阅读说明：本技术 一种饲用油菜青贮剂及其制备方法 (Forage rape silage and preparation method thereof ) 是由 滑国华 杨利国 周迪 张欣欣 徐云翔 曾稳兵 于 2021-02-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种饲用油菜青贮剂及其制备方法,饲用油菜青贮剂包括固体青贮剂和液体青贮剂,所述固体青贮剂包括干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、布氏乳杆菌和纤维素酶；所述液体青贮剂包括植物乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌。本发明的饲用油菜青贮剂用于青贮油菜能使油菜快速达到青贮稳定期、减少营养损失、并有效保存了油菜,营养损耗低,获得的青贮油菜的酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量低,干物质有效增加,粗蛋白和碳水化合物都有所增加,增加了适口性,用于饲养奶牛,可有效提高奶牛的产奶质量。(The invention provides a rape silage agent for feed and a preparation method thereof, wherein the rape silage agent for feed comprises a solid silage agent and a liquid silage agent, and the solid silage agent comprises lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri and cellulase; the liquid silage agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and pediococcus pentosaceus. The forage rape silage agent is used for silage rape, can ensure that rape quickly reaches a silage stabilization period, reduces nutrition loss, effectively preserves the rape, has low nutrition loss, obtains silage rape with low content of acid washing fiber and neutral washing fiber, effectively increases dry matters, increases crude protein and carbohydrate, increases palatability, is used for raising milk cows, and can effectively improve the milk production quality of the milk cows.)

1. The forage rape silage agent is characterized by comprising a solid silage agent and a liquid silage agent, wherein the solid silage agent comprises lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri and cellulase; the liquid silage agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and pediococcus pentosaceus.

2. The forage rape silage according to claim 1, wherein the solid silage comprises 4-6 parts of lactobacillus casei, 3-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2-4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 2-4 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 0.5-1.5 parts of cellulase by weight, and the liquid silage comprises 4-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3-5 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 3-5 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus by volume.

3. The forage rape silage according to claim 1, wherein the solid silage comprises 5 parts of lactobacillus casei, 4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 3 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 1 part of cellulase in parts by weight, and the liquid silage comprises 4.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 4 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus in parts by volume.

4. The feed rape silage agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lactobacillus casei has a strain number of CGMCC1.3206, the lactobacillus plantarum has a strain number of CGMCC1.557, the lactobacillus acidophilus has a strain number of CGMCC1.12735, the lactobacillus buchneri has a strain number of CGMCC1.3108, and the pediococcus pentosaceus has a strain number of CGMCC 1.12961.

5. The silage rape silage agent of claim 1, wherein the effective viable count of lactobacillus casei is 95-105 hundred million CFU/g, the effective viable count of lactobacillus plantarum is 95-105 hundred million CFU/g, the effective viable count of lactobacillus acidophilus is 95-105 hundred million CFU/g, the effective viable count of lactobacillus buchneri is 95-105 hundred million CFU/g, and the enzyme activity of cellulase is 4-6 million CFU/g; the effective viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum is 15-20 hundred million CFU/mL, the effective viable count of the lactobacillus acidophilus is 15-20 hundred million CFU/mL, and the effective viable count of the pediococcus pentosaceus is 15-20 hundred million CFU/mL.

6. The preparation method of the forage rape silage agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, respectively activating lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri and pediococcus pentosaceus, and performing expanded culture to obtain a bacterial solution of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri and pediococcus pentosaceus;

s2, respectively centrifuging bacterial liquids of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus buchneri to obtain bacterial sludge;

s3, adding skim milk into each bacterial sludge obtained in the step S2, and freeze-drying to obtain bacterial powder of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus buchneri;

s4, adding 0.5-1.5 parts of cellulase into the bacterial powder of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus buchneri, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solid silage agent, wherein the bacterial powder of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus buchneri is 4-6 parts of lactobacillus casei, 3-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2-4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 2-4 parts of lactobacillus buchneri;

and (4) uniformly mixing the bacterial liquid of the lactobacillus plantarum, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the pediococcus pentosaceus obtained in the step (S1) according to 4-5 parts of the lactobacillus plantarum, 3-5 parts of the lactobacillus acidophilus and 3-5 parts of the pediococcus pentosaceus, and then carrying out aseptic bagging to obtain the liquid silage agent.

7. The preparation method of claim 6, wherein in step S1, the culture medium used for the activation and expansion culture comprises 4.5 parts of casein peptone, 4 parts of beef extract, 2 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of glucose, 1 part of sodium acetate, 2 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.4 part of diammonium citrate, 0.1 part of Tween-800.2 part of potassium chloride, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, and 100 parts of distilled water.

8. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S1, the bacterial liquid of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus has an OD600 ═ 1 or a bacterial population of 10⁸CFU/mL。

9. The method of claim 6, wherein in step S3, the skim milk is added in an amount of 10-13% by weight of the bacterial sludge.

10. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S3, the freeze-drying is performed by freezing at-30 ℃ for 40 to 60 minutes, freezing at-80 ℃ for 50 to 60 minutes, and freeze-drying on a freeze-vacuum dryer for 15 hours.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of silage, and particularly relates to a rape silage agent for feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The forage rape belongs to brassica pasture of cruciferae, has the characteristics of quick growth, large biological yield and high protein content, and can effectively relieve the problem of feed shortage in spring and winter in China. Due to the requirement of large-scale production, the forage rape needs to reduce the loss of protein and other nutrient components through ensiling and maintain the nutrient characteristics of the forage rape. However, the soluble carbohydrate content of the rape for feeding after the initial flowering phase is low, compared with corn, gramineous forage grass and the like, the silage fermentation speed is low, the reduction speed of the pH value is also low, so that the conventional fermentation is difficult to achieve the optimal fermentation state, and the rape belongs to greenfeed which is difficult to silage.

Feeding rape silage notes: 1. optimal mowing time; 2. cutting length; 3. moisture content; 4. compacting; 5. and (5) sealing. However, although the above points are implemented in the silage management process, the silage quality may still be poor or may fail because the naturally attached lactic acid bacteria are few in type and quantity, many in sundry bacteria and putrefying bacteria, and low in targeted content, sugar in the rape silage raw material cannot be rapidly fermented to generate lactic acid, and the pH value is rapidly reduced to inhibit the growth and reproduction of other sundry bacteria.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a forage rape silage agent and a preparation method thereof, which can be used for improving the quality of rape silage and reducing the silage failure rate on the basis of good silage management measures.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that:

a forage rape silage agent, which comprises a solid silage agent and a liquid silage agent, wherein the solid silage agent comprises lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri and cellulase; the liquid silage agent comprises lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and pediococcus pentosaceus.

The forage rape silage agent as described above, preferably, the solid silage agent comprises 4-6 parts of lactobacillus casei, 3-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2-4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 2-4 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 0.5-1.5 parts of cellulase by weight, and the liquid silage agent comprises 4-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3-5 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 3-5 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus by volume.

The silage rape silage agent for feed as described above preferably comprises 5 parts of lactobacillus casei, 4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 3 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 1 part of cellulase by weight parts, and the liquid silage agent comprises 4.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 4 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus by volume parts.

The feeding rape silage agent preferably has the strain number of the lactobacillus casei of CGMCC1.3206, the strain number of the lactobacillus plantarum of CGMCC1.557, the strain number of the lactobacillus acidophilus of CGMCC1.12735, the strain number of the lactobacillus buchneri of CGMCC1.3108 and the strain number of the pediococcus pentosaceus of CGMCC 1.12961.

Preferably, the number of the effective viable bacteria of the lactobacillus casei is 95-105 hundred million CFU/g, the number of the effective viable bacteria of the lactobacillus plantarum is 95-105 hundred million CFU/g, the number of the effective viable bacteria of the lactobacillus acidophilus is 95-105 hundred million CFU/g, the number of the effective viable bacteria of the lactobacillus buchneri is 95-105 hundred million CFU/g, and the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 4-6 million U/g; the effective viable count of the lactobacillus plantarum is 15-20 hundred million CFU/mL, the effective viable count of the lactobacillus acidophilus is 15-20 hundred million CFU/mL, and the effective viable count of the pediococcus pentosaceus is 15-20 hundred million CFU/mL.

A preparation method of a forage rape silage agent comprises the following steps:

s1, respectively activating lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri and pediococcus pentosaceus, and performing expanded culture to obtain a bacterial solution of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri and pediococcus pentosaceus;

s2, respectively centrifuging bacterial liquids of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus buchneri to obtain bacterial sludge;

s3, adding skim milk into each bacterial sludge obtained in the step S2, and freeze-drying to obtain bacterial powder of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus buchneri;

s4, adding 0.5-1.5 parts of cellulase into the bacterial powder of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus buchneri, and uniformly mixing to obtain a solid silage agent, wherein the bacterial powder of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus buchneri is 4-6 parts of lactobacillus casei, 3-5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 2-4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus and 2-4 parts of lactobacillus buchneri;

and (4) uniformly mixing the bacterial liquid of the lactobacillus plantarum, the lactobacillus acidophilus and the pediococcus pentosaceus obtained in the step (S1) according to 4-5 parts of the lactobacillus plantarum, 3-5 parts of the lactobacillus acidophilus and 3-5 parts of the pediococcus pentosaceus, and then carrying out aseptic bagging to obtain the liquid silage agent.

In the preparation method as described above, preferably, in step S1, the medium used for the activation and expansion culture includes 4.5 parts of casein peptone, 4 parts of beef extract, 2 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of glucose, 1 part of sodium acetate, 2 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.4 part of diammonium citrate, 800.2 parts of tween-800.2 parts, 0.1 part of potassium chloride, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate, and 100 parts of distilled water.

In the preparation method as described above, preferably, in step S1, the bacterial liquid of lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus, lactobacillus buchneri and pediococcus pentosaceus has an OD600 of 1 or a bacterial colony of 10⁸CFU/mL。

In the preparation method, in step S3, the skim milk is preferably added in an amount of 10 to 13% by weight of the bacterial sludge.

In the above-mentioned preparation method, preferably, in step S3, the freeze-drying conditions are freezing at-30 ℃ for 40-60 minutes, then freezing at-80 ℃ for 50-60 minutes, and finally freeze-drying on a freeze vacuum dryer for 15 hours.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention successfully develops the forage rape silage agent by screening high-performance lactic acid bacteria and scientifically matching aiming at the nutritional ingredient characteristics of rape, and can realize the purposes of quickly reducing the pH value of rape silage raw materials, inhibiting saccharomycetes, enterobacter, clostridium, bacillus, mould fungi and other infectious bacteria and producing high-value high-quality rape silage under the normal silage management production condition. The forage rape silage agent provided by the invention can enable rape to quickly reach a silage stabilization period, has low nutrition loss and low contents of acid washing fiber and neutral washing fiber, effectively increases dry matters, increases crude protein and carbohydrate, and increases the palatability of the rape.

The rape feed prepared by the rape silage agent for the feed is easy to utilize by animals after silage, and the utilization efficiency of the feed is improved; the feed is used for feeding the dairy cows and can effectively improve the milk production quality of the dairy cows.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the pH variation of various groups at different stages of ensiling;

FIG. 2 is a water content variation rule of each group in different periods of silage;

FIG. 3 is a photograph after 30 days of ensiling;

FIG. 4 is a photograph after 60 days of ensiling;

fig. 5 is a photograph after 90 days of ensiling.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention but should not be construed as limiting it. Modifications and substitutions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

The strains used in the invention comprise Lactobacillus plantarum (strain number: CGMCC1.557), Lactobacillus acidophilus (strain number: CGMCC1.12735), Lactobacillus casei (strain number: CGMCC1.3206), Lactobacillus buchneri (strain collection number: CGMCC1.3108) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (strain number: CGMCC1.12961), wherein the strains are derived from Lactobacillus plantarum from institute of microbiology, Lactobacillus acidophilus from Jiangsu purple Microkang Biotechnology Limited, Lactobacillus buchneri from institute of microbiology, Lactobacillus casei from institute of microbiology, and Streptococcus pentosaceus from institute of microbiology.

The preparation method of the forage rape silage agent comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a culture medium:

preparation of medium a: firstly, heating 4.5 parts of casein peptone, 4 parts of beef extract, 2 parts of yeast powder, 1 part of glucose, 1 part of sodium acetate, 2 parts of light calcium carbonate, 0.4 part of diammonium citrate, 0.1 part of tween-800.2, 0.1 part of potassium chloride, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.1 part of manganese sulfate and 100 parts of distilled water to 70 ℃, and stirring to dissolve all the raw materials; sterilizing at 121 deg.C for 15 min, and cooling to 37 deg.C to obtain sterilized culture medium A;

step 2, activating and expanding culture of strains:

inoculating refrigerated Lactobacillus plantarum into 100ml of the sterilized A culture medium, activating at 37 deg.C for 24 hr, detecting, inoculating 100ml of the culture medium into 500ml of the sterilized A culture medium, activating at 37 deg.C for 24 hr, and detecting to reach OD600 ═ 1 or colony 10⁸After CFU/ml, inoculating the sterilized A culture medium for amplification culture for 48 hours;

activating and expanding culture of lactobacillus acidophilus, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum;

activating and expanding culture of lactobacillus casei, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum;

activating and expanding culture of lactobacillus buchneri as the lactobacillus plantarum;

the activation and the expanded culture of pediococcus pentosaceus are the same as the lactobacillus plantarum;

step 3, collecting bacterial sludge:

centrifuging the fermented lactobacillus plantarum solution by using a centrifugal machine (6000r/min,10min), and collecting bacterial sludge;

the method for collecting the bacterial sludge of the lactobacillus acidophilus is the same as that of the lactobacillus plantarum;

the method for collecting the bacterial sludge of the lactobacillus casei is the same as that of the lactobacillus plantarum;

the method for collecting the bacterial sludge of the lactobacillus buchneri is the same as that of the lactobacillus plantarum;

the method for collecting the bacterial sludge of pediococcus pentosaceus is the same as that of the lactobacillus plantarum;

step 4, drying the bacterial sludge:

and (3) carrying out freeze drying on the lactobacillus plantarum mud collected in the step (3) by using a coating bacterium powder treatment process to prepare the lactobacillus plantarum mud, which comprises the following specific steps: a. adding skim milk in a weight ratio of 11% into the bacterial sludge, and uniformly mixing; b. putting into a freezing plate, and freezing for 50 minutes at-30 ℃; c. freezing at-80 deg.C for 60 min; d. freeze-drying for 15 hours on a freeze vacuum drier; e. the prepared fungus powder is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ in a closed manner, and the effective fungus content in the prepared fungus powder is 100 hundred million CFU/g;

the freeze drying method of the lactobacillus acidophilus bacterial paste is the same as that of the lactobacillus plantarum, and the effective bacterial content in the prepared bacterial powder is 100 hundred million CFU/g;

the freeze drying method of the bacterial sludge of the lactobacillus casei is the same as that of the lactobacillus plantarum, and the effective bacterial content in the prepared bacterial powder is 100 hundred million CFU/g;

the freeze drying method of the bacterial mud of the lactobacillus buchneri is the same as that of the lactobacillus plantarum, and the effective bacterial content in the prepared bacterial powder is 100 hundred million CFU/g;

step 5, preparing a finished product:

and (3) taking the powdery microbial inoculum prepared in the step (4), wherein the powdery microbial inoculum comprises 4 parts of lactobacillus plantarum, 3 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus, 5 parts of lactobacillus casei, 3 parts of lactobacillus buchneri and 1 part of cellulase (the enzyme activity is 5 ten thousand U/g), uniformly mixing and bagging under an aseptic state to obtain the solid silage agent.

And (3) taking the liquid microbial inoculum prepared in the step (2), wherein 4.5 parts of lactobacillus plantarum (with the bacterium content of 15-20 hundred million CFU/ml), 4 parts of lactobacillus acidophilus (with the bacterium content of 15-20 hundred million CFU/ml) and 4 parts of pediococcus pentosaceus (with the bacterium content of 15-20 hundred million CFU/ml), barreling and uniformly mixing under the aseptic condition, and sealing to obtain the liquid silage agent.

The strain used in the invention is selected after fermenting the rape through a large number of experiments, and the action principle of the invention is as follows: in the initial stage of ensiling rape raw materials, after the liquid ensiling agent contacts the ensiling rape raw materials, facultative anaerobes (lactobacillus plantarum and pediococcus pentosaceus) can be matched with lactobacillus acidophilus before oxygen is consumed, proteins and a small amount of sugar in the dissolved matters of the rape raw materials are smashed and preferentially fermented to generate lactic acid, the pH value is reduced, pathogenic bacteria and mould are quickly inhibited, the mould is prevented from generating heat, and a foundation is laid for lactobacillus fermentation in the solid ensiling agent. After the oxygen is depleted, the pH has been reduced by the liquid silage agent to below 6.5, being slightly acidic. At the moment, the lactobacillus in the solid silage agent is recovered, the lactobacillus casei can generate rich protease, the protein in the rape raw material is decomposed into small peptide and amino acid, a sufficient nitrogen source is provided for lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus acidophilus and lactobacillus buchneri, the lactobacillus can grow, propagate and metabolize quickly, a large amount of lactic acid and acetic acid are generated, and the pH value of the rape raw material is further reduced. When the pH value is reduced to be below 4.5, the rape raw material enters a safe period, the mold can not survive, the propagation of the lactobacillus casei, the lactobacillus plantarum, the lactobacillus buchneri and the pediococcus pentosaceus is limited by a low pH value and enters a stable period, and the lactobacillus acidophilus can still continue to ferment and produce acid until the pH value is reduced to be below 4.0-4.2, so that the safety of the rape raw material is further ensured, the storage life is prolonged, and the rape silage fermentation is completed.

Example 2

Experimental Material

1) Test site: tan cattle farms in Shayan county, Jingmen, Hubei, Tan cattle ranching, Inc.

2) Ensiling material: and (4) cutting the rapes in the final flowering phase, and airing until the water content is about 60-70%.

3) Ensiling agent: the forage rape silage agent prepared by the embodiment of the invention.

4) The addition amount is as follows: 25g of solid silage agent and 250ml of liquid silage agent of the invention are added into 1 ton of rape silage raw material.

TABLE 1 rape silage test design Table

Note: after the treatment groups are mixed evenly, 30kg of rape are ensiled in each bag of silage bags, and each group is repeated for 6.

Test determination index and method

1. The experimental method comprises the steps of cutting the rape silage raw material, wherein the cutting length is 3-5 cm, uniformly mixing the rape silage agent into the rape silage agent according to a proportion, discharging air in the silage material, and compacting.

2. Sensory evaluation method of silage rape

The silage sense evaluation is that after silage is stored for a period of time, a cellar is opened or a silage bag is opened to carry out quality evaluation on the spot, and indexes such as color, smell, texture and the like of the silage are observed and rated through sense systems such as vision, smell, touch and the like of people. The evaluation criteria used in the german agriculture association silage sensory evaluation criteria are shown in table 2 below.

TABLE 2 sensory evaluation criteria for silage from German agricultural Association

3. Method for evaluating fermentation quality and chemical components of silage rape

Taking 10g of each processed silage sample, adding 90ml of deionized water, sealing, placing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for leaching for 30min, filtering the processed leach liquor by 4 layers of 400-mesh nylon filter cloth, and measuring the pH value of the silage leach liquor by a pH meter; measuring the content of water-soluble carbohydrate by an anthrone-sulfuric acid colorimetric method; and (3) uniformly mixing the rest silage samples, putting the silage samples in a 65 ℃ forced air drying oven to be dried to constant weight, measuring the dry matter content, crushing the dried samples by using a miniature plant sample crusher, and sieving the crushed samples by using a 40-mesh sieve for measuring the content of crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber and acidic detergent fiber, wherein the Dry Matter (DM) content: the content of Crude Protein (CP) is determined by a 65 ℃ drying method: the content of cellulose (neutral detergent fiber NDF, acid detergent fiber ADF and acid detergent lignin ADL) is determined by GB 6432-86: determined by the Van's fiber assay.

4. Sensory evaluation results

Samples were taken on 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days of silage and sensory evaluation and analysis were performed, and the treatment groups were at the first highest ranking, with scores between 17.7 and 19.4, and the highest ranking was the SLC group, i.e., the silage rape treatment group with the addition of solid silage, liquid silage, and corn meal, and the results are shown in table 3.

TABLE 3 rape silage comprehensive sensory scores at different silage times

5. Influence of silage bacterial agent on pH value and moisture of rape in different silage periods

Starting from 30 days of ensiling, the pH value of each group is in an ascending trend and is maintained between 3.9 and 4.2, wherein the ascending trends of the SLB group and the SLC group are more gradual, and the fluctuation is smaller; when the pH values of the groups are comprehensively compared, the difference between the SLB and SLC groups and the control group (D) and the S, L, SL and C treatment groups is significant (p <0.05) (figure 1), a-g: respectively representing the change of pH value of each group of the silage rape, comprising a control group (a) and each treatment group, such as a solid silage agent (b), a liquid silage agent (c), solid + liquid (d), solid + liquid + sugar (e), solid + liquid + corn flour (f) and corn flour (g); comparing the pH value changes of each group with each other; i: comparing the pH mean values of the control group and each treatment group after ensiling for 30-90 days; d represents a control group, S represents a solid silage group, L represents a liquid silage group, SL represents a solid + liquid group, SLB represents a solid + liquid + sugar group, SLC represents a solid + liquid + corn meal group, and C represents corn meal group; x, y, z represent at different significance levels, with the same inter-letter differences not significant and the different inter-letter differences significant (p <0.05), respectively.

Detecting the change rule of the water content of each treatment group in different ensiling periods, wherein the result shows that the water content of the control group and each treatment group is basically maintained between 65 percent and 70 percent from 30 days of ensiling, and the water fluctuation of the SLB group and the SLC group is minimum; comparing the average moisture among different silage groups, the result shows that the moisture content of the SLC group and the C group is obviously lower than that of other groups (p is less than 0.05), which indicates that the corn flour has better water absorption effect; the water content difference of other groups except the SLC and the C is not obvious (p is more than 0.05), which indicates that the nutrition loss difference of each group is not large, the result is shown in figure 2, a-g in the figure respectively represent the water content change condition of each group of the silage rape, and the control group (a) and the treatment groups such as solid silage (b), liquid silage (C), solid + liquid (d), solid + liquid + sugar (e), solid + liquid + corn flour (f) and corn flour (g) are included; comparing the moisture content changes of each group with each other; i: comparing the average water content of the control group with that of each treatment group after ensiling for 30-90 days; d represents a control group, S represents a solid silage group, L represents a liquid silage group, SL represents a solid + liquid group, SLB represents a solid + liquid + sugar group, SLC represents a solid + liquid + corn meal group, and C represents corn meal group; the solid and the liquid are the abbreviation of the solid silage agent and the liquid silage agent, and the moisture content of the silage of each group is compared with each other; x, y indicate at different significance levels, no significant difference between the same alphabets (p >0.05), significant difference between different alphabets (p < 0.05).

6. Influence of silage bacterial agent on chemical components of rape in different silage periods

The influence of different ensiling modes on chemical components of the rape in different ensiling periods is analyzed, and the result shows that the pH value of the SLB group and the SLC group is better in performance and is obviously different from that of other groups (p is less than 0.05); the dry matter content of the SLC group and group C was significantly higher than that of each of the other treated groups and the control group (p < 0.05); the difference between each group of crude protein content is small, and SL group treatment is optimal; the water-soluble carbohydrates were not significantly different between groups; the SLC group had lower neutral detergent fiber and lower acid detergent fiber relative to the other groups, and the results are shown in table 4.

By integrating the chemical composition indexes, the SLC treatment group effectively preserves the rape, has low nutrition loss and low contents of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber, so that the SLC treatment group, namely the solid + liquid + corn flour group is the optimal rape silage scheme. Photographs after 30 days of ensiling according to the SLC-treated group are shown in FIG. 3, 60 days of ensiling are shown in FIG. 4, and 90 days of ensiling are shown in FIG. 5. As can be seen from the figure, the method of treating the rape by the solid silage agent, the liquid silage agent and the corn flour can obtain better silage effect by ensiling the rape in the silo, and the rape is not rotten after the silo is opened, which shows that the rape has better aerobic stability and can well preserve the rape

After being stored for 60 days, each rape treatment group is dried and crushed, and is sieved by a 40-mesh grading sieve, 3.0g of the crushed rape is respectively weighed and is filled into a nylon bag (10cm by 5cm) made of 240-mesh nylon cloth, each cow is repeatedly carried out for 2 times, the nylon bag is respectively placed into the rumen of a fistulae Holstein castrated bull for digestion for 12h, 24h and 72h, the rumen degradation rate of each rape feed treatment group is respectively measured by taking out the rape, slowly washing the rape with clear water until the rape is clear, drying the rape at 65 ℃ until the rape is constant in weight, and the contents of DM, CP, NDF and ADF in each rape feed treatment group are respectively. As digestion time increased, DM, CP, NDF and ADF degradation rates all increased significantly (p < 0.05); the degradation rate difference of the rape silage DM, CP, NDF and ADF is obvious in different treatment modes of the rape silage for 60 days (p is less than 0.05). The highest 72h DM degradation rate of the SLC group is 75.45%, which is obviously higher than that of other groups (p is less than 0.05); the 72h CP degradation rates of the SLC group and the SLB group reach 80.40 percent, which is obviously higher than that of the D group (74.36 percent) (p is less than 0.05); the 72h NDF degradation rates of the SLC group and the SLB group respectively reach 56.95% and 56.21%, which are obviously higher than those of other groups (p is less than 0.05); the 72h ADF degradation rates of SLC and SLB groups reached 62.27% and 61.15%, respectively, which were significantly higher than group D (49.77%) (p < 0.05). According to the results, the rape which is added with the solid silage agent, the liquid silage agent and the corn flour silage can improve the rumen degradation rate of the rape, the rape which is silage is easier to be utilized by animals, and the utilization efficiency of the feed is improved.

Example 3

A preparation method of silage rape feed comprises the following steps:

s1, mechanically harvesting the whole rape to obtain a fresh rape sample;

s2, cutting, airing on the spot, monitoring the change of the moisture content every day, bundling and transporting when the moisture content is reduced to 70% or below, and cutting by a straw chopper;

s3, activating the solid silage agent, adding 200 g of brown sugar and 2L of water into every 25g of the activated solid silage agent, adjusting the water temperature to be 30-37 ℃, and stirring uniformly; uniformly spraying activated solid silage, liquid silage and corn flour to the chopped rape, wherein the solid silage is added by 25g and the liquid silage is added by 250mL per ton of rape, and the addition amount of the corn flour is 10kg per ton of rape. Wherein, solid silage agent includes the mixture of lactobacillus plantarum 4 parts, lactobacillus acidophilus 3 parts, lactobacillus buchneri 3 parts, lactobacillus casei 5 parts, cellulase 1 part, and liquid silage agent includes: lactobacillus plantarum 4.5 parts, lactobacillus acidophilus 4 parts, pediococcus pentosaceus 4 parts, silage prepared as in example 1.

S4, bagging and compacting: bagging, compacting, sealing, ensiling for 30 days, and opening the bag.

36 cows were divided into 4 groups, 9 cows were each group, the silage rape feed prepared as described above was used for the daily ration roughage to replace 15%, 25% and 35% of the silage corn, the control group was a feed silage containing only silage corn, the feeding time was 10 days in the preliminary test period, the actual test period was 63 days, the milk yield and the index of each component in cow milk were measured and averaged, and other test results are shown in table 6.

TABLE 6 measurement results

It can be seen from the table that the daily milk yields of the cows with 15% and 25% of silage corns replaced by the silage rape feed are respectively 5.33kg and 5.31kg, which are significantly higher than those of the control group and the 35% group, namely, the daily milk yields of the cows with 0% and 35% of silage corns replaced by the silage rape feed are 4.95kg and 4.82kg (P is less than 0.05), the milk fat percentage and the milk protein percentage are linearly increased along with the addition amount of the silage rape feed, and when the silage corns are replaced by the 35% of silage rape feed, the daily milk yields are significantly higher than those of the cows with 0%, 15% and 25% (P is less than 0.05) of silage corns replaced by the silage rape feed.