阅读说明：本技术 制动器及塔机 (Brake and tower crane ) 是由 李佳 何泽京 孔凡胜 孙文彬 于 2021-01-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及工程机械技术领域,具体涉及一种制动器及塔机。制动器包括：支座,具有阶梯孔和油孔,阶梯孔包括第一孔段、第一台阶面、第二孔段、第二台阶面及第三孔段,第二台阶面上开设有多个安装孔,油孔与制动腔连通；转动件,设置在阶梯孔中；摩擦副,第一侧与第一台阶面配合；多个弹性件,一一对应安装在多个安装孔中；活塞,可移动地设置在阶梯孔中,活塞与弹性件、摩擦副的第二侧配合；端盖,固定在支座上并与活塞配合；其中,制动器处于非工作状态下,转动件处于旋转状态。本发明在弹性件的弹性作用下,将活塞向上顶至上极限位置,第一摩擦片和第二摩擦片脱离,第二摩擦片和转动件处于旋转状态,实现起重臂随风摆动。(The invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a brake and a tower crane. The brake includes: the support is provided with a stepped hole and an oil hole, the stepped hole comprises a first hole section, a first step surface, a second hole section, a second step surface and a third hole section, the second step surface is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, and the oil hole is communicated with the brake cavity; a rotating member disposed in the stepped hole; the first side of the friction pair is matched with the first step surface; the elastic pieces are correspondingly arranged in the mounting holes one by one; the piston is movably arranged in the stepped hole and is matched with the elastic piece and the second side of the friction pair; the end cover is fixed on the support and matched with the piston; wherein, the brake is in the non-working state, and the rotating member is in the rotating state. According to the invention, under the elastic action of the elastic element, the piston is pushed upwards to the upper limit position, the first friction plate is separated from the second friction plate, and the second friction plate and the rotating element are in a rotating state, so that the crane boom swings with wind.)

1. A brake, comprising:

the brake device comprises a support (10) and an oil hole (12), wherein the support is provided with a stepped hole (11) and the oil hole (12), the stepped hole (11) comprises a first hole section, a first step surface, a second hole section, a second step surface and a third hole section, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the second step surface, the aperture of the first hole section is larger than that of the second hole section, the aperture of the second hole section is larger than that of the third hole section, the oil hole (12) penetrates through the outer wall of the support (10) and the inner wall of the stepped hole (11), and the oil hole (12) is communicated with a brake cavity;

a rotating member (20) disposed in the stepped hole (11);

a friction pair (30) comprising a plurality of first friction plates (31) and a plurality of second friction plates (32), wherein the plurality of first friction plates (31) are matched with the inner wall of the second hole section, the plurality of second friction plates (32) are matched with the outer wall of the rotating member (20), one second friction plate (32) is arranged between two adjacent first friction plates (31), and the first side of the friction pair (30) is matched with the first step surface;

a plurality of elastic pieces (40) which are correspondingly arranged in the mounting holes one by one;

the piston (50) is movably arranged in the stepped hole (11) and sleeved outside the rotating piece (20), and the piston (50) is matched with the elastic piece (40) and the second side of the friction pair (30);

an end cap (60) fixed on the seat (10) and cooperating with the piston (50);

wherein, the brake is in a non-working state, and the rotating part (20) is in a rotating state.

2. The brake of claim 1, further comprising a backing plate (70), the backing plate (70) being disposed between the first side of the friction pair (30) and the first step surface to replace the backing plate (70) of different thickness and to adjust the number of the first friction plate (31) and the second friction plate (32) according to different braking forces.

3. The brake of claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the oil hole (12) is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotating member (20).

4. The brake of claim 1, wherein there is a gap between the outer wall of the rotor (20) and the inner wall of the piston (50), the inner wall of the end cap (60), and the inner wall of the holder (10).

5. A brake according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the outer wall of the piston (50) is stepped, the seat (10), the piston (50) and the end cap (60) enclosing the brake chamber, or the seat (10) and the piston (50) enclosing the brake chamber.

6. The brake of claim 5, characterized in that, when the support (10), the piston (50) and the end cap (60) enclose the brake chamber, a first sealing member is arranged between one side of the brake chamber of the support (10) and the piston (50), and a second sealing member is arranged between the other side of the brake chamber of the piston (50) and the end cap (60).

7. A brake according to claim 6, characterized in that the first sealing means comprise a first sealing ring (81) and a first collar (82), the first collar (82) being located on the side of the first sealing ring (81) facing away from the brake chamber, and/or in that the second sealing means comprise a second sealing ring (83) and a second collar (84), the second collar (84) being located on the side of the first sealing ring (81) facing away from the brake chamber.

8. The brake of claim 5, characterized in that a third sealing ring (85) is arranged between the end cap (60) and the seat (10) when the seat (10), the piston (50) and the end cap (60) enclose the brake chamber.

9. A brake according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the axis of the stepped bore (11) is arranged vertically.

10. A tower crane, comprising: the brake of any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a brake and a tower crane.

Background

The planetary gear reducer is used as a core transmission part of the tower crane, mainly transmits the driving force of the motor, and drives a cargo boom of the tower crane to rotate through speed reduction and torque increase. In the working process of the speed reducer, a braking working condition exists, so that the speed reducer is required to be provided with a brake. The wet brake has the advantages of large braking torque, long service life, heat fading resistance, strong pollution resistance and the like, and the engineering machinery speed reducer is provided with the wet brake.

At present, a wet brake adopted by a tower crane is normally closed, when the brake does not work, the brake is in a braking state, a crane arm is in a fixed non-downwind state, and the condition that the crane arm is stressed too much and fails or is broken is easily caused under severe working conditions such as strong wind.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a brake and a tower crane, and aims to solve the problem that a normally closed brake in the prior art is in a braking state when not in work, and is easy to cause failure or breakage of a crane arm due to overlarge stress under severe working conditions such as strong wind and the like.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a brake comprising: the brake device comprises a support and an oil hole, wherein the support is provided with a stepped hole and the oil hole, the stepped hole comprises a first hole section, a first step surface, a second hole section, a second step surface and a third hole section, a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the second step surface, the aperture of the first hole section is larger than that of the second hole section, the aperture of the second hole section is larger than that of the third hole section, the oil hole penetrates through the outer wall of the support and the inner wall of the stepped hole, and the oil hole is communicated with a brake cavity; a rotating member disposed in the stepped hole; the friction pair comprises a plurality of first friction plates and a plurality of second friction plates, the first friction plates are matched with the inner wall of the second hole section, the second friction plates are matched with the outer wall of the rotating part, one second friction plate is arranged between every two adjacent first friction plates, and the first side of the friction pair is matched with the first step surface; the elastic pieces are correspondingly arranged in the mounting holes one by one; the piston is movably arranged in the stepped hole and sleeved on the outer side of the rotating part, and the piston is matched with the elastic part and the second side of the friction pair; the end cover is fixed on the support and matched with the piston; wherein, the brake is in the non-working state, and the rotating member is in the rotating state.

Optionally, the brake further comprises a backing plate, the backing plate is arranged between the first side of the friction pair and the first step surface, so that the backing plate with different thicknesses can be replaced and the number of the first friction plate and the second friction plate can be adjusted according to different braking forces.

Optionally, an axis of the oil hole is perpendicular to a rotation axis of the rotation member.

Optionally, there is a gap between the outer wall of the rotor and the inner wall of the piston, the inner wall of the end cap, the inner wall of the seat.

Optionally, the outer wall of the piston is stepped, and the support, the piston and the end cover define a braking cavity, or the support and the piston define the braking cavity.

Optionally, when the support, the piston and the end cover enclose a brake cavity, a first sealing part is arranged between one side of the brake cavity of the support and the piston, and a second sealing part is arranged between the other side of the brake cavity of the piston and the end cover.

Optionally, the first sealing component includes a first sealing ring and a first retaining ring, the first retaining ring is located on one side of the first sealing ring away from the braking cavity, and/or the second sealing component includes a second sealing ring and a second retaining ring, the second retaining ring is located on one side of the first sealing ring away from the braking cavity.

Optionally, when the support, the piston and the end cover enclose a brake cavity, a third sealing ring is arranged between the end cover and the support.

Optionally, the axis of the stepped bore is disposed vertically.

The invention also provides a tower crane, comprising: the brake is described above.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages: when the brake is in a non-working state, the piston is upwards jacked to the upper limit position under the elastic action of the elastic part, the first friction plate and the second friction plate are separated, the second friction plate and the rotating part are in a rotating state, and when the crane boom is under the external force action of strong wind, the crane boom can be freely adjusted to be in the best downwind state along the wind direction, so that the problem that the crane boom is easy to lose effectiveness or break due to overlarge stress when the normally closed brake is in a braking state under severe working conditions such as strong wind in the prior art when the normally closed brake is out of work is effectively solved. When the cargo boom stops at a preset position, hydraulic oil enters the brake cavity from the oil hole, under the action of the hydraulic oil, the piston overcomes the elastic force of the elastic piece, the gap between the first friction plate and the second friction plate is eliminated, positive pressure is applied to the friction pair, the rotating piece is locked, and at the moment, the brake is in a braking state. The elastic piece is installed in the mounting hole of support, during the installation, directly puts into the mounting hole with the elastic piece, then parts such as installation piston, simple to operate improves the installation effectiveness, reduce cost.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a brake provided in a first embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

10. a support; 11. a stepped hole; 12. an oil hole; 20. a rotating member; 30. a friction pair; 31. a first friction plate; 32. a second friction plate; 40. an elastic member; 50. a piston; 60. an end cap; 70. a base plate; 81. a first seal ring; 82. a first retainer ring; 83. a second seal ring; 84. a second retainer ring; 85. a third seal ring; 90. and (5) fixing the bolt.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In addition, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

As shown in fig. 1, the brake of the present embodiment includes: the brake device comprises a support 10, a rotating part 20, a friction pair 30, a plurality of elastic parts 40, a piston 50 and an end cover 60, wherein the support 10 is provided with a stepped hole 11 and an oil hole 12, the stepped hole 11 comprises a first hole section, a first stepped surface, a second hole section, a second stepped surface and a third hole section, the second stepped surface is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, the aperture of the first hole section is larger than that of the second hole section, the aperture of the second hole section is larger than that of the third hole section, the oil hole 12 penetrates through the outer wall of the support 10 and the inner wall of the stepped hole 11, and the oil hole 12 is communicated with a brake cavity; the rotary piece 20 is disposed in the stepped hole 11; the friction pair 30 comprises a plurality of first friction plates 31 and a plurality of second friction plates 32, the plurality of first friction plates 31 are matched with the inner wall of the second hole section, the plurality of second friction plates 32 are matched with the outer wall of the rotating member 20, one second friction plate 32 is arranged between two adjacent first friction plates 31, and the first side of the friction pair 30 is matched with the first step surface; the elastic pieces 40 are correspondingly arranged in the mounting holes one by one; the piston 50 is movably arranged in the stepped hole 11 and sleeved outside the rotating part 20, and the piston 50 is matched with the elastic part 40 and the second side of the friction pair 30; the end cap 60 is fixed on the support 10 and cooperates with the piston 50; wherein, the brake is in a non-working state, and the rotating member 20 is in a rotating state.

By applying the brake of the embodiment, when the brake is in a non-working state, under the elastic action of the elastic member 40, the piston 50 is pushed upwards to the upper limit position, the first friction plate 31 and the second friction plate 32 are separated, the second friction plate 32 and the rotating member 20 are in a rotating state, and when the crane boom is under the external force action of strong wind, the crane boom can be freely adjusted to be in an optimal downwind state along the wind direction, so that the problem that the crane boom is easily stressed too much to fail or break under severe working conditions such as strong wind when the normally closed brake in the prior art is in a braking state when not working is effectively solved. When the cargo boom stops at a preset position, hydraulic oil enters the brake cavity from the oil hole 12, and under the action of the hydraulic oil, the piston 50 overcomes the elastic force of the elastic element, eliminates the gap between the first friction plate 31 and the second friction plate 32 and applies positive pressure to the friction pair 30 to lock the rotating element 20, and the brake is in a braking state. The elastic piece 40 is installed in the installation hole of the support 10, and during installation, the elastic piece 40 is directly placed in the installation hole, and then the piston 50 and other components are installed, so that the installation is convenient, the installation efficiency is improved, and the cost is reduced.

In this embodiment, one end of the rotating member 20 is connected to an output shaft of the motor, the other end of the rotating member 20 is connected to an input shaft of the speed reducer, when the speed reducer is in a working state, the boom is required to be stopped at a predetermined position, hydraulic oil enters the braking cavity through the oil hole 12, under the action of the hydraulic oil, the piston 50 overcomes the elastic force of the elastic member, the gap between the first friction plate 31 and the second friction plate 32 is eliminated, positive pressure is applied to the friction pair 30, the rotating member 20 is locked, the input shaft of the speed reducer is locked, and the brake is in a braking state at this time. The rotating part 20 is a rotating sleeve, both ends of the rotating sleeve are provided with internal splines, the internal splines are connected with an output shaft of a motor or an input shaft of a speed reducer, the outer wall of the rotating sleeve is provided with external splines, the external splines are connected with the second friction plate 32, the spline connection is simple and convenient, and the assembly efficiency is improved. The first friction plate 31 is also connected with the inner wall of the second hole section by a spline. As an alternative embodiment, the rotating member 20 is an input shaft of a speed reducer.

In the present embodiment, the brake further includes a backing plate 70, and the backing plate 70 is disposed between the first side of the friction pair 30 and the first step surface to replace the backing plate 70 of different thickness and adjust the number of the first and second friction plates 31 and 32 according to different braking force. When the required braking force is large, replacing the shim plate 70 with a thin thickness and increasing the number of the first friction plates 31 and the second friction plates 32; when the required braking force is small, the backing plate 70 with thick thickness is replaced, the number of the first friction plate 31 and the second friction plate 32 is reduced, the backing plate 70 with different thickness can be replaced according to the braking force required by different tower cranes, and the number of the first friction plate 31 and the second friction plate 32 is increased or decreased, so that the braking force is adjusted, and the tower crane brake device is suitable for tower cranes with different models; and the backing plate 70 has simple structure, simple and convenient adjustment and reduced cost.

In this embodiment, the axis of the oil hole 12 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the rotating member 20, which facilitates the machining and reduces the manufacturing cost.

In order to prolong the service life of the parts such as the piston, a clearance is formed between the outer wall of the rotating part 20 and the inner wall of the piston 50, the inner wall of the end cover 60 and the inner wall of the support 10, and when the rotating part 20 works, a certain clearance is kept between the rotating part 20 and the piston 50, the end cover 60 and the support 10, thereby avoiding the abrasion.

In this embodiment, the outer wall of the piston 50 is stepped, and the seat 10, the piston 50 and the end cap 60 define a brake chamber. The outer wall of the piston 50 comprises a first wall section, a third step surface and a second wall section, the outer diameter of the second wall section is smaller than that of the first wall section, the end face of the end cover 60 is also in a step shape, the end face of the end cover 60 comprises a first end face section, a fourth step surface and a second end face section, the first wall section is matched with the third hole section, the end face of the second wall section is matched with the first end face section, and a part of the inner wall of the third hole section, the third step surface, a part of the second wall section and a part of the second end face section enclose a brake cavity. As an alternative embodiment, the support 10 and the piston 50 define a braking chamber, the outer wall of the piston 50 includes a first wall section, a third step surface and a second wall section, the outer diameter of the second wall section is larger than the outer diameter of the first wall section, the stepped hole includes a fourth hole section and a fifth step surface, the outer diameter of the fourth hole section is larger than the outer diameter of the third hole section, the third hole section is matched with the first wall section, the fourth hole section is matched with the second wall section, and a part of the inner wall of the fourth hole section, the fifth step surface, a part of the first wall section and the third step surface define the braking chamber.

In this embodiment, a first sealing member is provided between the seat 10 and one side of the piston 50 located in the brake chamber, and a second sealing member is provided between the other side of the piston 50 located in the brake chamber and the end cap 60. The first sealing component and the second sealing component seal high-pressure oil, the leakage of the high-pressure oil is prevented, and the sealing performance and the structural stability are improved.

In this embodiment, the first sealing component includes a first sealing ring 81 and a first retainer ring 82, and the first retainer ring 82 is located on a side of the first sealing ring 81 away from the brake chamber. Dynamic seal is formed between the support 10 and the piston 50, the first sealing ring 81 and the first retainer ring 82 seal the large end of the piston, the compression amount of the first sealing ring 81 cannot be too large, the situation that the first sealing ring fails fast due to too large compression amount is prevented, the hardness of the first sealing ring 81 is larger than that of the first retainer ring 82, the compression amount of the first sealing ring 81 is larger than that of the first retainer ring 82, and the service life of a sealing component can be prolonged under a high-pressure condition due to the arrangement of the first retainer ring 82. The piston 50 is provided with a first ring groove for receiving a first seal member. As an alternative embodiment, the support 10 is provided with a first annular groove for receiving the first sealing member.

In this embodiment, the second sealing member includes a second sealing ring 83 and a second retainer ring 84, and the second retainer ring 84 is located on a side of the first sealing ring 81 away from the brake chamber. Dynamic seal is formed between the piston 50 and the end cover 60, the second sealing ring 83 and the second retainer ring 84 seal the small end of the piston 50, the compression amount of the second sealing ring 83 cannot be too large, the situation that the second sealing ring fails fast due to too large compression amount is prevented, the hardness of the second sealing ring 83 is larger than that of the second retainer ring 84, the compression amount of the second sealing ring 83 is larger than that of the second retainer ring 84, and the service life of a sealing component can be prolonged under a high-pressure condition due to the arrangement of the second retainer ring 84. The end cap 60 is provided with a second annular groove for receiving a second sealing member. As an alternative embodiment, the piston 50 is provided with a second ring groove for receiving a second sealing member.

In the present embodiment, the first seal ring 81 and the second seal ring 83 are made of rubber or the like, and the first retainer ring 82 and the second retainer ring 84 are made of polyvinyl fluoride or the like.

In this embodiment, a third seal 85 is provided between the end cap 60 and the seat 10. The static seal between the end cover 60 and the support 10, the compression amount of the third sealing ring 85 is large, and the sealing performance is improved.

In this embodiment, the axis of the stepped hole 11 is vertically arranged, that is, the brake is vertically installed, the upper end of the rotating sleeve is connected with the output shaft of the motor, and the lower end of the rotating sleeve is connected with the input shaft of the speed reducer. As an alternative embodiment, the axis of the stepped bore 11 is arranged horizontally, i.e. the brake is mounted horizontally.

In this embodiment, the brake is a wet brake, the friction pair 30 needs to be immersed in oil, and the oil cools the friction pair 30, so as to prolong the service life of the friction pair 30.

In this embodiment, the stepped hole further includes a fourth hole section and a fifth step surface, the outer diameter of the fourth hole section is smaller than the outer diameter of the third hole section, the fifth step surface connects the third hole section and the fourth hole section, the end surface of the end cap 60 further includes a third end surface section and a sixth step surface, the third end surface section is matched with the upper end surface of the support, the sixth step surface is matched with the fourth hole section, the fifth step surface is matched with the portion of the second end surface section, and the third seal ring 85 is disposed between the fifth step surface and the portion of the second end surface section. An annular groove is formed in the fifth step surface, and a third sealing ring 85 is located in the annular groove. As an alternative embodiment, an annular groove for receiving a third sealing ring 85 is provided on a part of the second end face section.

In this embodiment, the elastic member is a spring, which is convenient to use and low in cost. As an alternative embodiment, the elastic member is a brake cylinder or the like.

In this embodiment, the end cap 60 and the support 10 are fixed by a fixing bolt 90, a through hole for the fixing bolt 90 to pass through is provided on the end cap 60, and a threaded hole matched with the fixing bolt 90 is provided on the support 10.

The invention provides a tower crane, which comprises: the brake is described above.

In this embodiment, the tower crane includes a boom, a motor, a speed reducer, and the like. When the speed reducer is in a non-working state, the spring is in a compressed state, the piston 50 pushes the piston 50 upwards to an upper limit position under the action of the compressed spring, at the moment, the first friction plate 31 and the second friction plate 32 are separated, the second friction plate 32 is in a free rotating state, and when the crane boom is under the action of external force of strong wind, the rotating sleeve can be freely adjusted to be in an optimal downwind state along the wind direction, so that the function that the crane boom swings along with the wind is realized, and the condition that the crane boom and the tower body are broken in the strong wind is avoided; when the speed reducer is in a working state, the boom is required to be stopped at a preset position, pressure hydraulic oil enters from the oil hole 12, the piston 50 overcomes the elastic force of the spring to move downwards under the action of the pressure hydraulic oil, the gap between the first friction plate 31 and the second friction plate 32 is eliminated, positive pressure is applied to the friction pair, the rotating sleeve is locked, the input shaft of the speed reducer is further locked, and the brake is in a braking state. Of course, the brake can also be applied to other engineering machinery equipment such as a crane.

From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

under the non-working state, the rotating member sleeve of the normally open type brake is in a free rotation state, so that the speed reducer can rotate freely under stress under the working condition of strong wind, the cargo boom is in the optimal downwind position, the rotary cargo boom of the tower crane can be in the optimal downwind state along with the wind, and the brake has the advantages of simple structure, low cost and no need of an additional control system; the brake can brake the crane arm at a required position under the working state.

It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.