阅读说明：本技术 一种基于互联网的农业信息化产业化系统 (Agricultural information industrialization system based on internet ) 是由 汪海波 李玲 孙云龙 汪进 于 2021-01-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于互联网的农业信息化产业化系统,包括水稻生长监测系统、给养系统、农药喷洒系统,所述水稻生长监测系统包括根茎轮廓判断模块、叶片轮廓判断模块、生长状况分析模块、长势预测模块,所述根茎轮廓判断模块和叶片轮廓判断模块与生长状况分析模块电连接,所述生长状况分析模块与长势预测模块电连接；所述水稻生长监测系统用于检测水稻的生长,为给养和农药的喷洒提供依据,所述给养系统用于给予水稻生长所需的营养物质,所述农药喷洒系统用于喷洒农药,所述根茎轮廓判断模块用于判断植物的根茎形状高度和大小,所述叶片轮廓判断模块用于判断植物的叶片轮廓形状和大小,本发明,具有日照充分和精确喷洒的特点。(The invention discloses an agricultural information industrialization system based on the internet, which comprises a rice growth monitoring system, a feeding system and a pesticide spraying system, wherein the rice growth monitoring system comprises a rhizome outline judging module, a blade outline judging module, a growth condition analyzing module and a growth condition predicting module; the rice growth monitoring system is used for detecting the growth of rice and providing basis for feeding and pesticide spraying, the feeding system is used for supplying nutrient substances required by the growth of the rice, the pesticide spraying system is used for spraying pesticide, the rhizome contour judging module is used for judging the shape height and the size of roots and stems of plants, and the blade contour judging module is used for judging the shape and the size of blade contours of the plants.)

1. An agricultural information industrialization system based on internet is characterized in that: the rice growth monitoring system comprises a rhizome outline judging module, a blade outline judging module, a growth condition analyzing module and a growth condition predicting module, wherein the rhizome outline judging module and the blade outline judging module are electrically connected with the growth condition analyzing module, and the growth condition analyzing module is electrically connected with the growth condition predicting module;

the rice growth monitoring system is used for detecting the growth of rice and providing basis for feeding and pesticide spraying, the feeding system is used for providing nutrient substances required by the growth of the rice, the rhizome contour judging module is used for judging the height and the size of the shape of a rhizome of a plant, the blade contour judging module is used for judging the shape and the size of the blade contour of the plant, the growth condition analyzing module is used for analyzing the current growth condition of the plant and providing theoretical basis for the feeding system, and the growth condition predicting module is used for predicting the future growth condition of the plant by combining the previous growth condition data to obtain the nutrient data required in the future.

2. The internet-based agricultural information industrialization system of claim 1, wherein: the rhizome contour judging module comprises an ultrathin conductive film wire drawing unit, an electric pulse releasing unit, an electric signal capturing unit, a scattered point recording submodule, a contour screening submodule and a contour fitting submodule;

the ultra-thin conductive film drawing unit is used for drawing one ultra-thin conductive film above each plant, the electric pulse releasing unit is used for releasing electric pulse signals to the ultra-thin conductive film, the electric signal capturing unit is used for capturing electric signals on the ultra-thin conductive film, the scattered point recording module is used for recording punctured points on the ultra-thin conductive film, the contour fitting module is used for fitting the shape contour of the plant rhizome according to the punctured points, and the contour screening sub-module is used for judging whether the plant rhizome is punctured or not and preventing interference of other factors.

3. The internet-based agricultural information industrialization system of claim 2, wherein: the working method of the rhizome outline judging module comprises the following steps:

s1, before the plant germinates, an ultrathin conductive film is drawn out by the ultrathin conductive film drawing unit in the space above the ultrathin conductive film drawing unit, and a gap is left in the middle of the conductive film for the plant to spray pesticide and permeate nutrient substances;

s2, as the plant sprouts and grows, the ultrathin conductive film is punctured, and holes are left on the ultrathin conductive film;

s3, applying an electric signal to one end of the ultrathin conductive film by using the electric pulse release unit, wherein the pulse signal changes in amplitude according to a sine rule, when the attenuation degree of the electric pulse current is obviously higher than that when no hole is formed, the more the number of holes in the same straight line is, the more the attenuation degree is, and the judgment of the transverse position of the electric pulse is carried out according to the amplitude;

s4, capturing an electric pulse signal at the other end of the ultrathin conductive film by using the electric signal capturing unit, judging the size and the number of the holes in the plane area of the ultrathin conductive film according to the amplitude and the attenuation degree of the received electric pulse, and making a scatter diagram in the plane;

s5, paving the ultrathin conductive films upwards layer by layer along with the growth of plants, sending electric pulse signals to each ultrathin conductive film within a certain period, establishing a xoy plane rectangular coordinate system, and overlapping scattering points in the vertical direction to obtain a spatial scattering point diagram;

s6, screening the contour according to the scatter diagram, and obtaining the difference of the attenuation degrees of the electric pulse signals according to the different conductivities of the rootstocks and the leaves, so as to remove the points punctured by the leaves;

and S7, connecting the scatter points on the scatter diagram in space, making a three-dimensional contour diagram of the plants, and obtaining the average volume of the stems of each plant as the basis for spraying.

4. The internet-based agricultural information industrialization system of claim 3, wherein: in the above step S4, the specific formula for calculating the size and number of each hole in the planar area is

Wherein S is the area of the hole, t₁、t₂Is the initial Y-coordinate and the final Y-coordinate of the hole, A₂、A₁The ending and starting amplitudes are the X-direction holes.

5. The internet-based agricultural information industrialization system of claim 4, wherein: the blade contour judging module comprises a blade shape fitting submodule and a hole shape analyzing submodule, and the hole shape analyzing submodule is electrically connected with the contour screening submodule;

the hole shape analysis submodule is used for analyzing the size and the shape of the hole, and the blade shape fitting submodule is used for fitting the flat holes in the upper and lower adjacent areas into the shape of the blade and obtaining the size of the blade.

6. The internet-based agricultural information industrialization system of claim 5, wherein: the specific working process of the blade profile judging module is as follows:

J. the contour screening submodule is used for identifying a hole with a contour shape in a flat hole, and interference of stems and other factors is eliminated;

K. analyzing the shape and size of the flat hole by using a hole shape analysis submodule, combining a plurality of holes which are adjacent up and down and have close x-direction coordinates to obtain the respective height of each leaf, and classifying a plurality of leaves which are adjacent left and right into the same plant for calculation;

and L, calculating to obtain the total leaf area of each plant as the basis of the fertilizing amount.

7. The internet-based agricultural information industrialization system of claim 6, wherein: the feeding system comprises a water spraying unit and a fertilizing unit, the fertilizing unit comprises a fertilizer movement planning module, a fertilizer amount control module and a fertilizer putting module, the water spraying unit comprises a spraying head, a spraying movement planning module and a spraying amount control module, and the spraying amount control module and the fertilizer amount control module are electrically connected with a contour fitting module;

the fertilizer applying unit is used for applying fertilizer to plants in a targeted manner, the fertilizer moving planning module is used for planning the fertilizer applying position by combining the distribution rule of a scatter diagram, the fertilizer amount control module is used for determining the fertilizer feeding amount according to the growth conditions of the plants, the fertilizer feeding module is used for feeding fertilizer according to the positions of the plants, the spraying heads are used for spraying moisture required by the plants, the spraying moving planning module is used for planning the moving tracks of the spraying heads, and the spraying amount control module is used for determining the spraying amount according to the growth conditions of the plants.

8. The internet-based agricultural information industrialization system of claim 7, wherein: the working method of the sprinkling unit and the fertilizing unit for sprinkling and controlling the fertilizer comprises the following steps:

a, counting the distribution position proximity of holes on each layer of ultrathin conductive film, and classifying the holes with the close position distribution to obtain the specific position of each plant;

b, guiding and positioning the positions of the spraying movement planning module and the fertilizer movement planning module according to the position of each plant;

and c, after reaching the spraying and throwing positions, performing targeted control on the fertilizing amount and the spraying amount according to the contour height and the thickness of the plants and the average size of the leaves.

9. The internet-based agricultural information industrialization system of claim 8, wherein: in the step c, the spraying amount is

Where α is a parameter set according to the plant type, i is the measured number of stems per plant, and h is the height of each stem.

10. The internet-based agricultural information industrialization system of claim 9, wherein: in the above-mentioned step c, the step c,

the fertilizing amount is

Wherein beta is a parameter set according to the plant type, p is the measured leaf number, x is the length value of the abscissa in the upper limit interval and the lower limit interval of the leaf hole, H is the height of each leaf, and u is the initial Y-direction coordinate and the final Y-direction coordinate of the strip-shaped hole of the leaf.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural informatization, in particular to an agricultural informatization industrialization system based on the Internet.

Background

The information-based cultivation and development refers to a historical process of bringing benefits to the society by means of new productivity represented by intelligent tools.

The existing agricultural crop culture adopts a mode of uniformly spraying fertilizers, the growth conditions of each plant are different, more nutrients are needed by plants with better growth vigor, and vice versa, uniform spraying can cause over-nutrition of immature plants, and the plants with faster development lack nutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to design an internet-based agricultural information industrialization system with sufficient and accurate sunshine.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an agricultural information industrialization system based on the internet, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an agricultural information industrialization system based on the internet comprises a rice growth monitoring system and a feeding system, wherein the rice growth monitoring system comprises a rhizome outline judging module, a blade outline judging module, a growth condition analyzing module and a growth condition predicting module;

the rice growth monitoring system is used for detecting the growth of rice and providing basis for feeding and pesticide spraying, the feeding system is used for providing nutrient substances required by the growth of the rice, the rhizome contour judging module is used for judging the height and the size of the shape of a rhizome of a plant, the blade contour judging module is used for judging the shape and the size of the blade contour of the plant, the growth condition analyzing module is used for analyzing the current growth condition of the plant and providing theoretical basis for the feeding system, and the growth condition predicting module is used for predicting the future growth condition of the plant by combining the previous growth condition data to obtain the nutrient data required in the future.

According to the technical scheme, the rhizome contour judging module comprises an ultrathin conductive film wire drawing unit, an electric pulse releasing unit, an electric signal capturing unit, a scattered point recording submodule, a contour screening submodule and a contour fitting submodule;

the ultra-thin conductive film drawing unit is used for drawing one ultra-thin conductive film above each plant, the electric pulse releasing unit is used for releasing electric pulse signals to the ultra-thin conductive film, the electric signal capturing unit is used for capturing electric signals on the ultra-thin conductive film, the scattered point recording module is used for recording punctured points on the ultra-thin conductive film, the contour fitting module is used for fitting the shape contour of the plant rhizome according to the punctured points, and the contour screening sub-module is used for judging whether the plant rhizome is punctured or not and preventing interference of other factors.

According to the technical scheme, the working method of the rhizome outline judgment module comprises the following steps:

s1, before the plant germinates, an ultrathin conductive film is drawn out by the ultrathin conductive film drawing unit in the space above the ultrathin conductive film drawing unit, and a gap is left in the middle of the conductive film for the plant to spray pesticide and permeate nutrient substances;

s2, as the plant sprouts and grows, the ultrathin conductive film is punctured, and holes are left on the ultrathin conductive film;

s3, applying an electric signal to one end of the ultrathin conductive film by using the electric pulse release unit, wherein the pulse signal changes in amplitude according to a sine rule, when the attenuation degree of the electric pulse current is obviously higher than that when no hole is formed, the more the number of holes in the same straight line is, the more the attenuation degree is, and the judgment of the transverse position of the electric pulse is carried out according to the amplitude;

s4, capturing an electric pulse signal at the other end of the ultrathin conductive film by using the electric signal capturing unit, judging the size and the number of the holes in the plane area of the ultrathin conductive film according to the amplitude and the attenuation degree of the received electric pulse, and making a scatter diagram in the plane;

s5, paving the ultrathin conductive films upwards layer by layer along with the growth of plants, sending electric pulse signals to each ultrathin conductive film within a certain period, establishing a xoy plane rectangular coordinate system, and overlapping scattering points in the vertical direction to obtain a spatial scattering point diagram;

s6, screening the contour according to the scatter diagram, and obtaining the difference of the attenuation degrees of the electric pulse signals according to the different conductivities of the rootstocks and the leaves, so as to remove the points punctured by the leaves;

and S7, connecting the scatter points on the scatter diagram in space, making a three-dimensional contour diagram of the plants, and obtaining the average volume of the stems of each plant as the basis for spraying.

According to the above technical solution, in the step S4, the specific formula for calculating the size and number of each hole in the planar area is

Wherein S is the area of the hole, t₁、t₂Is the initial Y-coordinate and the final Y-coordinate of the hole, A₂、 A₁The ending and starting amplitudes are the X-direction holes.

According to the technical scheme, the blade contour judging module comprises a blade shape fitting submodule and a hole shape analyzing submodule, and the hole shape analyzing submodule is electrically connected with the contour screening submodule;

the hole shape analysis submodule is used for analyzing the size and the shape of the hole, and the blade shape fitting submodule is used for fitting the flat holes in the upper and lower adjacent areas into the shape of the blade and obtaining the size of the blade.

According to the technical scheme, the specific working process of the blade contour judging module is as follows:

J. the contour screening submodule is used for identifying a hole with a contour shape in a flat hole, and interference of stems and other factors is eliminated;

K. analyzing the shape and size of the flat hole by using a hole shape analysis submodule, combining a plurality of holes which are adjacent up and down and have close x-direction coordinates to obtain the respective height of each leaf, and classifying a plurality of leaves which are adjacent left and right into the same plant for calculation;

and L, calculating to obtain the total leaf area of each plant as the basis of the fertilizing amount.

According to the technical scheme, the feeding system comprises a water spraying unit and a fertilizing unit, the fertilizing unit comprises a fertilizer movement planning module, a fertilizer amount control module and a fertilizer putting module, the water spraying unit comprises a spraying head, a spraying movement planning module and a spraying amount control module, and the spraying amount control module and the fertilizer amount control module are electrically connected with a contour fitting module;

the fertilizer applying unit is used for applying fertilizer to plants in a targeted manner, the fertilizer moving planning module is used for planning the fertilizer applying position by combining the distribution rule of a scatter diagram, the fertilizer amount control module is used for determining the fertilizer feeding amount according to the growth conditions of the plants, the fertilizer feeding module is used for feeding fertilizer according to the positions of the plants, the spraying heads are used for spraying moisture required by the plants, the spraying moving planning module is used for planning the moving tracks of the spraying heads, and the spraying amount control module is used for determining the spraying amount according to the growth conditions of the plants.

According to the technical scheme, the working method for spraying the water spraying unit and the fertilizing unit and controlling the fertilizer comprises the following steps:

a, counting the distribution position proximity of holes on each layer of ultrathin conductive film, and classifying the holes with the close position distribution to obtain the specific position of each plant;

b, guiding and positioning the positions of the spraying movement planning module and the fertilizer movement planning module according to the position of each plant;

and c, after reaching the spraying and throwing positions, performing targeted control on the fertilizing amount and the spraying amount according to the contour height and the thickness of the plants and the average size of the leaves.

According to the technical scheme, in the step c, the spraying amount is

Where α is a parameter set according to the plant type, i is the measured number of stems per plant, and h is the height of each stem.

According to the above technical solution, in the step c,

the fertilizing amount is

Wherein beta is a parameter set according to the plant type, p is the measured leaf number, x is the length value of the abscissa in the upper limit interval and the lower limit interval of the leaf hole, H is the height of each leaf, and u is the initial Y-direction coordinate and the final Y-direction coordinate of the strip-shaped hole of the leaf.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the rice growth monitoring module is arranged, so that the growth attribute of the plant can be monitored, the culture plan suitable for each plant is customized, nutrient substances are not wasted, and the culture effect is better.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides the technical scheme that: an agricultural information industrialization system based on the internet comprises a rice growth monitoring system and a feeding system, wherein the rice growth monitoring system comprises a rhizome outline judging module, a blade outline judging module, a growth condition analyzing module and a growth condition predicting module;

the rice growth monitoring system is used for detecting the growth of rice and providing basis for feeding and pesticide spraying, the feeding system is used for providing nutrient substances required by the growth of the rice, the rhizome outline judging module is used for judging the height and the size of the shape of a rhizome of a plant, the leaf outline judging module is used for judging the shape and the size of the leaf outline of the plant, the growth condition analyzing module is used for analyzing the current growth condition of the plant and providing theoretical basis for the feeding system, the growth condition predicting module is used for predicting the future growth condition of the plant by combining the previous growth condition data to obtain the data of nutrition required in the future, the growth attribute of the plant can be monitored by utilizing the modules, a culture plan suitable for each plant is customized, no nutrient substances are wasted, and the culture effect is better;

the rhizome contour judging module comprises an ultrathin conductive film wire drawing unit, an electric pulse releasing unit, an electric signal capturing unit, a scattered point recording submodule, a contour screening submodule and a contour fitting submodule;

the ultra-thin conductive film drawing unit is used for drawing one ultra-thin conductive film above each plant, the electrical pulse releasing unit is used for releasing electrical pulse signals to the ultra-thin conductive film, the electrical signal capturing unit is used for capturing electrical signals on the ultra-thin conductive film, the scattered point recording module is used for recording punctured points on the ultra-thin conductive film, the contour fitting module is used for fitting the shape contour of plant roots and stems according to the punctured points, the contour screening submodule is used for judging whether the punctured points of the leaves or the punctured points of the roots and stems are detected to prevent interference of other factors, the ultra-thin conductive film is used for covering the surface of the plant, the shapes of the leaves, stems and the like of the plant can be conveniently detected, the growth of the plant is not hindered, the ultra-thin conductive film is quite convenient, is preferably made of degradable materials and is convenient;

the working method of the rhizome outline judging module comprises the following steps:

s1, before the plant germinates, an ultrathin conductive film is drawn out by the ultrathin conductive film drawing unit in the space above the ultrathin conductive film drawing unit, and a gap is left in the middle of the conductive film for the plant to spray pesticide and permeate nutrient substances;

s2, as the plant sprouts and grows, the ultrathin conductive film is punctured, and holes are left on the ultrathin conductive film;

s3, applying an electric signal to one end of the ultrathin conductive film by using the electric pulse release unit, wherein the pulse signal changes in amplitude according to a sine rule, when the attenuation degree of the electric pulse current is obviously higher than that when no hole is formed, the more the number of holes in the same straight line is, the more the attenuation degree is, and the judgment of the transverse position of the electric pulse is carried out according to the amplitude;

s4, capturing an electric pulse signal at the other end of the ultrathin conductive film by using the electric signal capturing unit, judging the size and the number of the holes in the plane area of the ultrathin conductive film according to the amplitude and the attenuation degree of the received electric pulse, and making a scatter diagram in the plane;

s5, paving the ultrathin conductive films upwards layer by layer along with the growth of plants, sending electric pulse signals to each ultrathin conductive film within a certain period, establishing a xoy plane rectangular coordinate system, and overlapping scattering points in the vertical direction to obtain a spatial scattering point diagram;

s6, screening the contour according to the scatter diagram, and obtaining the difference of the attenuation degrees of the electric pulse signals according to the different conductivities of the rootstocks and the leaves, so as to remove the points punctured by the leaves;

s7, connecting scattered points on the scattered point diagram in space, making a three-dimensional outline diagram of the plants, obtaining the average volume of the stem of each plant, taking the average volume as a basis for spraying, and using the method to judge the outline shape of the stem of the plant, wherein the shape identification is accurate and can be accurate to each plant, thereby facilitating the subsequent work;

in the above step S4, the specific formula for calculating the size and number of each hole in the planar area is

Wherein S is the area of the hole, t₁、t₂Is the initial Y-coordinate and the final Y-coordinate of the hole, A₂、 A₁The ending amplitude and the starting amplitude of the X-direction hole are calculated by utilizing the superposition of the cross sections of the holes in the direction of numerous Y axes to carry out integral calculation, so that the size of the hole can be more accurately obtained, the method is suitable for holes with different properties, and the detection of the cross section is more accurate;

the blade contour judging module comprises a blade shape fitting submodule and a hole shape analyzing submodule, and the hole shape analyzing submodule is electrically connected with the contour screening submodule;

the hole shape analysis submodule is used for analyzing the size and the shape of the hole, and the blade shape fitting submodule is used for fitting the flat holes in the upper and lower adjacent areas into the shape of the blade and obtaining the size of the blade;

the specific working process of the blade profile judging module is as follows:

J. the contour screening submodule is used for identifying a hole with a contour shape in a flat hole, and interference of stems and other factors is eliminated;

K. analyzing the shape and size of the flat hole by using a hole shape analysis submodule, combining a plurality of holes which are adjacent up and down and have close x-direction coordinates to obtain the respective height of each leaf, and classifying a plurality of leaves which are adjacent left and right into the same plant for calculation;

l, calculating to obtain the total leaf area of each plant as the basis of the fertilizing amount, and using the ultrathin conductive film as the basis for judging the outline to obtain the shape outline of the plant so as to accurately and quantitatively master the growth condition, so that withered plants with poor growth vigor are removed according to the outline to prevent the plants from competing for nutrients;

the feeding system comprises a watering unit and a fertilizing unit, the fertilizing unit comprises a fertilizer movement planning module, a fertilizer amount control module and a fertilizer putting module, the watering unit comprises a spraying head, a spraying movement planning module and a spraying amount control module, and the spraying amount control module and the fertilizer amount control module are electrically connected with a contour fitting module;

the fertilizer applying unit is used for applying fertilizer to plants in a targeted manner, the fertilizer moving planning module is used for planning the fertilizer applying position by combining the distribution rule of a scatter diagram, the fertilizer amount control module is used for determining the fertilizer adding amount according to the growth conditions of the plants, the fertilizer adding module is used for adding the fertilizer according to the positions of the plants, the spraying heads are used for spraying moisture required by the plants, the spraying moving planning module is used for planning the moving tracks of the spraying heads, and the spraying amount control module is used for determining the spraying amount according to the growth conditions of the plants;

the working method of the sprinkling unit and the fertilizing unit for sprinkling and controlling the fertilizer comprises the following steps:

a, counting the distribution position proximity of holes on each layer of ultrathin conductive film, and classifying the holes with the close position distribution to obtain the specific position of each plant;

b, guiding and positioning the positions of the spraying movement planning module and the fertilizer movement planning module according to the position of each plant;

c, after reaching the spraying and throwing positions, controlling the targeted fertilizing amount and the spraying amount according to the contour height and the thickness of the plants and the average size of the leaves, integrating the fertilization and the spraying, realizing the targeted spraying of each plant, realizing accurate and convenient positioning of the spraying effect, and accurately spraying the fertilizer;

in the step c, the spraying amount is

In the formula, alpha is a parameter set according to the type of the plant, i is the measured number of the stems of each plant, h is the height of each stem, and as the water quantity required by the plant is positively correlated with the volume of the plant and the volume of the plant is positively correlated with the volume of the stem, the total volume of the stems of the plant is calculated according to the length and the cross section area of each stem by using a formula to quantify the spraying quantity of the plant, so that the over-spraying effect caused by different plant adaptability is prevented;

in the above-mentioned step c, the step c,

the fertilizing amount is

In the formula, beta is a parameter set according to plant types, p is the measured quantity of leaves, x is a length value of an abscissa in upper and lower limit intervals of a leaf hole, H is the height of each leaf, u is an initial Y-direction coordinate and a termination Y-direction coordinate of a strip-shaped hole representing the leaf, research shows that the size and the abundance degree of the plant leaves are positively correlated with the requirement of fertilizer, the formula is fitted through the size and the height of each flat hole, the area of each leaf is calculated and accumulated to obtain the area of each plant leaf, and the area is used as the basis of the fertilizer application amount of the plant, so that the fertilizer application effect is accurate, and the fertilizer is not wasted.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.