阅读说明：本技术 一种超支化含磷有机硅膨胀型阻燃剂、制备方法及阻燃高分子涂层组合物 (Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant, preparation method and flame-retardant polymer coating composition ) 是由 汪少锋 崔剑光 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种超支化含磷有机硅膨胀型阻燃剂,具有含硅原子的分子骨架和化学键合到分子骨架的硅原子上的含磷基团,获得步骤为：将具有三个或更多个缩合性官能团的硅烷化合物A与至少一种能与硅烷化合物A的缩合性官能团进行缩合反应的化合物B进行缩合反应,形成超支化含磷硅阻燃剂,化合物B至少含有一个磷元素和至少含有1个能和硅烷化合物A进行缩合反应的可缩合性官能团。阻燃剂在分子层面上集合酸源、碳源和气源为一体,阻燃效率更高。应用到透明阻燃涂料,特别是水性透明阻燃涂料中,其疏水性的有机硅内核能够有效保护磷(氧)阻燃基团不容易被水解,分布在超支化聚合物分子表面的亲水性的基团提供阻燃剂在水中的分散性能。(The invention discloses a hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant, which has a molecular skeleton containing silicon atoms and a phosphorus-containing group chemically bonded to the silicon atoms of the molecular skeleton, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: and (2) carrying out condensation reaction on a silane compound A with three or more condensation functional groups and at least one compound B capable of carrying out condensation reaction with the condensation functional groups of the silane compound A to form the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicon flame retardant, wherein the compound B at least contains one phosphorus element and at least 1 condensable functional group capable of carrying out condensation reaction with the silane compound A. The flame retardant integrates an acid source, a carbon source and an air source on the molecular layer surface, so that the flame retardant efficiency is higher. When the hyperbranched flame retardant is applied to transparent flame retardant coatings, particularly water-based transparent flame retardant coatings, the hydrophobic organosilicon core can effectively protect phosphorus (oxygen) flame retardant groups from being hydrolyzed easily, and hydrophilic groups distributed on the surfaces of hyperbranched polymer molecules provide the dispersing performance of the flame retardant in water.)

1. Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organosilicon intumescent flame retardant, characterized in that it has a molecular skeleton containing silicon atoms and phosphorus-containing groups chemically bonded to the silicon atoms of the molecular skeleton, wherein the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organosilicon intumescent flame retardant is obtained by: carrying out a condensation reaction on a silane compound A with three or more condensation functional groups and at least one compound B capable of carrying out a condensation reaction with the condensation functional groups of the silane compound A, thereby forming the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant; and said compound B has the following characteristics:

c. at least one phosphorus element is contained in the alloy,

d. contains at least 1 condensable functional group capable of undergoing condensation reaction with the silane compound A.

2. Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant according to claim 1, characterized in that said compound B has the following characteristics:

a. at least one phosphorus element is contained in the alloy,

b. contains at least 2 condensable functional groups capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with the silane compound A.

3. Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the condensable functional group capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with the silane compound A of the compound B is selected from hydroxyl functional groups.

4. Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the compound B is selected from a compound containing at least one phosphorus element and at least one nitrogen element simultaneously or a mixture of a compound containing at least one phosphorus element and a compound containing at least one nitrogen element.

5. Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the compound B is polyhydric alcohol or polyhydric phenol or a mixture thereof containing at least one phosphorus element or at least one phosphorus element and one nitrogen element, and can be selected from compounds with the following structures:

。

6. hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the silane compound having three or more condensable functional groups includes tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, octyltriethoxysilane, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-aminoacyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriacetoxysilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, methyltriisopropenoxysilane, alpha-monomethyl, omega-trimethoxypolydimethylsiloxane, alpha-monomethyl, omega-triethoxypolydimethylsiloxane or alpha-monomethyl, omega-tripropoxypolydimethylsiloxane or combinations of the above.

7. Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the compound B is N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethylene diethyl phosphonate.

8. Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the condensation reaction of the silane compound A and the compound B is carried out under the solvent-free condition.

9. Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the condensation reaction of the silane compound A and the compound B is carried out under the condition of no catalyst.

10. Hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

carrying out a condensation reaction on a silane compound A with three or more condensation functional groups and at least one hydroxyl compound B to form a hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant; wherein the molar ratio of the condensable functional groups of the silane compound a having three or more condensable functional groups to the hydroxyl groups of the hydroxyl compound B is in the range of 1: 4 to 4: 1, preferably in the range of 1:3 to 3: 1, more preferably in the range of 1:2.5 to 2.5: 1 in the range of; and the hydroxyl compound B contains at least one phosphorus element.

11. The hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant of claim 10, wherein: the hydroxyl compound B capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with the condensable functional group of the silane compound A is selected from a compound containing both at least one phosphorus element and at least one nitrogen element or a mixture of a compound containing at least one phosphorus element and a compound containing at least one nitrogen element.

12. A flame retardant polymeric coating composition characterized by: comprising a hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organosilicon intumescent flame retardant according to any of claims 1 to 11, optionally a film-forming substance, optionally a flame retardant, additional additives.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of flame retardants, and relates to a hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant and a preparation method thereof. Also relates to the application of the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant in the flame-retardant polymer coating composition.

Background

The polymer material has the excellent characteristics of light weight, good chemical stability, easy processing and the like, and has become an important matrix material in the fields of aerospace, transportation, electricians and electronics, building materials and the like. However, most of high polymer materials belong to flammable materials, so that the high polymer materials provide convenience and increase great potential safety hazards. Fire is one of the main disasters threatening public safety, and causes a great amount of casualties and huge economic losses every year. Only in 2017, 1-10 months, 21.9 thousands of fires are reported all over the country, 1065 people and 679 people are killed, and 26.2 million yuan of direct property loss is verified. In 2001, the 'fire-fighting Law' was issued and implemented in China, and the public safety required for fire prevention and flame retardance is a foundation stone for national safety and social stability on the legal level.

The most effective flame retardant coating pastes currently used are still antimony bromide based systems. The bromine antimony type flame retardant system has excellent performance in gas phase flame retardant and high performance-price ratio, and is popular. Antimony, such as the most commonly used antimony oxide, is added into the brominated flame retardant to realize the synergistic effect of the antimony bromide, so that the flame retardant efficiency of the flame retardant system can be greatly improved, and the using amount of the flame retardant is reduced. Although halogen-based flame retardants have many excellent properties, high polymers containing the flame retardants release a large amount of smoke and toxic and corrosive gases (hydrogen halide gases) during combustion, and partially undergo thermal decomposition to form carcinogens of polyhalogenated dibenzodioxanes and polyhalogenated dibenzofurans. Various bromine-containing organic compounds are bioaccumulative, can affect the nervous system, the immune system and the reproductive system of organisms, and are global environmental pollutants.

The intumescent phosphorus-containing composite flame retardant system replaces bromine antimony type flame retardant and is a novel composite flame retardant which is widely concerned in the field of national flame retardance in recent years. The intumescent composite flame retardant adopts an acid source, a carbon source and a gas source to realize synergistic flame retardance, and is a classic synergistic combination in the field of flame retardance. The intumescent flame retardant system can realize high-efficiency char formation flame retardance through condensed phase flame retardance. A compact porous foam carbon layer is formed on the surface of the fabric, so that the further degradation of the inner high polymer and the release of combustible materials to the surface can be prevented, the transmission of a heat source to the high polymer can be prevented, and an oxygen source is isolated, so that the spread and the propagation of flame can be prevented. Although the intumescent flame retardant has the advantages of no halogen, low smoke, low toxicity, molten drop prevention and no corrosive gas, the intumescent flame retardant is inferior to a bromine-antimony flame retardant system in the aspects of flame retardant efficiency, heat resistance, water washing resistance and the like.

With the attention of people on environmental protection and beauty, the water-based transparent flame-retardant coating is more and more widely required. However, the application of the phosphorus-containing halogen-free flame retardant in the water-based transparent flame-retardant coating on the market at present has various defects. Such as water resistance, dispersion stability in water, transparency, and flame retardant efficiency, are unsatisfactory. At present, a halogen-free transparent flame retardant system which integrates or partially integrates the advantages of a bromine-antimony flame retardant system and an intumescent phosphorus-containing composite flame retardant system and overcomes the defects of the bromine-antimony flame retardant system and the intumescent phosphorus-containing composite flame retardant system is urgently needed in the market.

Meanwhile, the hyperbranched polymer has a dendritic, hyperbranched and 3D structure, the spatial structure is spherical, and the surface of the hyperbranched polymer can be constructed with a large number of different active functional groups. The special structure of the hyperbranched polymer endows the hyperbranched polymer with special properties, and the hyperbranched polymer has great application value in various fields such as coating, flame retardant, nanotechnology, biological materials, engineering plastics and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant, which has a molecular skeleton containing silicon atoms and a phosphorus-containing group chemically bonded to the silicon atoms of the molecular skeleton, wherein the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant is obtained by the following steps: carrying out a condensation reaction on a silane compound A with three or more condensation functional groups and at least one compound B capable of carrying out a condensation reaction with the condensation functional groups of the silane compound A, thereby forming the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant; and said compound B has the following characteristics:

c. at least one phosphorus element is contained in the alloy,

d. contains at least 1 condensable functional group capable of undergoing condensation reaction with the silane compound A.

The compound B has the following characteristics:

a. at least one phosphorus element is contained in the alloy,

b. contains at least 2 condensable functional groups capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with the silane compound A.

The condensable functional group capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with the silane compound A of the compound B is selected from hydroxyl functional groups.

The compound B is selected from a compound containing at least one phosphorus element and at least one nitrogen element simultaneously or a mixture of a compound containing at least one phosphorus element and a compound containing at least one nitrogen element.

The compound B is polyhydric alcohol or polyhydric phenol or a mixture thereof containing at least one phosphorus element or at least one phosphorus element and one nitrogen element, and can be selected from compounds with the following structures:

the silane compound having three or more condensable functional groups includes tetramethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane, tetrabutoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, phenyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, octyltriethoxysilane, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-aminoacyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriacetoxysilane, methyltributanonoximosilane, methyltriisopropenoxysilane, alpha-monomethyl, omega-trimethoxypolydimethylsiloxane, alpha-monomethyl, omega-triethoxypolydimethylsiloxane or alpha-monomethyl, omega-tripropoxypolydimethylsiloxane or combinations of the above.

The compound B is N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) aminomethylene diethyl phosphonate, and the structural formula is as follows:

。

the condensation reaction of the silane compound A and the compound B is carried out under the solvent-free condition.

The condensation reaction of the silane compound A and the compound B is carried out under the condition of no catalyst.

The preparation method of the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant comprises the following steps:

carrying out a condensation reaction on a silane compound A with three or more condensation functional groups and at least one hydroxyl compound B to form a hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organic silicon intumescent flame retardant; wherein the molar ratio of the condensable functional groups of the silane compound a having three or more condensable functional groups to the hydroxyl groups of the hydroxyl compound B is in the range of 1: 4 to 4: 1, preferably in the range of 1:3 to 3: 1, more preferably in the range of 1:2.5 to 2.5: 1 in the range of; and the hydroxyl compound B contains at least one phosphorus element.

While not wishing to be bound by any theory, the inventors believe that excess silane compound A (e.g., tetraethoxysilane) and hydroxyl compound B (e.g., glycol) react as represented by the following schematic formula (I):

。

while not wishing to be bound by any theory, the inventors believe that silane compound A (e.g., tetraethoxysilane) and excess hydroxyl compound B (e.g., glycol) react as represented by the following schematic formula (II):

，

wherein O represents the skeleton of a hydroxyl compound.

The hydroxyl compound B capable of undergoing a condensation reaction with the condensation functional group of the silane compound A is selected from a compound containing at least one phosphorus element and at least one nitrogen element simultaneously or a mixture of a compound containing at least one phosphorus element and a compound containing at least one nitrogen element.

Where the method of preparation of the present invention is described as including or comprising particular process steps, it is contemplated that optional process steps not contemplated by the present invention are not excluded from the method, and that the method may consist or consist of the process steps involved. For example, the reaction formula as one of the methods for preparing a phosphorus-containing oxy-functionalized silicon-based resin of the present invention is schematically represented by formula E below:

a flame retardant polymeric coating composition comprising the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant of any of claims 1-11, optionally a film-forming substance, optionally a flame retardant, additional additives.

The hyperbranched phosphorus-nitrogen-containing organic silicon flame retardant integrates an acid source, a carbon source and a gas source on the molecular layer surface, and has higher flame retardant efficiency. When the hyperbranched flame retardant is applied to transparent flame retardant coatings, particularly water-based transparent flame retardant coatings, the hydrophobic organosilicon core can effectively protect phosphorus (oxygen) flame retardant groups from being hydrolyzed easily, and hydrophilic groups distributed on the surfaces of hyperbranched polymer molecules provide the dispersing performance of the flame retardant in water.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an FTIR spectrum of the reaction starting materials and reaction products of example 1;

FIG. 2 is an FTIR spectrum of the reaction starting materials and reaction products of example 3;

FIG. 3 is an FTIR spectrum of the reaction starting materials and reaction products of example 4;

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the test piece produced in example 5 after burning for 20 seconds;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the test piece produced in example 6 after burning for 20 seconds.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.

1. Example 1

The specific embodiment is as follows: 83.4g (0.40mol) of tetraethoxysilane and 89.2g (0.35mol) of diethyl N, N-dihydroxyethylaminomethylphosphonate were added at room temperature to a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, overhead stirrer, gas inlet and distillation apparatus. The reaction was carried out under the protection of an anhydrous nitrogen stream introduced through the gas inlet of the reactor. The reaction mixture was then heated to 150 ℃ and maintained at that temperature until distillate distilled from the reaction mixture. Heating was continued and the temperature of the reaction mixture was gradually raised to 180 ℃ until the ethanol was distilled off completely. Introducing a phosphorus (oxygen) and nitrogen-containing group on the obtained silicon-based resin to form the silicon-based resin functionalized by the phosphorus (oxygen) and nitrogen-containing group.

Thus, the hydroxyl-containing phosphorus-nitrogen integrated hyperbranched polysiloxane is obtained. The results of IR spectroscopy are shown in FIG. 1 (TEOS: tetraethoxysilane; FR-6: diethyl N, N-dihydroxyethylamine methylphosphonate; CZH-1: reaction product, i.e., phosphorus-nitrogen integrated hyperbranched polysiloxane).

2. Example 2

In one embodiment of the present invention, tetraethoxysilane is used as the silane compound having three or more condensable functional groups. The N, N-dihydroxyethyl amine diethyl methylphosphonate is used as the polyhydric alcohol, and the polyhydric alcohol has high content of phosphorus and nitrogen flame retardant elements, and the flame retardant effect of the reaction product can be further enhanced theoretically by increasing the content of the phosphorus and nitrogen flame retardant elements.

41.7g (0.20mol) of tetraethoxysilane and 178.4g (0.70mol) of diethyl N, N-dihydroxyethylamine methylphosphonate were added at room temperature to a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, overhead stirrer, gas inlet and distillation apparatus. The reaction was carried out under the protection of an anhydrous nitrogen stream introduced through the gas inlet of the reactor. The reaction mixture was then heated to 150 ℃ and maintained at that temperature until distillate distilled from the reaction mixture. Heating was continued and the temperature of the reaction mixture was gradually raised to 180 ℃ until the ethanol was distilled off completely. In this way, an integrated hyperbranched polysiloxane containing hydroxyl groups and having a high phosphorus-nitrogen content is obtained.

3. Example 3

The specific embodiment is as follows: 83.4g (0.40mol) of tetraethoxysilane and 129.6g (0.40mol) of DOPO-HQ were added at room temperature to a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, an overhead stirrer, a gas inlet, and a distillation apparatus. The reaction was carried out under the protection of an anhydrous nitrogen stream introduced through the gas inlet of the reactor. The reaction mixture was then heated to 150 ℃ and maintained at that temperature until distillate distilled from the reaction mixture. Heating was continued and the temperature of the reaction mixture was gradually raised to 180 ℃ until the ethanol was distilled off completely. Thus, the phosphorus-containing functional hyperbranched polysiloxane containing hydroxyl groups is obtained. The results of IR spectroscopy are shown in FIG. 2 (TEOS: tetraethoxysilane; DOPO-HQ: 10- (2, 5-dihydroxyphenyl) -10-hydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide; CZH-2: reaction product, i.e., hydroxyl group-containing, phosphorus group-functional hyperbranched polysiloxane);

。

4. example 4

The specific embodiment is as follows: 62.6g (0.30mol) of tetraethoxysilane and 75.5g (0.23mol) of DOPO-HQ, 60.8g (0.23mol) of trishydroxyethyl isocyanurate were added at room temperature to a four-necked flask equipped with a thermometer, an overhead stirrer, a gas inlet and a distillation apparatus. The reaction was carried out under the protection of an anhydrous nitrogen stream introduced through the gas inlet of the reactor. The reaction mixture was then heated to 150 ℃ and maintained at that temperature until distillate distilled from the reaction mixture. Heating was continued and the temperature of the reaction mixture was gradually raised to 180 ℃ until the ethanol was distilled off completely. Thus, the phosphorus-nitrogen group-containing functional hyperbranched polysiloxane containing hydroxyl groups is obtained. The results of infrared spectrum FTIR are shown in FIG. 3 (TEOS: tetraethoxysilane; CZH-3: reaction product, i.e. hydroxyl group-containing, phosphazene-functional hyperbranched polysiloxane);

。

5. example 5

In another aspect of the invention, an environment-friendly halogen-free fabric flame-retardant coating adhesive is provided, which comprises the hyperbranched silicon-based resin flame retardant containing functionalized phosphorus (oxygen) groups, and is prepared by compounding the hyperbranched silicon-based resin flame retardant with other flame retardants and acrylate emulsion and is used for flame retardance of polyester sofa fabrics.

Cyclic phosphate ester (PCU), ammonium polyphosphate form II (APP), hyperbranched flame retardant (CZH-1) prepared in inventive example 1, zinc borate, triazine Char Forming Agent (CFA), phenolic resin were mixed as described in 1.5: 5.0: 2.0: 2.0: 2.5: 2.0, the total dosage of 15.0g, adding into a mixing container, adding 26g of acrylate emulsion (the solid content of the emulsion is 50%), adding 15g of water, 0.5g of emulsifier and 0.5g of defoamer, and grinding at high speed to disperse uniformly to obtain the flame-retardant coating adhesive.

And (3) blade-coating the flame-retardant coating adhesive on the back of a fabric (the fabric is unbleached terylene fabric, the gram weight of which is 200g, namely the weight of each square meter of fabric is 200 g), and baking (150 ℃, 180 s) to obtain the low-smoke high-efficiency flame-retardant terylene sofa textile fabric, wherein the gram weight of the low-smoke high-efficiency flame-retardant terylene sofa textile fabric is 100.3g (namely the coating adhesive with the coating mass of 100.3g per square meter of fabric).

6. Comparative example 6

Example 5 was repeated, replacing the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing silicone intumescent flame retardant of the invention (CZH-1) by APP in equal amounts. Control is cyclic phosphate ester (PCU), hydrophobic ammonium polyphosphate (APP), zinc borate, triazine Char Former (CFA), phenolic resin as 1.5: 7.0: 2.0: 2.5: 2.0, the total dosage is 15.0g, the other steps are the same, the flame-retardant coating adhesive is also coated on the back of the white polyester fabric in a blade mode, and the gram weight gain is 100.4 g.

Referring to the BS5852 flame-retardant test standard, respectively covering the test samples on specified polyurethane sponge, placing the test samples under a specified combustor to ignite, wherein the butane flame height is 35mm, stabilizing the flame for 30s, continuously combusting the test samples for 20s by using flame, and testing the flame-retardant performance of the test samples. Wherein the hyperbranched flame retardant-containing pattern extinguishes after burning for 20s after going out of fire, passing the BS5852 standard; the comparative sample without the added hyperbranched flame retardant burnt through within 20s, and the flame continued combustion did not self-extinguish and could not pass the standard.

7. Example 7

Example 5 is repeated, and the hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organosilicon intumescent flame retardant (CZH-1) of the invention is replaced by other hyperbranched phosphorus-containing organosilicon intumescent flame retardants of the invention, and similar flame retardant effect is obtained.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical solutions of the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.