阅读说明：本技术 一种大容量电池的安全结构 (Safety structure of large-capacity battery ) 是由 郑高锋 雷政军 翟腾飞 刘毅 张三学 于 2021-08-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种大容量电池的安全结构,包括电池主体,设置在电池主体上的泄压口,还包括与泄压口连接的消防腔；所述消防腔包括与泄压口连接的泄压通道、设置在泄压通道外围的灭火剂容纳腔、以及设置控制装置,所述控制装置检测泄压通道内可燃气体的浓度,并根据可燃气体的浓度控制灭火剂的喷放流量；其中,所述控制装置设置在泄压口附近。当电池发生热失控而导致泄压口打开,电池内部的各种物质向外喷放时,灭火剂喷放控制装置启动并按照电池热失控时喷放可燃物质的浓度控制灭火剂的喷放流量,并使灭火剂与可燃物质一起混合后使其浓度始终保持在可燃浓度以下。(The application discloses a safety structure of a large-capacity battery, which comprises a battery main body, a pressure relief opening arranged on the battery main body and a fire fighting cavity connected with the pressure relief opening; the fire fighting cavity comprises a pressure relief channel connected with the pressure relief port, a fire extinguishing agent accommodating cavity arranged on the periphery of the pressure relief channel and a control device, wherein the control device detects the concentration of combustible gas in the pressure relief channel and controls the spraying flow of the fire extinguishing agent according to the concentration of the combustible gas; wherein the control device is arranged near the pressure relief opening. When the pressure relief port is opened due to thermal runaway of the battery, and various substances in the battery are sprayed outwards, the fire extinguishing agent spraying control device is started, the spraying flow of the fire extinguishing agent is controlled according to the concentration of the combustible substances sprayed when the battery is thermally runaway, and the concentration of the fire extinguishing agent and the combustible substances is kept below the combustible concentration after being mixed together.)

1. A safety structure of a large-capacity battery comprises a battery main body and a pressure relief port arranged on the battery main body, and is characterized by further comprising a fire-fighting cavity connected with the pressure relief port;

the fire fighting cavity comprises a pressure relief channel connected with the pressure relief port, a fire extinguishing agent accommodating cavity arranged on the periphery of the pressure relief channel and a control device, wherein the control device detects the concentration of combustible gas in the pressure relief channel and controls the spraying flow of the fire extinguishing agent according to the concentration of the combustible gas;

wherein the control device is arranged near the pressure relief opening.

2. A safety structure of a large capacity battery as defined in claim 1, comprising a pressure relief film, said pressure relief port being sealed from the fire fighting cavity by the pressure relief film.

3. A safety structure of a large-capacity battery according to claim 1, wherein a cooling material is provided in the pressure relief passage.

4. A safety structure of a large-capacity battery in accordance with claim 3, wherein said cooling material is one or more of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic body, and silica.

5. A safety structure of a large-capacity battery according to claim 1, wherein said fire extinguishing agent is one or more of alkyl halide and ketone halide.

6. A safety structure of a large-capacity battery according to claim 5, wherein said alkyl halide is one or more of perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane and perfluorohexane;

the halogenated ketone is one or the combination of perfluoroacetone and perfluorohexanone.

7. A safety structure of a large capacity battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fire-fighting chamber is provided with an exhaust port, said exhaust port being communicated with an explosion venting passage.

8. A safety structure of a large-capacity battery as set forth in claim 7, wherein a moisture-proof film is provided on said air vent.

9. A safety structure of a large capacity battery as defined in claim 8, wherein said air discharge port is externally connected to an air discharge duct, or an air bag.

Technical Field

This application belongs to battery technical field, concretely relates to large capacity battery safety pressure release structure.

Background

The lithium battery is a novel battery with high specific energy, high voltage, long service life, no harm to the environment and no memory, the lithium battery with the traditional structure can generate a large amount of heat in the working process, and the heat conductivity of the lithium battery material is poor, so the heat inside the lithium battery with the structure can be rapidly accumulated, the temperature of the lithium battery is too high, the performance of the lithium battery can be further reduced or thermal runaway can be caused, and dangerous consequences such as combustion or explosion can be caused seriously.

The safety structure of the lithium battery is provided with the modes of improving the heat dissipation performance, cooling the battery and the like, and the modes of arranging a pressure relief port, collecting an air bag and the like are provided. The improvement of the heat dissipation performance of the battery and the cooling of the battery are safety measures in advance of the battery, and the arrangement of the pressure relief port and the collection air bag is a safety remedy for the real thermal runaway of the battery. When the pressure relief port is opened due to thermal runaway of the lithium battery, electrolyte, positive and negative electrode materials and other substances in the lithium battery are sprayed into the environment along with high temperature in the battery, the substances, particularly the electrolyte, are extremely combustible substances, the temperature is higher than the self-ignition point of the electrolyte when the electrolyte is sprayed out, the electrolyte and the self-ignition point can be immediately combusted in the air, and other substances near the battery are ignited, so that secondary damage is caused. Generally, a fire caused by thermal runaway of a lithium battery is difficult to extinguish, and the fire can only wait for combustible substances in the battery to burn out, so that once the thermal runaway of the battery occurs, the main problem to be solved by the safety structure is to reduce the degree of secondary damage.

Patent CN212700167U, CN110478842A etc. set up the fire control chamber to the battery package outside, set up gaseous fire extinguishing agent in the fire control chamber, seal up fire extinguishing agent and drive gas together and form the fire extinguishing agent of area pressure, the oral area of fire extinguishing gas is opened by drive gas's pressure drive fire extinguishing agent and is put out a fire to the battery when the battery takes place the thermal runaway, when putting out a fire with this kind of mode, because the temperature when the battery thermal runaway is higher, the time is also longer, it explodes to probably cause the fire extinguishing agent of area pressure like this, also probably cause the too early release of fire extinguishing agent to finish reaching the purpose of putting out a fire. Therefore, when the pressure relief port is exploded due to thermal runaway of the battery, the fire extinguishing system orderly sprays the fire extinguishing agent to be mixed with the combustible gas generated when the battery is thermally runaway, and the mixed gas is enabled to reach below the combustible concentration or beyond the explosion limit range, which is the key point for whether the fire extinguishing system can suppress the battery fire. Because the battery is typically maintained for several minutes during thermal runaway, if the fire suppressant in the fire suppression system is not released in a controlled manner, it may be released prematurely, and then the battery may explode or ignite other objects during the thermal runaway.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:

the application provides a safety structure of a high-capacity battery, which comprises a battery main body, a pressure relief opening arranged on the battery main body and a fire fighting cavity connected with the pressure relief opening; the fire fighting cavity comprises a pressure relief channel connected with the pressure relief port, a fire extinguishing agent accommodating cavity arranged on the periphery of the pressure relief channel and a control device, wherein the control device detects the concentration of combustible gas in the pressure relief channel and controls the spraying flow of the fire extinguishing agent according to the concentration of the combustible gas; wherein the control device is arranged near the pressure relief opening.

Further, including the pressure release membrane, the pressure release mouth passes through the sealed isolation of pressure release membrane with the fire control chamber.

Furthermore, a cooling material is arranged in the pressure relief channel. The cooling material is one or a combination of a plurality of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies and silicon dioxide.

Further, the fire extinguishing agent is one or a combination of halogenated alkyl and halogenated ketone. The alkyl halide is one or more of perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane and perfluorohexane; the halogenated ketone is one or the combination of perfluoroacetone and perfluorohexanone.

Furthermore, an exhaust port is arranged on the fire-fighting cavity and communicated with the explosion venting channel. Be equipped with the dampproof membrane on the gas vent, the gas vent can be sealed to the dampproof membrane. The outside of the exhaust port can be connected with an exhaust pipeline or an air bag.

The beneficial effect of this application: when the pressure relief port is opened due to thermal runaway of the battery, and various substances in the battery are sprayed outwards, the fire extinguishing agent spraying control device is started, the spraying flow of the fire extinguishing agent is controlled according to the concentration of the combustible substances sprayed when the battery is thermally runaway, and the concentration of the fire extinguishing agent and the combustible substances is kept below the combustible concentration after being mixed together. The incombustible mixed gas is further cooled by a pressure release passage filled with a cooling material and then discharged through an exhaust port or collected by an airbag. Thus, secondary disasters such as explosion, ignition and the like caused by combustible gas leakage caused by thermal runaway of the battery are avoided.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the application.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is an overall structural sectional view of a safety structure of a cylindrical large-capacity battery according to embodiment 1 of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing the overall structure of a safety structure of a square large-capacity battery according to embodiment 2 of the present application.

Description of the labeling: a positive electrode post 11/21; a negative electrode post 12/22; a battery body 13/23; a fire lumen 14/24; a pressure relief vent 15/25; a pressure relief membrane 16/26; a pressure relief passage 210/110; an exhaust port 17/27; a discharge control unit 28/18; the fire suppressant compartment 29/19.

Detailed Description

The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, whereby one skilled in the art can, with reference to the description, make an implementation.

It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.

The application provides a safety structure of a high-capacity battery, which comprises a battery main body, a pressure relief opening arranged on the battery main body and a fire fighting cavity connected with the pressure relief opening; the fire fighting cavity comprises a pressure relief channel connected with the pressure relief port, a fire extinguishing agent accommodating cavity arranged on the periphery of the pressure relief channel and a control device, wherein the control device detects the concentration of combustible gas in the pressure relief channel and controls the spraying flow of the fire extinguishing agent according to the concentration of the combustible gas; wherein the control device is arranged near the pressure relief opening.

Further, including the pressure release membrane, the pressure release mouth passes through the sealed isolation of pressure release membrane with the fire control chamber.

Furthermore, a cooling material is arranged in the pressure relief channel. The cooling material is one or a combination of a plurality of ceramic balls, honeycomb ceramic bodies and silicon dioxide.

Further, the fire extinguishing agent is one or a combination of halogenated alkyl and halogenated ketone. The alkyl halide is one or more of perfluoropropane, perfluorobutane and perfluorohexane; the halogenated ketone is one or the combination of perfluoroacetone and perfluorohexanone.

Furthermore, an exhaust port is arranged on the fire-fighting cavity and communicated with the explosion venting channel. Be equipped with the dampproof membrane on the gas vent, the gas vent can be sealed to the dampproof membrane. The outside of the exhaust port can be connected with an exhaust pipeline or an air bag.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, a square large capacity battery's safety structure, as shown in fig. 1, contains battery main part 13, anodal 11, and negative pole 12 is located this square battery's top surface, and pressure release 15 is located the bottom position of this square battery's side shell, and pressure release 15 seals the battery into a enclosed construction through pressure release membrane 16, and fire control chamber 14 sets up in the lateral part of battery and is close to the outside of pressure release 15, and fire control chamber 14 upper portion sets up gas vent 17. Wherein the fire control chamber holds the chamber 19 including fire extinguishing agent, controlling means 18 is spouted to fire extinguishing agent, pressure release channel 110, cooling material, fire extinguishing agent is the gaseous fire extinguishing agent of heptafluoropropane, fire extinguishing agent assembles and holds chamber 19 in fire extinguishing agent, fire extinguishing agent spouts controlling means and sets up in the spout oral area that the chamber was held to heptafluoropropane, fire extinguishing agent spouts controlling means contains combustible gas concentration detection device and solenoid valve device and can survey the fluidic combustible gas concentration of blowout when battery thermal runaway, and adjust the flow of blowout heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing agent according to the size of its concentration control spout, add ceramic ball in the pressure release channel, paste the dampproof membrane on the gas vent at top.

When the pressure relief port is opened due to thermal runaway of the battery, and various substances in the battery are sprayed outwards, the fire extinguishing agent spraying control device is started, the spraying flow of the fire extinguishing agent is controlled according to the concentration of the combustible substances sprayed when the battery is thermally runaway, and the concentration of the fire extinguishing agent and the combustible substances is kept below the combustible concentration after being mixed together. The incombustible mixed gas is further cooled by a pressure release passage filled with a cooling material and then discharged through an exhaust port or collected by an airbag. Thus, secondary disasters such as explosion, ignition and the like caused by combustible gas leakage caused by thermal runaway of the battery are avoided.

Example 2

As shown in fig. 2, a cylindrical large capacity battery's safety structure, as shown in fig. 2, a cylindrical large capacity battery's safety structure contains battery main part 23, anodal 21, and negative pole 22 is located the top surface of this cylindrical battery, and pressure release 25 is located the bottom position of this cylindrical battery's bottom surface shell, and pressure release 25 seals the battery into a closed structure through pressure release membrane 26, and fire control chamber 24 sets up in the bottom of battery and is closely linked to the outside of pressure release 25, and fire control chamber 24 lower part sets up gas vent 27. Wherein the fire control chamber holds chamber 29 including the fire extinguishing agent, controlling means 28 is spouted to the fire extinguishing agent, pressure release channel 210, cooling material, the fire extinguishing agent is perfluor hexanone fire extinguishing agent, perfluor hexanone assembles and holds chamber 29 in the fire extinguishing agent, the fire extinguishing agent is spouted controlling means and is set up in the oral area position that perfluor hexanone held the chamber, controlling means is spouted to the fire extinguishing agent contains combustible gas concentration detection device and flow pump, spun combustible gas concentration when can surveying battery thermal runaway, and adjust the flow of blowout perfluor hexanone fire extinguishing agent according to its concentration control flow pump's flow, add the honeycomb ceramic body in the pressure release channel, paste the dampproof film on the gas vent of bottommost.

Although the embodiments of the present application have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments. It can be applied in all kinds of fields suitable for the present application. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the application is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents.