阅读说明：本技术 银耳干燥工艺及其干燥装置 (Tremella drying process and device ) 是由 姜利昭 兰仲桐 龚译潜 于 2021-10-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种银耳干燥工艺及其干燥装置,在干燥房中的烘干层架上设置称重装置,称重装置上放置盛放银耳的物料盘,设置可从上、下、左、右方向吹向烘干层架的热风装置,热风装置的温度、风向以及风量可调；利用称重装置实时测得的重量计算银耳的含水率,根据银耳的含水率与控制拐点值比较结果选择不同的烘干控制模式,控制热风装置采用不同的组合方式进行干燥,当银耳含水率达到设定值后,自动停止干燥。本发明利用含水率作为干燥进程中的控制拐点值,比传统的采用定时烘干更加精确,做到均匀度相对一致,烘干效果更好,而且能够在含水率达到要求后,装置自动结束干燥过程,能够节省干燥时间,避免长时间干燥,能够降低能耗。(The invention discloses a tremella drying process and a drying device thereof.A weighing device is arranged on a drying layer rack in a drying room, a material tray for containing tremella is placed on the weighing device, a hot air device capable of blowing to the drying layer rack from the upper, lower, left and right directions is arranged, and the temperature, the wind direction and the air quantity of the hot air device are adjustable; the water content of the tremella is calculated by utilizing the weight measured by the weighing device in real time, different drying control modes are selected according to the comparison result of the water content of the tremella and the control inflection point value, the hot air device is controlled to dry in different combination modes, and drying is automatically stopped when the water content of the tremella reaches a set value. The device utilizes the water content as the control turning point value in the drying process, is more accurate than the traditional method adopting timing drying, achieves relatively consistent uniformity and better drying effect, can automatically finish the drying process after the water content meets the requirement, can save the drying time, avoids long-time drying, and can reduce the energy consumption.)

1. The tremella drying process is characterized by comprising the following steps: a weighing device is arranged on a drying layer frame in a drying room, a material tray for containing white fungus is placed on the weighing device, a hot air device capable of blowing to the drying layer frame from the upper direction, the lower direction, the left direction and the right direction is arranged in the drying room, and the temperature, the wind direction and the air quantity of the hot air device are adjustable; the water content of the tremella is calculated by utilizing the weight measured by the weighing device in real time, the temperature, the wind direction and the air quantity of the hot air device are adjusted and controlled according to the water content of the tremella and the set control corner value, and the drying is automatically stopped when the water content of the tremella reaches a set value.

2. The tremella drying process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, cleaning tremella, soaking, draining, and then loading into material trays, wherein the material trays are placed on drying shelves in a drying room, and one of the material trays is placed on a weighing device on the drying shelves;

s2, electrifying a control device, setting a control inflection point value for controlling a tremella drying process on an input interface, measuring the real-time weight of tremella by using a weighing device in the drying process, calculating the water content and the change trend of the tremella according to the measured weight, comparing the water content and the change trend measured in real time with the control inflection point value in the drying process by using the control device, selecting different drying control modes according to the comparison result, adjusting and controlling the hot air device by using the different drying control modes, and enabling an electric shutter, an electric auxiliary hot plate and an axial flow fan in the hot air device to act according to the sequence of a control program and drying by adopting different combination modes;

and S3, when the water content reaches the requirement, the device automatically stops drying, and the drying process is finished.

3. The tremella drying process according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S2, the control inflection point values include at least three, each control inflection point value is obtained by statistical analysis according to the moisture content of tremella in the historical drying data, each control inflection point value can call a plurality of control modes correspondingly, and the control modes are selected by the control program according to the comparison result of the moisture content and the change trend measured in real time and the control inflection point values, so that the electric louver, the electric auxiliary heating plate and the axial flow fan in the hot air device are dried in different combination modes in a plurality of drying stages, and the drying time is shortened.

4. The tremella drying process according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step S2, the control device controls four independent groups of electric shutters and the axial flow fan to realize different combinations of the upper, lower, left and right dry wind directions and the wind amounts, and then controls two groups of electric shutters to realize opening and closing of the outward humidity discharging passage and control the heating power of the electric auxiliary heating plate.

5. The tremella drying process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the weighing device comprises high-temperature and high-humidity resistant measuring sensors which are sleeved at four corners of the drying layer frame; the front axial flow fan and the electric auxiliary heating plate stop working for 15-60 seconds before the weighing device collects data each time, and the original state is recovered to continue running after the data is collected.

6. Tremella drying device, its characterized in that: including the drying room, the left side, right side, upside and the downside of drying room all are equipped with electronic shutter, electricity and assist hot plate and axial fan, and every electronic shutter, electricity assist hot plate and axial fan link to each other with controlling means respectively, be equipped with the stoving layer frame in the drying room, be equipped with one set of weighing device on the stoving layer frame, on one of them material dish was arranged the weighing device on the stoving layer frame in, be equipped with temperature and humidity sensor in the drying room.

7. The tremella drying apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the top and the rear side of the drying room are provided with moisture exhaust ports, and the moisture exhaust ports are provided with electric shutters.

8. The tremella drying apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the axial flow fan is provided with an air supply device which can control the positive direction and the negative direction, and the axial flow fan is a high temperature and high humidity resistant type.

9. The tremella drying apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the electric shutter is connected with the stepping motor executing mechanism and is connected with the opening and closing limit detection switch, and the stepping motor executing mechanism and the opening and closing limit detection switch are connected with the control device.

10. The tremella drying apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the electric auxiliary heating plate is made of PTC heating materials, and an overtemperature protection device is arranged in the electric auxiliary heating plate.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural product drying, in particular to a tremella drying process and a tremella drying device.

Background

The hot air drying technology for agricultural products is a main means for drying the agricultural products at present, and is a method for blowing hot air into a drying chamber (drying box) and performing heat and humidity exchange with the agricultural products by using a convection mode so as to dry the agricultural products.

The hot-blast convection current mode of current market tremella drying process adopts the mode of going into from top to bottom basically, when adopting this kind of mode drying, can appear in the drying process that the moisture content of upper and lower part of tremella differs great the condition, needs artifical upset tremella or extension drying time in the drying process, needs to increase the cost of labor or leads to the drying excessive to lead to drying energy expense to increase.

In solving the problem, a crawler-type conveying drying device and a drying process are provided, wherein the patent application number is CN200910266293.7, and the patent name is tremella drying process and a drying device thereof; in documents with patent application number CN201110361017.6 and named direct current reversal drying method and device for tremella, drying technologies such as changing wind direction at fixed time are proposed. The drying device disclosed by the former is complex in structure and high in manufacturing cost; the latter proposes that the wind direction is switched at fixed time, the quantization degree is not enough, especially the water content of fresh tremella is different in different seasons, different batches (such as cleaning and soaking time difference), and the timing control is not accurate enough; and adopt fixed unchangeable side drying of blowing, the drying process amount of wind can't be adjusted, leads to the tremella to appear warping serious phenomenon in the drying process easily, leads to the tremella product looks grade not good, influences the sale.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a tremella drying process and a tremella drying device.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the tremella drying process includes setting weighing device on the drying rack in the drying room, setting material tray for holding tremella on the weighing device, setting hot blast device capable of blowing tremella to the drying rack from upper, lower, left and right directions in the drying room, and regulating temperature, wind direction and wind amount of the hot blast device; the water content of the tremella is calculated by utilizing the weight measured by the weighing device in real time, the temperature, the wind direction and the air quantity of the hot air device are adjusted and controlled according to the water content of the tremella and the set control corner value, and the drying is automatically stopped when the water content of the tremella reaches a set value.

Further, the tremella drying process comprises the following steps:

s1, cleaning tremella, soaking, draining, and then loading into material trays, wherein the material trays are placed on drying shelves in a drying room, and one of the material trays is placed on a weighing device on the drying shelves;

s2, electrifying a control device, setting a control inflection point value for controlling a tremella drying process on an input interface, measuring the real-time weight of tremella by using a weighing device in the drying process, calculating the water content and the change trend of the tremella according to the measured weight, comparing the water content and the change trend measured in real time with the control inflection point value in the drying process by using the control device, selecting different drying control modes according to the comparison result, adjusting and controlling the hot air device by using the different drying control modes, and enabling an electric shutter, an electric auxiliary hot plate and an axial flow fan in the hot air device to act according to the sequence of a control program and drying by adopting different combination modes;

and S3, when the water content reaches the requirement, the device automatically stops drying, and the drying process is finished.

Further, in the step S2, the control inflection point values include at least three control inflection point values, each control inflection point value is obtained through statistical analysis of moisture content of tremella in the historical drying data, each control inflection point value can call a plurality of control modes correspondingly, and the control modes are selected by the control program according to comparison results of the moisture content and the change trend measured in real time and the control inflection point values, so that the electric louver, the electric auxiliary heating plate and the axial flow fan in the hot air device are dried in different combination modes in a plurality of drying stages, and drying time is shortened.

Further, in step S2, the control device controls the four independent sets of electric shutters and the axial flow fan to realize different combinations of the upper, lower, left, and right dry wind directions and wind amounts, and then controls the two sets of electric shutters to realize opening and closing of the outward humidity discharging passage and control the heating power of the electric auxiliary heating plate.

Furthermore, the weighing device comprises a set of high-temperature and high-humidity resistant measuring sensors arranged at four corners of the drying layer frame; the front axial flow fan and the electric auxiliary heating plate stop working for 15-60 seconds before the weighing device collects data each time, and the original state is recovered to continue running after the data is collected.

Tremella drying device, including the drying room, the left side, right side, upside and the downside of drying room all are equipped with electronic shutter, electricity and assist hot plate and axial fan, and every electronic shutter, electricity assist hot plate and axial fan link to each other with controlling means respectively, be equipped with the stoving layer frame in the drying room, be equipped with one set of weighing device on the stoving layer frame, on one of them material dish was arranged the weighing device on the stoving layer frame in, be equipped with temperature and humidity sensor in the drying room.

Furthermore, the top and the rear side of the drying room are provided with moisture exhaust ports, and the moisture exhaust ports are provided with electric shutters.

Furthermore, an air supply device which can control the positive direction and the negative direction is arranged in the axial flow fan, and the axial flow fan is of a high temperature and high humidity resistant type.

Furthermore, the electric shutter is connected with the stepping motor executing mechanism and is connected with an opening and closing limit detection switch, and the stepping motor executing mechanism and the opening and closing limit detection switch are connected with the control device.

Furthermore, the electric auxiliary heating plate is made of PTC heating materials, and an overtemperature protection device is arranged in the electric auxiliary heating plate.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, by improving the drying process and the drying device, the moisture content and the change of the dried material are monitored by arranging the weighing device, the moisture content and the change trend which are measured in real time are compared with the control inflection point value in the drying process, and the drying temperature, the wind direction and the wind volume are adjusted according to the comparison result, wherein the wind direction can be adjusted in different combinations of up, down, left and right, so that uniform and stable drying can be realized, the dried product is good in appearance, high in drying efficiency and energy-saving, and the tremella drying device is very suitable for drying tremella and is also suitable for drying other fungi, rare food materials, traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the like.

2. The invention calculates the corresponding relation between the water content and the control inflection point value in the drying process according to the characteristics of different objects to be dried and a large amount of drying experimental data in the drying process, a plurality of drying control inflection point values are set in the whole drying process, each control inflection point value can correspondingly call a plurality of control modes, the control modes are selected by a control program according to the comparison result of the water content, the variation trend and the control inflection point values measured in real time, the multi-stage subdivision control of the drying process is realized, each stage can adopt the same or different drying temperature, air volume and air direction, the invention has obvious progress compared with the traditional drying process device which only adopts timing or fixed air direction and air volume, can optimize the shape of the product in the drying process, ensure that the objects to be dried realize good shaping and fixation in the drying process, avoid excessive shrinkage deformation and the dried product is good, high grade and higher economic value.

3. The drying rack in the drying room is provided with at least one set of weighing device, the weighing device is used for calculating and monitoring the moisture content of the dried object and the change trend of the moisture content on a time axis in real time, the moisture content and the change of the moisture content are used as the control input conditions of the drying process, the drying temperature, the air direction and the air quantity are convenient to adjust and control better, the drying process is more accurate than the traditional drying mode adopting timing, constant temperature and the like, the drying uniformity can be relatively consistent, the drying effect is better, the drying process can be automatically finished by the device after the moisture content meets the requirement, the drying time can be saved, the long-time drying is avoided, and the energy consumption can be reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the tremella drying process and the drying device thereof.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the tremella drying process and its drying device with the casing removed

Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a partial structure of the tremella drying process and the drying device thereof.

Description of reference numerals:

1. a drying room; 11. a moisture removal port; 2. drying the shelf; 3. a weighing device; 4. a material tray; 5. a hot air device; 51. an electric blind window; 52. an electric auxiliary heating plate; 53. an axial flow fan; 6. a control device; 7. temperature and humidity sensor.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:

referring to fig. 1-3, in the tremella drying process, a weighing device 3 is arranged on a drying layer frame 2 in a drying room 1, a material tray 4 for containing tremella is arranged on the weighing device 3, a hot air device 5 capable of blowing to the drying layer frame 2 from the upper direction, the lower direction, the left direction and the right direction is arranged in the drying room 1, and the temperature, the air direction and the air quantity of the hot air device 5 are adjustable; the water content of the tremella is calculated by utilizing the weight measured by the weighing device 3 in real time, the temperature, the wind direction and the wind quantity of the hot air device 5 are adjusted and controlled according to the water content of the tremella and the set control inflection point value, and the drying is automatically stopped when the water content of the tremella reaches a set value.

The tremella drying process comprises the following steps:

s1, cleaning, soaking and draining tremella, then loading the tremella into material trays 4, placing the material trays 4 on drying shelves 2 in a drying room 1, and placing one material tray 4 on a weighing device 3 on the drying shelves 2;

s2, powering on the control device 6, setting a control inflection point value for controlling a tremella drying process on an input interface, measuring the real-time weight of tremella by using the weighing device 3 in the drying process, calculating the water content and the change trend of the tremella according to the measured weight, comparing the water content and the change trend measured in real time with the control inflection point value in the drying process by using the control device 6, selecting different drying control modes according to the comparison result, adjusting and controlling the hot air device 5 by using the different drying control modes, enabling the electric shutter 51, the electric auxiliary hot plate 52 and the axial flow fan 53 in the hot air device 5 to act in sequence according to a control program, and drying by using different combination modes;

and S3, when the water content reaches the requirement, the device automatically stops drying, and the drying process is finished.

In the step S2, the control inflection point values include at least three, each control inflection point value is obtained by statistical analysis according to the moisture content of tremella in the historical drying data, each control inflection point value can call a plurality of control modes correspondingly, and the control modes are selected by the control program according to the comparison result of the moisture content and the change trend measured in real time and the control inflection point values, so that the electric louver 51, the electric auxiliary heating plate 52 and the axial flow fan 53 in the hot air device 5 are dried in different combination modes in a plurality of drying stages, and the drying time is shortened.

For example, the tremella drying process is divided into four stages (the process can be further subdivided) according to the initial stage, the higher humidity stage, the basic setting stage and the post-drying stage, the water content of the tremella is respectively X1, X2, X3 and X4, and the water content calculation process comprises the following steps: when the tremella is initially put on a material shelf and is not dried, the tremella is firstly measured to have mass m1, the mass m0 is m1 (1-X1) after absolute drying, the mass m2 is m0/(1-X2) when the humidity is high, the mass m3 is m0/(1-X3) when basic setting is carried out, and the mass m4 is m0/(1-X4) after drying is finished;

the control flow is based on m1, when the mass of the drying process is measured as m in real time, the real-time water content is (m-m1 (1-X1)/m, the value and the variation trend are compared with X2, X3 and X4, the drying control mode is automatically called as follows: when the water content is greater than X1 (corresponding control corner value), starting a lower-upper convection and strong dehumidification mode; when the water content is between X1 and X2, a lower-upper convection and humidity control dehumidification mode is started; when the water content is between X2 and X3, starting a lower-upper, upper-lower, left-right and right-left timing convection and humidity control dehumidification mode; when the water content is less than X4, starting a lower-upper and upper-lower timing convection and humidity control dehumidification mode, and automatically stopping drying when the water content reaches X4; the control corner value and the drying control mode can be counted and set according to the drying characteristics of different products.

In the step S2, the control device 6 controls the four independent sets of electric shutters 51 and the axial fans 53 (disposed at the upper, lower, left, and right sides) to implement different combinations of the upper, lower, left, and right drying wind directions and wind amounts, and then controls the two sets of electric shutters 51 (disposed at the rear side and the top side of the drying room 1, for example) to implement opening and closing of the outward dehumidification passage (the dehumidification opening 11), and controls the heating power of the electric auxiliary heating plate 52.

The weighing device 3 comprises a set of high-temperature and high-humidity resistant measuring sensors arranged at four corners of the drying layer frame 2; the front axial flow fan 53 and the electric auxiliary heating plate 52 stop working for 15-60 seconds (ensuring that the measured and collected data are more accurate and reliable) before the weighing device 3 collects the data each time, and the original state is restored after the data are collected to continue running.

Based on above-mentioned drying process's white fungus drying device, including drying chamber 1, drying chamber 1's left side, right side, upside and downside all are equipped with electronic shutter 51, electricity and assist hot plate 52 and axial fan 53, and every electronic shutter 51, electricity assist hot plate 52 and axial fan 53 and link to each other with controlling means 6 respectively, be equipped with stoving layer frame 2 in drying chamber 1, be equipped with one set of weighing device 3 on stoving layer frame 2 and set up in layer frame middle part usually, also can set up many sets as required), on one of them material dish 4 arranges the weighing device 3 on stoving layer frame 2 in, be equipped with temperature and humidity sensor 7 in drying chamber 1 and link to each other with controlling means 6.

The top and the rear side of the drying room 1 are provided with moisture exhaust ports 11, and the moisture exhaust ports 11 are provided with electric shutters 51. The axial flow fan 53 is provided with a controllable air supply device in the positive direction and the negative direction, and the axial flow fan 53 is of a high temperature and high humidity resistant type. The electric shutter 51 is connected with a stepping motor executing mechanism and is connected with an opening and closing limit detection switch, and the stepping motor executing mechanism and the opening and closing limit detection switch are connected with the control device 6. The electric auxiliary heating plate 52 is made of PTC heating materials, and an overtemperature protection device is arranged in the electric auxiliary heating plate 52.

When the drying device works, the electric auxiliary heating plate 52 is electrified and heated, the axial flow fan 53 is started at the same time, the air blown out by the axial flow fan 53 is heated by the electric auxiliary heating plate 52 to become hot air to enter the drying room 1, and after the hot air and the materials in the material disc 4 on the drying layer frame 2 are subjected to damp-heat exchange, the damp-heat air leaves the drying room 1 through the moisture exhaust port 11.

The following are several practical operation examples, wherein the open or energized state is not described in the description, and the closed or unenergized state is the strong dehumidifying state if the dehumidifying port 11 and the top axial flow fan 53 are opened during the dehumidifying process.

Example 1: the dehumidification opening 11, the top electric shutter 51, the rear electric shutter 51 and the bottom electric shutter 51 are opened, the top axial flow fan 53 is opened for reverse rotation, the bottom axial flow fan 53 is opened for forward rotation, the bottom electric auxiliary heating plate 52 is electrified, external air enters through the bottom electric shutter 51, hot air is generated through the bottom electric auxiliary heating plate 52, is blown into the drying room 1 through the bottom axial flow fan 53 to exchange heat and humidity with materials, and is discharged out of the drying room 1 through the top axial flow fan 53, the top electric shutter 51 and the dehumidification opening 11 to form downward and upward air convection dehumidification; the primary purpose of this process is to enhance moisture removal during drying.

Example 2: the top and bottom electric shutters 51 are opened, the top axial flow fan 53 is opened to rotate forwards, the bottom axial flow fan 53 is opened to rotate backwards, the top electric auxiliary heating plate 52 is electrified, air enters through the top electric shutters 51, hot air is generated through the top electric auxiliary heating plate 52, is blown by the top axial flow fan 53 to enter hot air, is brought into the drying room 1 to exchange heat and humidity with materials, and then continues to circulate through the bottom axial flow fan 53 and the bottom electric shutters 51; the forward and reverse rotation directions of the top axial flow fan 53 and the bottom axial flow fan 53 can be adjusted as required, and the corresponding electric auxiliary heating plate 52 is switched on, so that the convection internal circulation of up-wind and down-wind or up-wind is formed, and the process is mainly used for quickly heating during drying.

Example 3: the left electric shutter 51 and the right electric shutter 51 are opened, the right axial flow fan 53 is opened to rotate forwards, the left axial flow fan 53 is opened to rotate backwards, the right electric auxiliary heating plate 52 is electrified, air enters through the right electric shutter 51, hot air is generated through the right electric auxiliary heating plate 52, the hot air is blown through the right axial flow fan 53 to be taken into the drying room 1 to be subjected to heat and moisture exchange with materials, the air is continuously circulated through the left electric shutter 51 and the left axial flow fan 53, the rotating directions of the left and right axial flow fans 53 can be adjusted as required, and the corresponding electric auxiliary heating plate 52 is connected to form the convective internal circulation of left and right air or right and left air; and the bottom axial flow fan 53 and the bottom electric shutter 51 can be opened simultaneously to realize the convection internal circulation under the left and right wind or the right and left wind, and the main purpose of the process is to rapidly heat during drying.

Example 4: the left side, the rear side and the top electric louver 51 are all opened, the right side axial flow fan 53 is opened for positive rotation, the left side electric auxiliary heating plate 52 and the right side electric auxiliary heating plate 52 are electrified, external air respectively enters through the rear side electric louver 51 and the left side electric louver 51, hot air is generated through the left side electric auxiliary heating plate 52 and the right side electric auxiliary heating plate 52, is blown into the drying room 1 through the left side axial flow fan 53 and the right side axial flow fan 53 to exchange heat and humidity with materials, and is discharged to the outside of the drying room 1 through the top axial flow fan 53 and the top axial flow fan 53, so that the convection humidity discharge of left-right air inlet air and upper air outlet is formed; the main purpose of this process is to increase moisture removal during drying.

In this way, different wind directions and air volume controls can be realized by different combination controls, so that drying can be performed in different drying stages by adopting different drying modes (different emphasis points such as dehumidification, heating and drying).

After the drying device is used for drying according to the optimized drying process, the drying uniformity is good, and the drying uniformity refers to the difference of the water content of different parts (such as the ear base and the ear leaves) of a dried tremella product; it is related to the wind convection mode (wind direction), convection time (wind quantity) and hot wind temperature (energy) in the drying process. In the drying process, the temperature of hot air is easy to adjust and control, so that the uniformity control is mainly based on parameter control such as air quantity, air direction, time and the like, and the control parameters in the drying process are obtained by summarizing and refining according to a large amount of experimental data statistical results.

The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structural changes made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.