阅读说明：本技术 一种隔热保温塑料及其制备方法 (Heat-insulation and heat-preservation plastic and preparation method thereof ) 是由 徐扬萍 吴春秋 于 2021-08-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及塑料技术领域,具体涉及一种隔热保温塑料及其制备方法。包括以下质量份数的原料为酚醛树脂50～80份、聚氨脂2～10份、十水硫酸钠10～15份、聚硅氧烷5～8份、硬脂酸醇2～6份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠2～6份、发泡剂5～10份、稳定剂2～6份、固化剂2～3份；本发明采用酚醛树脂和聚氨酯复合形成发泡塑料,具有导热系数小,孔隙闭合程度高,良好的保温隔热效果和良好的机械性能,适用范围广。(The invention relates to the technical field of plastics, in particular to a heat insulation plastic and a preparation method thereof. The material comprises, by mass, 50-80 parts of phenolic resin, 2-10 parts of polyurethane, 10-15 parts of sodium sulfate decahydrate, 5-8 parts of polysiloxane, 2-6 parts of stearic alcohol, 2-6 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 5-10 parts of a foaming agent, 2-6 parts of a stabilizer and 2-3 parts of a curing agent; the invention adopts phenolic resin and polyurethane to form foamed plastic, and has the advantages of small heat conductivity coefficient, high pore closure degree, good heat insulation effect, good mechanical property and wide application range.)

1. The heat-insulation and heat-preservation plastic is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass:

the preparation method of the heat insulation plastic comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving phenolic resin and polyurethane in parts by weight, uniformly stirring and mixing, melting, adding sodium sulfate decahydrate, stearic acid alcohol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 60-120 r/min for 30min, adding polysiloxane, a foaming agent and a stabilizer in parts by weight, continuously stirring at the speed of 60-120 r/min for 30-40 min, adding a curing agent in parts by weight at the speed of 60-120 r/min, and stirring for 1-5 min to obtain a mixed solution;

step two: pouring the mixture liquid obtained in the step one into a mold, then placing the mold into an oven with the temperature of 80-90 ℃, foaming and curing for 1-2 hours, foaming and molding, and curing at room temperature to obtain the heat insulation plastic.

2. The heat insulation and preservation plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: adding lignin and phenol into a reaction container, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, stirring at the speed of 100-120 r/min for 2-4 h, adding ammonium hydroxide, heating the water bath to 75 ℃, slowly adding paraformaldehyde, heating to 85 ℃, stirring at 120r/min for 1.5-3 h, adding urea, continuously reacting for 1-1.5 h, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain lignin modified phenolic resin; the mass ratio of the lignin, the phenol, the ammonium hydroxide, the paraformaldehyde and the urea is as follows: phenol: ammonium hydroxide: paraformaldehyde: urea 1: 1: 0.05: 3-6: 1 to 2.

3. The heat insulation and preservation plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the polysiloxane is one or more of polydimethylsiloxane, cyclomethicone, aminosiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane and polyether polysiloxane copolymer.

4. The heat insulation and preservation plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the foaming agent is a mixed foaming agent of n-pentane and cyclopentane, wherein the mass ratio of n-pentane to cyclopentane is n-pentane: cyclopentane ═ 2: 1-8: 1.

5. the heat insulation and preservation plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stabilizer is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, hydroquinone and p-cresol.

6. The heat insulation and preservation plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: and a pH regulator is also included, and in the step one, the pH regulator is added before the stabilizer is added to regulate the pH value to be less than 7.

7. The heat insulation and preservation plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the phenolic resin and the polyurethane are crushed and sieved to be 100-200 meshes, and the melting temperature is 180-250 ℃.

8. The heat insulation and preservation plastic according to claim 1, characterized in that: the curing agent is an acidic curing agent which is a mixed curing agent of inorganic acid and methanol or a mixed curing agent of organic acid and ethanol.

9. The heat insulation and preservation plastic material as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the inorganic acid is one or a mixture of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.

10. The heat insulation and preservation plastic material as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the organic acid is one or a mixture of oxalic acid, benzene nitric acid, phenol nitric acid and benzene sulfonic acid.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plastics, in particular to a heat insulation plastic and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the beginning of energy crisis, unnecessary energy loss is reduced, and high-efficiency energy utilization is increasingly paid attention, wherein the heat-insulating material is beneficial to reducing unnecessary heat loss. In addition, light weight and reproducibility are also necessary requirements for the development of new materials or functional materials at present.

The heat-insulating material refers to a material capable of retarding heat energy transfer, and can be divided into a traditional heat-insulating material and a novel heat-insulating material. The traditional heat insulation material mainly comprises asbestos, silicate, glass fiber, rock wool and the like; the novel heat insulation material mainly comprises a vacuum plate, aerogel, foamed plastic and the like. Compared with the traditional heat insulation material, the foamed plastic has the advantages of light weight, convenience in construction and the like, is used on the outer wall of a building, prevents hot air in summer or cold air in winter outside the building from entering the room, reduces the frequency of using electric equipment for refrigeration or heating by people, and further reduces the energy consumption. At present, most of heat insulation foamed plastics are polyurethane foamed plastics, polyvinyl chloride foamed plastics or polystyrene foamed plastics, however, the existing heat insulation plastic has the problems that the heat insulation effect is reduced and the like because the heat conductivity coefficient is relatively high and the closed number of pores is small, and heat convection still possibly exists at two sides when the heat insulation plastic is thin, and the application of heat insulation is limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide heat insulation plastic and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a heat insulation plastic comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

the preparation method of the heat insulation plastic comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving phenolic resin and polyurethane in parts by weight, uniformly stirring and mixing, melting, adding sodium sulfate decahydrate, stearic acid alcohol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 60-120 r/min for 30min, adding polysiloxane, a foaming agent and a stabilizer in parts by weight, continuously stirring at the speed of 60-120 r/min for 30-40 min, adding a curing agent in parts by weight at the speed of 60-120 r/min, and stirring for 1-5 min to obtain a mixed solution;

step two: pouring the mixture liquid obtained in the step one into a mold, then placing the mold into an oven with the temperature of 80-90 ℃, foaming and curing for 1-2 hours, foaming and molding, and curing at room temperature to obtain the heat insulation plastic.

Adding lignin and phenol into a reaction container, heating in a water bath at 60 ℃, stirring at the speed of 100-120 r/min for 2-4 h, adding ammonium hydroxide, heating the water bath to 75 ℃, slowly adding paraformaldehyde, heating to 85 ℃, stirring at 120r/min for 1.5-3 h, adding urea, continuously reacting for 1-1.5 h, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain lignin modified phenolic resin; the mass ratio of the lignin, the phenol, the ammonium hydroxide, the paraformaldehyde and the urea is as follows: phenol: ammonium hydroxide: paraformaldehyde: urea 1: 1: 0.05: 3-6: 1 to 2.

The polysiloxane is one or more of polydimethylsiloxane, cyclomethicone, aminosiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane and polyether polysiloxane copolymer.

The foaming agent is a mixed foaming agent of n-pentane and cyclopentane, wherein the mass ratio of n-pentane to cyclopentane is n-pentane: cyclopentane ═ 2: 1-8: 1.

the stabilizer is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, hydroquinone and p-cresol.

And a pH regulator is also included, and in the step one, the pH regulator is added before the stabilizer is added to regulate the pH value to be less than 7.

In the first step, the phenolic resin and the polyurethane are crushed and sieved to be 100-200 meshes, and the melting temperature is 180-250 ℃.

The curing agent is an acidic curing agent which is a mixed curing agent of inorganic acid and methanol or a mixed curing agent of organic acid and ethanol.

The inorganic acid is one or a mixture of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.

The organic acid is one or a mixture of oxalic acid, benzene nitric acid, phenol nitric acid and benzene sulfonic acid.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, phenolic resin and polyurethane are compounded to form foamed plastic, and a flexible polyurethane molecular chain is introduced to a rigid phenolic resin main chain, so that the brittleness of phenolic resin foam is improved, and the toughness of the heat-insulating and heat-preserving plastic is enhanced; and the polyurethane foam forms a unique closed cell structure and is matched with the phenolic foam, so that the prepared heat-insulating plastic has a large number of honeycomb holes and a large number of closed cell structures, and the thin air in the pore channels has a small heat conductivity coefficient, so that the plastic has a good heat-insulating effect, a small heat conductivity coefficient and a high pore closure degree.

2. According to the invention, lignin is used for modifying the phenolic resin, and is introduced into the heat-insulating plastic, so that the phenolic resin has compressive strength and bending strength, the heat-insulating plastic has better mechanical properties, and the lignin is used as a renewable resource for producing the heat-insulating plastic, thereby saving the consumption of fossil energy.

3. According to the invention, polysiloxane is used, and Si-O-C bonds and Si elements are introduced into phenolic resin foam, so that on one hand, Si-O-C increases the compatibility among various materials in the heat-insulation and heat-preservation plastic, and improves the hydrophobicity and structural stability of the materials, so that the heat-insulation and heat-preservation plastic has good mechanical properties, and on the other hand, Si elements increase the combustion resistance and thermal stability of the heat-insulation and heat-preservation plastic.

4. The invention uses the sodium sulfate decahydrate which is a phase-change material, has proper temperature change and large phase-change latent heat, changes the physical phase state within a certain range, is uniformly mixed into the polyurethane foam, has a closed-cell structure, seals and stores the phase-change liquid, solves the leakage of the phase-change material, isolates the heat exchange at two sides of the heat-insulation plastic through the self phase change of the sodium sulfate decahydrate, and realizes the heat insulation effect and the heat preservation effect of the heat-insulation plastic in the coating space.

5. Stearic acid alcohol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate are the surface active agents of the invention, stearic acid alcohol introduces OH group, can bond with each material functional group each other, increase the compatibility among each material in the plastics, meanwhile, stearic acid alcohol can increase the plasticity of plastics; sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate introduces benzene sulfonic acid groups and straight-chain alkyl to assist chemical bonding among phenolic resin, polyurethane, polysiloxane and sodium sulfate decahydrate, so that the components are mutually crosslinked and bonded to obtain an interpenetrating network structure; the foaming agent and the stabilizer are matched, so that the foaming process of the foaming agent on phenolic resin and polyurethane is facilitated, the foaming agent can uniformly foam the phenolic resin and the polyurethane, and the foamed plastic is uniform in pores, smooth and continuous in surface, good in heat insulation effect and good in mechanical property after being subjected to subsequent foaming process control.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A heat insulation plastic comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of phenolic resin, 2 parts of polyurethane, 10 parts of sodium sulfate decahydrate, 5 parts of polysiloxane, 2 parts of stearic acid alcohol, 2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 5 parts of foaming agent, 2 parts of stabilizer and 2 parts of curing agent;

the preparation method of the heat insulation plastic comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: taking phenolic resin and polyurethane in parts by weight, crushing, sieving, stirring, uniformly mixing, melting, adding sodium sulfate decahydrate, stearic acid alcohol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 60r/min for 30min, adding polysiloxane, a foaming agent and a stabilizing agent in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 60r/min for 30min, adding a curing agent in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 60r/min for 1min, and obtaining a mixed solution;

step two: and (3) pouring the mixture liquid obtained in the step one into a mold, then putting the mold into an oven at 80 ℃, foaming and curing for 1h, foaming and molding, and curing at room temperature to obtain the heat-insulating plastic.

Example 2

A heat insulation plastic comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of phenolic resin, 10 parts of polyurethane, 15 parts of sodium sulfate decahydrate, 8 parts of polysiloxane, 6 parts of stearic acid alcohol, 6 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 10 parts of foaming agent, 6 parts of stabilizer and 3 parts of curing agent;

the preparation method of the heat insulation plastic comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving phenolic resin and polyurethane in parts by weight, uniformly stirring and mixing, melting, adding sodium sulfate decahydrate, stearic acid alcohol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 120r/min for 30min, adding polysiloxane, a foaming agent and a stabilizing agent in parts by weight, continuously stirring at the speed of 120r/min for 40min, adding a curing agent in parts by weight, and stirring at the speed of 120r/min for 5min to obtain a mixed solution;

step two: and (3) pouring the mixture liquid obtained in the step one into a mold, then putting the mold into a drying oven at the temperature of 90 ℃, foaming and curing for 2 hours, foaming and molding, and curing at room temperature to obtain the heat-insulating plastic.

Example 3

A heat insulation plastic comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 65 parts of phenolic resin, 7 parts of polyurethane, 13 parts of sodium sulfate decahydrate, 6 parts of polysiloxane, 4 parts of stearic acid alcohol, 4 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 7 parts of foaming agent, 4 parts of stabilizer and 2.5 parts of curing agent;

the preparation method of the heat insulation plastic comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving phenolic resin and polyurethane in parts by weight, uniformly stirring and mixing, melting, adding sodium sulfate decahydrate, stearic acid alcohol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 90r/min for 30min, adding polysiloxane, a foaming agent and a stabilizing agent in parts by weight, continuously stirring at the speed of 90r/min for 35min, adding a curing agent in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 90r/min for 3min, and obtaining a mixed solution;

step two: and (3) pouring the mixture liquid obtained in the step one into a mold, then putting into an oven at 85 ℃, foaming and curing for 1.5h, foaming and molding, and curing at room temperature to obtain the heat-insulating plastic.

Example 4

A heat insulation plastic comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of phenolic resin, 8 parts of polyurethane, 13 parts of sodium sulfate decahydrate, 7 parts of polysiloxane, 5 parts of stearic acid alcohol, 5 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 8 parts of foaming agent, 3 parts of stabilizer and 3 parts of curing agent;

the preparation method of the heat insulation plastic comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: crushing and sieving phenolic resin and polyurethane in parts by weight, uniformly stirring and mixing, melting, adding sodium sulfate decahydrate, stearic acid alcohol and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 30min, adding polysiloxane, foaming agent and stabilizer in parts by weight, stirring at the speed of 80r/min for 38min, adding curing agent in parts by weight and stirring at the speed of 100r/min for 3min to obtain a mixed solution;

step two: and (3) pouring the mixture liquid obtained in the step one into a mold, then putting the mold into an oven at 86 ℃, foaming and curing for 1.8h, foaming and molding, and curing at room temperature to obtain the heat-insulating plastic.

As can be seen from the table, the heat insulation plastic prepared by the invention has the advantages of small heat conductivity coefficient, good heat insulation effect, good mechanical property and wide application range.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.