed using SPME using external calibration. By spiking the analyte into 10mL H containing 3g NaCl₂O to prepare a calibration solution. Samples were prepared by adding 100 μ L whisky to 10mL H2O; high dilution factors aim to reduce the SPME-matrix effect of the main volatile compounds.

The WIP-liq and WIP-acid groups were performed using external calibration curves using liquid injection. Pure whiskey was injected or diluted 1:10 in EtOH depending on the original concentration of analyte.

Data were analyzed using Agilent quantitative analysis (for QQQ). Values reported as not detected (nf, zero) can be considered below the detection Limits (LOD) listed in tables 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D. LOD is based on an S/N ratio estimate generated by MassHunter software.

Determining various reference whisky samples by GC-MS; the VOC levels therein are shown in tables 4A, 4B and 4C. In these tables, each column is labeled with a number that indicates a particular whiskey. These numbers are (1) Macallan 18 years old highland single malt scotland whisky; (2) willet; (3) laprioig single malt scotland whisky in 10 years; (4) jefferson; (5) lagavulin 16 years ai lei island single malt Scotland whisky; and (6) corn whisky. Additional whiskey samples were determined by GCMS; the VOC levels therein are shown in tables 4D and 4E. These numbers are (W1) Auchentoshan, (W2) Bruichladdich, (W3) Glenmologic 10, (W4) Lagavulin 16, (W5) Laphroaig 10, (W6) Macallin 10, (W7) Macallin 18, (W8) Oban 14, (W9) Scoresby, (W10) Larceny, (W11) Maker's Mark, (W12) Pappy 15, (W13) Pappy 20, (W14) base Hayden, (W15) Booker's, (W16) Eagle Rare, (W17) Jim Beime, (W18) Hibiki, (W19) Rereast, (W20) person, (W36 21) force Creya and (W22) Royal 22.

Table 3A: method A transition and quality factor

Table 3B: method B transition and quality factor

Table 3C: additional LOD in GCMS assay

Table 3D: transition and quality factor

Table 4A: VOC in reference whisky

Table 4B: VOC in reference whisky

Table 4C: VOC in reference whisky

Table 4D: VOC in reference whisky

AC-above standard curve

Not performing ND-

Table 4E: VOC in reference whisky

AC-above standard curve

Not performing ND-

The levels of various non-volatile compounds in several reference whisky samples were measured using LC-MS according to the following method.

All analyses were performed on a Thermo Ultimate 3000 ultra high performance liquid chromatograph (UPLC) coupled to a Thermo Scientific Q-active high resolution Mass Spectrometer (MS). Data acquisition was performed using XCalibur software, and instrument parameters for mass spectrometers for all methods were as follows:

polarity: positive or negative ion mode, as indicated by the respective methods

Resolution ratio: 70,000

Scanning range: the scanning range of all methods is 60-900m/z except the lipid method, and the scanning range is 134-2000m/z

Isolating the window: 1.5m/z

MS/MS collision energy: 30

Preparation of analytical standards: stock solutions of each compound were prepared at a concentration of 1mg/mL in 50% methanol. Serial dilutions were then prepared from each compound to generate a 7-point standard curve, ranging from 10ng/mL to 20 μ g/mL. The standard curve is performed with combinations of 7-12 compounds per class per group, as long as there is no overlap in retention times, which would prevent quantitation.

The residence time of each compound was predetermined by manipulating the analytical standards at 20 μ g/mL dilutions and identifying the compound based on its precise mass.

In all cases, five microliters of each standard mixture was injected into MS by autosampler and LC. The separation is carried out on a chromatographic column dedicated to each class of compounds. The conditions for each chromatography are described below, including the columns, mobile phase and gradients used for each method.

As indicated in table 5, several types of columns were used for different kinds of compounds.

Table 5: listing of compounds and LOD quantified by Each method

HILIC Positive ion	HILIC anion	Omega positive ion	Positive ion of C18	C18 negative ion
					Methionine	Rhamnose	Tartaric acid	Quinic acid	Trans-ferulic acid
Histidine	Glucose	Citric acid	Polydatin
					Lysine	Mannitol	Lactic acid	Acetyl vanillone
Serine	Fructose	3, 4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	Epicatechin gallate
					Leucine	Ribose	Gallic acid	Vanillic acid
Isoleucine	Ara-laPrimary sugar alcohols	Glucuronic acid	Syringic acid
					Phenylalanine	Inositol	Fumaric acid	Caffeic acid
Aspartic acid	Fucose sugar	Malic acid	Coumaric acid
					Tyrosine	Mannose	2-isopropyl malic acid	Cinnamic acid
Gamma-aminobutyric acid	Xylose	2-furoic acid	Syringaldehyde
					Pyridoxine	Sorbitol	Pyruvic acid	Pantothenic acid
Glucosamine	Galactose	Succinic acid	Vanillin
					Choline	Beta-alanine		Trans-4-hydroxyproline
Arginine	Citrulline		Tryptamine
					Valine			Tyramine
Proline			Adenine
					Cysteine			Guanine and its preparing process
Asparagine			Dog urinary quinoline acid
					Glutamic acid			Sorbic acid
Tryptophan			Citrulline
					Ornithine			2,3,5, 6-tetramethylpyrazine
Glutamine			2,3, 5-trimethylpyrazines
					Threonine			2, 3-dimethylpyrazine
Carnitine			Camphoric acid
								Methyl 2-pyrrolyl ketone
			Piperine
								Pyridine compound

Quantification of amino acids and similar polar compounds: polar compounds that can retain a positive charge were evaluated using a HILIC (hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography) column. The mobile phase used for this column included a: h₂O +5mM ammonium acetate + 0.1% TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) and B: 90/10ACN (acetonitrile)/H₂O +5mM ammonium acetate + 0.1% TFA. Each chromatographic run was 27.5 minutes long and the column temperature was maintained at 40 ℃. The column used was Phenomenex Luna, 3 μm NH2,150X 2mm (product number 00F-4377-B0) and the protective column is a Phenomenex Security Guard column core, NH2, 4X 2mm (number PRD-196870).

Table 6: HILIC Positive ion mode gradient Condition

Time	Flow rate (mL/min)	％A	％B
				0	0.5	5	95
6	0.5	5	95
				18	0.5	60	40
20	0.5	80	20
				22	0.5	5	95
27	0.5	5	95

Quantification of sugars and sugar alcohols: the same HILIC column used for the quantification of amino acids was used for the quantification of sugars, but the polarity of MS was operated in negative ion mode. When the same mobile phase was used, the gradient was slightly modified to aid retention. The temperature of the column was also maintained at 50 ℃ to achieve better peak shape and separation of isobaric sugars.

Table 7: HILIC negative ion mode gradient condition

Time	Flow rate (mL/min)	％A	％B
				0	0.5	0	100
3	0.5	0	100
				18	0.5	18	82
19	0.5	26	74
				20	0.5	60	40
21	0.4	80	20
				23	0.4	0	100
28	0.4	0	100

Quantification of non-polar compounds: non-polar compounds were evaluated using a C18 column, as these compounds maintain long carbon chains under polar conditions. This method operates in both positive and negative ion modes, depending on whether each compound and the compound, respectively, is preferably ionized in a positive or negative charge. The mobile phase used in this process is a: H2O + 0.1% FA, and B: methanol and the temperature of the column was maintained at 50 ℃. The column used was an Agilent Poroshell 120, EC-C182.7 μm, 3.0X 100mm (product number 695975-.

Table 8: c18 positive/negative ion mode gradient condition

Time	Flow rate (mL/min)	％A	％B
				0	0.6	100	0
1.5	0.6	100	0
				4	0.6	0	100
6	0.6	0	100
				6.1	0.6	100	0
9	0.6	100	0

Quantification of organic acids and similarly charged polar compounds: to view the organic acids, a charged C18 column was used. As shown in table 8, the gradient for the organic method is the same as for the C18 nonpolar method. Modifications are made to mobile phase B for this method, where B: ACN + 0.1% FA. The column used was Phenomenex Luna Omega, 1.6 μm, PS C18 100X 2.1mm (product number 00D-4752-AN).

Quantification of lipids: because lipids are very hydrophobic, they require strong organic solvents in order to elute from any chromatographic column. Lipids were quantified using the C18 column (Agilent Poroshell) discussed above, but using a mobile phase with a higher organic solvent concentration. The samples were operated in both positive and negative ionization modes, but the positive ionization mode was used to quantify the two lipid standards. Mobile phase A: 60/40H2O/ACN +5mM ammonium acetate + 0.1% FA, and B: 90/10IPA/ACN +5mM ammonium acetate + 0.1% FA. The column temperature was maintained at 50 ℃.

Table 9: c18 lipid positive/negative ion mode gradient conditions

Time	Flow rate (mL/min)	％A	％B
				0	0.6	80	20
1.5	0.6	80	20
				4	0.6	45	55
10	0.6	20	80
				11.5	0.6	0	100
15	0.6	0	100
				15.5	0.6	80	20
17.5	0.6	80	20

And (3) data analysis: the data analysis method was developed using the XCalibur Processing Setup program, where the method was formulated for each standard box for each LC method. Compound mass and residence time were added for each standard and calibration levels were applied for each standard. To calculate the concentration in the sample, the sample and standard for each run were processed together using XCalibur quant software and the concentration was calculated based on the corresponding compound calibration curve. The limit of detection for each standard was determined by operating each standard curve at a low level until no material was detected.

The average levels of non-volatile compounds measured in the reference whisky samples (particularly scotch whisky samples) are shown in tables 10, 11A and 11B.

Table 10: whisky-referenced LC-MS

Values are the average of measurements of triplicate samples of each whisky type, except for those marked with an asterisk.

NF not present or below detection limit

ND is not determined

BC bad curve

Table 11A: whisky-referenced LC-MS

NF not found

ABSC is higher than the best quality standard curve

BBSC is lower than the best quality standard curve

Table 11B: whisky-referenced LC-MS

NF not found

ABSC is higher than the best quality standard curve

BBSC is lower than the best quality standard curve

EXAMPLE 3 production of concentrated whiskey imitations

Approximately 100L test batches of whiskey imitation concentrate were prepared and held for a minimum of 8 weeks with periodic sampling at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. Density measurements were taken weekly and whiskey replicas of three replicate bottles were made by adding the hard whiskey of 43% ABV before filtering through a 0.45PVDF vacuum filter. Next, samples were provided for analytical testing against the corresponding non-concentrated whiskey replicas and against each other, thereby evaluating volatile and non-volatile components. Sensory comparisons were also performed. The concentrate is kept in HDPE containers or stainless steel at the highest concentration to ensure that there is no compositional change due to storage of the material.

To produce a 5 x whiskey imitation concentrate, the ingredients listed below were added to 140L of 43% ABV cereal neutral spirit. This was an effective 700L batch, but an excess was required due to losses during decantation and filtration.

Composition (I)	Amount of Kg added
		Tannin	0.14-2.24
Wood material	1.22-19.50

The ingredients were stirred and held for 24 hours. The liquid was decanted and held for 24 hours to allow the larger particles to settle. Next, the liquid was filtered through a 5 micron absolute polypropylene cartridge filter and then charged to 100L in an open-top HDPE pail, previously measured as 100L.

The following ingredients were added to a drum and stirred well, along with a 500L (5 × 100L) batch of VOCs from the formulations of table 1A or 1B.

Composition (I)	Number of grams added
		Malic acid	1.13-18.00
Tartaric acid	9.50-152.00
		Lactic acid	2.63-42.00
Citric acid	2.13-34.00
		D-glucuronic acid	0.63-10.00
Cinnamic acid	0.25-4.00
		Succinic acid	0.63-10.00
Fructose	2.88-46.00
		Glucose	5.63-90.00
Arabic gum	0.13-2.00
		Glycerol	1000-16000

To produce a 10 x whiskey imitation concentrate, the ingredients listed below were added to 140L of 43% ABV cereal neutral spirit. Again, this was an effective 700L batch, but an excess was required due to losses during decantation and filtration.

Composition (I)	Amount of Kg added
		Tannin	0.28-4.48
Wood material	2.44-39.04

The ingredients were stirred and held for 24 hours. The liquid was decanted and held for 24 hours to allow the larger particles to settle. Next, the liquid was filtered through a 5 micron absolute polypropylene cartridge filter and then charged to 100L in an open-top HDPE pail, previously measured as 100L.

The following ingredients were added to a tank and stirred well, along with a 1000L batch (10 × 100L) of VOC from the formulation of table 1A or 1B.

To produce a 20 x whiskey imitation concentrate, the ingredients listed below were added to 350L of 43% ABV cereal neutral spirit. Again, this was an effective 700L batch, but an excess was required due to losses during decantation and filtration.

Composition (I)	Amount of Kg added
		Tannin	1.40-22.40
Wood material	12.20-195.16

The ingredients were stirred and held for 24 hours. The liquid was decanted and held for 24 hours to allow the larger particles to settle. Next, the liquid was filtered through a 5 micron absolute polypropylene cartridge filter and then charged to 100L in an open-top HDPE pail, previously measured as 100L.

The following ingredients were added to a tank and stirred well, along with a 2000L batch (20 × 100L) of VOC from the formulation of table 1A or 1B.

Composition (I)	Number of grams added
		Malic acid	4.50-72.00
Tartaric acid	38.00-608.00
		Lactic acid	10.50-168.00
Citric acid	8.50-136.00
		D-glucuronic acid	2.50-40.00
Cinnamic acid	1.00-16.00
		Succinic acid	2.50-40.00
Fructose	11.50-184.00
		Glucose	22.50-360.00
Arabic gum	0.50-8.00
		Glycerol	4000-64000

To find the appropriate volume (5 ×, 10 × or 20 ×) to add to produce a finished concentrate, the following formula was used:

(C_concentrate)(V_Concentrate)＝(C_{Final product})(V_{Final product})

Wherein:

C_{final product}Concentration of final product 1 (i.e., 1 ×)

V_{Final product}Desired finished product volume

C_ConcentrateConcentration of concentrate (5 ×, 10 × or 20 ×)

V_ConcentrateVolume of concentrate added to produce the finished product

OTHER EMBODIMENTS

It is to be understood that while the invention has been described in conjunction with the detailed description thereof, the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other aspects, advantages, and modifications are within the scope of the following claims.