阅读说明：本技术 具有改善的头部冲击性能及破裂后能见度的汽车内部及覆盖玻璃制品 (Automotive interiors and cover glazings having improved head impact performance and visibility after breakage ) 是由 马修·李·布莱克 哈立德·拉尤尼 孙亚伟 张春河 于 2019-07-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：玻璃制品的实施方式包括压缩应力(CS)区域与中心张力(CT)区域,其中CS区域的一部分从第一主表面延伸到压缩深度(DOC),其中当玻璃制品为基本上平坦的配置时,CT区域具有约60MPa或更小的最大值(CT-(flat)),且其中当玻璃制品为冷弯配置时,CT区域包含最大值(CT-(bent)),其中CT-(bent)/CT-(flat)<1.4。提供包括这种玻璃制品的汽车内部系统的实施方式,并且还公开用于形成玻璃制品以及用于形成汽车内部系统的方法。(Embodiments of the glass article include a Compressive Stress (CS) region and a Central Tension (CT) region, wherein a portion of the CS region extends from the first major surface to a depth of compression (DOC), wherein the CT region has a maximum value (CT) of about 60MPa or less when the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration flat ) And wherein the CT region comprises a maximum value (CT) when the glass article is in a cold-bend configuration bent ) Wherein CT bent /CT flat <1.4. Embodiments of an automotive interior system including such a glass article are provided, and are also disclosed for formingGlass articles and methods for forming automotive interior systems.)

1. A glass article comprising:

a first major surface, a second major surface, a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, and a thickness (t) (millimeters);

a Compressive Stress (CS) region; and

a Central Tension (CT) region in which,

wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stress profile along the thickness,

wherein a portion of the CS region extends from the first major surface to a depth of compression (DOC),

wherein the CT region has a maximum value (CT) of about 60MPa or less when the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration_flat) And an

Wherein the CT region comprises a maximum value (CT) when the glass article is in a cold-bend configuration_bent) Wherein CT_bent/CT_flat<1.4。

2. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the CT is_flatIs about 40MPa or less.

3. The glass article of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the CT is_flatIs about 20MPa or less.

4. The glass article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the portion of the CS region comprises a peak region, a tail region, and a knee region between the peak region and the tail region, wherein all points of the stress profile in the peak region comprise tangents having slopes in a range of-200 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron and all points in the tail region comprise tangents having slopes in a range of-3 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron.

5. The glass article of claim 4, wherein the spike region comprises a CS value in a range from greater than 200MPa to about 1500 MPa.

6. The glass article of any of claims 4-5, wherein the knee region comprises a CS value in a range from about 50MPa to about 200 MPa.

7. The glass article of claim 6, wherein the knee region extends from about 10 microns to about 50 microns from the first major surface.

8. The glass article of any of claims 4-7, wherein the tail region extends from approximately the knee region to the DOC, wherein the DOC is up to about 0.25 t.

9. The glass article of any of the preceding claims, wherein CT_bend、CT_flatAnd CT_bendAnd CT_flatIs smaller than the result of said equation 52.029-42.032 x ln (t).

10. The glass article of any of the preceding claims, wherein all points of the stress profile along at least a portion of the CT region comprise a tangent line having a slope in a range from 1 MPa/micron to-1 MPa/micron.

11. The glass article of claim 10, wherein at least 50% of the CT area comprises a tangent line having a slope in a range from 1 MPa/micron to-1 MPa/micron.

12. The glass article of any of claims 1-9, wherein all points of the stress profile in the tail region form a power law profile having a power exponent, wherein the power exponent is in a range from about 1.2 to 3.4.

13. The glass article of any of claims 1-9 and 12, wherein all points of the stress profile along at least a portion of the CT region form a power law profile having a power exponent, wherein the power exponent is in a range from about 1.2 to 3.4.

14. The glass article of claim 13, wherein all points along the stress profile of the CT region form a power law distribution having a power exponent, wherein the power exponent is in a range from about 1.2 to 3.4.

15. The glass article of any of the preceding claims, wherein the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration.

16. The glass article of any of claims 1-14, wherein the glass article is in the cold-bent configuration and comprises a conical surface, a cylindrical surface, or an extensible surface.

17. The glass article of claim 16, wherein the first major surface comprises a first major surface CS value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, and the second major surface comprises a second major surface CS value different from the first major surface CS value.

18. The glass article of claim 16 or claim 17, wherein at least a portion of the first major surface forms a concave surface and forms a convex surface at the opposing portion of the second major surface.

19. The glass article of any of claims 15-18, further comprising a display or touch panel disposed on the first or second major surface.

20. The glass article of claim 19, further comprising an adhesive disposed between the first or second major surface and the display or touch panel.

21. The glass article of any of claims 16-20, wherein at least a portion of the first or second major surface comprises a radius of curvature in a range from about 20mm to about 10000 mm.

22. The glass article of any of the preceding claims, wherein t is in a range from about 0.1mm to about 2 mm.

23. The glass article of any one of the preceding claims, wherein one or both of the first major surface and the second major surface comprises a surface treatment.

24. The glass article of claim 23, wherein the surface treatment covers at least a portion of the first major surface and the second major surface.

25. The glass article of claim 23 or claim 24, wherein the surface treatment comprises any of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

26. The glass article of claim 25, wherein the surface treatment comprises at least two of any of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

27. The glass article of claim 26, wherein the first major surface comprises the anti-glare surface and the second major surface comprises the anti-reflection surface.

28. The glass article of claim 26, wherein the first major surface comprises the anti-reflective surface and the second major surface comprises the anti-glare surface.

29. The glass article of claim 26, wherein the first major surface comprises one or both of the anti-glare surface and the anti-reflection surface, and the second major surface comprises the decorative surface.

30. The glass article of claim 26, wherein the decorative surface is disposed on at least a portion of the perimeter and the interior portion is substantially free of the decorative surface.

31. The glass article of any of claims 26-30, wherein the decorative surface comprises any of a wood grain design, a metal hairline design, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo.

32. The glass article of any of claims 26-31, wherein the anti-glare surface comprises an etched surface, and wherein the anti-reflective surface comprises a multi-layer coating.

33. An automotive interior system, comprising:

a base; and

a glass article disposed on the mount, wherein the glass article comprises a first major surface, a second major surface having a first radius of curvature of about 200mm or greater, a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface and defining a thickness (t), a Compressive Stress (CS) region having a surface compressive stress value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, and a Central Tension (CT) region having a maximum CT value of about 60MPa or less, wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stress profile along the thickness, wherein a portion of the CS region extends from the first major surface to a depth of compression (DOC); and is

Wherein the deceleration of an impactor having a mass of 6.8kg when the impactor impacts the first major surface at an impact velocity of 5.35m/s to 6.69m/s is 120g (gravity) or less.

34. The vehicle interior system of claim 33, wherein the deceleration of the striker is no greater than 80g for any 3ms interval during a collision time.

35. The automobile interior system of claim 33 or claim 34, wherein when the striker breaks the glass article, the glass article exhibits post-breakage visibility.

36. The automobile interior system of any of claims 33-35, wherein the base is curved and has a radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

37. The automobile interior system of any of claims 33-35, wherein the base is flat.

38. The automobile interior system of any one of claims 33-37, wherein the portion of the CS region includes a peak region, a tail region, and a knee region between the peak region and the tail region, wherein all points of the stress profile in the peak region include tangents having slopes in a range of-200 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, and all points in the tail region include tangents having slopes in a range of-3 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron.

39. The automobile interior system of claim 38, wherein the spike region includes a CS value in a range of greater than 200MPa to about 1500 MPa.

40. The automobile interior system of any of claims 38-39, wherein the knee region comprises a CS value in a range of about 50MPa to about 200 MPa.

41. The automobile interior system of claim 40, wherein the knee region extends from about 10 microns to about 50 microns from the first major surface.

42. The automobile interior system of any of claims 38-41, wherein the tail region extends from approximately the knee region to the DOC.

43. The automobile interior system of any one of claims 33-42, wherein the DOC is up to about 0.25 t.

44. The automobile interior system of any of claims 33-43, wherein the CT region has a maximum value (CT) of about 60MPa or less when the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration_flat) Wherein the glass article is in a curved configuration and comprises the CT region comprising a maximum value (CT)_bend) And CT_bent/CT_flat<1.4.

45. The vehicle interior system of claim 44, wherein CT_bend、CT_flatAnd CT_bendAnd CT_flatIs smaller than the result of said equation 52.029-42.032 x ln (t).

46. The automobile interior system of any of claims 33-45, wherein the glass article is in the cold-bent configuration and comprises a conical surface, a cylindrical surface, or an extensible surface.

47. The automobile interior system of claim 46, wherein the first major surface includes a first major surface CS value in a range of about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, and the second major surface includes a second major surface CS value different than the first major surface CS value.

48. The automobile interior system of claim 46 or claim 47, wherein at least a portion of the first major surface forms a concave surface and an opposite portion of the second major surface forms a convex surface.

49. The automobile interior system of any of claims 46-48, further comprising a display or touch panel disposed on the first or second major surface.

50. The automobile interior system of claim 49, further comprising an adhesive disposed between the first or second major surface and the display or touch panel.

51. The automobile interior system of any of claims 33-50, wherein t is in a range from about 0.1mm to about 2 mm.

52. The automobile interior system of any of claims 33-51, wherein one or both of the first major surface and the second major surface comprises a surface treatment.

53. The automobile interior system of claim 52, wherein the surface treatment covers at least a portion of the first major surface and the second major surface.

54. The automobile interior system of claim 52 or claim 53, wherein the surface treatment includes any one of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

55. The automobile interior system of claim 54, wherein the surface treatment includes at least two of any one of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

56. The automobile interior system of claim 55, wherein the first major surface comprises the anti-glare surface and the second major surface comprises the anti-reflection surface.

57. The automobile interior system of claim 55, wherein the first major surface comprises the anti-reflection surface and the second major surface comprises the anti-glare surface.

58. The automobile interior system of claim 55, wherein the first major surface includes one or both of the anti-glare surface and the anti-reflection surface, and the second major surface includes the trim surface.

59. The vehicle interior system of claim 55, wherein the decorative surface is disposed on at least a portion of the perimeter, and the interior portion is substantially free of the decorative surface.

60. The automobile interior system of any of claims 55-59, wherein the decorative surface includes any of a wood grain design, a metal hairline design, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo.

61. The automobile interior system of any one of claims 55-60, wherein the anti-glare surface comprises an etched surface, and wherein the anti-reflective surface comprises a multi-layer coating.

62. A method of forming a glass article comprising:

strengthening a glass sheet having a first major surface, a second major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface to define a thickness (t) to provide a first strengthened glass article having a first Compressive Stress (CS) region and a first Central Tension (CT) region, the first CS region having a CS in a range from about 600MPa to about 800 MPa; and

strengthening the first strengthened glass article to provide the glass article comprising a final CS region comprising a surface CS value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa and a final CT stress region having a maximum CT value of about 60MPa or less.

63. The method of claim 62, wherein the step of strengthening the glass sheet comprises the steps of: chemically strengthening the glass sheet.

64. The method of claim 63, wherein the step of chemically strengthening the glass sheet comprises the steps of: immersing the glass sheet in KNO at a temperature in a range of about 310 ℃ to about 450 ℃₃、NaNO₃Or KNO₃And NaNO₃For about 2 hours to about 40 hours in the molten salt bath of the combination of (a).

65. The method of claim 62, wherein the step of strengthening the glass sheet comprises the steps of: thermally strengthening the glass sheet.

66. The method of any of claims 62-65, wherein the step of strengthening the first strengthened glass article comprises the steps of: chemically strengthening the glass article.

67. The method of claim 66, wherein the step of chemically strengthening the glass article comprises the steps of: immersing the glass sheet in KNO at a temperature in a range of about 310 ℃ to about 450 ℃₃、NaNO₃Or KNO₃And NaNO₃For about 2 hours to about 40 hours in the molten salt bath of the combination of (a).

68. A method for forming an automotive interior system, comprising:

securing a display or touch panel to a cold-formed glass article to provide a module, wherein the glass article comprises the glass article of any one of claims 1-61; and securing the module to a base of an automotive interior system.

69. The method of claim 68, wherein the step of securing the display or touch panel to the cold-bent glass article comprises the steps of: cold-bending the glass article prior to securing the display or touch panel to the cold-bent glass article.

70. The method of claim 68, wherein the step of securing the display or touch panel to the cold-bent glass article comprises the steps of: cold-bending the glass article occurs in synchronization with securing the display or touch panel to the cold-bent glass article.

71. The method of any one of claims 68-70, wherein a portion of the first major surface of the cold-bent article comprises a concave surface and an opposing portion of the second major surface comprises a convex surface.

72. The method of claim 71, further comprising the step of: securing the display or touch panel to the first major surface.

73. The method of claim 71, further comprising the step of: securing the display or touch panel to the second major surface.

74. The method of any one of claims 68-73, further comprising the step of: disposing an adhesive layer between the cold-bent glass article and the display or touch panel.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to automotive interiors and cover glazings having improved visibility after head impact and breakage, and more particularly to curved cover glazings having improved visibility after head impact and breakage.

Background

Glass as a covering material is suitable for automotive interior applications due to its scratch resistance and optical properties. To date, glass articles currently used in automotive interiors are flat glass or glass that is limited to bending to a very large bend radius (e.g., typically greater than 1000mm) using a hot forming process.

Glass articles for automotive interior applications are required to pass safety regulations (e.g., head impact testing) and require other functional features desired by customers (e.g., visibility after breakage).

Disclosure of Invention

A first aspect of the invention relates to a glass article comprising: a first major surface, a second major surface, a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, and a thickness (t) (millimeters); compressive Stress (CS) region(ii) a And a Central Tension (CT) region, wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stress profile along the thickness, wherein a portion of the CS region extends from the first major surface to a depth of compression (DOC), wherein the CT region has a maximum value (CT) of about 60MPa or less when the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration_flat) And wherein the CT region comprises a maximum value (CT) when the glass article is in a cold-bend configuration_bent) Wherein CT_bent/CT_flat<1.4。

A second aspect of the present disclosure relates to an automobile interior system, comprising: a base; and a glass article disposed on the mount, wherein the glass article comprises a first major surface, a second major surface having a first radius of curvature of about 200mm or greater, a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface and defining a thickness (t), a Compressive Stress (CS) region having a surface compressive stress value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, and a Central Tension (CT) region having a maximum CT value of about 60MPa or less, wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stress profile along the thickness, wherein a portion of the CS region extends from the first major surface to a depth of compression (DOC); and wherein the deceleration of the striker is 120g (gravity) or less when the striker with a mass of 6.8kg strikes the first main surface with a striking speed of 5.35m/s to 6.69 m/s.

A third aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method for forming a glass article comprising the steps of: strengthening a glass sheet having a first major surface, a second major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface to define a thickness (t) to provide a first strengthened glass article having a first Compressive Stress (CS) region and a first Central Tension (CT) region, the first CS region having a CS in a range from about 600MPa to about 800 MPa; and strengthening the first strengthened glass article to provide a glass article comprising a final CS region comprising a surface CS value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa and a final CT stress region having a maximum CT value of about 60MPa or less.

A fourth aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for forming an automotive interior system, the method comprising the steps of: securing a display or touch panel to a cold-bent glass article as described herein to provide a module; and securing the module to a base of an automotive interior system. In one or more embodiments, the method includes the step of securing a display or touch panel to a cold-bent glass article comprising the steps of: the glass article is cold bent prior to securing the display or touch panel to the cold bent glass article.

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the embodiments as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate one or more implementations and, together with the description, explain the principles and operations of the various implementations.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a graph showing head impact test performance of glass articles having different CS and DOC values.

Fig. 2A and 2B are images showing the effect of bend radius on visibility after glass breakage and breakage.

Fig. 3 is a side view of a glass article according to one or more embodiments.

Fig. 4 and 5 are cross-sectional views of glass articles showing stress distribution curves and regions thereof.

FIG. 6 is a cold-bent glass article according to one or more embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a cold-bent glass article according to one or more embodiments.

Fig. 8 is a side view of a glass article, an adhesive, and a display or touch panel assembly.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a simulated glass article according to one or more embodiments exhibiting a stress profile with a substantially flat or linear CT region.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a simulated glass article according to one or more embodiments showing a stress distribution curve having a parabolic shaped CT area.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The term "glass article" as used herein is used in its broadest sense and includes any object made entirely or partially of glass. The glass article includes a laminate of glass and a non-glass material, a laminate of glass and a crystalline material, and a glass-ceramic (including an amorphous phase and a crystalline phase). All compositions are expressed in mole percent (mol%), unless otherwise indicated.

It should be noted that the terms "substantially" and "about" may be used herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. The terms are also used herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue. Thus, for example, a glass article that is "substantially free of MgO" is one in which MgO is not actively added or dosed to the glass article, but may be present in very small amounts as a contaminant.

A higher compressive stress glass article having a higher strength may widen the design window of the glass article capable of passing the head impact test. Fig. 1 is a graph of head impact performance for glass articles having different surface Compressive Stresses (CS) and compressive stress Depths (DOC). Glass articles having a relatively high grade surface CS (e.g., 1000MPa, 1200MPa, or 1500MPa) exhibit a higher probability of head impact test survival.

Visibility after breakage is severely affected by glass breakage, which is mainly affected by the maximum tensile stress inside the strengthened glass article. For a cold-bent curved glass article (as described herein), the maximum tensile stress is affected by the initial tensile stress imparted by the strengthening process that forms the strengthened glass article as well as the tensile stress resulting from the cold-bending process. Fig. 2A and 2B show a comparison of the visibility after glass breakage and breakage of a cold-bent glass article having a convex bend with a radius of curvature of 1000mm (fig. 2A) and a cold-bent glass article having a convex bend with a radius of curvature of 500mm (fig. 2B).

Various aspects of the present disclosure relate to optionally curved glass articles that may be used in automotive interior applications with and without display or touch panels.

A first aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a glass article exhibiting a stress profile with a maximum CT value that provides improved head impact performance and visibility after breakage when the glass article is flat or cold bent.

As shown in fig. 3, glass article 100 includes a first major surface 110, a second major surface 120, a minor surface 130 connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, and a thickness (t) (millimeters) 140. The thickness (t) may range from about 0.1mm to about 2mm, from about 0.2mm to about 2mm, from about 0.3mm to about 2mm, from about 0.4mm to about 2mm, from about 0.5mm to about 2mm, from about 0.55mm to about 2mm, from about 0.6mm to about 2mm, from about 0.7mm to about 2mm, from about 0.8mm to about 2mm, from about 0.9mm to about 2mm, from about 1mm to about 2mm, from about 1.1mm to about 2mm, from about 1.2mm to about 2mm, from about 1.4mm to about 2mm, from about 1.5mm to about 2mm, from about 0.1mm to about 1.8mm, from about 0.1mm to about 1.6mm, from about 0.1mm to about 1.5mm, from about 0.1mm to about 1.4mm, from about 0.1mm to about 1.3mm, from about 0.1mm to about 1.6mm, from about 1.1mm, from about 1mm, from about 1.1mm to about 1.1mm, from about 1mm, from about 1.1mm to about 2mm, from about 1mm, from about 1.8mm, from about 1mm, from about 1.1mm, from about 1.

As shown in fig. 4, the glass article has a Compressive Stress (CS) region 200 and a central tension or tension (CT) region 201. In one or more embodiments, a portion of the CS region extends from the first major surface 110 to a depth of compression (DOC). As used herein, DOC refers to the depth at which the stress within the glass article changes from compressive to tensile. At the DOC, the stress crosses from positive (compressive) to negative (tensile) stress (e.g., 210 in fig. 4), and thus assumes a zero stress value. According to a convention commonly used in the art, compression is expressed as negative (<0) stress, while tension is expressed as positive (>0) stress. However, in this specification, CS is expressed as positive or absolute (i.e., CS ═ CS |, as described herein).

As shown in fig. 5, the CS region and the CT region define a stress profile 202 along the thickness (t). The CS region 200 has a surface CS 210, the CT region 210 has a maximum CT value 215, and the stress profile 202 at the DOC 220 transitions from compression to tension. In one or more embodiments, CS region 200 may include a range of compressive stress values (referred to herein as a "knee stress" range) 225 that is less than surface CS at a particular depth range. The depth 230 of the knee stress range is referred to herein as the depth of the compressive stress layer or DOL (which may also be the range). As used herein, for each depth from one major surface (first major surface 110 or second surface 120) for which reference to a DOC versus a DOL is made, it is understood that such a DOC or DOL may also be from the other surface. In one or more embodiments, the glass article is substantially free of any knee stress or DOL and exhibits a stress profile that decreases substantially linearly along the CS region from the surface CS to the DOC.

In one or more embodiments, the CT region has a maximum value (CT) when the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration_flat). In one or more embodiments, the CT region comprises a maximum value (CT) when the glass article is in a cold-bend configuration_bent)。

As used herein, the term "cold-bent" or "cold-bending" refers to bending a glass article at a cold-bending temperature that is less than the softening point of the glass (as described herein). The term "cold-bendable" refers to the ability of a glass article to be cold-bent. The cold-bent glass article is characterized by an asymmetric surface compressive stress between first major surface 110 and second major surface 120. In one or more embodiments, the respective compressive stresses in the first and second major surfaces 110, 120 of the glass article are substantially equal prior to the cold-bending process or cold-bending. In one or more embodiments in which the glass article is not strengthened, the first and second major surfaces 110, 120 do not exhibit appreciable compressive stress prior to being subjected to cold bending. In one or more embodiments in which the glass article has been strengthened (as described herein), prior to being subjected to cold bending, first major surface 110 and second major surface 120 exhibit substantially equal compressive stresses relative to one another. In one or more embodiments, after cold bending, the compressive stress on the surface having the concave shape after bending increases. In other words, the compressive stress on the concave surface is greater after cold bending than before cold bending. Without being bound by theory, the cold-bending process increases the compressive stress of the formed glass article to compensate for the tensile stress applied during the bending and/or forming operation. In one or more embodiments, the cold-bending process causes the concave surfaces to experience compressive stress, while the surfaces that form the convex shape after cold-bending experience tensile stress. The tensile stress experienced by the protrusion after cold bending results in a net reduction in surface compressive stress such that the compressive stress in the protrusion surface of the strengthened glass article after cold bending is less than the compressive stress on the same surface when the glass article is flat.

When utilizing a strengthened glass article, the first and second major surfaces comprise compressive stresses that are substantially equal to each other prior to cold bending, and thus the first major surface may experience greater tensile stresses during cold bending without risk of cracking. This allows the strengthened glass article to conform more closely to a curved surface or shape.

In one or more embodiments, CT_flatAbout 60MPa or less, about 50MPa or less, about 40MPa or less, about 30MPa or less, or about 20MPa or less. In one or more embodiments, CT_flatRanges of (a) are about 5MPa to about 60MPa, about 10MPa to about 60MPa, about 15MPa to about 60MPa, about 20MPa to about 60MPa, about 25MPa to about 60MPa, about 30MPa to about 60MPa, about 35MPa to about 60MPa, about 40MPa to about 60MPa, about 45MPa to about 60MPa, about 5MPa to about 55MPa, about 5MPa to about 50MPa, about 5MPa to about 45MPa, about 5MPa to about 40MPa, about 5MPa to about 35MPa, about 5MPa to about 30MPa, about 5MPa to about 25MPa, about 5MPa to about 20MPa, about 5MPa to about 15MPa, about 10MPa to about 50MPa, about 10MPa to about 40MPa, about 10MPa to about 30MPa, about 10MPa to about 20MPa, about 15MPa to about 50MPa, about 15MPa to about 40MPa, about 15MPa to about 30MPa, or about 15MPa to about 20 MPa. At one or moreIn embodiments, the CT exhibited by the glass article_bent/CT_flatLess than 1.4 (e.g., about 1.35 or less, about 1.3 or less, about 1.25 or less, about 1.2 or less, about 1.15 or less, about 1.1 or less, or about 1.05 or less). In one or more embodiments, CT_bend、CT_flatAnd CT_bendAnd CT_flatIs smaller than the result of equation (1).

Equations (1)52.029-42.032 x ln (t).

In one or more embodiments, the CS region includes a surface CS value ranging from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, about 950MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1000MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1050MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1100MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1150MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1200MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1250MPa to about 1500MPa, about 1300MPa to about 1500MPa, about 900MPa to about 1450MPa, about 900MPa to about 1400MPa, about 900MPa to about 1350MPa, about 900MPa to about 1300MPa, about 900MPa to about 1250MPa, about 900MPa to about 1200MPa, about 900MPa to about 1100MPa, about 900MPa to about 1050MPa, or about 1000MPa to about 1100 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, a portion of the CS region includes a peak region 240 and a tail region 250. Knee region 230 is disposed between the peak region and the tail region. In one or more embodiments, all points of the stress profile in the spike region 240 comprise a tangent line having a slope in the range of-200 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron. For example, the slopes of tangents included at all points of the stress profile in the peak region 240 range from-190 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -180 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -170 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -160 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -150 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -140 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -130 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -120 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -100 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -90 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -80 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -70 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -60 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -50 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-20 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-30 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-40 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-50 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-60 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-70 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-80 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-90 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-100 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-110 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-120 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-130 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-140 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-150 MPa/micron, -150MPa/cm micron to-50 MPa/micron, -125 MPa/micron to-75 MPa/micron, -140 MPa/micron to-40 MPa/micron, -140 MPa/micron to-65 MPa/micron, -200 MPa/micron to-95 MPa/micron, -95 MPa/micron to-40 MPa/micron, -40 MPa/micron to-95 MPa/micron, Or-40 MPa/micron to-65 MPa/micron.

In one or more embodiments, the slope of tangents included at all points in the tail region ranges from-3 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron (e.g., -2.8 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -2.6 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -2.5 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -2 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -1.8 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -1.6 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -1.5 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -1.4 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -1.2 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -0.8 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -0.6 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -0.5 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-0.1 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-0.2 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-0.3 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-0.4 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-0.5 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-0.6 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-0.7 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-0.8 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-0.9 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-1 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-1.1 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-1.2 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-1.4 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-1.5 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-1.6 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-1.7 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-1.8 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-1.9 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-2 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-2.2 MPa/micron, -3 MPa/micron to-2.4 MPa/micron, -2.5 MPa/micron to-0.5 MPa/micron, or-2 MPa/micron to-1 MPa/micron).

In one or more embodiments, the knee region is a transition region between the peak region and the tail region. In one or more embodiments, the slope of the tangent included at all points in the knee region is between the slope of the tangent at all points in the peak region and the tail region.

In one or more embodiments, the peak region comprises a CS value in a range from greater than 200MPa to about 1500MPa (e.g., from about 250MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 300MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 350MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 400MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 450MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 500MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 550MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 600MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 650MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 700MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 750MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 800MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 850MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 950MPa to about 1500MPa, from about 1000MPa to about 1500MPa, from greater than 200MPa to about 1450MPa, from greater than 200MPa to about 1400MPa, from greater than 200MPa to about 1350MPa, from greater than about 200MPa to about 1300MPa, from greater than 200MPa to about 1250MPa, from greater than 200MPa to about 1200MPa, from about 1150MPa to about 1500MPa, From greater than about 200MPa to about 1050MPa, from greater than about 200MPa to about 1000MPa, or from about 500MPa to about 900 MPa).

In one or more embodiments, the knee region comprises a CS value in a range from about 50MPa to about 200MPa, about 60MPa to about 200MPa, about 70MPa to about 200MPa, about 80MPa to about 200MPa, about 90MPa to about 200MPa, about 100MPa to about 200MPa, about 110MPa to about 200MPa, about 120MPa to about 200MPa, about 130MPa to about 200MPa, about 140MPa to about 200MPa, about 150MPa to about 200MPa, about 50MPa to about 190MPa, about 50MPa to about 180MPa, about 50MPa to about 170MPa, about 50MPa to about 160MPa, about 50MPa to about 150MPa, about 50MPa to about 140MPa, about 50MPa to about 130MPa, about 50MPa to about 120MPa, about 50MPa to about 110MPa, about 50MPa to about 100MPa, about 50MPa to about 90MPa, about 50MPa to about 80MPa, or about 75MPa to about 150 MPa.

In one or more embodiments, the DOL or knee region can extend from about 10 microns to about 50 microns from the first major surface. For example, the DOL or knee region can extend from about 12 microns to about 50 microns, from about 14 microns to about 50 microns, from about 15 microns to about 50 microns, from about 16 microns to about 50 microns, from about 18 microns to about 50 microns, from about 20 microns to about 50 microns, from about 22 microns to about 50 microns, from about 24 microns to about 50 microns, from about 25 microns to about 50 microns, from about 26 microns to about 50 microns, from about 28 microns to about 50 microns, from about 30 microns to about 50 microns, from about 10 microns to about 48 microns, from about 10 microns to about 46 microns, from about 10 microns to about 45 microns, from about 10 microns to about 44 microns, from about 10 microns to about 42 microns, from about 10 microns to about 40 microns, from about 10 microns to about 38 microns, from about 10 microns to about 36 microns, from about 10 microns to about 35 microns, from about 10 microns to about 34 microns, from about 10 microns to about 32 microns, from about 10 microns to about 30 microns, from about 10 microns to about 28 microns, About 10 microns to about 26 microns, about 10 microns to about 25 microns, about 10 microns to about 24 microns, about 10 microns to about 22 microns, about 10 microns to about 20 microns, about 10 microns to about 18 microns, about 10 microns to about 16 microns, about 10 microns to about 15 microns, about 10 microns to about 14 microns, about 12 microns to about 18 microns, about 14 microns to about 16 microns, about 14 microns to about 18 microns, or about 15 microns to about 20 microns.

In one or more embodiments, the tail region extends from the knee region to the DOC, wherein the DOC is up to about 0.25 t. For example, the tail region extends from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.25t, from a depth of 25 microns to about 0.25t, from a depth of 30 microns to about 0.25t, from a depth of 35 microns to about 0.25t, from a depth of 40 microns to about 0.25t, from a depth of 50 microns to about 0.25t, from a depth of 75 microns to about 0.25t, from a depth of 100 microns to about 0.25t, from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.21t, from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.2t, from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.18t, from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.16t, from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.15t, from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.14t, from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.12t, from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.08t, Or from a depth of 20 microns to about 0.06 t.

In one or more embodiments, the slope of a tangent line included at all points of the stress profile along at least a portion of the CT region ranges from-1 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron (e.g., -0.9 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, -0.8 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, -0.7 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, -0.6 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, -0.5 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, -0.4 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, -0.3 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, -0.2 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, -0.1 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, 0 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, 0.01/micron to 1 MPa/micron, 0.2 MPa/micron to 1 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0.9 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0.8 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0.7 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0.6 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0.5 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0.4 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0.3 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0.2 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0.1 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to 0 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to-0.1 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to-0.2 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to-0.3 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to-0.4 MPa/micron, -1 MPa/micron to-0.5 MPa/micron, or-0.5 MPa/micron to 0.5 MPa/micron). In one or more embodiments, the slope of the tangent line included in at least 50% of the CT region ranges from 1 MPa/micron to-1 MPa/micron or a subrange disclosed herein.

In one or more embodiments, the tail region may be curved or have a curvature that approximates a parabolic stress profile in the tail region. In one or more embodiments, all points of the stress profile in the tail region form a power-law profile having a power exponent, wherein the power exponent ranges from about 1.2 to 3.4 (e.g., from about 1.3 to about 3.4, from about 1.4 to about 3.4, from about 1.5 to about 3.4, from about 1.6 to about 3.4, from about 1.7 to about 3.4, from about 1.8 to about 3.4, from about 1.9 to about 3.4, from about 2 to about 3.4, from about 1.2 to about 3.2, from about 1.2 to about 3, from about 1.2 to about 2.8, from about 1.2 to about 2.6, from about 1.2 to about 2.4, from about 1.2 to about 2, from about 1.2 to about 1.8, from about 1.2 to about 1.6, from about 1.5 to about 3, or from about 2 to about 2.5).

In one or more embodiments, a portion of the CT area or the entire CT area may be curved or have a curvature that approximates a parabolic shape. In one or more embodiments, all points of the stress profile in a portion of the CT region or the entire CT region form a power-law profile having a power exponent, wherein the power exponent ranges from about 1.2 to 3.4 (e.g., from about 1.3 to about 3.4, from about 1.4 to about 3.4, from about 1.5 to about 3.4, from about 1.6 to about 3.4, from about 1.7 to about 3.4, from about 1.8 to about 3.4, from about 1.9 to about 3.4, from about 2 to about 3.4, from about 1.2 to about 3.2, from about 1.2 to about 3, from about 1.2 to about 2.8, from about 1.2 to about 2.6, from about 1.2 to about 2.4, from about 1.2 to about 2, from about 1.2 to about 1.8, from about 1.2 to about 1.6, from about 1.5 to about 3, or from about 2.5).

In one or more embodiments, in some embodiments, the stress profile along the CT region may be approximated by equation (2):

stress (x) ═ MaxCT- (((MaxCT · (n +1))/0.5ⁿ)·|(x/t)-0.5|ⁿ)(2)

In equation (2), the stress (x) is the stress value at position x. The stress here is positive (tensile). MaxCT is the positive maximum central tension in MPa. The value x is the position along the thickness (t) in microns, where the range is from 0 to t; x-0 is one surface (110 in fig. 3), x-0.5 t is the center of the glass article, where stress (x) MaxCT and x-t is the opposite surface (120 in fig. 3). The MaxCT for equation (2) may range from about 5MPa to about 60MPa, while n is a fitting parameter from 1.5 to 5 (e.g., 2 to 4, 2 to 3, or 1.8 to 2.2), where n-2 may provide a parabolic stress profile, and an index deviating from n-2 is to provide a stress profile having a stress profile close to a parabolic stress profile.

In one or more embodiments, as shown in fig. 3, the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article is in a cold-bend configuration and comprises a conical surface, a cylindrical surface, or an extensible surface. Examples of cold-bent glass articles are shown in fig. 6 and 7. In one or more embodiments, the radius of curvature of the glass article is about 20mm or greater, 40mm or greater, 50mm or greater, 60mm or greater, 100mm or greater, 250mm or greater, or 500mm or greater. For example, the radius of curvature may range from about 20mm to about 10000mm, from about 30mm to about 10000mm, from about 40mm to about 10000mm, from about 50mm to about 10000mm, from 60mm to about 10000mm, from about 70mm to about 10000mm, from about 80mm to about 10000mm, from about 90mm to about 10000mm, from about 100mm to about 10000mm, from about 120mm to about 10000mm, from about 140mm to about 10000mm, from about 150mm to about 10000mm, from about 160mm to about 10000mm, from about 180mm to about 10000mm, from about 200mm to about 10000mm, from about 220mm to about 10000mm, from about 240mm to about 10000mm, from about 250mm to about 10000mm, from about 260mm to about 10000mm, from about 270mm to about 10000mm, from about 280mm to about 10000mm, from about 290mm to about 10000mm, from about 300mm to about 10000mm, from about 350mm to about 10000mm, from about 400mm to about 10000mm, from about 450mm to about 10000mm, from about 500mm to about 10000mm, from about 650mm to about 10000mm, from about 650mm to about 10000mm, from about 200mm to about 10000mm, from about 700mm, from about, About 750mm to about 10000mm, about 800mm to about 10000mm, about 900mm to about 10000mm, about 950mm to about 10000mm, about 1000mm to about 10000mm, about 1250mm to about 10000mm, about 1500mm to about 10000mm, about 1750mm to about 10000mm, about 2000mm to about 10000mm, about 2500mm to about 10000mm, about 3000mm to about 10000mm, about 4000mm to about 10000mm, about 5000mm to about 10000mm, about 6000mm to about 10000mm, about 7000mm to about 10000mm, about 8000mm to about 10000mm, about 20mm to about 9000mm, about 20mm to about 8000mm, about 20mm to about 7000mm, about 20mm to about 6000mm, about 20mm to about 5000mm, about 20mm to about 4000mm, about 20mm to about 3000mm, about 20mm to about 2500mm, about 20mm to about 2000mm, about 20mm to about 1950, about 20mm to about 20mm, about 1900mm to about 20mm, about 20mm to about 20mm, about 20mm, About 20mm to about 1550mm, about 20mm to about 1500mm, about 20mm to about 1450mm, about 20mm to about 1400mm, about 20mm to about 1300mm, about 20mm to about 1200mm, about 20mm to about 1100mm, about 20mm to about 1000mm, about 20mm to about 950mm, about 20mm to about 900mm, about 20mm to about 850mm, about 20mm to about 800mm, about 20mm to about 750mm, about 20mm to about 700mm, about 20mm to about 650mm, about 20mm to about 200mm, about 20mm to about 550mm, about 20mm to about 500mm, about 20mm to about 450mm, about 20mm to about 400mm, about 20mm to about 350mm, about 20mm to about 300mm, about 20mm to about 250mm, about 20mm to about 200mm, about 20mm to about 150mm, about 20mm to about 100mm, about 20mm to about 50mm, about 60mm to about 60mm, about 1000mm to about 1000mm, about 20mm to about 200mm, about 20mm to about 500mm, about 60mm, about 1000mm, about 20mm to about 200mm, about 20mm, About 60mm to about 900mm, about 60mm to about 850mm, about 60mm to about 800mm, about 60mm to about 750mm, about 60mm to about 700mm, about 60mm to about 650mm, about 60mm to about 600mm, about 60mm to about 550mm, about 60mm to about 500mm, about 60mm to about 450mm, about 60mm to about 400mm, about 60mm to about 350mm, about 60mm to about 300mm, or about 60mm to about 250 mm. In one or more embodiments, glass articles having a thickness of less than about 0.4mm may exhibit a radius of curvature of less than about 100mm or less than about 60 mm.

In one or more embodiments, the first major surface comprises a first major surface CS value in a range of about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, and the second major surface comprises a second major surface CS value different from the first major surface CS value. In one or more embodiments, the first major surface CS is larger than the second major surface CS. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the first major surface forms a concave surface and an opposite portion of the second major surface forms a convex surface. In one or more embodiments, the first major surface CS is larger due to the cold-bending configuration of the glass article. The first major surface is compressed and forms a concave surface. The first main surface CS may be estimated as the sum of the surface CS before cold bending and the CS given by cold bending, and may be calculated using equation (3).

Equation (3): e t/(2R),

where E is Young's modulus and R is the radius of curvature in mm.

CS (including surface CS) is measured by a surface stress meter (FSM) using a commercially available instrument such as FSM-6000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial co. Surface stress measurements depend on the accurate measurement of the Stress Optical Coefficient (SOC) related to the birefringence of the glass. SOC was then measured according to procedure C (Glass disc Method) described in ASTM Standard C770-16, entitled "Standard Test Method for measuring of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient," the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

Depending on the ion exchange process, DOC can be measured by FSM or scattered light polarizer (SCALP). The DOC is measured using a FSM with the stress in the glass article being generated by exchanging potassium ions to the glass article. The DOC is measured using the SCALP with the stress created by exchanging sodium ions to the glass article. When the stress in the glass article is generated by exchanging potassium and sodium ions into the glass, the DOC is measured by SCALP because the exchange depth of sodium is considered to be indicative of the DOC, while the exchange depth of potassium ions is indicative of the change in magnitude of the compressive stress (but not the change in stress from compressive to tensile); the depth of exchange of potassium ions ("potassium DOL") in such glass articles was measured by FSM. Potassium DOL differs from DOC in that potassium DOL represents the depth of potassium penetration caused by the ion exchange treatment. For the articles described herein, the potassium DOL is generally less than the DOC.

The maximum CT value is measured using the scattered light polariscope (SCALP) technique known in the art. A Refracted Near Field (RNF) method or SCALP may be used to measure the stress profile. When the RNF method is used to measure the stress profile, the maximum CT value provided by SCALP is used in the RNF method. More specifically, the RNF measured stress profile is force balanced and calibrated to the maximum CT value provided by the scapp measurement. The RNF method is described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,854,623 entitled "Systems and methods for measuring a profile characterization of a glass sample," which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. More specifically, the RNF method includes placing a glass article adjacent to a reference block, generating a polarization-switched beam that switches between orthogonal polarizations at a rate between 1Hz and 50Hz, measuring an amount of power in the polarization-switched beam, and generating a polarization-switched reference signal, wherein the measured amounts of power for each of the orthogonal polarizations are within 50% of each other. The method further includes emitting the polarization-switched beam into the glass sample through different depths of the glass sample and the reference cube, and then relaying the emitted polarization-switched beam to a signal photodetector using a relay optical system, wherein the signal photodetector generates a polarization-switched detector signal. The method further includes dividing the detector signal by the reference signal to form a normalized detector signal, and determining a profile characteristic of the glass sample from the normalized detector signal.

As shown in fig. 8, the glass article can include a display or touch panel 300 disposed on the first or second major surface. As shown in fig. 8, the glass article can include an adhesive 400 disposed between the glass article (specifically the first or second major surface) and the display or touch panel.

Although the glass article, adhesive, and display or touch panel are shown in a flat configuration in fig. 8, at least the glass article or both the glass article and the display or touch panel are curved. In one or more embodiments, at least a portion of the first or second major surface comprises a radius of curvature in a range from about 20mm to about 2000 mm.

In one or more embodiments, either or both of the first major surface and the second major surface include a surface treatment. The surface treatment may cover at least a portion of the first major surface and the second major surface. The surface treatment may comprise any one or more of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface. In some embodiments, the surface treatment comprises at least two of any of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface. In one example, the first major surface comprises an anti-glare surface and the second major surface comprises an anti-reflection surface. In another example, the first major surface comprises an anti-reflective surface and the second major surface comprises an anti-glare surface. In yet another example, the first major surface includes one or both of an anti-glare surface and an anti-reflection surface, while the second major surface includes a decorative surface. The decorative surface may be disposed on at least a portion of the perimeter of the glass article, surrounding an interior portion substantially free of the decorative surface. The decorative surface may comprise any one of a wood grain design, a metal hairline design, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glare surface comprises an etched surface and the anti-reflective surface comprises a multi-layer coating.

The anti-glare surface can be formed using an etching process, and can exhibit a transmission haze of 20% or less (e.g., about 15% or less, or about 10% or less) and a distinctness of image (DOI) of about 80 or less. The terms "transmission haze" and "haze" as used herein refer to the percentage of transmitted light scattered outside the pyramid at about ± 2.5 ° according to ASTM procedure D1003. For an optically smooth surface, transmission haze is typically near zero. The term "clarity of an Image" as used herein is defined by ASTM procedure D5767(ASTM 5767), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, method A entitled "Standard Test Methods for Instrument Measurements of Distinguishing-of-Image glasses of Coating Surfaces". Article reflection factor measurements were made on the antiglare surface at a specular viewing angle and at an angle slightly offset from the specular viewing angle according to method a of ASTM 5767. The values taken from these measurements are combined to provide a DOI value. More specifically, DOI is calculated according to the equation

Where Ros is the relative reflection intensity average between 0.2 ° and 0.4 away from the specular reflection direction, and Rs is the relative reflection intensity average in the specular reflection direction (between +0.05 ° and-0.05 ° centered on the specular reflection direction). If the input light source angle is +20 ° from the sample surface normal (throughout this disclosure), and the surface normal to the sample is considered 0 °, then the measurement of specular reflected light Rs is considered an average in the range of about-19.95 ° to-20.05 °, and Ros is considered an average reflected intensity in the range of about-20.2 ° to-20.4 ° (or-19.6 ° to-19.8 °, or an average of both ranges). As used herein, DOI values should be interpreted directly to specify a target ratio of Ros/Rs as defined herein. In some embodiments, the antiglare surface has a reflective scattering profile such that > 95% of the reflected optical power is contained within a +/-10 ° cone, wherein the cone is centered about the specular reflection direction for any input angle.

The resulting antiglare surface can include a textured surface having a plurality of recessed features with openings outward from the surface. The average cross-sectional dimension of the openings can be about 30 microns or less. In one or more embodiments, the anti-glare surface exhibits low glare (for a low pixel power deviation reference or PPDr) (e.g., PPDr is about 6% or less). The terms "pixel power deviation reference" and "PPDR" as used herein refer to quantitative measurements for display flashes. Unless otherwise noted, PPDR is measured using a display arrangement comprising an edge-lit liquid crystal display screen (twisted nematic liquid crystal display) having an original sub-pixel pitch of 60 μm 180 μm and a sub-pixel aperture window size of about 44 μm 142 μm. The front surface of the liquid crystal display screen has a smooth linear polarizing film of antireflection type. To determine the PPDR of a display system or an antiglare surface forming part of a display system, a screen is placed in the focal region of an "eye simulator" camera that approximates the parameters of the eyes of a human observer. As such, the camera system includes an aperture (or "pupil aperture") inserted into the optical path to adjust the collection angle of the light and thus approximate the aperture of the pupil of the human eye. In the PPDr measurement described herein, the iris aperture subtends an angle of 18 milliradians.

The antireflective surface may be formed from a multilayer coating stack formed of alternating layers of high and low index materials. Such a coating stack may comprise 6 or more layers. In one or more embodiments, the antireflective surface can exhibit a single-sided average light reflectance of about 2% or less (e.g., about 1.5% or less, about 1% or less, about 0.75% or less, about 0.5% or less, or about 0.25% or less) over an optical wavelength region in the range of about 400nm to about 800 nm. The average reflectance is measured at an incident illumination angle of greater than about 0 degrees to less than about 10 degrees.

The decorative surface may include any aesthetic design formed from pigments (e.g., inks, paints, and the like), and may include wood grain designs, metal hairline designs, graphic designs, portraits, or logos. In one or more embodiments, the decorative surface presents a clear-front effect, wherein the decorative surface hides or covers the underlying display when the display is closed, but allows viewing of the display when the display is open. The decorative surface may be printed onto the glass article. In one or more embodiments, the antiglare surface comprises an etched surface. In one or more embodiments, the anti-reflective surface comprises a multilayer coating. In one or more embodiments, the easy-to-clean surface includes an oil-resistant coating that imparts anti-fingerprint properties. In one or more embodiments, the tactile surface includes a raised or recessed surface formed by depositing a polymer or glass material on the surface to provide tactile feedback to the user when touched.

Suitable glass compositions for glass articles include soda lime glass, aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, boroaluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing aluminosilicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing boroaluminosilicate glass.

Unless otherwise indicated, the glass compositions disclosed herein are described in terms of mole percent (mol%) analyzed on an oxide basis.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes SiO₂May range from about 60 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 61 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 62 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 63 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 64 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 65 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 66 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 67 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 68 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 69 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 70 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 72 mol% to about 80 mol%, about 60 mol% to about 78 mol%, about 60 mol% to about 76 mol%, about 60 mol% to about 75 mol%, about 60 mol% to about 74 mol%, about 60 mol% to about 72 mol%, or about 60 mol% to about 70 mol%, as well as all ranges and subranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al₂O₃The amount of (a) is greater than about 4 mole% or greater than about 5 mole%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Al2O3 in a range from about 7 mol% to about 21 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 21 mol%, and from about 9 mol%% to about 21 mole%, from greater than about 10 mole% to about 21 mole%, about 12 mole% to about 21 mole%, about 14 mole% to about 21 mole%, about 15 mole% to about 21 mole%, about 16 mole% to about 21 mole%, about 18 mole% to about 21 mole%, about 7 mole% to about 20 mole%, about 7 mole% to about 18 mole%, about 7 mole% to about 17 mole%, about 7 mole% to about 16 mole%, about 7 mole% to about 15 mole%, about 7 mole% to about 14 mole%, about 7 mole% to about 13 mole%, about 12 mole% to about 18 mole%, about 13 mole% to about 17 mole%, about 14 mole% to about 18 mole%, or about 12 mole% to about 17 mole%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article is described as or includes an aluminosilicate glass article. In such embodiments, the glass composition or article formed therefrom comprises SiO₂With Al₂O₃Rather than soda-lime-silicate glasses. In this regard, the glass composition or article formed thereby comprises Al₂O₃The amount is about 2 mole% or more, 2.25 mole% or more, 2.5 mole% or more, about 2.75 mole% or more, about 3 mole% or more.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises B₂O₃(e.g., about 0.01 mole% or more). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes B₂O₃Ranges of amounts of (a) are about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 3 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 2 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition contains substantially no B₂O₃。

As used herein, "substantially free of, with respect to ingredients of a composition, means that the ingredients are not actively or intentionally added to the composition during initial compounding, but may be present as impurities in an amount less than about 0.001 mole%.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition optionally includes P₂O₅(e.g., about 0.01 mole% or more). In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises up to (and including) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1.5, 1, or 0.5 mol% P₂O₅Is not zero. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition contains substantially no P₂O₅。

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include R₂The total amount of O (being an alkali metal oxide (e.g. Li)₂O、Na₂O、K₂O、Rb₂O, and Cs₂Total amount of O)) greater than or equal to about 8 mole percent, greater than or equal to about 10 mole percent, or greater than or equal to about 12 mole percent. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a total amount of R2O in a range from about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or from 11 mol% to about 13 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may contain substantially no Rb₂O、Cs₂O, or Rb₂O and Cs₂O, and both. In one or more embodiments, R₂O may include only Li₂O、Na₂O and K₂The total amount of O. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include Li₂O、Na₂O and K₂At least one of an alkali metal oxide of O, wherein the alkali metal oxide is present in an amount greater than about8 mol% or more.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Na₂The amount of O is greater than or equal to about 8 mole percent, greater than or equal to about 10 mole percent, or greater than or equal to about 12 mole percent. In one or more embodiments, the composition includes Na₂The range of O is from about 8 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 18 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 16 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 14 mol%, from about 8 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 9 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 11 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 12 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 13 mol% to about 20 mol%, from about 10 mol% to about 14 mol%, or from 11 mol% to about 16 mol%, as well as all ranges and subranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes less than about 4 mol% K₂O, less than about 3 mol% K₂O, or less than about 1 mol% K₂And O. In some cases, the glass composition may include K₂The amount of O ranges from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.2 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 0.1 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 3.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 3 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2.5 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 2 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, or from about 0.5 mol% to about 1 mol%, and all subranges therebetween. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may contain substantially no K₂O。

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Li₂The amount of O is greater than or equal to about 0.5 mole%, greater than or equal to about 1 mole%, or greater than or equal to about 1.5 mole%. In one or more embodiments, the composition includesNa₂The range of O is from about 0.5 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 1.5 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 2 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 2.5 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 3 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 5 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 6 mol% to about 12 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 11 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 10 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 9 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 0.5 mol% to about 6 mol%, from about 3 mol% to about 8 mol%, from about 4 mol% to about 8 mol%, or from about 5 mol% to about 8 mol%, and all subranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition contains substantially no Li₂O。

In one or more embodiments, Na in the composition₂The amount of O may be greater than Li₂The amount of O. In some cases, Na₂The amount of O may be greater than Li₂O and K₂The combined amount of O. In one or more alternative embodiments, Li in the composition₂The amount of O may be greater than Na₂Amount of O or Na₂O and K₂The combined amount of O.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include a total amount of RO (which is a total amount of alkaline earth metal oxides (e.g., CaO, MgO, BaO, ZnO, and SrO)) in a range of about 0 mol% to about 2 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition includes a non-zero amount of up to about 2 mol% RO. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises RO in an amount of about 0 mol% to about 1.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.4 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1.2 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 1 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.8 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 0.5 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes an amount of CaO that is less than about 1 mol%, less than about 0.8 mol%, or less than about 0.5 mol%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes substantially no CaO.

In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises MgO in an amount of from about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 6 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, from about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, from about 1 mol% to about 7 mol%, from about 2 mol% to about 6 mol%, or from about 3 mol% to about 6 mol%, as well as all ranges and subranges therebetween.

In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises ZnO in an amount of about 0 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 5 mol%, about 0.1 mol% to about 4 mol%, about 1 mol% to about 7 mol%, about 2 mol% to about 6 mol%, about 3 mol% to about 6 mol%, or about 1 mol% to about 3 mol%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes ZrO₂The amount of (b) is equal to or less than about 0.2 mole%, less than about 0.18 mole%, less than about 0.16 mole%, less than about 0.15 mole%, less than about 0.14 mole%, less than about 0.12 mole%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes ZrO₂Ranges of (a) are about 0.01 mole% to about 0.2 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.18 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.16 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.15 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.14 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.12 mole%, or about 0.01 mole% to about 0.10 mole%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO₂Is equal to or less than about 0.2 mole%, less than about 0.18 mole%, less than about 0.16 mole%, less than about 0.15 mole%Less than about 0.14 mole%, less than about 0.12 mole%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition comprises SnO₂Ranges of (a) are about 0.01 mole% to about 0.2 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.18 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.16 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.15 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.14 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.12 mole%, or about 0.01 mole% to about 0.10 mole%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may include an oxide that imparts a color or tint to the glass article. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises an oxide that prevents the glass article from discoloring when the glass article is exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Examples of such oxides include, but are not limited to, the following oxides: ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ce, W, and Mo.

In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe as expressed₂O₃Wherein Fe is present in an amount up to (and including) about 1 mol%. In some embodiments, the glass composition comprises substantially no Fe. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe₂O₃The amount of (b) is equal to or less than about 0.2 mole%, less than about 0.18 mole%, less than about 0.16 mole%, less than about 0.15 mole%, less than about 0.14 mole%, less than about 0.12 mole%. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition includes Fe₂O₃Ranges of (a) are about 0.01 mole% to about 0.2 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.18 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.16 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.15 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.14 mole%, about 0.01 mole% to about 0.12 mole%, or about 0.01 mole% to about 0.10 mole%, and all ranges and subranges therebetween.

When the glass composition comprises TiO₂Of TiO 2₂May be present in an amount of about 5 mole% or less, about 2.5 mole% or less, about 2 mole% or less, or about 1 mole% or less. In one or more embodiments, the glass composition may be substantially free of glass particlesDoes not contain TiO₂。

A second aspect of the present disclosure pertains to an automotive interior system incorporating one or more embodiments of the glass articles described herein. In one or more embodiments, an automotive interior system includes a base and a glass article disposed on the base. In one or more embodiments, when an impactor having a mass of 6.8kg impacts the first major surface of the glass article at an impact velocity of 5.35m/s to 6.69m/s, the deceleration of the impactor is 120g (gravity) or less. In one or more embodiments, the deceleration of the impactor is no greater than 80g for any 3ms interval during the impact time. In one or more embodiments, when a striker breaks a glass article, the glass article exhibits post-breakage visibility. In one or more embodiments, post-rupture visibility means that the underlying display or icon can be seen at a viewing angle from normal to 15 degrees from normal. In one or more embodiments, post-breakage visibility means that after the glass article is disposed over the display and the striker breaks the glass article, the glass article is broken into relatively larger sized or relatively smaller number of pieces. In one or more embodiments, the smallest dimension (excluding thickness) of all debris disposed above the display (rather than above the non-display area of the automotive interior system) is greater than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% of the surface area of the display. In one or more embodiments, the smallest dimension of the debris above the display (rather than above the non-display area of the vehicle interior system) is greater than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, or 40% of the surface area of the display, and the amount of debris is less than 20, less than 10, less than 5, or less than 3.

In one or more embodiments, the base includes a support structure, which may comprise molded or machined plastic, composite materials, aluminum alloys, steel or stainless steel, or any other material that provides support. In one or more embodiments, such a base may form a center console, an instrument panel, an armrest, a pillar, a seat back, a floor, a headrest, a door panel, and a steering wheel. In one or more embodiments, the base may be a separate component that is integrated to form a center console, an instrument panel, armrests, pillars, a seat back, a floor, a headrest, a door panel, and a steering wheel.

In one or more embodiments, a glass article for use in an automotive interior system includes a Compressive Stress (CS) region having a surface compressive stress value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa and a Central Tension (CT) region having a maximum CT value of about 60MPa or less.

In one or more embodiments, the glass article is curved. In one or more embodiments, the glass article includes a first radius of curvature of about 200mm or greater. In one or more embodiments, the base is curved and has a radius of curvature that is within 10% of the first radius of curvature. In one or more embodiments, the base may be flat or have a radius of curvature of less than 200mm, less than 100mm, less than 50mm, less than 25mm, or less than 10 mm.

In one or more embodiments of the automotive interior system, the CT region has a maximum value (CT) of about 60MPa or less when the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration_flat). In one or more embodiments, the glass article is disposed on the base in a curved configuration with a CT region having a maximum value (CT)_bend). In one or more embodiments, the curved glass article comprises a CT_bent/CT_flat<1.4. In one or more embodiments, CT_bend、CT_flatAnd CT_bendAnd CT_flatIs smaller than the result of equation (1).

In one or more embodiments, the glass article is in a cold-bend configuration and comprises a conical surface, a cylindrical surface, or an extensible surface. In one or more embodiments, the first major surface of the glass article comprises a first major surface CS value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, and the second major surface comprises a second major surface CS value different from the first major surface CS value.

In one or more embodiments, an automotive interior system includes a display or touch panel disposed on a first or second major surface of a glass article. In one or more embodiments, the adhesive is disposed between the first or second major surface and the display or touch panel. Glass articles for use in embodiments of the automotive interior systems described herein may include a surface treatment (as described herein).

A third aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a method for forming a glass article. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises the steps of: a glass sheet having a first major surface, a second major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface and defining a thickness (t) is strengthened to provide a first strengthened glass article having a first Compressive Stress (CS) region and a first Central Tension (CT) region, the first CS region having a surface CS in a range from about 600MPa to about 800 MPa. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises the steps of: the first strengthened glass article is strengthened to provide a glass article comprising a final CS region comprising a surface CS value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa and a final CT stress region having a maximum CT value of about 60MPa or less.

In one or more embodiments, the glass sheet may be mechanically strengthened by exploiting the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients between portions of the article to create a compressive stress region and a central region exhibiting tensile stress. In some embodiments, the glass sheet can be heat strengthened by heating the glass to a temperature above the glass transition point and then rapidly quenching.

In one or more embodiments, the glass sheet can be chemically strengthened by ion exchange. In the ion exchange treatment, ions at or near the surface of the glass sheet are replaced or exchanged by larger ions having the same valence or oxidation state. In those embodiments where the glass sheet comprises an alkali aluminosilicate glass, the ions and larger ions in the surface layer of the sheet are monovalent alkali cations (e.g., Li +, Na +, K +, Rb +, and Cs +). Alternatively, the monovalent cation in the surface layer may be replaced with a monovalent cation other than an alkali metal cation (e.g., Ag + or the like). In such embodiments, the monovalent ions (or cations) exchanged into the glass sheet create stress.

The ion exchange treatment is typically performed by immersing the glass sheet (or article) in a molten salt bath (or two or more molten salt baths) containing larger ions to exchange with the smaller ions in the glass sheet or article. It should be noted that an aqueous salt bath may also be utilized. Additionally, the composition of the bath may include more than one type of larger ion (e.g., Na + and K +) or a single larger ion. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that parameters for the ion exchange treatment include, but are not limited to, the composition and temperature of the bath, the immersion time, the number of times the glass sheet or article is immersed in the salt bath (or baths), the use of multiple salt baths, additional steps such as annealing, washing, and the like, and are generally determined by the composition of the glass sheet or article (including the structure and any crystalline phases present of the article) and the desired DOC and CS of the glass sheet or article produced via strengthening. Exemplary molten bath compositions may include nitrates, sulfates, chlorides of larger alkali metal ions. Typical nitrates include KNO₃、NaNO₃、LiNO₃、NaSO₄And combinations thereof. Depending on the glass sheet or article thickness, the temperature of the bath, the glass (or monovalent ion) diffusivity, the temperature of the molten salt bath is typically in the range of about 380 ℃ to about 450 ℃, while the immersion time is in the range of about 15 minutes to about 100 hours. However, temperatures and immersion times other than those described above may also be used.

In one or more embodiments, the glass sheet or article may be immersed in 100% NaNO having a temperature of about 370 ℃ to about 480 ℃₃100% KNO₃Or NaNO₃With KNO₃The combined molten salt bath of (1). In some embodiments, the glass sheet or article may be dipped to include about 1% to about 99% KNO₃And about 1% to about 99% NaNO₃The molten mixed salt bath of (1). In one or more embodiments, after immersion in the first bath, the glass sheet or article may be immersed in a second bath. The first and second baths may have different compositions and/or temperatures from each other. The immersion time in the first and second baths may beDifferent. For example, the immersion time in the first bath may be longer than the immersion time in the second bath.

In one or more embodiments, the glass sheet or article can be dipped into a solution comprising NaNO having a temperature less than about 420 ℃ (e.g., about 400 ℃ or about 380 ℃), and₃with KNO₃(e.g., 49%/51%, 50%/50%, 51%/49%) of the molten mixed salt bath for less than about 5 hours, or even about 4 hours or less.

The ion exchange conditions can be tailored to provide a spike region at or near the surface of the resulting glass sheet or article. The spike region may result in a larger surface CS value. Due to the unique properties of the glass compositions used in the glass sheets or articles described herein, this spike region may be achieved by a single bath or multiple baths, wherein the baths have a single composition or a mixed composition.

In one or more embodiments, when more than one monovalent ion is exchanged to a glass sheet or article, different monovalent ions may be exchanged to different depths within the glass sheet or article (and create different magnitudes of stress at different depths within the glass sheet or article). The relative depths of the stress-generating ions generated may be determined and result in different characteristics of the stress profile (e.g., peak region, knee region, and tail region). The shape of the stress profile in the CT region may also be determined by the ion exchange conditions.

In one or more specific embodiments, the method comprises the steps of: the step of chemically strengthening the glass sheet comprises immersing the glass sheet in KNO at a temperature in a range of about 310 ℃ to about 450 ℃₃、NaNO₃Or KNO₃And NaNO₃For about 2 hours to about 40 hours in the molten salt bath of the combination of (a).

In one or more embodiments, the method comprises the steps of: the first strengthened glass article is strengthened by the step of chemically strengthening the glass article. In one or more embodiments, the step of chemically strengthening the glass article comprises immersing the glass sheet in KNO having a temperature in a range of about 310 ℃ to about 450 ℃₃、NaNO₃Or KNO₃And NaNO₃For about 2 hours to about 40 hours in the molten salt bath of the combination of (a).

A fourth aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method for forming an automotive interior system, the method comprising the steps of: securing a display or touch panel to a cold-bent glass article to provide a module, wherein the glass article comprises a glass article according to one or more embodiments; and securing the module to a base of an automotive interior system. In one or more embodiments, the step of securing the display or touch panel to the cold-bent glass article comprises the steps of: the glass article is cold bent prior to securing the display or touch panel to the cold bent glass article. In one or more embodiments, the step of securing the display or touch panel to the cold-bent glass article comprises the steps of: the glass article cold bending occurs in synchronization with securing the display or touch panel to the cold bent glass article.

In one or more embodiments, a portion of the first major surface of the cold-bent article can include a concave surface while an opposite portion of the second major surface includes a convex surface.

The method of one or more embodiments includes the steps of: a display or touch panel is secured to the first major surface. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises the steps of: a display or touch panel is secured to the second major surface. In one or more embodiments, the method comprises the steps of: an adhesive layer is disposed between the cold-bent glass article and the display or touch panel.

Examples

Various embodiments will be further clarified by the following examples.

Fig. 9 illustrates an exemplary glass article comprising a simulated stress profile having a substantially flat or linear CT region. In fig. 9, the CS region 200 has a surface CS 210, the surface CS 210 being in the range of about 1000MPa to about 1500 MPa. Knee stress 225 ranges from about 50MPa to about 200 MPa. DOL 230 is in the range of about 10 microns to about 20 microns, and DOC 220 is up to about 0.2 t. The maximum CT 215 can be as low as about 20 MPa. In one or more embodiments, the maximum CT is in the range of about 20MPa to about 60 MPa. In fig. 9, the simulated bend-inducing stresses 500 are superimposed to show that when the glass article is cold-bent, the concave surface of the cold-bent glass article experiences an increase in compressive stress, while the convex surface of the cold-bent glass article experiences an increase in tensile stress.

Fig. 10 illustrates an exemplary glass article including a simulated stress distribution curve having a parabolic shaped CT area. In fig. 10, the CS region 200 has a surface CS 210, the surface CS 210 being in the range of about 1000MPa to about 1500 MPa. Knee stress 225 ranges from about 50MPa to about 200 MPa. DOL 230 is in the range of about 10 microns to about 20 microns, and DOC 220 is up to about 0.2 t. The maximum CT 215 can be as low as about 20 MPa. In one or more embodiments, the maximum CT is in the range of about 20MPa to about 60 MPa. In fig. 10, at least a portion of the stress distribution curve 217 in the CT region has a parabolic shape. In fig. 10, simulated bend-inducing stresses 500 are superimposed to show that when the glass article is cold-bent, the concave surface of the cold-bent glass article experiences an increase in compressive stress, while the convex surface of the cold-bent glass article experiences an increase in tensile stress.

Aspect (1) of the present invention relates to a glass article comprising: a first major surface, a second major surface, a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface, and a thickness (t) (millimeters); a Compressive Stress (CS) region; and a Central Tension (CT) region, wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stress profile along the thickness, wherein a portion of the CS region extends from the first major surface to a depth of compression (DOC), wherein the CT region has a maximum value (CT) of about 60MPa or less when the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration_flat) And wherein the CT region comprises a maximum value (CT) when the glass article is in a cold-bend configuration_bent) Wherein CT_bent/CT_flat<1.4。

Aspect (2) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of aspect (1), wherein CT_flatIs about 40MPa or less.

Aspect (3) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of aspect (1) or aspect (2), wherein CT_flatIs about 20MPa orAnd is smaller.

Aspect (4) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (3), wherein the portion of the CS region comprises a peak region, a tail region, and a knee region between the peak region and the tail region, wherein all points of the stress profile in the peak region comprise tangents having slopes in the range of-200 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, and all points in the tail region comprise tangents having slopes in the range of-3 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron.

Aspect (5) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of aspect (4), wherein the spike region comprises a CS value in a range of greater than 200MPa to about 1500 MPa.

Aspect (6) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of aspect (4) or aspect (5), wherein the knee region comprises a CS value in a range of about 50MPa to about 200 MPa.

Aspect (7) of the present disclosure relates to the glass article of aspect (6), wherein the knee region extends from about 10 microns to about 50 microns from the first major surface.

Aspect (8) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (4) to (7), wherein the tail region extends from the substantially knee region to the DOC, wherein the DOC is up to about 0.25 t.

Aspect (9) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (8), wherein CT_bend、CT_flatAnd CT_bendAnd CT_flatIs smaller than the result of equations 52.029-42.032 ln (t).

Aspect (10) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (9), wherein all points of the stress profile along at least a portion of the CT region comprise a tangent line having a slope in a range of 1 MPa/micron to-1 MPa/micron.

Aspect (11) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of aspect (10), wherein at least 50% of the CT area comprises a tangent line having a slope in a range of 1 MPa/micron to-1 MPa/micron.

Aspect (12) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (9), wherein all points of the stress profile in the tail region form a power-law profile having a power exponent, wherein the power exponent is in a range of about 1.2 to 3.4.

Aspect (13) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (9) and (12), wherein all points of the stress profile along at least a portion of the CT region form a power-law profile having a power exponent, wherein the power exponent is in a range of about 1.2 to 3.4.

Aspects (14) of the present disclosure pertain to the glass article of aspect (13), wherein all points along the stress profile of the CT region form a power law distribution having a power exponent, wherein the power exponent is in a range of about 1.2 to 3.4.

Aspect (15) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (14), wherein the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration.

Aspect (16) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (14), wherein the glass article is in a cold-bend configuration and comprises a conical surface, a cylindrical surface, or an extensible surface.

Aspects (17) of the present disclosure pertain to the glass article of aspect (16), wherein the first major surface comprises a first major surface CS value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, and the second major surface comprises a second major surface CS value different from the first major surface CS value.

Aspect (18) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of aspect (16) or aspect (17), wherein at least a portion of the first major surface forms a concave surface and a convex surface is formed at an opposite portion of the second major surface.

Aspect (19) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (15) to (18), further comprising a display or touch panel disposed on the first or second major surface.

Aspect (20) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of aspect (19), further comprising an adhesive disposed between the first or second major surface and the display or touch panel.

Aspect (21) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (16) to (20), at least a portion of the first or second major surface comprising a radius of curvature in a range from about 20mm to about 10000 mm.

Aspect (22) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (21), wherein t is in the range of about 0.1mm to about 2 mm.

Aspect (23) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (1) to (22), wherein one or both of the first major surface and the second major surface comprises a surface treatment.

Aspect (24) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of aspect (23), wherein the surface treatment covers at least a portion of the first major surface and the second major surface.

Aspect (25) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of aspect (23) or aspect (24), wherein the surface treatment comprises any one of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

Aspects (26) of the present disclosure pertain to the glass article of aspect (25), wherein the surface treatment comprises at least two of any one of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflective surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

Aspects (27) of the present disclosure pertain to the glass article of aspect (26), wherein the first major surface comprises an anti-glare surface and the second major surface comprises an anti-reflection surface.

Aspects (28) of the present disclosure pertain to the glass article of aspect (26), wherein the first major surface comprises an anti-reflective surface and the second major surface comprises an anti-glare surface.

Aspects (29) of the present disclosure pertain to the glass article of aspect (26), wherein the first major surface comprises one or both of an anti-glare surface and an anti-reflection surface, and the second major surface comprises a decorative surface.

Aspects (30) of the present disclosure pertain to the glass article of aspect (26), wherein the decorative surface is disposed on at least a portion of the periphery, and the interior portion is substantially free of the decorative surface.

Aspect (31) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (26) to (30), wherein the decorative surface comprises any one of a wood grain design, a metal hairline design, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo.

Aspect (32) of the present disclosure pertains to the glass article of any one of aspects (26) to (31), wherein the antiglare surface comprises an etched surface, and wherein the antireflective surface comprises a multilayer coating.

Aspect (33) pertains to an automotive interior system, comprising: a base; and a glass article disposed on the mount, wherein the glass article comprises a first major surface, a second major surface having a first radius of curvature of about 200mm or greater, a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface and defining a thickness (t), a Compressive Stress (CS) region having a surface compressive stress value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, and a Central Tension (CT) region having a maximum CT value of about 60MPa or less, wherein the CS region and the CT region define a stress profile along the thickness, wherein a portion of the CS region extends from the first major surface to a depth of compression (DOC); and wherein the deceleration of the striker is 120g (gravity) or less when the striker with a mass of 6.8kg strikes the first main surface with a striking speed of 5.35m/s to 6.69 m/s.

Aspect (34) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspect (33), wherein a deceleration of the striker is no greater than 80g for any 3ms interval during the impact time.

Aspect (35) relates to the automobile interior system of aspect (33) or aspect (34), wherein when the striker breaks the glass article, the glass article exhibits visibility after breakage.

Aspect (36) relates to the automobile interior system of any one of aspects (33) through (35), wherein the base is curved and has a radius of curvature within 10% of the first radius of curvature.

Aspect (37) relates to the automobile interior system of any one of aspects (33) to (35), wherein the base is flat.

Aspect (38) relates to the automobile interior system of any of aspects (33) through (37), wherein the portion of the CS region includes a peak region, a tail region, and a knee region between the peak region and the tail region, wherein all points of the stress profile in the peak region include tangents having slopes in a range of-200 MPa/micron to-15 MPa/micron, and all points in the tail region include tangents having slopes in a range of-3 MPa/micron to-0.01 MPa/micron.

Aspect (39) relates to the automobile interior system of any one of aspects (38), wherein the spike region comprises a CS value in a range of greater than 200MPa to about 1500 MPa.

Aspect (40) relates to the automobile interior system of aspect (38) or aspect (39), wherein the knee region comprises a CS value ranging from about 50MPa to about 200 MPa.

Aspect (41) relates to the automotive interior system of aspect (40), wherein the knee region extends from about 10 microns to about 50 microns from the first major surface.

Aspect (42) relates to the automotive interior system of any one of aspects (38) through (41), wherein the tail region extends from the substantially knee region to the DOC.

Aspect (43) relates to the automobile interior system of any one of aspects (38) to (42), wherein the DOC is up to about 0.25 t.

Aspect (44) relates to the automobile interior system of any of aspects (33) to (43), wherein the CT region has a maximum value (CT) of about 60MPa or less when the glass article is in a substantially flat configuration_flat) Wherein the glass article is in a curved configuration and comprises a CT region comprising a maximum (CT)_bend) And CT_bent/CT_flat<1.4.

Aspect (45) the vehicle interior system of aspect (44), wherein CT_bend、CT_flatAnd CT_bendAnd CT_flatIs smaller than the result of equations 52.029-42.032 ln (t).

Aspect (46) relates to the automobile interior system of any of aspects (33) to (45), wherein the glass article is in a cold-bend configuration and comprises a conical surface, a cylindrical surface, or an extensible surface.

Aspect (47) relates to the automotive interior system of aspect (46), wherein the first major surface comprises a first major surface CS value in a range of about 900MPa to about 1500MPa, and the second major surface comprises a second major surface CS value different from the first major surface CS value.

Aspect (48) relates to the automobile interior system of aspect (46) or aspect (47), wherein at least a portion of the first major surface forms a concave surface and an opposite portion of the second major surface forms a convex surface.

Aspect (49) the automobile interior system of any one of aspects (46) to (48), further comprising a display or touch panel disposed on the first or second major surface.

Aspect (50) the automobile interior system of aspect (49), further comprising an adhesive disposed between the first or second major surface and the display or touch panel.

Aspect (51) relates to the automobile interior system of any one of aspects (33) to (50), wherein t is in a range of about 0.1mm to about 2 mm.

Aspect (52) relates to the automobile interior system of any one of aspects (33) to (51), wherein one or both of the first major surface and the second major surface includes a surface treatment.

Aspect (53) relates to the automobile interior system of aspect (52), wherein the surface treatment covers at least a portion of the first major surface and the second major surface.

Aspect (54) relates to the automobile interior system of aspect (52) or aspect (53), wherein the surface treatment includes any one of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

Aspect (55) relates to the automobile interior system of aspect (54), wherein the surface treatment includes at least two of any one of an easy-to-clean surface, an anti-glare surface, an anti-reflection surface, a tactile surface, and a decorative surface.

Aspect (56) relates to the automobile interior system of aspect (55), wherein the first major surface comprises an anti-glare surface and the second major surface comprises an anti-reflection surface.

Aspect (57) relates to the automobile interior system of aspect (55), wherein the first major surface comprises an anti-reflective surface and the second major surface comprises an anti-glare surface.

Aspect (58) relates to the automobile interior system of aspect (55), wherein the first major surface includes one or both of an anti-glare surface and an anti-reflection surface, and the second major surface includes a decorative surface.

Aspect (59) relates to the vehicle interior system of aspect (55), wherein the decorative surface is disposed on at least a portion of the perimeter, and the interior portion is substantially free of the decorative surface.

Aspect (60) relates to the automobile interior system of any one of aspects (55) to (59), wherein the decorative surface includes any one of a wood grain design, a metal hairline design, a graphic design, a portrait, and a logo.

Aspect (61) relates to the automobile interior system of any one of aspects (55) to (60), wherein the anti-glare surface comprises an etched surface, and wherein the anti-reflective surface comprises a multi-layer coating.

Aspect (62) pertains to a method of forming a glass article comprising the steps of: strengthening a glass sheet having a first major surface, a second major surface, and a minor surface connecting the first major surface and the second major surface to define a thickness (t) to provide a first strengthened glass article having a first Compressive Stress (CS) region and a first Central Tension (CT) region, the first CS region having a CS in a range from about 600MPa to about 800 MPa; and strengthening the first strengthened glass article to provide a glass article comprising a final CS region comprising a surface CS value in a range from about 900MPa to about 1500MPa and a final CT stress region having a maximum CT value of about 60MPa or less.

Aspect (63) relates to the method of aspect (62), wherein the step of strengthening the glass sheet comprises the steps of: chemically strengthening the glass sheet.

Aspect (64) relates to the method of aspect (63), wherein the step of chemically strengthening the glass sheet comprises the steps of: immersing the glass sheet in KNO at a temperature in a range of about 310 ℃ to about 450 ℃₃、NaNO₃Or KNO₃And NaNO₃For about 2 hours to about 40 hours in the molten salt bath of the combination of (a).

Aspect (65) relates to the method of aspect (62), wherein the step of strengthening the glass sheet comprises the steps of: the glass sheet is heat strengthened.

Aspect (66) relates to the method of any one of aspects (62) to (65), wherein the step of strengthening the first strengthened glass article comprises the steps of: a chemically strengthened glass article.

Aspect (67) relates to the method of aspect (66), wherein the step of chemically strengthening the glass article comprises the steps of: immersing the glass sheet in KNO at a temperature in a range of about 310 ℃ to about 450 ℃₃、NaNO₃Or KNO₃And NaNO₃For about 2 hours to about 40 hours in the molten salt bath of the combination of (a).

Aspect (68) pertains to a method for forming an automotive interior system, the method comprising the steps of: securing a display or touch panel to a cold-formed glass article to provide a module, wherein the glass article comprises a glass article according to any one of claims 1 to 61; and securing the module to a base of an automotive interior system.

Aspect (69) relates to the method of aspect (68), wherein the step of securing the display or touch panel to the cold-bent glass article comprises the steps of: the glass article is cold bent prior to securing the display or touch panel to the cold bent glass article.

Aspect (70) relates to the method of aspect (69), wherein the step of securing the display or touch panel to the cold-bent glass article comprises the steps of: the cold bending of the glass article occurs in synchronization with the securing of the display or touch panel to the cold bent glass article.

Aspect (71) relates to the method of any one of aspects (68) to (70), wherein a portion of the first major surface of the cold-formed article comprises a concave surface and an opposite portion of the second major surface comprises a convex surface.

Aspect (72) the method of aspect (71), further comprising the steps of: a display or touch panel is secured to the first major surface.

Aspect (73) the method of aspect (71), further comprising the steps of: a display or touch panel is secured to the second major surface.

Aspect (74) relates to the method of any one of aspects (68) to (73), further comprising the steps of: an adhesive layer is disposed between the cold-bent glass article and the display or touch panel.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.