阅读说明：本技术 一种露天花岗岩开采方法 (Open-pit granite mining method ) 是由 舒睿卿 于 2021-01-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种露天花岗岩开采方法,包括如下步骤,S1、在矿床上整理出水平的呈台阶分布的一阶切割面和二阶切割面；S2、按荒料大小利用圆盘锯在一阶切割面上进行锯缝,形成呈正交排列的垂直切割面；S3、将串珠锯置于二阶切割面上,将串珠绳穿入到垂直切割面的底部,将矿体沿二阶切割面切割成荒料。该方法适用于有两个自由平面的矿床开采。花岗岩结构致密,抗压强度高,吸水率低,表面硬度大,化学稳定性好,耐久性强；花岗岩矿多为整块,成荒率高,在去除表面覆盖的杂质层后,很容易形成具有两个自由平面的矿床,非常适合采用上述的方法开采。(The invention discloses a method for mining opencast granite, which comprises the following steps of S1, arranging a first-order cutting surface and a second-order cutting surface which are horizontally distributed in a step shape on an ore deposit; s2, sawing on the first-order cutting surface by using a circular saw according to the size of the raw material to form vertical cutting surfaces which are arranged orthogonally; and S3, placing the bead saw on the second-order cutting surface, penetrating the bead rope into the bottom of the vertical cutting surface, and cutting the ore body into rough materials along the second-order cutting surface. The method is suitable for mining deposits with two free planes. The granite has compact structure, high compressive strength, low water absorption, high surface hardness, good chemical stability and strong durability; the granite ore is mostly a whole block, the barren rate is high, after an impurity layer covered on the surface is removed, an ore deposit with two free planes is easily formed, and the method is very suitable for mining.)

1. A method for exploiting the open-pit granite is characterized by comprising the following steps,

s1, arranging a first-order cutting surface and a second-order cutting surface which are horizontally distributed in a step shape on the ore deposit;

s2, sawing on the first-order cutting surface by using a circular saw according to the size of the raw material to form vertical cutting surfaces which are arranged orthogonally;

and S3, placing the bead saw on the second-order cutting surface, penetrating the bead rope into the bottom of the vertical cutting surface, and cutting the ore body into rough materials along the second-order cutting surface.

2. The method for mining open-pit granite according to claim 1, wherein step S2 is performed by cutting orthogonal cutting lines on the first cutting plane according to the size of the rough material, and drilling a drill hole vertically downward on the cutting lines, wherein the drill hole extends to the second cutting plane; when the step S3 is performed, the drill rod is drilled into the vertical drill hole after the string bead rope is threaded.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein a corner hole is drilled at the intersection of the cutting lines, the corner hole having a diameter greater than the drill hole.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein step S2 is performed by fixedly disposing a circular saw track on the first cut surface, wherein the circular saw track comprises two parallel tracks, and wherein the width of the track is not greater than the distance between two adjacent cut lines.

5. The method for quarrying open-pit granite as claimed in claim 1, wherein step S3 is performed by fixing a jig saw on a second cut surface and arranging a tension device between the jig saw and the rough material to be cut.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the second cut surface is spaced from the first cut surface by a height of the block plus 50-100 mm.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the circular saw blade has a blade tip thickness of no less than 15 mm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of mining, in particular to a method for mining open-pit granite.

Background

The quantity of stone mines in China is large, but most of the stone mines are in remote mountain areas, the external conditions are poor, the construction period is long, the investment risk is large, people are generally hired on the spot in the traditional mining method, rock drilling and blasting mining are adopted by an air compressor, a rock drill and the like, the potential safety hazard is large, and the produced quarry stone is extremely low. After irregular waste materials are extracted and transported away, a large amount of waste rocks and broken slag are discarded on the spot, and the influence on the ecological environment is great. Some mines adopt the rope saw cutting, squeeze into the horizontal hole at crude material bottom edge promptly, squeeze into intensive vertical hole above the horizontal hole, penetrate the rope saw in the horizontal hole, cut crude material bottom, then pour into the rising crack agent in vertical hole, expand vertical face, the relative rule of crude material that this kind of mode formed, but the vertical plane that forms is still comparatively crude, the follow-up processing is loaded down with trivial details, the processing surplus loss is more moreover, the used rising crack agent is difficult for collecting the centralized processing in addition, there is very big destruction to the environment.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for mining the open-pit granite, which is used for mining the granite, can form regular raw materials, reduces the processing loss and has small damage to the environment.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for exploiting the open-pit granite includes such steps as,

s1, arranging a first-order cutting surface and a second-order cutting surface which are horizontally distributed in a step shape on the ore deposit;

s2, sawing on the first-order cutting surface by using a circular saw according to the size of the raw material to form vertical cutting surfaces which are arranged orthogonally;

and S3, placing the bead saw on the second-order cutting surface, penetrating the bead rope into the bottom of the vertical cutting surface, and cutting the ore body into rough materials along the second-order cutting surface.

The method is suitable for mining deposits with two free planes. The granite has compact structure, high compressive strength, low water absorption, high surface hardness, good chemical stability and strong durability; the granite ore is mostly a whole block, the barren rate is high, after an impurity layer covered on the surface is removed, an ore deposit with two free planes is easily formed, and the method is very suitable for mining.

When the method is used, the circular saw and the bead stringing saw are adopted for combined sawing mining, so that the fully-mechanized mining of granite mines is realized, the blasting is basically not needed, and the potential safety hazard is reduced; the cost of the swelling agent is saved, and the subsequent influence on the environment is avoided; the later processing loss is reduced, the mining and processing cost is relatively low, and the economic benefit can be increased for enterprises; the produced excess materials are mostly cutting powder, and can be introduced into a sewage drainage channel for centralized treatment after being washed by cooling liquid; the quarry stone of exploitation is of high quality, and the specification can be controlled, six faces can both obtain mechanical equipment's cutting, can not produce new crack or enlarge original crack in ore body and quarry stone, also can not make the joint-cutting around be in the structure change, surfacing, the squareness is good, the cost of transportation is low, damage to the ore body is little, the exploitation quarry stone rate improves by a wide margin greatly, the mine economic benefits is outstanding.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a method of mining open-pit granite according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numbers are as follows:

1. a first order cut surface; 2. a second-order cut surface; 3. raw materials; 4. an ore body; 5. a bead string; 6. a bead saw; 7. drilling a drill hole; 8. a corner hole; 9. a guide wheel.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Taking a granite mine as an example, firstly removing impurities on the surface of an ore deposit, and mining the surface layer of the ore deposit according to needs after the ore deposit is exposed, so that the surface layer gradually forms a horizontal first-order cutting surface 1 and a horizontal second-order cutting surface 2 which are distributed in a step shape, as shown in fig. 1. Cutting lines which are arranged orthogonally are marked on a first-order cutting plane according to the size of the raw material 3 to be mined, then a circular saw track is laid, and a circular saw is placed on the track to cut a vertical surface of the raw material 3 along the cutting lines; then the bead saw 6 is placed on the second-order cutting surface 2, the bead rope 5 penetrates into the bottom of the vertical cutting surface, and the ore body 4 is cut into the raw material 3 along the second-order cutting surface 2.

The mining process can be used for ore bodies with two free surfaces and also applied to ore bodies with three free surfaces, and the mining process is not repeated because the surface of the ore body is stripped and a mining platform with a flat surface is formed in the conventional operation. When the method is adopted for mining, when the bead saw 6 cuts a horizontal surface, at least one vertical surface is needed for connection between the overlong raw material 3 and the ore body 4, and the bead rope 5 is prevented from collapsing and pressing during or after cutting separation of the horizontal bottom surface, so that an incomplete cutting mode is adopted in the traditional process. According to the scheme, cutting lines which are arranged orthogonally are firstly scribed on a first-order cutting surface 1 according to the size of a rough material 3, a drill hole 7 is vertically drilled downwards on the cutting lines, and the depth of the drill hole 7 extends to a second-order cutting surface 2; after the drilling is completed, a circular saw is used to cut a vertical surface which must pass through the diameter of the drill hole 7, at least cut it, and after the string 5 has passed through, the drill rod is driven into the vertical hole. The drill rod can play a role in clamping the rough material 3.

The width of a saw seam is generally 15-18mm when the circular saw is used for cutting, the width of the saw seam is at most 20mm, the space of the saw seam is narrow, when the beaded rope 5 is threaded, the difficulty of completing 90-degree steering at the corner of a cutting surface is relatively large, therefore, a corner hole 8 with a large diameter needs to be drilled at the intersection point of cutting lines, the diameter of the corner hole 8 is larger than that of a drill hole 7, the space of the intersection point is enlarged, and the beaded rope 5 can be steered and threaded more easily at the intersection point.

A circular saw track is fixedly arranged on the first-order cutting surface 1 and comprises two parallel tracks, the width of each track is not larger than the distance between two adjacent cutting lines, and a cutting saw blade is positioned on the outer side of each track during cutting. The circular saw track generally adopts two parallel steel rails, and the steel rails are fixed on a first-order cutting surface 1 at intervals by using foundation screws, so that the stability of the steel rails is kept. During the cutting, must be with the dregs, the rubble clean up that lie in near kerf on the first-order cutting face 1, use the rivers that have certain pressure after accomplishing the cutting with the inside saw dust clean up of kerf, then cover on the kerf surface with clean cotton, prevent the stone sediment that drops, influence threading of string of beads rope 5. When threading string bead rope 5, penetrate the haulage rope the kerf bottom, then introduce string bead rope 5 with the haulage rope, then utilize the instrument to press string bead rope 5 to the bottommost to the bottom of pulling string bead rope 5 makes the bottom of corner hole 8 become more slick and sly, makes things convenient for subsequent cutting.

The string bead saw 6 is fixed on the second order cutting surface 2, because the size of string bead saw 6 is not necessarily equivalent to the size of desolate material 3, highly also have the difference, is provided with overspeed device tensioner between string bead saw 6 and the desolate material 3 that waits to cut, can keep the smooth transition of string bead rope 5. The guide wheel 9 is arranged on the tensioning device, the distance between the tensioning device and the bead stringing saw 6 is increased, and the minimum height distance difference between the flywheel of the bead stringing saw 6, the horizontal fixed guide wheel 9 and the bottom of the saw kerf can be reduced. In order to ensure the smooth operation of the bead saw 6, the second-order cutting surface 2 for mounting the bead saw 6 is required to be 50-100mm lower than the lowest point of the raw material 3, as shown by L in FIG. 1; so that the bead wire 5 runs smoothly.

When the horizontal plane saw cuts, the direction of motion of the bead string saw 6 should be parallel with the long edge of the horizontal plane to the length of the bead string rope 5 for cutting the raw material 3 is basically along the short edge direction of the horizontal plane, and the bead string saw 6 is guaranteed to work under the appropriate cutting resistance. In order to prevent the string bead rope 5 around the outer side of the tangent plane from sagging caused by dead weight and vibration during sawing, horizontal guide wheels 9 can be arranged on the rock wall of the second-order cutting surface 2 at intervals for supporting the string bead saw 6 to keep a horizontal linear state in the sawing process, a plurality of stones or tires can be padded between the two guide wheels 9 for further supporting the string bead rope 5, the guide wheels 9 can be arranged on a tensioning device and used together with the tensioning device in a coordinated mode, and the tensioning device can adopt a common tensioning frame.

The diameter of the saw blade of the circular saw can be selected according to the thickness of the raw material 3, and the minimum thickness of the tool bit of the circular saw is not less than 15mm no matter what diameter of the saw blade is selected, so that the smooth threading of the bead string rope 5 is ensured.

Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.