阅读说明：本技术 电子束冷床熔炼钛或钛合金方坯的方法 (Method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billet by electron beam cold bed ) 是由 王凯 韩从贵 柳启斌 李勇 刘兴铭 朱晓龙 于 2020-10-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种电子束冷床熔炼钛或钛合金方坯的方法,其特征在于包括下列步骤：(1)凝壳预热、(2)第一阶段做头、(3)第二阶段做头、(4)第三阶段做头、(5)熔炼、(6)结束。实现了电子束冷床熔炼EB炉一炉就能同时熔铸三150mm的钛或钛合金方坯,显著改善了方坯的表面质量,提高了成材率。(The invention provides a method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billets by using an electron beam cold bed, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) preheating a skull, (2) performing head making in a first stage, (3) performing head making in a second stage, (4) performing head making in a third stage, (5) smelting, and (6) finishing. The method realizes that three 150mm titanium or titanium alloy square billets can be simultaneously cast in one electron beam cold bed melting EB furnace, obviously improves the surface quality of the square billets and improves the yield.)

1. A method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billets by using an electron beam cold bed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preheating a condensed shell, melting the condensed shell in a cooling bed through an electron beam emitted by a No. 1-5 EB electron beam gun arranged on the cooling bed, wherein the starting sequence of the No. 1-5 EB gun is as follows: EB gun No. 5 → EB gun No. 4 → EB gun No. 3 → EB gun No. 2 → EB gun No. 1, wherein: the current of No. 1-4 EB gun is 3 plus or minus 1.5A, the current of No. 5 EB gun is 2 plus or minus 0.5A, the voltage of No. 1-5 EB gun is 30KV, the lump material in the cooling bed is melted, and the molten metal liquid is fully distributed on the whole cooling bed;

(2) the first stage is used as a head, the voltage of the No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns arranged on the cooling bed is adjusted to be 30KV, the scanning pattern of the No. 6 EB gun is adjusted to be P6, the No. 1 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 2 scanning pattern, and the No. 2 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 1 scanning pattern; adjusting the scanning pattern of the No. 7 EB gun to be P6, covering the position of the No. 3 spindle head by using a P6 phi 2 scanning pattern, and covering the whole crystallizer by using a P6 phi 1 scanning pattern or covering the position of the No. 2 spindle head and the position of the No. 3 spindle head for energy supplement; adjusting the phi 1 and phi 2 scanning pattern frequencies of No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns to be consistent, controlling the head making current to be 1.5 +/-1A, melting the dummy bar and the sponge titanium laid around the dummy bar into liquid, cooling for 40min, pulling down for 20mm, and finishing the head making in the first stage;

(3) the second stage is used as a head, synchronously preheating the position of the No. 1 to No. 3 spindle head to molten liquid, putting the molten liquid in a cooling bed into a crystallizer, simultaneously switching the No. 7 EB gun scanning pattern to P1 phi 1, covering the scanning pattern into the whole crystallizer, and adjusting the current to 3 +/-2A; enlarging the P6 phi 1 and P6 phi 2 scanning patterns of the No. 6 EB gun, respectively taking the center line of an overflow port as a dividing point, and covering the whole crystallizer by adopting a left-right butt joint mode to finish the second stage head making;

(4) the third stage is used as a head, when the ingot head positions of No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 are filled with molten titanium and a crystallizer condensation clapboard is covered, the third stage is used as a head, and the cooling is carried out for 30 min;

(5) smelting, namely pushing titanium or titanium alloy material to smelt while covering the whole crystallizer by using the scanning pattern same as that in the step (3), so that the smelting rate is matched with the speed of pushing the titanium or titanium alloy material, controlling the currents of No. 1-4 EB guns to be 4 +/-1.5A, No. 5 EB guns to be 4.5 +/-0.3A and No. 6-7 EB guns to be 3 +/-0.5A, smelting and pulling ingots at the speed of 100-300mm/h when the molten titanium or titanium alloy liquid fills the position of No. 1-3 ingot heads and overflows a condensation partition plate, and controlling the stepping speed of the pulling ingots to be 7 +/-1 mm;

(6) after smelting is finished, cleaning a cooling bed by using an EB gun No. 1-5, and then closing a power supply; and E, cleaning and scanning overflow ports and transverse partition areas of the crystallizer by No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns, pulling ingots to be below a square area of the crystallizer after scanning, and cooling for 5 hours to obtain titanium or titanium alloy square billets.

2. The method for melting a titanium or titanium alloy billet by an electron beam cold hearth according to claim 1, wherein when a flow interruption phenomenon occurs for 3min or more during the melting in the step (5), the scanning pattern of the No. 5 EB gun is adjusted to be P2, and after titanium or titanium alloy liquid is accumulated in the cold hearth, the scanning pattern of the No. 5 EB gun is switched to be P3, thereby protecting an overflow port from being damaged by long-term electron beam scanning.

3. The method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billets by using electron beam cold bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the smelting process in the step (5), the raw materials are smelted by using EB guns No. 2 and No. 4, and EB guns No. 1 and No. 3 scan the area of the cold bed by using a scanning pattern P3 to maintain the liquidity of the liquid in the cold bed.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for smelting a titanium or titanium alloy square billet, in particular to a method for smelting the titanium or titanium alloy square billet by using an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace, and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy.

Background

The electron beam cold bed smelting furnace is widely applied to casting of metal square billets, adapts to an EB gun scanning pattern mode of the electron beam cold bed furnace by installing a multi-stream 150mm square billet crystallizer, and improves the casting production efficiency. However, the prior art is difficult to guarantee quality and quantity and complete production, so that the prior art needs to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to smoothly realize quality guarantee and guarantee production of 150mm square billets with three ingots in one furnace, an EB furnace is used for smoothly producing multi-flow 150mm square billets, the yield of titanium ingots is improved, the surface quality is improved, and the production cost is reduced, the invention provides a method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billets by using an electron beam cold bed.

The invention is completed by the following technical scheme: a method for smelting titanium or titanium alloy square billets by using an electron beam cold bed is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preheating a condensed shell, melting the condensed shell in a cooling bed through an electron beam emitted by a No. 1-5 EB electron beam gun arranged on the cooling bed, wherein the starting sequence of the No. 1-5 EB gun is as follows: EB gun No. 5 → EB gun No. 4 → EB gun No. 3 → EB gun No. 2 → EB gun No. 1, wherein: the current of No. 1 EB gun, No. 2 EB gun, No. 3 EB gun and No. 4 EB gun is 3 plus or minus 1.5A, the current of No. 5 EB gun is 2 plus or minus 0.5A, the voltage of No. 1-5 EB gun is 30KV, the lump material in the cooling bed is melted, and the whole cooling bed is covered with the molten metal liquid;

(2) the first stage is used as a head, the voltage of the No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns arranged on the cooling bed is adjusted to be 30KV, the scanning pattern of the No. 6 EB gun is adjusted to be P6, the No. 1 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 2 scanning pattern, and the No. 2 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 1 scanning pattern; adjusting the scanning pattern of the No. 7 EB gun to be P6, covering the position of the No. 3 spindle head by using a P6 phi 2 scanning pattern, and covering the whole crystallizer by using a P6 phi 1 scanning pattern or covering the position of the No. 2 spindle head and the position of the No. 3 spindle head for energy supplement; adjusting the phi 1 and phi 2 scanning pattern frequencies of No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns to be consistent, controlling the head making current to be 1.5 +/-1A, melting the dummy bar and the sponge titanium laid around the dummy bar into liquid, cooling for 40min, pulling down for 20mm, and finishing the head making in the first stage;

(3) the second stage is used as a head, synchronously preheating the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 ingot head positions to molten liquid, putting the molten liquid in a cooling bed into a crystallizer, simultaneously switching the No. 7 EB gun scanning pattern to P1 phi 1, covering the scanning pattern into the whole crystallizer, and adjusting the current to 3A +/-2A; enlarging the P6 phi 1 and P6 phi 2 scanning patterns of the No. 6 EB gun, respectively taking the center line of an overflow port as a dividing point, and covering the whole crystallizer by adopting a left-right butt joint mode to finish the second stage head making;

(4) the third stage is used as a head, when the ingot head positions of No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 are filled with molten titanium and a crystallizer condensation clapboard is covered, the third stage is used as a head, and the cooling is carried out for 30 min;

(5) smelting, namely pushing titanium or titanium alloy material to smelt while covering the whole crystallizer by using the same scanning pattern as the step (3), so that the smelting rate is matched with the speed of pushing the titanium or titanium alloy material, controlling the currents of No. 1-4 EB guns to be 4 +/-1.5A, No. 5 EB guns to be 4.5 +/-0.3A and No. 6-7 EB guns to be 3 +/-0.5A, smelting and pulling ingots at the speed of 100-300mm/h when the molten titanium or titanium alloy liquid fills the positions of No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 ingot heads and overflows a condensation partition plate, and controlling the stepping speed of the pulling ingots to be 7 +/-1 mm;

(6) after smelting is finished, cleaning a cooling bed by using an EB gun No. 1-5, and then closing a power supply; and E, cleaning and scanning overflow ports and transverse partition areas of the crystallizer by No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns, pulling ingots to be below a square area of the crystallizer after scanning, and cooling for 5 hours to obtain titanium or titanium alloy square billets.

In the smelting process in the step (5), when the flow breaking phenomenon occurs for more than 3min, the scanning pattern of the No. 5 EB gun is adjusted to be P2, and after titanium or titanium alloy liquid is accumulated in a cooling bed, the scanning pattern of the No. 5 EB gun is switched to be P3, so that an overflow port is protected from being damaged due to long-term electron beam scanning.

In the smelting process of the step (5), the raw materials are smelted by using No. 2 and No. 4 EB guns, and the No. 1 and No. 3 EB guns scan the area of the cooling bed by using a scanning pattern P3 to keep the liquidity of the liquid in the cooling bed.

The electron beam cooling bed EB furnace is conventional equipment.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting the scheme, three 150mm titanium or titanium alloy square billets can be simultaneously cast in one electron beam cold bed melting EB furnace, the surface quality of the square billets is obviously improved, and the yield is improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

Example 1

A method for smelting a titanium or titanium alloy square billet comprises the following steps:

(1) preheating a condensed shell, melting the condensed shell in a cooling bed through an electron beam emitted by a No. 1-5 EB electron beam gun arranged on the cooling bed, wherein the starting sequence of the No. 1-5 EB gun is as follows: EB gun No. 5 → EB gun No. 4 → EB gun No. 3 → EB gun No. 2 → EB gun No. 1, wherein: the current of No. 1-4 EB gun is 1.5A, the current of No. 5 EB gun is 1.5A, the voltage of No. 1-5 EB gun is 30KV, the lump material in the cooling bed is melted, and the whole cooling bed is covered with the molten metal liquid;

(2) the first stage is used as a head, the voltage of the No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns arranged on the cooling bed is adjusted to be 30KV, the scanning pattern of the No. 6 EB gun is adjusted to be P6, the No. 1 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 2 scanning pattern, and the No. 2 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 1 scanning pattern; adjusting the scanning pattern of the No. 7 EB gun to be P6, covering the position of the No. 3 spindle head by using a P6 phi 2 scanning pattern, and covering the whole crystallizer by using a P6 phi 1 scanning pattern or covering the position of the No. 2 spindle head and the position of the No. 3 spindle head for energy supplement; adjusting the phi 1 and phi 2 scanning pattern frequencies of No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns to be consistent, controlling the head making current to be 0.51A, melting the dummy bar and the sponge titanium laid around the dummy bar into liquid, cooling for 40min, pulling down for 20mm, and finishing the head making in the first stage;

(3) the second stage is used as a head, synchronously preheating the No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 ingot head positions to molten liquid, putting the molten liquid in a cooling bed into a crystallizer, simultaneously switching the No. 7 EB gun scanning pattern to P1 phi 1, covering the scanning pattern into the whole crystallizer, and adjusting the current to 1A; enlarging the P6 phi 1 and P6 phi 2 scanning patterns of the No. 6 EB gun, respectively taking the center line of an overflow port as a dividing point, and covering the whole crystallizer by adopting a left-right butt joint mode to finish the second stage head making;

(4) the third stage is used as a head, when the ingot head positions of No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 are filled with molten titanium and a crystallizer condensation clapboard is covered, the third stage is used as a head, and the cooling is carried out for 30 min;

(5) smelting, namely pushing titanium or a titanium alloy material to smelt while covering the whole crystallizer by adopting a scanning pattern which is the same as that in the step (3), so that the smelting rate is matched with the speed of pushing the titanium or the titanium alloy material, controlling the current of No. 1-4 EB gun to be 2.5A, the current of No. 5 EB gun to be 4.2A and the current of No. 6-7 EB gun to be 2.5A, smelting and pulling ingots at the speed of 100mm/h when molten titanium or titanium alloy liquid fills the position of No. 1-3 ingot heads and overflows a condensation clapboard, and controlling the stepping speed of the pulling ingots to be 6 mm; because the smelting process has a cutoff phenomenon of more than 3min, the scanning pattern of the No. 5 EB gun is adjusted to P2, after titanium liquid is accumulated in a cooling bed, the scanning pattern of the No. 5 EB gun is switched to P3, and an overflow port is protected from being damaged due to long-term electron beam scanning; in the casting process, the raw materials are melted by using No. 2 and No. 4 EB guns, the No. 1 and No. 3 EB guns scan the area of the cooling bed by using a scanning pattern P3, and the liquidity of liquid in the cooling bed is kept to finish the smelting;

(6) after smelting is finished, cleaning a cooling bed by using No. 1-No. 5 EB guns, and then closing a power supply; and E, cleaning and scanning overflow ports and transverse partition areas of the crystallizer by No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns, pulling ingots to be below a square area of the crystallizer after scanning, and cooling for 5 hours to obtain titanium or titanium alloy square billets.

Example 2

A method for smelting a titanium or titanium alloy square billet comprises the following steps:

(1) preheating a condensed shell, melting the condensed shell in a cooling bed through an electron beam emitted by a No. 1-5 EB electron beam gun arranged on the cooling bed, wherein the starting sequence of the No. 1-5 EB gun is as follows: EB gun No. 5 → EB gun No. 4 → EB gun No. 3 → EB gun No. 2 → EB gun No. 1, wherein: the current of No. 1-4 EB gun is 2.5A, the current of No. 5 EB gun is 2A, the voltage of No. 1-5 EB gun is 30KV, the lump material in the cooling bed is melted, and the whole cooling bed is covered with the molten metal liquid;

(2) the first stage is used as a head, the voltage of the No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns arranged on the cooling bed is adjusted to be 30KV, the scanning pattern of the No. 6 EB gun is adjusted to be P6, the No. 1 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 2 pattern, and the No. 2 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 1 pattern; adjusting the scanning pattern of the No. 7 EB gun to be P6, covering the No. 3 spindle head position by a P6 phi 2 pattern, and covering the No. 2 spindle head position and the No. 3 spindle head position by a P6 phi 1 pattern for energy supplement; adjusting the phi 1 and phi 2 scanning pattern frequencies of No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns to be consistent, controlling the head making current to be 2.5A, melting the dummy bar and the sponge titanium laid around the dummy bar until the liquid is molten, cooling for 40min, pulling down for 20mm, and finishing the head making in the first stage;

(3) the second stage is used as a head, after the position of the No. 1-3 spindle head is synchronously preheated to a molten state, molten liquid in a cooling bed is put into a crystallizer, meanwhile, the No. 7 EB gun pattern is switched to P1 phi 1, a scanning pattern covers the whole crystallizer, and the current is adjusted to 4A; enlarging the P6 phi 1 and P6 phi 2 graphs of the No. 6 EB gun, respectively taking the center line of an overflow port as a dividing point, and covering the whole crystallizer by adopting a left-right butt joint mode to finish the second stage of head making;

(4) a third stage of head making is completed, when the molten titanium liquid is filled in three ingot head positions and covers a crystallizer condensation clapboard, the third stage of head making is completed, and cooling is carried out for 30 min;

(5) smelting, namely pushing a titanium or titanium alloy material for smelting while covering the whole crystallizer by adopting the scanning pattern same as that in the step (3), so that the smelting rate is matched with the speed of pushing the titanium or titanium alloy material, and controlling the current of the No. 1-4 EB gun to be 3.5A, the current of the No. 5 EB gun to be 4.5A and the current of the No. 6-7 EB gun to be 3A; when molten titanium or titanium alloy liquid fills the position of the No. 1-3 ingot head and flows over a condensation clapboard, smelting and pulling ingots at the speed of 200mm/h, and controlling the stepping speed of the pulling ingots to be 7 mm; in the casting process, the raw materials are melted by using No. 2 and No. 4 EB guns, the No. 1 and No. 3 EB guns scan the area of the cooling bed by using a scanning pattern P3, and the liquidity of liquid in the cooling bed is kept to finish the smelting;

(6) after smelting is finished, cleaning a cooling bed by No. 1-No. 5 EB guns, and then closing a power supply; and E, cleaning and scanning overflow ports and crystallizer transverse partition areas by No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns, pulling ingots to be below a square area of the crystallizer after scanning is finished, and cooling for 5 hours to obtain titanium or titanium alloy square billets.

Example 3

A method for smelting a titanium or titanium alloy square billet comprises the following steps:

(1) preheating a condensed shell, melting the condensed shell in a cooling bed through an electron beam emitted by a No. 1-5 EB electron beam gun arranged on the cooling bed, wherein the starting sequence of the No. 1-5 EB gun is as follows: EB gun No. 5 → EB gun No. 4 → EB gun No. 3 → EB gun No. 2 → EB gun No. 1, wherein: the current of No. 1-4 EB gun is 4.5A, the current of No. 5 EB gun is 2.5A, the voltage of No. 1-5 EB gun is 30KV, the lump material in the cooling bed is melted, and the whole cooling bed is covered with the molten metal liquid;

(2) the first stage is used as a head, the voltage of the No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns arranged on the cooling bed is adjusted to be 30KV, the scanning pattern of the No. 6 EB gun is adjusted to be P6, the No. 1 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 2 scanning pattern, and the No. 2 spindle head position is covered by the P6 phi 1 scanning pattern; adjusting the scanning pattern of the No. 7 EB gun to be P6, covering the position of the No. 3 spindle head by using a P6 phi 2 scanning pattern, and covering the whole crystallizer by using a P6 phi 1 scanning pattern to supplement energy; adjusting the phi 1 and phi 2 scanning pattern frequencies of No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns to be consistent, controlling the head making current to be 1.5 +/-1A, melting the dummy bar and the sponge titanium laid around the dummy bar until the liquid is molten, cooling for 40min, pulling down for 20mm, and finishing the head making in the first stage;

(3) the second stage is used as a head, synchronously preheating the position of the No. 1 to No. 3 spindle head to molten liquid, putting the molten liquid in a cooling bed into a crystallizer, simultaneously switching the No. 7 EB gun scanning pattern to P1 phi 1, enabling the scanning pattern to cover the whole crystallizer, and adjusting the current to 5A; enlarging the P6 phi 1 and P6 phi 2 scanning patterns of the No. 6 EB gun, respectively taking the center line of an overflow port as a dividing point, and covering the whole crystallizer by adopting a left-right butt joint mode to finish the second stage head making;

(4) a third stage of end making, namely when the molten titanium liquid is filled in the No. 1-3 ingot head position and covers a crystallizer condensation clapboard, finishing the end making in the third stage and cooling for 30 min;

(5) smelting, namely pushing a titanium or titanium alloy material for smelting while covering and scanning the whole crystallizer by adopting the same scanning pattern as the step (3), so that the smelting rate is matched with the speed of pushing the titanium or titanium alloy material, and controlling the current of No. 1-4 EB gun to be 5.5A, the current of No. 5 EB gun to be 4.8A and the current of No. 6-7 EB gun to be 3.5A; when molten titanium or titanium alloy liquid fills the position of the No. 1-3 ingot head and flows over the condensation partition plate, smelting and pulling ingots at the speed of 300mm/h, and controlling the stepping speed of the pulling ingots to be 8 mm; because the phenomenon of flow interruption occurs for more than 3min in the smelting process, the scanning graph of No. 5 EB gun is switched to P2, the scanning graph of No. 5 EB gun is switched to P3 after titanium liquid is accumulated in a cooling bed, and an overflow port is protected from being damaged due to long-term electron beam scanning; in the casting process, the raw materials are melted by using No. 2 and No. 4 EB guns, the No. 1 and No. 3 EB guns scan the area of the cooling bed by using a scanning pattern P3, and the liquidity of liquid in the cooling bed is kept to finish the smelting;

(6) after smelting is finished, cleaning a cooling bed by No. 1-No. 5 EB guns, and then closing a power supply; and E, cleaning and scanning overflow ports and crystallizer transverse partition areas by No. 6 and No. 7 EB guns, pulling ingots to be below a square area of the crystallizer after scanning is finished, and cooling for 5 hours to obtain titanium or titanium alloy square billets.