阅读说明：本技术 一种多波束切换圆柱阵列天线结构及雷达系统 (Multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure and radar system ) 是由 黄默 孙正阳 胡静远 谢垚 王长元 荆琛 于 2020-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种多波束切换圆柱阵列天线结构及雷达系统,包括：在俯仰向上相对设置的发射模块和接收模块；其中,所述发射模块和所述接收模块之间设置有金属缝隙；所述发射模块包括多个在方位向上呈圆周分布的发射阵元,所述接收模块包括在所述方位向上多个呈圆周分布的接收阵元；所述发射阵元和所述接收阵元的数量相同,在所述俯仰向上一一对应设置。基于该多波束切换圆柱阵列天线结构,在发射模块部分,通过对各通道相位控制,即可实现多种波束任意切换和组合,实现360°空间的全覆盖,形成特定的发射波形,在有限的发射功率的情况下提高探测距离。在接收模块部分,通过多个所述接收阵元独立接收信号,可增大主波束范围内的信号能量。(The invention provides a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure and a radar system, comprising: the transmitting module and the receiving module are oppositely arranged in the pitching direction; a metal gap is arranged between the transmitting module and the receiving module; the transmitting module comprises a plurality of transmitting array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction, and the receiving module comprises a plurality of receiving array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction; the number of the transmitting array elements is the same as that of the receiving array elements, and the transmitting array elements and the receiving array elements are arranged in the pitching direction in a one-to-one correspondence mode. Based on the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, in the transmitting module part, through controlling the phase of each channel, the random switching and combination of multiple beams can be realized, the full coverage of 360-degree space is realized, a specific transmitting waveform is formed, and the detection distance is increased under the condition of limited transmitting power. In the receiving module part, the signals are independently received by a plurality of receiving array elements, so that the signal energy in the main beam range can be increased.)

1. A multi-beam switched cylindrical array antenna structure, comprising: the transmitting module and the receiving module are oppositely arranged in the pitching direction;

a metal gap is arranged between the transmitting module and the receiving module;

the transmitting module comprises a plurality of transmitting array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction, and the receiving module comprises a plurality of receiving array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction;

the number of the transmitting array elements is the same as that of the receiving array elements, and the transmitting array elements and the receiving array elements are arranged in the pitching direction in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

2. The multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the number of transmit and receive elements is eight.

3. The multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein adjacent two of the transmit array elements are spaced 45 ° apart;

and the interval between two adjacent receiving array elements is 45 degrees.

4. The multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the transmit and receive elements are waveguide slot elements;

the waveguide slot array element comprises: a plurality of radiating apertures in the elevation direction, and one radiating aperture in the azimuth direction.

5. The multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure of claim 4, wherein the number of radiation slots in the elevation direction is four.

6. The multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the operating bandwidths of the transmit and receive elements are each much greater than 0.8 GHz.

7. The multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure of claim 1, wherein a plurality of the receive array elements receive signals independently.

8. A radar system comprising the multi-beam switched cylindrical array antenna structure of any one of claims 1-7.

9. The radar system of claim 8, further comprising: a signal processing device;

the signal processing device comprises an N-division power divider, wherein N is the same as the number of the transmitting array elements; the one-N power divider is used for equally dividing the received radio frequency signal into N parts;

and each path of the one-to-N power divider is respectively connected with one transmitting array element through a switch module and a phase shifter.

10. The radar system of claim 9, further comprising: a mixing module and an ADC module;

the frequency mixing module is used for mixing a high-frequency radio frequency signal with a local oscillator signal and outputting a low-frequency intermediate frequency analog signal;

and the ADC module is used for converting the intermediate-frequency analog signal into a digital signal, performing algorithm processing on the digital signal and extracting the position and speed information of a detection target.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of antenna design, in particular to a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure and a radar system.

Background

The antenna is one of the most critical components of the radar system, and 360-degree coverage of the whole space is realized by means of array radar and mechanical scanning.

For an antenna part based on the existing array radar, various array structures exist, such as a linear array, a circular array, a cylindrical array, a planar array, a cross array, and the like, and the circular array and the cylindrical array are good implementation modes in order to realize 360-degree omnidirectional coverage. In the circular array, the target is positioned on a plane only, and the target is positioned on a two-dimensional plane through target parameters and azimuth angles. In the cylindrical array, the target can be positioned in three-dimensional space, the coverage range of the target in the azimuth direction is 360 degrees, and the coverage range of the target in the elevation direction is 180 degrees.

In order to realize the full coverage of the whole 360-degree space, when the existing array radar carries out transmission beam synthesis, the whole 360-degree coverage is realized by synthesizing a single wide beam, but the technical scheme has high requirements on the characteristics of array elements, and simultaneously, the transmission power is also higher, so that the power consumption of the whole equipment is increased.

Based on the mechanical scanning method, in the case of realizing full coverage of the whole 360 ° space, a servo turntable system needs to be configured for the radar, and the turntable system is utilized to mechanically rotate to realize the 360 ° coverage of the whole space.

However, the servo turntable system is configured, so that the equipment is large in size and weight, time and labor are wasted in portable installation, and the application in natural environment is not facilitated. Meanwhile, mechanical abrasion exists during mechanical scanning, so that the service life of the radar is short, and the failure rate is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure and a radar system, and the technical solution is as follows:

a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, comprising: the transmitting module and the receiving module are oppositely arranged in the pitching direction;

a metal gap is arranged between the transmitting module and the receiving module;

the transmitting module comprises a plurality of transmitting array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction, and the receiving module comprises a plurality of receiving array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction;

the number of the transmitting array elements is the same as that of the receiving array elements, and the transmitting array elements and the receiving array elements are arranged in the pitching direction in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

Optionally, in the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, the number of the transmitting array elements and the number of the receiving array elements are eight.

Optionally, in the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, two adjacent transmitting array elements are spaced by 45 °;

and the interval between two adjacent receiving array elements is 45 degrees.

Optionally, in the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, the transmitting array element and the receiving array element are both waveguide slot array elements;

the waveguide slot array element comprises: a plurality of radiating apertures in the elevation direction, and one radiating aperture in the azimuth direction.

Optionally, in the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, the number of the radiation slots in the elevation direction is four.

Optionally, in the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, the operating bandwidths of the transmitting array element and the receiving array element are both much greater than 0.8 GHz.

Optionally, in the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, a plurality of the receiving array elements receive signals independently.

A radar system comprising any one of the multi-beam switched cylindrical array antenna structures described above.

Optionally, in the radar system, the radar system further includes: a signal processing device;

the signal processing device comprises an N-division power divider, wherein N is the same as the number of the transmitting array elements; the one-N power divider is used for equally dividing the received radio frequency signal into N parts;

and each path of the one-to-N power divider is respectively connected with one transmitting array element through a switch module and a phase shifter.

Optionally, in the radar system, the radar system further includes: a mixing module and an ADC module;

the frequency mixing module is used for mixing a high-frequency radio frequency signal with a local oscillator signal and outputting a low-frequency intermediate frequency analog signal;

and the ADC module is used for converting the intermediate-frequency analog signal into a digital signal, performing algorithm processing on the digital signal and extracting the position and speed information of a detection target.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, which comprises: the transmitting module and the receiving module are oppositely arranged in the pitching direction; the transmitting module and the receiving module are provided with metal gaps; the transmitting module comprises a plurality of transmitting array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction, and the receiving module comprises a plurality of receiving array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction; the number of the transmitting array elements is the same as that of the receiving array elements, and the transmitting array elements and the receiving array elements are arranged in the pitching direction in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

Based on the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure, in the transmitting module part, through controlling the phase of each channel, the random switching and combination of multiple beams can be realized, the full coverage of 360-degree space is realized, a specific transmitting waveform is formed, and the detection distance is increased under the condition of limited transmitting power. In the receiving module part, the signals are independently received by a plurality of receiving array elements, so that the signal energy in the main beam range can be increased.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a top view of a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a front view of a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of isolation between a transmitting module and a receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving array element or a transmitting array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 6 is a schematic voltage standing wave ratio diagram of a receiving array element or a transmitting array element according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of signal driving of a transmitting module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 8 is a synthesized transmit antenna pattern with different phase differences between adjacent transmit array elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a synthesized transmit antenna pattern with different phase differences between adjacent transmit array elements according to another embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 10 is a synthesized transmit antenna pattern with different phase differences between adjacent transmit array elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a synthesized transmit antenna pattern with different phase differences for adjacent transmit array elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 12 is a synthesized transmit antenna pattern with different phase differences for adjacent transmit array elements according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of signal driving of a receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 14 is an azimuth direction diagram of eight receiving array elements according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a top view of a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a front view of a multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure comprises: the transmitting module and the receiving module are oppositely arranged in the pitching direction;

a metal gap is arranged between the transmitting module and the receiving module;

the transmitting module comprises a plurality of transmitting array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction, and the receiving module comprises a plurality of receiving array elements which are distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction;

the number of the transmitting array elements is the same as that of the receiving array elements, and the transmitting array elements and the receiving array elements are arranged in the pitching direction in a one-to-one correspondence mode.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a transmitting module is arranged above the cylindrical array, a receiving module is arranged below the cylindrical array, and a metal gap is arranged between the transmitting module and the receiving module.

Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an isolation between a transmitting module and a receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The metal gap is mainly used for prolonging the transmission distance of the microwave signal sent by the transmitting module to the receiving module through the metal surface, increasing the signal attenuation, and reducing the receiving and transmitting crosstalk, thereby improving the isolation between the receiving and transmitting antenna modules.

As shown in fig. 4, it can be seen that the isolation between the transmitting module and the receiving module is mostly greater than 60 dB.

Further, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the number of the transmitting array elements and the number of the receiving array elements are eight.

In this embodiment, the transmitting array elements are formed by eight identical array element units distributed circumferentially in the azimuth direction, and adjacent two transmitting array elements are spaced by 45 °.

The receiving array elements are also distributed in a circle by eight same array element units in the azimuth direction, and the interval between two adjacent receiving array elements is 45 degrees.

Further, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a receiving array element or a transmitting array element provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

The transmitting array element and the receiving array element are waveguide slot array elements;

the waveguide slot array element comprises: a plurality of radiating apertures in the elevation direction, and one radiating aperture in the azimuth direction.

In this embodiment, the transmitting array element and the receiving array element are both in the form of waveguide slot array elements, and the waveguide slot array elements include a plurality of radiation slots along the pitch direction and one radiation slot along the azimuth direction, and a specific waveguide is in the form of an unequal-arm ridge waveguide.

Optionally, the number of the radiation slits in the pitching direction is four.

Further, based on the above embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic voltage standing wave ratio diagram of a receiving array element or a transmitting array element according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The working bandwidth of the transmitting array element and the working bandwidth of the receiving array element are both far larger than 0.8 GHz.

In the embodiment, the working bandwidth is far beyond 08GHz, and the method has a wide application prospect in a broadband detection radar.

Further, based on the above-mentioned embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of signal driving of a transmitting module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a single rf signal is divided into eight signals by a power divider, and each signal includes, but is not limited to, one switch control module and one phase shifter connected to each transmitting array element.

As shown in fig. 7, eight transmitting array elements are uniformly distributed on a ring, in the transmitting module, the radiation beam of a single transmitting array element points to the normal direction of the antenna, and according to the principle of a phased array antenna, the beam of each transmitting array element can be synthesized by controlling the feeding phase difference of different transmitting array elements, so that the beam shape is changed.

The conventional phased array adopts a planar array, all transmitting array elements point to the same direction to synthesize a beam, and the pointing direction of the synthesized beam is controlled by controlling the feeding phase difference of different transmitting array elements.

However, in the embodiment of the present invention, eight transmitting array elements are arranged in a fully symmetric octagonal circular array, and the normal included angle of adjacent antenna elements is 45 °.

When the feeding phase difference of the adjacent transmitting array elements is integral multiple of 45 degrees, the feeding phase difference of the eight transmitting array elements has complete rotation symmetry, so four or eight completely symmetrical beams can be formed.

Referring to fig. 8-12, fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a combined transmit antenna pattern with different phase differences between adjacent transmit array elements according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a synthesized transmit antenna pattern with different phase differences between adjacent transmit array elements according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a synthesized transmit antenna pattern of another adjacent transmit array element with different phase differences according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a synthesized transmit antenna pattern of another adjacent transmit array element with different phase differences according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a synthesized transmit antenna pattern of another adjacent transmit array element with different phase differences according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In fig. 8-12, the Radiation Pattern represents a Radiation Pattern;

last Adaptive Fred is 9.6GHz, Phi is 0 deg. for single frequency point mode, center frequency 9.6GHz, and initial phase 0 °.

As can be seen from fig. 8 to 12, in the actual use process, a plurality of combination modes are adopted, and a plurality of beam modes are switched to completely cover a full angle of 360 °.

Further, based on the above embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 13, fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of signal driving of a receiving module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The frequency mixing module mixes high-frequency radio frequency signals with local oscillation signals, outputs low-frequency intermediate frequency analog signals and reduces the pressure of subsequent signal acquisition.

The ADC module converts the intermediate frequency analog signal into a digital signal, and the digital signal is processed by an algorithm to extract the position and speed information of the detection target.

As shown in fig. 13, in the receiving module, eight receiving array elements are directional array elements, a plurality of the receiving array elements receive signals independently, and the eight receiving array elements are uniformly distributed on a ring as the same as the transmitting array elements.

Referring to fig. 14, fig. 14 is a directional diagram of eight receiving array elements according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The 3dB beamwidth in the single array element azimuth pattern is about 90.

As can be seen from the above description, in the transmitting module, the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure provided in the embodiments of the present invention can implement arbitrary switching and combination of multiple beams by controlling the phases of the channels, implement full coverage of a 360 ° space, form a specific transmitting waveform, and improve the detection distance under the condition of limited transmitting power. In the receiving module part, the signals are independently received by a plurality of receiving array elements, so that the signal energy in the main beam range can be increased.

And because the receiving module and the transmitting module in the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure are separately arranged, the transmitting array element is driven in a phase control mode, and the receiving unit receives the signals independently without a ranging blind area, thereby being beneficial to near-earth detection.

That is to say, the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure provided by the invention can realize omnidirectional detection under severe natural conditions and in complex application scenes, avoids the problems of complex equipment and low failure rate caused by mechanical scanning, and has excellent hiding capability while ensuring the near-earth detection capability.

Based on all the above embodiments of the present invention, in another embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a radar system, including the multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure of the above embodiments.

The radar system further includes: a signal processing device;

the signal processing device comprises an N-division power divider, wherein N is the same as the number of the transmitting array elements; the one-N power divider is used for equally dividing the received radio frequency signal into N parts;

and each path of the one-to-N power divider is respectively connected with one transmitting array element through a switch module and a phase shifter.

In this embodiment, the one-to-N power divider is a one-to-eight power divider, and the single rf signal is divided into eight signals by one power divider, and each path includes but is not limited to be connected to each transmitting array element through a switch control module and a phase shifter.

As shown in fig. 7, eight transmitting array elements are uniformly distributed on a ring, in the transmitting module, the radiation beam of a single transmitting array element points to the normal direction of the antenna, and according to the principle of a phased array antenna, the beam of each transmitting array element can be synthesized by controlling the feeding phase difference of different transmitting array elements, so that the beam shape is changed.

The conventional phased array adopts a planar array, all transmitting array elements point to the same direction to synthesize a beam, and the pointing direction of the synthesized beam is controlled by controlling the feeding phase difference of different transmitting array elements.

However, in the embodiment of the present invention, eight transmitting array elements are arranged in a fully symmetric octagonal circular array, and the normal included angle of adjacent antenna elements is 45 °.

When the feeding phase difference of the adjacent transmitting array elements is integral multiple of 45 degrees, the feeding phase difference of the eight transmitting array elements has complete rotation symmetry, so four or eight completely symmetrical beams can be formed.

As can be seen from fig. 8 to 12, in the actual use process, a plurality of combination modes are adopted, and a plurality of beam modes are switched to completely cover a full angle of 360 °.

Further, based on the above embodiment of the present invention, the radar system further includes: a mixing module and an ADC module.

The frequency mixing module is used for mixing a high-frequency radio frequency signal with a local oscillator signal and outputting a low-frequency intermediate frequency analog signal;

and the ADC module is used for converting the intermediate-frequency analog signal into a digital signal, performing algorithm processing on the digital signal and extracting the position and speed information of a detection target.

As shown in fig. 13, in the receiving module, eight receiving array elements are directional array elements, a plurality of the receiving array elements receive signals independently, and the eight receiving array elements are uniformly distributed on a ring as the same as the transmitting array elements.

As shown in fig. 14, the 3dB beamwidth in the single element azimuth pattern is about 90 °.

The multi-beam switching cylindrical array antenna structure and the radar system provided by the invention are introduced in detail, specific examples are applied in the description to explain the principle and the implementation mode of the invention, and the description of the embodiments is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are all described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.

It is further noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include or include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.