阅读说明：本技术 种子处理方法 (Seed treatment method ) 是由 A·达斯 S·T·古奇 M·辛格 于 2019-06-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种增加农业化学制剂中活性成分的浓度同时保持农业化学制剂的流动性的方法。本发明还提供通过所公开的方法制备的农业化学制剂和使用所述农业化学制剂处理的植物繁殖材料。(The present invention provides a method for increasing the concentration of an active ingredient in an agrochemical formulation while maintaining the fluidity of the agrochemical formulation. The invention also provides an agrochemical prepared by the disclosed method and plant propagation material treated with the agrochemical.)

1. A method of increasing the concentration of an active ingredient in an agrochemical formulation while maintaining the flowability of the agrochemical formulation, the method comprising:

i) mixing a portion of the active ingredient with a surfactant in water to prepare a mixture;

ii) grinding the mixture until the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to less than about 100 microns; and

iii) adding further active ingredient and optionally further surfactant to the mixture and repeating steps i) and ii).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein step iii) is performed and optionally repeated to continuously reduce the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture.

3. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein in step ii), the mixture is milled until the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to about 20 microns to about 80 microns.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein in step iii), the mixture is milled until the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to less than about 15 microns.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein in step iii), the mixture is milled until the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to about 1 micron to about 10 microns.

6. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the active ingredient has a density of about 1.0 to about 2.0 g/mL.

7. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the active ingredient has a melting point greater than about 50 ℃.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the active ingredient has a solubility in water of less than about 1000 mg/L.

9. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein milling is performed by fluid energy milling, ball milling, wet milling, media milling, high pressure homogenization, or cryogenic milling.

10. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein milling is performed using a media mill, a colloid mill, a planetary mill, a stirred ring mill, a stirred pin mill, a stone mill, a bead mill, or a perforated disc mill.

11. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein milling is performed in a mill set at a controlled temperature of about 1 ℃ to about 60 ℃.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the concentration of the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation is increased to more than 500 g/L.

13. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the viscosity of the agrochemical formulation is maintained below 2000 centipoise.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the viscosity of the agrochemical formulation is maintained at about 400 centipoise to about 1000 centipoise.

15. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the agrochemical is a seed treatment formulation.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the active ingredient is an insecticide selected from the group consisting of: abamectin, chlorantraniliprole, clothianidin, cyantraniliprole, ethiprole, fipronil, flubendiamide, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, methiocarb, spinetoram, spinosad, sulfoxaflor, tefluthrin, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam and thiodicarb.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the active ingredient is a fungicide selected from the group consisting of: azoxystrobin, beta-cyfluthrin, carbendazim, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, fenamidone, fluazinam, fludiionil, fluopyram, fluoxastrobin, fluquinconazole, ipconazole, iprodione, isotianil, metalaxyl-M, metominostrobin, pencycuron, penflufen, picarbtrazox, picoxystrobin, procymidone, propiconazole, prothioconazole, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, triadimenol and trifloxystrobin.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the active ingredient is fluopyram.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the active ingredient is a triazole fungicide or a strobilurin fungicide.

20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising determining the concentration of the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation after milling the mixture in step ii) and/or step iii).

21. The method of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant or an anionic surfactant.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is an alkoxylate surfactant or a polymeric surfactant.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein

The alkoxylate surfactant is an alcohol, alkylphenol, amine, amide, arylphenol, fatty acid, or fatty acid ester; and is

The alkoxylate surfactant is alkoxylated at 1 to 50 equivalents.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the polymeric surfactant is a block polymer of the a-B or a-B-a type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or a block polymer of the a-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.

25. The method of claim 22, wherein the polymeric surfactant is a poloxamer or an acrylic copolymer.

26. The method of claim 21, wherein the anionic surfactant is a sulfonate or carboxylate.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the sulfonate is lignosulfonate, sulfonate ester of condensed naphthalene, or a salt thereof.

28. The method of claim 26, wherein the carboxylate is an alkyl carboxylate, an alkylphenol ethoxylate, a polycarboxylic acid, or a carboxylated alcohol.

29. An agrochemical formulation prepared by the method of any one of the preceding claims.

30. The agricultural chemical formulation of claim 29, wherein the active ingredient is fluopyram.

31. Propagation material treated with an agrochemical formulation according to claim 29 or 30.

32. Propagation material as claimed in claim 31, wherein the propagation material is seed of maize, soybean, rice, cotton, sugar beet, oilseed rape, sorghum, oats, rye, barley, wheat, sunflowers or vegetables.

33. Propagation material as claimed in claim 32, wherein the propagation material is a soybean seed.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of highly concentrated flowable agrochemical formulations, the resulting formulations and plant propagation material treated with these formulations.

Background

Agricultural chemicals are usually provided to the end user in the form of a concentrate, which is then diluted for use. Adjuvants and agrochemical actives (active) can be added to the tank mix at dilution. Preferably, however, the adjuvant and active are included in a concentrate. When the agrochemical active ingredient is insoluble in water or only partially soluble in water, the concentrate containing the active is conveniently provided in the form of a Suspension Concentrate (SC) in which finely divided agrochemical solid particles are suspended in an aqueous formulation. Wetting agents and dispersants may also be included in the SC to wet and stabilize the solid particles. Thus, SC formulations may typically comprise a solid active, a surfactant, a density/viscosity modifier system, a freeze/thaw additive, a bactericide, a defoamer, and an aqueous diluent.

Importantly, under typical storage conditions, the solid particles remain suspended in the concentrate formulation without significant separation over an extended period of time. It is also important to prevent the formation of hard cake deposits on storage of the dispersed solid particles in the SC. Therefore, it is often desirable to incorporate a suspending agent or structurant into the suspension concentrate. For example, existing structurants for water-based SCs include polysaccharide gums, clays, cellulose, polyacrylates, and xanthan gums.

The presence of high loadings of agrochemical in SC formulations results in a reduction in water content, which presents major problems to formulators, including the challenge of maintaining SC formulations in a flowable form. The flowability of the formulation is particularly important for seed treatment formulations, which are typically applied to the seed using equipment that pumps the formulation.

Therefore, there is a need for a method of preparing agrochemical formulations having high concentrations of active ingredients without adversely affecting the viscosity of the finished product, and which enables the solid active ingredient to remain in suspension for a period of time for storage without breaking the suspension.

Disclosure of Invention

In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of increasing the concentration of an active ingredient in an agrochemical formulation while maintaining the flowability of the agrochemical formulation, the method comprising: i) mixing a portion of the active ingredient with a surfactant in water to prepare a mixture; ii) grinding the mixture until the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to less than about 100 microns; and iii) adding further active ingredient and optionally further surfactant to the mixture and repeating steps i) and ii).

In certain aspects, step iii) is performed and optionally repeated to continuously reduce the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture. In other aspects, in step ii), the mixture is milled until the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to about 20 microns to about 80 microns. In other aspects, in step iii), the mixture is milled until the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to less than about 15 microns. In one aspect, in step iii), the mixture is milled until the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to about 1 micron to about 10 microns.

In other embodiments, the density of the active ingredient is from about 1.0 to about 2.0 g/mL. In one aspect, the active ingredient has a melting point greater than about 50 ℃. In other embodiments, the active ingredient has a solubility in water of less than about 1000 mg/L.

In certain aspects, milling is performed by fluid energy milling (fluid energy milling), ball milling, wet milling, media milling, high pressure homogenization, or cryogenic milling. In one aspect, the milling is carried out using a media mill, a colloid mill, a planetary mill (planetary mill), a stirred ring mill, a stirred pin mill (pinned pin mill), a stone mill, a bead mill, or a perforated disc mill (perforated disc mill). In another aspect, the grinding is performed in a mill set at a controlled temperature of about 1 ℃ to about 60 ℃.

In some embodiments, the concentration of the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation is increased to greater than 500 g/L. In other embodiments, the viscosity of the agrochemical formulation is maintained below 2000 centipoise. In one aspect, the viscosity of the agrochemical formulation is maintained between about 400 centipoise to about 1000 centipoise.

In certain aspects, the agrochemical is a seed treatment formulation.

In some embodiments, the active ingredient is an insecticide selected from the group consisting of: abamectin (abamectin), chlorantraniliprole (chlorantraniliprole), clothianidin (clothianidin), cyantraniliprole (cyantraniliprole), ethiprole (ethiprole), fipronil (fipronil), flubendiamide (flubendiamide), flurbipyramide (flupyradifurone), imidacloprid (imidacloprid), methiocarb (methiocarb), spinetoram (spinetoram), spinosad (spinosad), sulfoxaflor (sulfoxaflor), tefluthrin (tefluthrin), thiacloprid (thiacloprid), thiamethoxam (thiamethoxam), and thiodicarb (thiodicarb).

In other embodiments, the active ingredient is a fungicide selected from the group consisting of: azoxystrobin (azoxystrobin), beta-cyfluthrin (beta-cyfluthrin), carbendazim (carbendazim), cyproconazole (cyproconazole), epoxiconazole (epoxyconazole), fenamidone (fenamidone), fluazinam (fluazinam), fluoroxil, fluopyram (fluopyram), fluoxastrobin (fluxastrobin), fluquinconazole (fluquinconazole), ipconazole (ipconazole), iprodione (iprodione), isothiavalicarb (isotianil), metalaxyl (metalaxyl), mefenoxam (metalaxyl), pencyron (pencyon), penfenpyrad (traflufen), fenpyrad (fenprox), prothioconazole (metalaxyl-M), metominostrobin (metiroxocarb), propiconazole (pencycuron), propiconazole (propiconazole), and propiconazole (propiconazole), propiconazole (propiconazole), and propiconazole (propiconazole), propiconazole (propiconazole), propi.

In one embodiment, the active ingredient is fluopyram. In another embodiment, the active ingredient is a triazole fungicide or strobilurin fungicide.

In certain aspects, the disclosed methods further comprise determining the concentration of the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation after milling the mixture in step ii) and/or step iii).

In other aspects, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant or an anionic surfactant. In one aspect, the nonionic surfactant is an alkoxylate surfactant or a polymeric surfactant. In one embodiment, the alkoxylate surfactant is an alcohol, alkylphenol, amine, amide, arylphenol, fatty acid, or fatty acid ester; and the alkoxylate surfactant is alkoxylated at 1 to 50 equivalents. In another embodiment, the polymeric surfactant is a block polymer of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or a block polymer of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.

In other aspects, the polymeric surfactant is a poloxamer (poloxamer) or an acrylic copolymer. In other aspects, the anionic surfactant is a sulfonate or carboxylate. In one embodiment, the sulfonate is a lignosulfonate, a sulfonate ester of a condensed naphthalene, or a salt thereof. In another embodiment, the carboxylate is an alkyl carboxylate, an alkylphenol ethoxylate, a polycarboxylic acid, or a carboxylated alcohol.

In some aspects, the present invention relates to an agrochemical prepared by the method disclosed herein. In one aspect, the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation is fluopyram.

In other embodiments, the present invention provides propagation material treated with the agrochemical formulations disclosed herein. In certain aspects, the propagation material is a seed of corn, soybean, rice, cotton, sugar beet, oilseed rape, sorghum, oat, rye, barley, wheat, sunflower or a vegetable. In one aspect, the propagation material is soybean seed.

Drawings

Figure 1 shows that the weight ratio of the active ingredient fluopyram to water of the seed treatment agrochemical is about 2: 1. Increasing this ratio to produce a higher concentration formulation, other active ingredients may be added to the seed treatment agrochemical formulation. However, as the ratio increases, the viscosity increases and the fluidity decreases.

Figure 2A shows the flowability of a concentrated formulation of fluopyram made without performing the processing steps disclosed herein. High levels of active ingredient significantly increase the viscosity of the formulation. Figure 2B shows the flowability of the concentrated formulation of fluopyram produced with the processing steps disclosed herein. This processing step maintains the fluidity of the formulation and maintains the viscosity of the formulation below 2000 centipoise.

Detailed Description

As used herein, the verb "to comprise" and its conjugations as used in this specification and claims is used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded. In addition, reference to an element by the indefinite article "a" or "an" does not exclude the possibility that more than one of the element is present, unless the context clearly requires that there be one and only one of the elements. Thus, the indefinite article "a" or "an" usually means "at least one".

Other than in the operating examples, or where otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated to the contrary, the numerical parameters set forth in the following specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention. At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.

Moreover, it should be understood that any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all sub-ranges subsumed therein. For example, a range of 1 to 10 is intended to include all sub-ranges between the recited minimum value of 1 and the recited maximum value of 10, and includes the recited minimum value of 1 and the recited maximum value of 10, i.e., having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1 and a maximum value of equal to or less than 10.

In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method comprising milling a mixture comprising an active ingredient and a surfactant. The grinding may be performed using a variety of techniques, including those described in Nakach et al, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 106(2017) 1889-.

In certain aspects, the apparatus used to perform the milling is a planetary mill, a stirred ring mill (e.g., a planetary mill, a stirred ring mill, etc.)01) Or pin-and-pin mills (e.g. pin mills)Or). In other aspects, the apparatus for grinding is a stone mill, a bead mill, a porous disc mill, or a colloid mill. In one aspect, the apparatus used to perform the grinding is an annular gap bead mill. In another aspect, the apparatus used to perform the grinding is a toothed colloid mill. In another aspect, the apparatus used to perform the grinding is a corundum stone mill.

The mill used to perform the methods disclosed herein can be horizontal (e.g., a horizontal media mill or a horizontal bead mill) or vertical (e.g., a vertical media mill or a vertical bead mill).

Various milling techniques can be used to mill the mixture comprising the active ingredient and the surfactant. These techniques include, but are not limited to, fluid energy milling, ball milling, wet milling, media milling, high pressure homogenization, and cryogenic milling. See Loh et al, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 10(2015) 255-274. Furthermore, shearing with milled surfaces of the rotor and stator in a colloid mill can be used to grind mixtures containing active ingredients and surfactants.

In some embodiments, the present invention relates to a method of increasing the concentration of an active ingredient in an agrochemical formulation while maintaining the flowability of the agrochemical formulation, the method comprising: i) mixing a portion of the active ingredient with a surfactant in water to prepare a mixture; ii) grinding the mixture until the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to less than about 100 microns; and iii) adding further active ingredient and optionally further surfactant to the mixture and repeating steps i) and ii).

The milling in step ii) and step iii) may be carried out using any of the milling techniques described above (e.g., fluid energy milling, ball milling, wet milling, media milling, high pressure homogenization, shearing with a colloid mill, and/or cryogenic milling). In one aspect, the milling in step ii) and step iii) is performed by shearing with a colloid mill and/or media milling.

In certain embodiments, step iii) is performed and optionally repeated to continuously reduce the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture. For example, in step ii), the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to less than about 100 microns, and in a first round of step iii), the particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is reduced to less than about 90 microns or less than about 80 microns. The particle size of the active ingredient in the mixture is then reduced to less than about 70 microns or less than about 60 microns in subsequent rounds of step iii).

In other embodiments, the milling is performed in a mill with a controlled temperature setting of about 1 ℃ to about 60 ℃, about 1 ℃ to about 55 ℃, about 1 ℃ to about 50 ℃, about 1 ℃ to about 45 ℃, about 1 ℃ to about 40 ℃, about 1 ℃ to about 35 ℃, about 1 ℃ to about 30 ℃, about 1 ℃ to about 25 ℃, or about 1 ℃ to about 20 ℃. In other embodiments, the milling is performed in a mill with a controlled temperature setting of about 5 ℃ to about 60 ℃, about 5 ℃ to about 55 ℃, about 5 ℃ to about 50 ℃, about 5 ℃ to about 45 ℃, about 5 ℃ to about 40 ℃, about 5 ℃ to about 35 ℃, about 5 ℃ to about 30 ℃, about 5 ℃ to about 25 ℃, or about 5 ℃ to about 20 ℃.

In certain aspects, a method of increasing the concentration of an active ingredient in an agrochemical formulation while maintaining the flowability of the agrochemical formulation includes mixing a portion of the active ingredient with a surfactant to prepare a mixture.

In some aspects, the active ingredient has a density of about 0.5 to about 2.5g/mL, about 0.5 to about 2.0g/mL, about 0.5 to about 1.5g/mL, about 0.75 to about 2.5g/mL, about 0.75 to about 2.0g/mL, about 0.75 to about 1.5g/mL, about 1.0 to about 2.5g/mL, about 1.0 to about 2.0g/mL, or about 1.0 to about 1.5 g/mL. In one aspect, the density of the active ingredient is from about 1.0 to about 2.0 g/mL.

In other aspects, the active ingredient has a melting point greater than about 50 ℃, greater than about 75 ℃, greater than about 100 ℃, greater than about 125 ℃, greater than about 150 ℃, or greater than about 175 ℃. In one aspect, the active ingredient has a melting point greater than about 50 ℃. In another aspect, the active ingredient has a melting point greater than about 100 ℃.

In other aspects, the melting point of the active ingredient is from about 50 ℃ to about 200 ℃, from about 50 ℃ to about 175 ℃, from about 50 ℃ to about 150 ℃, from about 75 ℃ to about 200 ℃, from about 75 ℃ to about 175 ℃, from about 75 ℃ to about 150 ℃, from about 100 ℃ to about 200 ℃, or from about 100 ℃ to about 175 ℃. In one aspect, the melting point of the active ingredient is from about 50 ℃ to about 200 ℃. In another aspect, the melting point of the active ingredient is from about 100 ℃ to about 200 ℃.

In certain embodiments, the solubility of the active ingredient in water is less than about 2000mg/L, less than about 1750mg/L, less than about 1500mg/L, less than about 1250mg/L, less than about 1000mg/L, less than about 750mg/L, less than about 500mg/L, less than about 250mg/L, or less than about 100 mg/L. In one embodiment, the active ingredient has a solubility in water of less than about 1000 mg/L. In another embodiment, the active ingredient has a solubility in water of less than about 100 mg/L.

In other embodiments, the solubility of the active ingredient in water is from about 0.01mg/L to about 2000mg/L, from about 0.01mg/L to about 1750mg/L, from about 0.01mg/L to about 1500mg/L, from about 0.01mg/L to about 1250mg/L, from about 0.01mg/L to about 1000mg/L, from about 0.01mg/L to about 750mg/L, from about 0.01mg/L to about 500mg/L, from about 0.01mg/L to about 250mg/L, or from about 0.01mg/L to about 100 mg/L. In one embodiment, the active ingredient has a solubility in water of about 0.01mg/L to about 1000 mg/L. In another embodiment, the active ingredient has a solubility in water of about 0.01mg/L to about 100 mg/L.

In certain embodiments, the disclosed methods increase the concentration of the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation to greater than 400g/L, greater than 450g/L, greater than 500g/L, greater than 550g/L, greater than 600g/L, greater than 650g/L, greater than 700g/L, greater than 750g/L, greater than 800g/L, or greater than 850 g/L. In one aspect, the disclosed method increases the concentration of the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation to greater than 500 g/L. In another aspect, the disclosed methods increase the concentration of the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation to greater than 600 g/L.

In other embodiments, the disclosed methods increase the concentration of the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation to about 400g/L to 900g/L, about 550g/L to 850g/L, or about 600g/L to 750 g/L.

In other embodiments, the viscosity of the agrochemical formulation remains less than 2000 centipoise, less than 1900 centipoise, less than 1800 centipoise, less than 1700 centipoise, less than 1600 centipoise, less than 1500 centipoise, less than 1400 centipoise, less than 1300 centipoise, less than 1200 centipoise, less than 1100 centipoise, less than 1000 centipoise, less than 900 centipoise, less than 800 centipoise, less than 700 centipoise, less than 600 centipoise, less than 500 centipoise, or less than 400 centipoise. In one aspect, the viscosity of the agrochemical formulation is maintained below 2000 centipoise. In another aspect, the viscosity of the agrochemical formulation is maintained below 1000 centipoise.

In certain aspects, the viscosity of the agrochemical formulation is maintained between about 400 centipoise to about 1500 centipoise, about 400 centipoise to about 1400 centipoise, about 400 centipoise to about 1300 centipoise, about 400 centipoise to about 1200 centipoise, about 400 centipoise to about 1100 centipoise, about 400 centipoise to about 1000 centipoise, about 400 centipoise to about 900 centipoise, about 400 centipoise to about 800 centipoise, about 400 centipoise to about 700 centipoise, or about 400 centipoise to about 600 centipoise.

In some embodiments, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, or an amphoteric surfactant.

Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-substituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants and mixtures thereof. Examples of alkoxylates are compounds which are alkoxylated in an amount of 1 to 50 equivalents, for example alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters. Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be used for the alkoxylation, ethylene oxide being preferred. Examples of N-substituted fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid alkanolamides. Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerides or monoglycerides. Examples of polymeric surfactants also include homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone, vinyl alcohol, or vinyl acetate. Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or block polymers of the A-B-C type comprising alkanols, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide. Examples of sugar-based surfactants are sorbitan, ethoxylated sorbitan, sucrose and glucose esters or alkyl polyglucosides.

In one aspect, the polymeric surfactant is a poloxamer. As used herein, a "poloxamer" is a nonionic triblock copolymer consisting of a polyoxypropylene (polypropylene oxide) central hydrophobic chain flanked by two polyoxyethylene (polyethylene oxide) hydrophilic chains. The poloxamer can be any of the following: poloxamer 101, Poloxamer 105, Poloxamer 108, Poloxamer 122, Poloxamer 123, Poloxamer 124, Poloxamer 181, Poloxamer 182, Poloxamer 183, Poloxamer 184, Poloxamer 185, Poloxamer 188, Poloxamer 212, Poloxamer 215, Poloxamer 217, Poloxamer 231, Poloxamer 234, Poloxamer 235, Poloxamer 237, Poloxamer 238, Poloxamer 282, Poloxamer 284, Poloxamer 288, Poloxamer 331, Poloxamer 333, Poloxamer 334, Poloxamer 335, Poloxamer 338, Poloxamer 401, Poloxamer 402, Poloxamer 403, Poloxamer 407, Poloxamer 105Benzoate and Poloxamer 182.

In another aspect, the polymeric surfactant is an acrylic copolymer solution. In one aspect, the acrylic copolymer solution is a polymethylmethacrylate-polyethylene glycol graft copolymer.

Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds having one or two hydrophobic groups or salts of long-chain primary amines.

Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignosulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols, sulfonates of condensed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecylbenzenes and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, sulfates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfates of alcohols, sulfates of ethoxylated alcohols or sulfates of fatty acid esters. An example of a phosphate is a phosphate ester. Examples of carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates and carboxylated alcohols or carboxylated alkylphenol ethoxylates.

In one aspect, the sulfonate is a sulfonate of condensed naphthalene or a salt thereof. In another aspect, the sulfonate is a Naphthalene Sulfonate Condensate (NSC) or salt thereof.

Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkyl betaines and imidazolines. Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybasic bases. Examples of polyacids are alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acids or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybasic bases are polyvinylamine (polyvinlyamine) or polyethyleneamine (polyethylenimine).

In some aspects, the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation is a fungicide. In certain aspects, the fungicide is a triazole fungicide. In one aspect, the triazole fungicide is selected from the group consisting of azaconazole (azaconazole), bitertanol (bitertanol), bromuconazole (bromanazole), cyproconazole, diclosonazole (diclosurazole), difenoconazole (difenoconazole), diniconazole (diniconazole-M), epoxiconazole (etaconazole), fenbuconazole (fenbuconazole), fluquinconazole, flusilazole (flusilazole), flutriafol (flutriazole), furconazole (furconazol-cis), hexaconazole (hexaconazole), imibenconazole (imadazole), ipconazole (metconazole), metconazole (metconazole), triadimenol (triadimenol), fentrazole (tetraconazole), fentrazole (fenconazole), fentrazole (fentrazole), fentrazole (tetraconazole, fentrazole), fentrazole (metconazole (tetraconazole), fentrazole (1- (1, fentrazole), fentrazole (tetraconazole, fentrazol (tetraconazole), fentrazol (tetraconazole, 1- (tetraconazole), fentrazol-tetraconazole, fentrazol), fentrazol-tetraconazole (tetraconazole, fentrazol), fentrazol (tetraconazole, 1- (1, fentra, 2, 4-triazol-1-yl) cycloheptanol.

In another aspect, the fungicide is a strobilurin fungicide. In one aspect, the triazole fungicide is selected from trifloxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, pyraclostrobin, enestroburin, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin, and mandestrobin.

The fungicide may be selected from any of the following:

1) ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, for example, (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenhexamid (fenhexamid), (1.005) fenpropidin (fenpropidine), (1.006) fenpropimorph (fenpropimorph), (1.007) fenpyrazamine (fenpyrazamine), (1.008) fluquinconazole, (1.009) flutriafol, (1.010) imazalil (imazalil), (1.011) imazalil sulfate (imazalil sulffane), (1.012) ipconazole, (1.013) metconazole, (1.014) metconazole, (1.015) paclobutrazol, (1.016) prochloraz (prochloraz), (1.017), (1.018) propiconazole, (1.018) prothioconazole, (1.019) pyrazalil, (1.0225) tetrachloraz (R-1.0235) fludioxonil (1.0225), (1.023) prochloraz (1.025) pyrim (1.0222), (1.025) prochloraz) (1.022-2) tetrachloraz (S-1.023) (1.0225) fludioxonil-2) (fludioxonil-2) -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) cyclopentanol, (1.027) (1S,2R,5R) -5- (4-chlorobenzyl) -2- (chloromethyl) -2-methyl-1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) cyclopentanol, (1.028) (2R) -2- (1-chlorocyclopropyl) -4- [ (1R) -2, 2-dichlorocyclopropyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol, (1.029) (2R) -2- (1-chlorocyclopropyl) -4- [ (1S) -2, 2-Dichlorocyclopropyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol, (1.030) (2R) -2- [4- (4-chlorophenoxy) -2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) -propan-2-ol, (1.031) (2S) -2- (1-chlorocyclopropyl) -4- [ (1R) -2, 2-dichlorocyclopropyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol, (1.032) (2S) -2- (1-chlorocyclopropyl) -4- [ (1S) -2, 2-dichlorocyclopropyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol, (1.033) (2S) -2- [4- (4-chlorophenoxy) -2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) propan-2-ol, (1.034) (R) - [3- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) -5- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) -1, 2-oxazol-4-yl ] (pyridin-3-yl) methanol, (1.035) (S) - [3- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) -5- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) -1, 2-oxazol-4-yl ] (pyridin-3-yl) methanol, (1.036) [3- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) -5- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) -1, 2-oxazol-4-yl ] (pyridin-3-yl) methanol, (1.037)1- ({ (2R,4S) -2- [ 2-chloro-4- (4-chlorophenoxy) phenyl ] -4-methyl-1, 3-dioxolan-2-yl } methyl) -1H-1,2, 4-triazole, (1.038)1- ({ (2S,4S) -2- [ 2-chloro-4- (4-chlorophenoxy) phenyl ] -4-methyl-1 3-dioxolan-2-yl } methyl) -1H-1,2, 4-triazole, (1.039)1- { [3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl } -1H-1,2, 4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.040)1- { [ rel (2R,3R) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl } -1H-1,2, 4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.041)1- { [ rel (2R,3S) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl } -1H-1,2, 4-triazol-5-yl thiocyanate, (1.042)2- [ (2R,4R,5R) -1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylhept-4-yl ] -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-thione, (1.043)2- [ (2R,4R,5S) -1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylhept-4-yl ] -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.044)2- [ (2R,4S,5R) -1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylhept-4-yl ] -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.045)2- [ (2R,4S,5S) -1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylhept-4-yl ] -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.046)2- [ (2S,4R,5R) -1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylhept-4-yl ] -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.047)2- [ (2S,4R,5S) -1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylhept-4-yl ] -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.048)2- [ (2S,4S,5R) -1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethyl-hept-4-yl ] -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.049)2- [ (2S,4S,5S) -1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylhept-4-yl ] -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.050)2- [1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -5-hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylhept-4-yl ] -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.051)2- [ 2-chloro-4- (2, 4-Dichlorophenoxy) phenyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) propan-2-ol, (1.052)2- [ 2-chloro-4- (4-chlorophenoxy) phenyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol, (1.053)2- [4- (4-chlorophenoxy) -2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) butan-2-ol, (1.054)2- [4- (4-chlorophenoxy) -2- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl ] -1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-yl) pent-2-ol, (1.055) chlorofluoromethoxyfen-azole (Mefentrifluconazole), (1.056)2- { [3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl } -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.057)2- { [ rel (2R,3R) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl } -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.8) 2- { [ rel (2R,3S) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl } -2, 4-dihydro-3H-1, 2, 4-triazole-3-thione, (1.059)5- (4-chlorobenzyl) -2- (chloromethyl) -2-methyl-1- (1H-1,2, 4-triazol-1-ylmethyl) cyclopentanol, (1.060)5- (allylthio) -1- { [3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl } -1H-1,2, 4-triazole, (1.061)5- (allylthio) -1- { [ rel (2R,3R) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl } -1H-1,2, 4-triazole, (1.062)5- (allylsulfanyl) -1- { [ rel (2R,3S) -3- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (2, 4-difluorophenyl) oxiran-2-yl ] methyl } -1H-1,2, 4-triazole, (1.063) N '- (2, 5-dimethyl-4- { [3- (1,1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethoxy) phenyl ] sulfanyl } phenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylmercamidine, (1.064) N' - (2, 5-dimethyl-4- { [3- (2,2, 2-trifluoroethoxy) phenyl ] thio } phenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylmerca-xamidine, (1.065) N ' - (2, 5-dimethyl-4- { [3- (2,2,3, 3-tetrafluoropropoxy) phenyl ] thio } phenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylmerca-xamidine, (1.066) N ' - (2, 5-dimethyl-4- { [3- (pentafluoroethoxy) -phenyl ] thio } phenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylmerca-xamidine, (1.067) N ' - (2, 5-dimethyl-4- {3- [ (1,1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethyl) thio ] phenoxy } phenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylmerca-idine Formamidine, (1.068) N '- (2, 5-dimethyl-4- {3- [ (2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) thio ] phenoxy } phenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylcarboxamidine, (1.069) N' - (2, 5-dimethyl-4- {3- [ (2,2,3, 3-tetrafluoropropyl) thio ] phenoxy } phenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylcarboxamidine, (1.070) N '- (2, 5-dimethyl-4- {3- [ (pentafluoroethyl) -thio ] phenoxy } phenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylcarboxamidine, (1.071) N' - (2, 5-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylcarboxamidine, (1.072) N '- (4- { [3- (difluoromethoxy) -phenyl ] thio } -2, 5-dimethylphenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylc-ecarboxamidine, (1.073) N' - (4- {3- [ (difluoromethyl) thio ] phenoxy } -2, 5-dimethylphenyl) -N-ethyl-N-methylc-midine, (1.074) N '- [ 5-bromo-6- (2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yloxy) -2-methylpyridin-3-yl ] -N-ethyl-N-methylc-ecarboxamidine, (1.075) N' - {4- [ (4, 5-dichloro-1, 3-Thiazol-2-yl) oxy ] -2, 5-dimethylphenyl } -N-ethyl-N-methylcarboxamidine, (1.076) N ' - { 5-bromo-6- [ (1R) -1- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) ethoxy ] -2-methylpyridin-3-yl } -N-ethyl-N-methylcarboxamidine, (1.077) N ' - { 5-bromo-6- [ (1S) -1- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) ethoxy ] -2-methylpyridin-3-yl } -N-ethyl-N-methylcarboxamidine, (1.078) N ' - { 5-bromo-6- [ (cis-4-isopropylcyclohexyl) oxy ] -2-methylpyridin-one- 3-yl } -N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamamidine, (1.079) N '- { 5-bromo-6- [ (trans-4-isopropylcyclohexyl) oxy ] -2-methylpyridin-3-yl } -N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamamidine, (1.080) N' - { 5-bromo-6- [1- (3, 5-difluorophenyl) ethoxy ] -2-methylpyridin-3-yl } -N-ethyl-N-methylcarbamamidine, (1.081) Ipfentrifluconazole.

2) Inhibitors of respiratory chain complex I or II, for example, the mixtures of (2.001) benzovindiflupyr (benzovindiflupyr), (2.002) bixafen (bixafen), (2.003) boscalid (boscalid), (2.004) carboxin (carboxin), (2.005) fluopyram, (2.006) flutolanilide (flutolanil), (2.007) fluxapyroxad, (2.008) furametpyr, (2.009) isotianil (isoferoamid), (2.010) naphthyridine (isopyram) (trans-epimer 1R,4S,9S), (2.011) naphthyridine (trans-epimer 1S,4R,9R), (2.010) naphthyridine (RS epimer 1,4, 9R), (2.011) naphthyridine (trans-epimer 1RS, 9RS, SR 4 RS, 9RS) and (SR 4 RS 9, 9RS) picromazine (SR 4 RS 1, 9RS) with cis-epimer, (2.014) isopyrazam (cis epimer 1R,4S,9R), (2.015) isopyrazam (cis epimer 1S,4R,9S), (2.016) isopyrazam (cis epimer 1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.017) penflufen, (2.018) penthiopyrad (thiopyrad), (2.019) pyrazoylhydroxylamine (pydiflumetofen), (2.020) pyraziflumumid, (2.021) sedaxane, (2.022)1, 3-dimethyl-N- (1,1, 3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.023)1, 3-dimethyl-N- [ (3R) -1,1, 3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl ] -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.024)1, 3-dimethyl-N- [ (3S) -1,1, 3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl ] -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.025) 1-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -N- [2' - (trifluoromethyl) biphenyl-2-yl ] -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.026) 2-fluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl) -N- (1,1, 3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl) benzamide, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, (2.027)3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-N- (1,1, 3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl) -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.028)3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-N- [ (3R) -1,1, 3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl ] -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.029)3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-N- [ (3S) -1,1, 3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl ] -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.030) Fluindachalamide (Fluindapyr), (2.031)3- (difluoromethyl) -N- [ (3R) -7-fluoro-1, 1, 3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl ] -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.032)3- (difluoromethyl) -N- [ (3S) -7-fluoro-1, 1, 3-trimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-yl ] -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.033)5, 8-difluoro-N- [2- (2-fluoro-4- { [4- (trifluoromethyl) pyridin-2-yl ] oxy } - Phenyl) ethyl ] quinazolin-4-amine, (2.034) N- (2-cyclopentyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.035) N- (2-tert-butyl-5-methylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.036) N- (2-tert-butylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.037) N- (5-chloro-2-ethylbenzyl) -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.038) isoflurypram, (2.039) N- [ (1R,4S) -9- (dichloromethylene) -1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-1, 4-methanonaphthalene (methanonaphthalen) -5-yl ] -3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.040) N- [ (1S,4R) -9- (dichloromethylene) -1,2,3, 4-tetrahydro-1, 4-methanonaphthalene-5-yl ] -3- (difluoromethyl) -1 -methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.041) N- [1- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -1-methoxyprop-2-yl ] -3- (difluoromethyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.042) N- [ 2-chloro-6- (trifluoromethyl) benzyl ] -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.043) N- [ 3-chloro-2-fluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl) benzyl ] -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole -4-carboxamide, (2.044) N- [ 5-chloro-2- (trifluoromethyl) benzyl ] -N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.045) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-N- [ 5-methyl-2- (trifluoromethyl) benzyl ] -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.046) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-N- (2-fluoro-6-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.047) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-N- (2-isopropyl-5-methylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.048) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carbothioamide, (2.049) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.050) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-N- (2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide -fluoro-2-isopropylbenzyl) -1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.051) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-4, 5-dimethylbenzyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.052) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.053) N-cyclopropyl-3- (difluoromethyl) -N- (2-ethyl-5-methylbenzyl) -5-fluoro-1-methylbenzyl -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.054) N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropyl-5-fluorobenzyl) -3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.055) N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropyl-5-methylbenzyl) -3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.056) N-cyclopropyl-N- (2-cyclopropylbenzyl) -3- (difluoromethyl) -5-fluoro-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.057) pyrapropofol.

3) Inhibitors of respiratory chain complex III, such as (3.001) ametoctradin (ametoctradin), (3.002) ametoctradin (amisulbactam), (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) toluxastrobin (coumethoxysorbin), (3.005) coumoxystrobin (coumoxystrobin), (3.006) cyazofamid (cyazofamid), (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoximes (enoxastrobin), (3.009) famoxadone (famoxadone), (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) fludioxonil (flufenoxystrobin), (3.012) fluoxastrobin, (3.013) kresoxim (kresoxim-methyl), (3.014) phenoxyfenamid, (3.015) fenpyrad (orystrobin), (3.016) oxypyrifos (ametoctradin), (3.3.016) ketoximes (kresoximes-2) ethyl [ (3.3.3.2) fenpyraclostrobin (fluoroximes) (3.2) fenpyraclostrobin (fluoroxystrobin), (3.11) fluxofenamido-3.11) flufenamido (3.3.3.11) flufenamido (flufenamido), (3.3.014) fluoxastrobin), (3.2) flufenamido-2) flufenamido (flufenamido ester (flufenamido) (3.2) flufenamido- ) Methyl ] phenyl } -2- (methoxyimino) -N-methylacetamide, (3.022) (2E,3Z) -5- { [1- (4-chlorophenyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl ] oxy } -2- (methoxyimino) -N, 3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, (3.023) (2R) -2- {2- [ (2, 5-dimethylphenoxy) methyl ] phenyl } -2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.024) (2S) -2- {2- [ (2, 5-dimethylphenoxy) methyl ] phenyl } -2-methoxy-N-methylacetamide, (3.025) (3S,6S,7R,8R) -8-benzyl-3- [ ({3- [ (isobutyryloxy) methoxy ] -4-methoxypyridin-2-yl } carbonyl) amino ] -6-methyl-4, 9-dioxo-1, 5-dioxononan-7-yl 2-methylpropionate, (3.026) mandestrobin, (3.027) N- (3-ethyl-3, 5, 5-trimethylcyclohexyl) -3-carboxamido-2-hydroxybenzamide, (3.028) (2E,3Z) -5- { [1- (4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl) -1H-pyrazol-3-yl ] oxy } -2- (methoxyimino) -N, 3-dimethylpent-3-enamide, methyl (3.029) {5- [3- (2, 4-dimethylphenyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] -2-methylbenzyl } carbamate, (3.030) metyltetrapole, (3.031) florylpicoxamide.

4) Inhibitors of mitosis and cell division, for example (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam (ethaboxam), (4.004) fluopicolide (fluopicolide), (4.005) pencycuron, (4.006) thiabendazole, (4.007) thiophanate-methyl, (4.008) zoxamide, (4.009) 3-chloro-4- (2, 6-difluorophenyl) -6-methyl-5-phenylpyridazine, (4.010) 3-chloro-5- (4-chlorophenyl) -4- (2, 6-difluorophenyl) -6-methylpyridazine, (4.011) 3-chloro-5- (6-chloropyridin-3-yl) -6-methyl-4- (2,4, 6-trifluorophenyl) pyridazine, (4.012)4- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2, 6-difluorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.013)4- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.014)4- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2-bromophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.015)4- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.016)4- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2-chlorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.017)4- (2-bromo-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2-fluorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.018)4- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2, 6-difluorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.019)4- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl) ) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.020)4- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2-chlorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.021)4- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) -N- (2-fluorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.022)4- (4-chlorophenyl) -5- (2, 6-difluorophenyl) -3, 6-dimethylpyridazine, (4.023) N- (2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl) -4- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.024) N- (2-bromophenyl) -4- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine, (4.025) N- (4-chloro-2, 6-difluorophenyl) -4- (2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) -1, 3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine.

5) Compounds capable of multidot action, such as (5.001) Bordeaux mix (Bordeaux mix), (5.002) captafol, (5.003) captan (captan), (5.004) chlorothalonil (chlorothalonil), (5.005) copper hydroxide, (5.006) copper naphthenate, (5.007) copper oxide, (5.008) copper oxychloride, (5.009) copper sulfate (2+), (5.010) dithianon (dithianon), (5.011) dodine (dodine), (567) folpet, (5.013) mancozeb (mancozeb), (5.014) maneb), (5.015) metiram, (5.016) metiram (metiram), (5.017) copper hydroxyquinoline (oxine-copper), (5.016) methyl propineb (28), (28) zinc disulfide (3623) and (3.4936) zinc disulfide (2-3) including calcium disulfide, 5.4936) zinc disulfide, 7-dioxo-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo [3',4':5,6] [1,4] dithiino [2,3-c ] [1,2] thiazole-3-carbonitrile.

6) Compounds which induce host defenses, for example (6.001) acibenzolar-S-methyl, (6.002) isotianil, (6.003) probenazole, (6.004) tiadinil.

7) Inhibitors of amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example (7.001) cyprodinil (cyprodinil), (7.002) kasugamycin (kasugamycin), (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline (oxytetracycline), (7.005) pyrimethanil, (7.006)3- (5-fluoro-3, 3,4, 4-tetramethyl-3, 4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl) quinoline.

8) Inhibitors of ATP production, for example (8.001) silthiopham (silthiofam).

9) Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis, for example (9.001) benthiavalicarb (benthiavalicarb), (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph (flumorph), (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid (maninparamide), (9.006) pyrimorph (pyrimorph), (9.007) pyrimethanil (valifenate), (9.008) (2E) -3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (2-chloropyridin-4-yl) -1- (morpholin-4-yl) prop-2-en-1-one, (9.009) (2Z) -3- (4-tert-butylphenyl) -3- (2-chloropyridin-4-yl) -1- (morpholin-4-yl) prop-2-en-1-one.

10) Inhibitors of lipid and membrane synthesis, for example (10.001) propamocarb (propamocarb), (10.002) propamocarb hydrochloride (propamocarb hydrochloride), (10.003) tolclofos-methyl.

11) Inhibitors of melanin biosynthesis, such as (11.001) tricyclazole, (11.002)2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl { 3-methyl-1- [ (4-methylbenzoyl) amino ] but-2-yl } carbamate.

12) Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesis, for example (12.001) benalaxyl (benalaxyl), (12.002) benalaxyl-M (benalaxyl-M) (miraxyl (kiralaxyl)), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).

13) Inhibitors of signal transduction, for example (13.001) fludioxonil (fludioxonil), (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) propoxymidine (proquinazid), (13.005) quinoxyfen (quinoxyfen), (13.006) vinclozolin (vinclozolin).

14) Compounds that can be used as uncouplers, such as (14.001) fluazinam, (14.002) meptyldinocap.

15) Other compounds, such as (15.001) Abscisic acid (Abscisic acid), (15.002) thiocyanobenzothioide (benthiazole), (15.003) betaxazine, (15.004) carbapenem (capsomycin), (15.005) carvone (carvone), (15.006) chlorfenapyr (chinomethionat), (15.007) thiabendazole (cufraneb), (15.008) cyflufenamid, (15.009) cyromazine (cyflufenamid), (15.010) cyclopropanesulfonamide (cysulfofamide), (15.011) fluvalinil, (15.012) fosetyl-aluminum (fosetyl-aliminium), (15.013) calcium fosetyl-calcium (fosetyl-calceium), (15.014) sodium fosetyl-sodium (fosetyl-sodium), (15.015) methyl isothiocyanate (cyazomycin 15.016), (369) nickel polychloride (368), (369) thiocyanine (fenpyraclostrobin (369), (368) thiocyanine (foscamycin), (369) thiocyanine (foscamycin (368) haloxyfenamide (thiocyanine (369), (15.023) oxyphenanthin, (15.024) pentachlorophenol and its salts, (15.025) phosphorous acid and its salts, (15.026) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.027) Methoxyphenzene cry bacterium (pyriofenone) (chlorofenacin (chlazafenone)), (15.028) isobutoxyquinoline (tebufloquin), (15.029) phyllototalam, (15.030) Tribenemide, (15.031)1- (4- {4- [ (5R) -5- (2, 6-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-3-yl ] -1, 3-thiazol-2-yl } piperidin-1-yl) -2- [ 5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] ethanone, (15.032)1- (4- {4- [ (5S) -5- (2, 6-difluorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-3-yl ] -1, 3-thiazol-2-yl } piperidin-1-yl) -2- [ 5-methyl-3- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] ethanone, (15.033)2- (6-benzylpyridin-2-yl) quinazoline, (15.034) dipyrmetitrone, (15.035)2- [3, 5-bis (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] -1- [4- (4- {5- [2- (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) phenyl ] -4, 5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-3-yl } -1, 3-thiazol-2-yl) -piperidin-1-yl ] ethanone, (15.036)2- [3, 5-bis (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] -1- [4- (4- {5- [ 2-chloro-6- (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) phenyl ] -4, 5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-3-yl } -1, 3-thiazol-2-yl) piperidin-1-yl ] ethanone, (15.037)2- [3, 5-bis (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] -1- [4- (4- {5- [ 2-fluoro-6- ] -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] -1- [4- (prop-2-yn-1-yloxy) phenyl ] -4, 5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-3-yl } -1, 3-thiazol-2-yl) piperidin-1-yl ] -ethanone, (15.038)2- [6- (3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl) -5-methylpyridin-2-yl ] quinazoline, (15.039)2- { (5R) -3- [2- (1- { [3, 5-bis (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] acetyl } piperidin-4-yl) -1, 3-thiazol-4-yl ] -4, 5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-5-yl } -3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.040)2- { (5S) -3- [2- (1- { [3, 5-bis (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] acetyl } piperidin-4-yl) -1, 3-thiazol-4-yl ] -4, 5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-5-yl } -3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.041) Iflufenoquin, (15.042)2- { 2-fluoro-6- [ (8-fluoro-2-methylquinolin-3-yl) oxy ] phenyl } propan-2-ol, (15.043)2- {3- [2- (1- { [3, 5-bis (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] acetyl } piperidin-4-yl) -1, 3-thiazol-4-yl ] -4, 5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-5-yl } -3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, (15.044)2- {3- [2- (1- { [3, 5-bis (difluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazol-1-yl ] acetyl } piperidin-4-yl) -1, 3-thiazol-4-yl ] -4, 5-dihydro-1, 2-oxazol-5-yl } phenylmethanesulfonate, (15.045) 2-phenylphenol and salts thereof, (15.046)3- (4,4, 5-trifluoro-3, 3-dimethyl-3, 4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl) quinoline, (15.047) quinofumelin, (15.048) 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2-ol (tautomeric form: 4-amino-5-fluoropyrimidin-2 (1H) -one), (15.049) 4-oxo-4- [ (2-phenylethyl) amino ] butanoic acid, (15.050) 5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.051) 5-chloro-N '-phenyl-N' - (prop-2-yn-1-yl) thiophene-2-sulfonylhydrazide, (15.052) 5-fluoro-2- [ (4-fluorobenzyl) oxy ] pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.053) 5-fluoro-2- [ (4-methylbenzyl) oxy ] -pyrimidin-4-amine, (15.054) 9-fluoro-2, 2-dimethyl-5- (quinolin-3-yl) -2, 3-dihydro-1, 4-benzooxazepine (benzoxazepine), (15.055) but-3-yn-1-yl {6- [ ({ [ (Z) - (1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) - (phenyl) methylidene ] amino } oxy) methyl ] pyridin-2-yl } carbamate, ethyl (15.056) (2Z) -3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylate, (15.057) phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, (15.058) propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, (15.059) quinolin-8-ol, (15.060) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1), (15.061) {6- [ ({ [ (1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) (phenyl) methylidene ] amino } oxy) methyl Pyridin-2-yl } -carbamic acid tert-butyl ester, (15.062) 5-fluoro-4-imino-3-methyl-1- [ (4-methylphenyl) sulfonyl ] -3, 4-dihydro-pyrimidin-2 (1H) -one, (15.063) aminopyrifen.

All of the above-mentioned type (1) to (15) hybrid compatibilizers (partner) may be present in the form of the free compounds and/or, if their functional groups permit, in the form of their agriculturally acceptable salts.

In other aspects, the active ingredient in the agrochemical formulation is an insecticide. The insecticide may be selected from any of the following:

(1) acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, such as carbamates, e.g. bendiocarb (alanycarb), aldicarb (aldicarb), bendiocarb (benfuracarb), benfuracarb (benfuracarb), butocarb (butocarboxin), butoxycarb (butoxycarb), carbaryl (baryl), carbofuran (carbofuran), carbosulfan (carbosulfan), ethiofencarb (ethiofencarb), fenobucarb (fenobucarb), varroate (formamidate), furathiocarb (furathiocarb), isoprocarb (isoprocarb), methiocarb, methomyl (methomyl), metolcarb (oxamyl), pirimicarb (pirimicarb), propoxur (proprocarb), thiocarb (methocarb), methiocarb (triazocarb), triazamate (triazocarb), and triazamate (triazamate); or organic phosphoric acid esters such as acephate (acephate), azamethiphos (azamethiphos), ethylthion (azinphos-ethyl), methylthiophos (azinphos-methyl), cadusafos (cadusafos), chlorophenoxyfos (chlorophenoxyfos), chlorfenvinphos (chlorophenvinphos), chlorfenvinphos (chlorophenoxyphos), chlorthion (chlorophenoxyphos), chlorpyrifos (chlorpyrifos-methyl), coumaphos (cophos), cyanophos (cyanophos), demeton-S-methyl), diazinon (diazinon), dichlorvos (dichlorvos)/DDVP, dicrotophos (dicrotophos), dimethoate (dimethofos), methofenphos (dimethion), ethiophos (ethiophos), thiophosphoryl (thiophosphoryl), thiophosphoryl (isopropyl thiophosphate (isopropyl), thiophosphoryl (isopropyl), thion (ethiophos), thion (ethion), thion (ethiophos (isopropyl), thiobenzofos (isopropyl, thiobenzothion (isopropyl, thiobenzofos), thiobenzothiobenzofos (isopropyl, thiobenzothion (isopropyl, thiobenzophos), thiobenzophos (isopropyl-methyl-S-methyl, thion-thion, isoxazolyl phosphine (isoxathion), malathion (malathion), triazophos (mecarbam), methamidophos (methamidophos), methidathion (methidathion), mepinylphos (mevinphos), monocrotophos (monocrotophos), naled (naled), omethoate (omethoate), oxydemethon-methyl (oxydemethon-methyl), parathion-methyl (parathion-methyl), phenthoate (phenthoate), phorate (phosphate), phosmet (phos), phosmet (phospho), phosphamide (phosphamidon), phoxim (phoxim), pirimiphos-methyl (pirimiphos-methyl), profenofos (profenofos), pyriproxyfen (propetamps), prothiochion (prothiofos), pyraclofos (pyraclofos), pyridaphenthion (pyridaphenthion), quinalphos (quinalphos), sulfotep (sulfotep), butylpyrimidine phos (terbipimfos), temephos (temephos), terbufos (terbufos), chlorfenphos (tetrachlovinphos), methasulfometon (thiometon), triazophos (triazophos), trichlorfon (trichlorfon), and aphicide (vamidothion).

(2) GABA-gated chloride channel blockers, for example cycloalkadiene organochlorines, such as chlordane (chlordane) and endosulfan (endosulfan), or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), such as ethiprole and fipronil.

(3) Sodium channel modulators, such as pyrethroids, e.g., bifenthrin (acrinathrin), allethrin (allethrin), d-cis-trans allethrin, d-trans allethrin, bifenthrin (bifenthrin), bioallethrin (bioallethrin), bioallethrin s-cyclopentenyl isomer, bioresmethrin (bioresmethrin), cycloprothrin (cycloprothrin), cyfluthrin (cyfluthrin), beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin (cyhalothrin), lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (cypermethrin), alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, delta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin [ (1R) -trans isomer ] (cyphenothrin [ (1R) -trans-isomer, deltamethrin (deltamethrin, deltamethrin ]), cyhalothrin (deltamethrin), Prallethrin [ (EZ) - (1R) -isomer ] (empenthrin [ (EZ) - (1R) -isomer ]), esfenvalerate (esfenvalenate), ethofenprox (etofenprox), fenpropathrin (fenproparin), fenvalerate (fenvalenate), flucythrinate (fluythrinate), flumethrin (fluethrin), tau-fluvalinate (tau-fluvalinate), benzoxyfen (halfenprox), imiprothrin (imisprothrin), kadethrin (kadethrin), momfluorothrin, permethrin, phenothrin [ (1R) -trans isomer ] (phenothrin [ (1R) -trans-isomer ], prallethrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrin), resmethrin (resmethrin), silaflufen (silaflufen), tefluthrin, tetramethrin (tetramethrin), tetramethrin [ (1R) -isomer ], tetrabromethrin (tetramethrin) and transfluthrin (transfluthrin) or dichlororhinorrhea (DDT) or methoxyrhinorrhea (methomycin).

(4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators, such as neonicotinoids (neonicotinoids), for example acetamiprid (acetamiprid), clothianidin, dinotefuran (dinotefuran), imidacloprid, nitenpyram (nitenpyram), thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, or nicotine (nicotinine), or sulfoxaflor, or flupirfenil, or fluridone.

(5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric modulators, such as spinosyns, e.g., spinetoram and spinosad.

(6) Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators, such as avermectins/milbemycins, for example, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, lepimectin (lepimectin), and milbemectin (milbemectin).

(7) Juvenile hormone mimics, such as juvenile hormone analogs, e.g. methoprene (hydroprene), methoprene (kinoprene) and methoprene (methoprene), or fenoxycarb (fenoxycarb), or pyriproxyfen (pyriproxyfen).

(8) Various non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, such as alkyl halides, e.g., methyl bromide and other alkyl halides; or chloropicrine or sulfuryl fluoride or borax or tartrazine or methyl isocyanate generators such as diazemet and metam (meta).

(9) Modulators of chordophor organs, for example pymetrozine or flonicamid.

(10) Mite growth inhibitors, such as clofentezine (cloventezine), hexythiazox (hexythiazox) and flutenzine (diflovidazin) or etoxazole (etoxazole).

(11) Insect gut membrane microbe disruptors, for example Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies walkingii (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenesmus (Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenuiebiae) and b.t. plant proteins: cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb, Cry34Ab1/35Ab 1.

(12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, for example ATP disruptors, such as diafenthiuron (diafenthiuron), or organotin compounds, such as azocyclotin (azocyclotin), cyhexatin (cyclohexadin) and fenbutatin oxide (fenbutin oxide), or propargite (propargite), or tetradifon (tetradifon).

(13) Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation by disruption of proton gradients, such as chlorfenapyr (chlorofenapyr), Dinitrocresol (DNOC), and flubendiamide (sulfluramid).

(14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers such as bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam and thiosultap-sodium.

(15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, for example bistrifluron (bistrifluron), chlorfluazuron (chlorfluazuron), diflubenzuron (diflubenzuron), flucyclourea (flucycloxuron), flufenoxuron (flufenoxuron), hexaflumuron (hexaflumuron), lufenuron (lufenuron), novaluron (novaluron), noviflumron (noviflumon), urea (tefluazuron) and triflumuron (triflumuron).

(16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, for example buprofezin (buprofezin).

(17) Molt disruptors (particularly for Diptera (Diptera), i.e. dipteran-like insects), for example cyromazine (cyromazine).

(18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, such as chromafenozide (chromafenozide), chlorfenozide (halofenozide), methoxyfenozide (methoxyfenozide), and tebufenozide (tebufenozide).

(19) Octopamine receptor agonists, such as amitraz.

(20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors such as hydramethylnone or acequinocyl or fluacrypyrim.

(21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, such as METI acaricides, for example fenazaquin (fenazaquin), fenpyroximate (fenpyroximate), pyriminofen (pyrimidifen), pyridaben (pyridaben), tebufenpyrad (tebufenpyrad), and tolfenpyrad (tolfenpyrad) or rotenone (rotenone).

(22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, such as indoxacarb (indoxacarb) or metaflumizone (metaflumizone).

(23) Inhibitors of acetyl-coa carboxylase, for example tetronic acid and tetramic acid derivatives, such as spirodiclofen (spirodiclofen), spiromesifen (spiromesifen) and spirotetramat (spirotetramat).

(24) Mitochondrial complexes IV electron transport inhibitors, for example phosphines, such as aluminum phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphines and zinc phosphide, or cyanides, such as calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.

(25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, such as β -ketonitrile derivatives, for example cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, and carboxanilides, for example pyflubiumide.

(28) Ryanodine (ryanodine) receptor modulators, such as diamides, e.g., chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, and flubendiamide.

Other active compounds, for example, dicyclopropyl (Afidopyropen), alfopram (Afoxolaner), Azadirachtin (Azadirachtin), Benclothiaz, fenpyroximate (Benzoximate), Bifenazate (Bifenazate), flubendiamide (Broflanilide), Bromopropylate (Bromopropyralate), mefenamic, d-chloropropethiofen (Chloroproloethrin), Cryolite (Cryolite), cyclic bromodiamide (Cycliniliprolide), Cycloxaprid (Cycloproparid), Cyhalodiamide (Cyhalodiamide), Dicloromethiaz, trichlorool (Dicofol), epsilon-methoxybenzylfluthrin (epsilon-Methylfluthrin), Flomfluthrin, triflumequinamide (Fluzatine), flufenacetone (flufenacetone), flufenacetone (flufenacet), flufenacet (flufenacet), flufenacet (flufenacet), flufenacet (flufenacet, flufenacet (flufenacetFipronil (Flufiprole), Fluhexafon, fluopyram, fradora (Fluralaner), fluxamide, carbofuran hydrazide (Fufenozide), Guadipyr (Guadipyr), Heptafluthrin (Heptafluthrin), Imidaclothiz (Imidaclothiz), Imidaclothiz (imidaclopriz), iprodione, kappa-bifenthrin, kappa-tefluthrin, lotilanide (Lotilaner), Meperfluthrin (Meperfluthrin), meperidine (Paichoding), Pyridalyl (Pyridalyl), fluquinquine (Pyrifluquinazon), Pyriminostrobin (Pyriminostrobin), spirodiclofen (Spobiluciclone), tefluthrin (tetrafluthrin), flucythromazine (terafelanilide), tetrachloropropiram (telioxim), thiopyrafluzine (trifloxystrobin), fluoroxyfen (fluoropyram), fluorofenoxyfen (fluoropyram), thioflufenaminofen (fluoropyrazine); furthermore, preparations based on Bacillus firmus (I-1582, BioNeem,) And the following compounds: 1- { 2-fluoro-4-methyl-5- [ (2,2, 2-trifluoroethyl) sulfinyl]Phenyl } -3- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-1,2, 4-triazol-5-amine (known from WO 2006/043635) (CAS 885026-50-6); {1' - [ (2E) -3- (4-chlorophenyl) prop-2-en-1-yl]-5-Fluorospiro [ indole-3, 4' -piperidine]-1(2H) -yl } (2-chloropyridin-4-yl) methanone (known from WO 2003/106457) (CAS 637360-23-7); 2-chloro-N- [2- {1- [ (2E) -3- (4-chlorophenyl) prop-2-en-1-yl]Piperidin-4-yl } -4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl]Isonicotinamide (known from WO 2006/003494) (CAS 872999-66-1); 3- (4-chloro-2, 6-dimethylphenyl) -4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1, 8-diazaspiro [4.5 ]]Dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2010/052161) (CAS 1225292-17-0); 3- (4-chloro-2, 6-dimethylphenyl) -8-methoxy-2-oxo-1, 8-diazaspiro [4.5 ]]Dec-3-en-4-yl ethyl carbonate (known from EP 2647626) (CAS 1440516-42-6); 4- (but-2-yn-1-yloxy) -6- (3, 5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl) -5-fluoropyrimidine (known from WO 2004/099160) (CAS 792914-58-0); PF1364 (known from JP 2010/018586) (CAS 1204776-60-2); n- [ (2E) -1- [ (6-chloropyridin-3-yl) methyl group]Pyridin-2 (1H) -ylidene]2,2, 2-trifluoroacetamide (known from WO 2012/029672) (CAS 1363400-41-2); (3E) -3- [1- [ (6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl group]-2-pyridylidene]-1,1, 1-trifluoropropan-2-one (known from WO 2013/144213) (CAS 1461743-15)-6); n- [3- (benzylcarbamoyl) -4-chlorophenyl]-1-methyl-3- (pentafluoroethyl) -4- (trifluoromethyl) -1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2010/051926) (CAS 1226889-14-0); 5-bromo-4-chloro-N- [ 4-chloro-2-methyl-6- (methylcarbamoyl) phenyl]-2- (3-chloro-2-pyridinyl) pyrazole-3-carboxamide (known from CN 103232431) (CAS 1449220-44-3); 4- [5- (3, 5-dichlorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-5- (trifluoromethyl) -3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N- (cis-1-oxo-3-thietanyl) -benzamide, 4- [5- (3, 5-dichlorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-5- (trifluoromethyl) -3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N- (trans-1-oxo-3-thietanyl) -benzamide and 4- [ (5S) -5- (3, 5-dichlorophenyl) -4, 5-dihydro-5- (trifluoromethyl) -3-isoxazolyl]-2-methyl-N- (cis-1-oxo-3-thietanyl) benzamide (known from WO 2013/050317 a 1) (CAS 1332628-83-7); n- [ 3-chloro-1- (3-pyridyl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3- [ (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) sulfinyl]-propionamide, (+) -N- [ 3-chloro-1- (3-pyridyl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3- [ (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) sulfinyl]-propionamide and (-) -N- [ 3-chloro-1- (3-pyridyl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3- [ (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) sulfinyl]Propionamide (known from WO 2013/162715A 2, WO 2013/162716A 2, US 2014/0213448A 1) (CAS 1477923-37-7); 5- [ [ (2E) -3-chloro-2-propen-1-yl]Amino group]-1- [2, 6-dichloro-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl]-4- [ (trifluoromethyl) sulfinyl group]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile (known from CN 101337937 a) (CAS 1105672-77-2); 3-bromo-N- [ 4-chloro-2-methyl-6- [ (methylamino) thiomethyl group]Phenyl radical]-1- (3-chloro-2-pyridinyl) -1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, (Liudaibenjiaxuanan, known from CN 103109816 a) (CAS 1232543-85-9); n- [ 4-chloro-2- [ [ (1, 1-dimethylethyl) amino group]Carbonyl radical]-6-methylphenyl radical]-1- (3-chloro-2-pyridinyl) -3- (fluoromethoxy) -1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2012/034403 a 1) (CAS 1268277-22-0); n- [2- (5-amino-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl) -4-chloro-6-methylphenyl]-3-bromo-1- (3-chloro-2-pyridinyl) -1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from WO 2011/085575 a 1) (CAS 1233882-22-8); 4- [3- [2, 6-dichloro-4- [ (3, 3-dichloro-2-propen-1-yl) oxy group]Phenoxy radical]Propoxy group]-2-methoxy-6- (trifluoromethyl) -pyrimidine (known from CN 101337940 a) (CAS 1108184-52-6); (2E) -2- [2- (4-cyanophenyl) -1- [3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl]Ethylene radical]-N-[4- (difluoromethoxy) phenyl group]-hydrazinocarboxamide and 2(Z) -2- [2- (4-cyanophenyl) -1- [3- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl]Ethylene radical]-N- [4- (difluoromethoxy) phenyl]-hydrazine carboxamide (known from CN 101715774 a) (CAS 1232543-85-9); 3- (2, 2-dichlorovinyl) -2, 2-dimethyl-4- (1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) phenyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (known from CN 103524422 a) (CAS 1542271-46-4); (4aS) -7-chloro-2, 5-dihydro-2- [ [ (methoxycarbonyl) [4- [ (trifluoromethyl) thio ] carbonyl]Phenyl radical]Amino group]Carbonyl radical]-indeno [1,2-e][1,3,4]Oxadiazine-4 a (3H) -carboxylic acid methyl ester (known from CN 102391261 a) (CAS 1370358-69-2); 6-deoxy-3-O-ethyl-2, 4-di-O-methyl-1- [ N- [4- [1- [4- (1,1,2,2, 2-pentafluoroethoxy) phenyl]-1H-1,2, 4-triazol-3-yl]Phenyl radical]Carbamates, their preparation and their use]- α -L-mannopyranose (known from US 2014/0275503 a 1) (CAS 1181213-14-8); 8- (2-Cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy) -3- (6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl) -3-azabicyclo [3.2.1]Octane (CAS 1253850-56-4), (8-trans) -8- (2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy) -3- (6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl) -3-azabicyclo [3.2.1]Octane (CAS 933798-27-7), (8-cis) -8- (2-cyclopropylmethoxy-4-trifluoromethylphenoxy) -3- (6-trifluoromethylpyridazin-3-yl) -3-azabicyclo [3.2.1]Octane (known from WO 2007040280A 1, WO 2007/040282A 1) (CAS 934001-66-8); n- [ 3-chloro-1- (3-pyridyl) -1H-pyrazol-4-yl]-N-ethyl-3- [ (3,3, 3-trifluoropropyl) thio]Propionamide (known from WO 2015/058021A 1, WO 2015/058028A 1) (CAS 1477919-27-9) and N- [4- (aminothiomethyl) -2-methyl-6- [ (methylamino) carbonyl]Phenyl radical]-3-bromo-1- (3-chloro-2-pyridinyl) -1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide (known from CN 103265527 a) (CAS 1452877-50-7); 5- (1, 3-dioxane-2-yl) -4- [ [4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl ] methyl ester]Methoxy radical]Pyrimidines (known from WO 2013/115391A 1) (CAS 1449021-97-9); 3- (4-chloro-2, 6-dimethylphenyl) -4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1-methyl-1, 8-diazaspiro [4.5 ]]Dec-3-en-2-one (known from WO 2010/066780A 1, WO 2011/151146A 1) (CAS 1229023-34-0); 3- (4-chloro-2, 6-dimethylphenyl) -8-methoxy-1-methyl-1, 8-diazaspiro [4.5 ]]Decane-2, 4-dione (known from WO 2014/187846A 1) (CAS 1638765-58-8); 3- (4-chloro-2, 6-dimethylphenyl) -8-methoxy-1-methyl-2-oxo-1, 8-diazaspiro [4.5 ]]Dec-3-en-4-ylcarbonate ethyl ester (from WO 2010/066780A 1, WO 2011)151146A 1 known) (CAS 1229023-00-0); n- [1- [ (6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl group]-2(1H) -pyridylidene]2,2, 2-trifluoroacetamide (known from DE 3639877 a1, WO 2012/029672 a 1) (CAS 1363400-41-2); [ N (E)]-N- [1- [ (6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl group]-2(1H) -pyridylidene]2,2, 2-trifluoroacetamide (known from WO 2016005276A 1) (CAS 1689566-03-7); [ N (Z)]-N- [1- [ (6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl group]-2(1H) -pyridylidene]-2,2, 2-trifluoroacetamide (CAS 1702305-40-5); 3-endo-3- [ 2-propoxy-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenoxy]-9- [ [5- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pyridinyl]Oxy radical]-9-azabicyclo [3.3.1]Nonanes (known from WO 2011/105506A 1, WO 2016/133011A 1) (CAS 1332838-17-1).

In certain embodiments, the active ingredient is a fungicide or insecticide selected from those shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

N.D.: not testing;^achemical panels from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (US Environmental Protection Agency);^bvalues were predicted using the ACD/Labs Percepta platform-PhysChem module.

In some embodiments, the active ingredient has a melting point greater than about 35 ℃, greater than about 40 ℃, greater than about 45 ℃, greater than about 50 ℃, greater than about 55 ℃, greater than about 60 ℃, greater than about 65 ℃, greater than about 70 ℃, greater than about 75 ℃, greater than about 80 ℃, greater than about 85 ℃, greater than about 90 ℃, greater than about 95 ℃ or greater than about 100 ℃. In other embodiments, the active ingredient has a melting point greater than about 100 ℃, greater than about 125 ℃, or greater than about 150 ℃.

In other embodiments, milling is continued until the particle size of the active ingredient is from about 1 micron to about 20 microns. The particle size may be within any range within these parameters, including but not limited to about 1 micron to about 20 microns, about 1 micron to about 15 microns, about 1 micron to about 10 microns, about 1 micron to about 5 microns, about 3 microns to about 20 microns, about 3 microns to about 15 microns, about 3 microns to about 10 microns, about 3 microns to about 8 microns, or about 3 microns to about 5 microns. In one aspect, milling is continued until the particle size of the active ingredient is from about 3 microns to about 8 microns. In another aspect, milling is continued until the particle size of the active ingredient is from about 4 microns to about 6 microns. In another aspect, milling is continued until the particle size of the active ingredient is from about 5.0 microns to about 5.5 microns.

Particle size can be measured by any method known in the art, such as laser diffraction, FBRM (focused beam reflectance measurement), UAS (ultrasonic attenuation spectroscopy), PDA (phase doppler method), SFT (spatial filtering technique), or SDV (shadow doppler velocimetry).

The aqueous formulation may optionally contain adjuvants commonly used in agricultural treatment formulations and known to those skilled in the art. Examples include antioxidants (e.g., ascorbic acid), penetrants, biocides, preservatives, deodorants, fragrances, antifreeze agents and evaporation inhibitors (e.g., glycerol and ethylene or propylene glycol, sorbitol, mineral oil, process oils, sodium lactate), fillers, carriers, colorants including pigments and/or dyes, pH adjusters (buffers, acids, and bases), salts (e.g., calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and/or ferric chloride), fertilizers (e.g., ammonium sulfate and nitrate, urea), and surfactants (e.g., dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, defoamers, and suspending agents). The aqueous formulation may also contain other active ingredients such as other fungicides, insecticides, pesticides and/or fertilizers known in the art, provided that they are compatible with prothioconazole.

Suitable antifoams include all conventional antifoams, including silicone-based antifoams and those based on perfluoroalkyl phosphinic and phosphonic acids, in particular silicone-based antifoams, for example silicone oils.

The most commonly used defoamers are those selected from the group consisting of linear polydimethylsiloxanes having an average kinematic viscosity, measured at 25 ℃, of from 1000 to 8000mPas (mPas ═ mpa.s), usually from 1200 to 6000mPas, and containing silica. The silica includes polysilicic acid, metasilicic acid (meta-silicic acid), orthosilicic acid (ortho-silicic acid), silica gel, silicic acid gel, diatomaceous earth, and precipitated SiO₂And the like.

The defoaming agent selected from linear polydimethylsiloxanes comprises the formula HO- [ Si (CH)₃)₂—O—]_nCompounds of formula-H as their chemical backbone, in which the end groups have been modified, for example by etherification, or with the group-Si (CH)₃)₃And (4) connecting. Non-limiting examples of such defoamers areAntifoam 416(Rhodia) andantifoam 481 (Rhodia). Other suitable defoamers are1824. ANTIMUSSOL 4459-2(Clariant), Defoamer V4459 (Clariant), SE Visk and AS EM SE 39 (Wacker). The silicone oil may also be used in the form of an emulsion.

The invention also relates to propagation material of plants treated with the agrochemical formulation according to the invention. Herein, the term "propagation material" includes those plant parts which are suitable for the production of progeny in a vegetative or sexual manner. Suitable for vegetative propagation are, for example, cuttings, callus cultures, rhizomes or tubers. Other propagation material includes, for example, fruits, seeds, seedlings, protoplasts, cell cultures, and the like. Preferred propagation material is tubers, fruits or seeds.

In some embodiments, the agrochemical formulation is a seed treatment formulation. These formulations are useful for protecting seeds from undesirable microorganisms, such as phytopathogenic microorganisms, e.g., phytopathogenic fungi or phytopathogenic oomycetes. The term seed as used herein includes dormant seed, pregerminated seed (primed seed), pre-germinated seed and seed where roots and leaves emerge.

The invention therefore also relates to a method for protecting seeds from undesired microorganisms, comprising the step of treating the seeds with a formulation according to the invention.

Treatment of seeds with the formulation of the invention protects the seeds from phytopathogenic microorganisms and also protects germinating seeds, young seedlings and plants after emergence of the treated seeds. The invention therefore also relates to a method for protecting seeds, germinating seeds and young seedlings.

The seed treatment may be performed before, at or shortly after sowing.

When the seed treatment is carried out before sowing (for example so-called dressing application), the seed treatment can be carried out as follows: the seeds can be placed in a mixer with the desired amount of the formulation of the invention and the seeds and the formulation of the invention mixed until a uniform distribution on the seeds is achieved. If appropriate, the seeds can then be dried.

The invention also relates to coating seeds with the formulation of the invention.

Preferably, the seed is treated in a state where the seed is sufficiently stable so that no damage occurs during the treatment. Generally, the seed may be treated at any time from harvest to sowing. Seeds that have been separated from the plant and have had the cob, husk, stem, pod, hair or pulp removed are typically used. For example, seeds that have been harvested, cleaned and dried to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight may be used. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds which have been dried, for example, treated with water and then dried again, or just after pregermination (priming), or seeds stored under pregermination conditions or pre-germinated seeds, or seeds sown on nursery trays (tray), tape (tape) or paper.

The amount of the formulation of the invention applied to the seed is generally such that germination of the seed is not impaired or the resulting plant is not impaired. When determining the amount of the formulation of the invention to be applied to the seeds, the inherent phenotype of the transgenic plants should also be taken into account in order to obtain optimal seed and germinating plant protection with a minimum amount of active ingredients used.

The formulation of the invention may be applied directly to the seed as such, i.e. without any further components and without dilution. In addition, the compositions of the present invention may be applied to seeds.

The formulations of the invention are suitable for protecting seeds of any plant variety. Preferred seeds are seeds of the following plants: cereals (e.g. wheat, barley, rye, millet, triticale and oats), oilseed rape, corn, cotton, soybean, rice, potato, sunflower, beans, coffee, peas, sugar beets (e.g. sugar beets and fodder beets), peanuts, vegetables (e.g. tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and lettuce), lawns and ornamentals. More preferred are seeds of wheat, soybean, rape, maize and rice.

The formulations of the invention are useful for treating transgenic seed, particularly seed of plants capable of expressing polypeptides or proteins that contribute to pest, herbicide damage or abiotic stress, thereby enhancing protection. Seeds of plants capable of expressing a polypeptide or protein that acts on pests, herbicide damage or abiotic stress may comprise at least one heterologous gene capable of expressing the polypeptide or protein. These heterologous genes in the transgenic seed can be derived, for example, from microorganisms of the following genera: bacillus (Bacillus), Rhizobium (Rhizobium), Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), Serratia (Serratia), Trichoderma (Trichoderma), Corynebacterium (Clavibacter), Gliocladium (Glomus), or Gliocladium (Gliocladium). These heterologous genes are preferably derived from Bacillus species, in which case the gene products are effective against European corn borer and/or Western corn rootworm. Particularly preferably, the heterologous gene is derived from bacillus thuringiensis.

The invention also provides formulations comprising at least one active compound according to the invention and application forms prepared therefrom as crop protection agents and/or insecticides, for example drenches, drops and spray lotions. The application form may comprise further crop protection agents and/or pesticides, and/or activity-enhancing adjuvants, such as penetrants, examples being vegetable oils (e.g. rapeseed oil, sunflower oil), mineral oils (e.g. liquid paraffin), alkyl esters of vegetable fatty acids (e.g. rapeseed oil methyl ester or soybean oil methyl ester), or alkanol alkoxylates; and/or spreaders (spreaders), such as alkylsiloxanes and/or salts, examples being organic or inorganic ammonium or phosphonium salts, examples being ammonium sulphate or diammonium phosphate; and/or retention promoters (retention promoters), such as dioctyl sulfosuccinate or hydroxypropyl guar polymers; and/or humectants, such as glycerol; and/or fertilizers, such as ammonium, potassium or phosphorous fertilizers.

Examples of typical formulations include water-Soluble Liquor (SL), Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC), aqueous emulsions in water (EW), suspension concentrates (SC, SE, FS, OD), water-dispersible granules (WG), Granules (GR) and capsule Concentrates (CS); these and other possible formulation types are described, for example, by the International Crop Life association (Crop Life International) and are described in the following documents: instructions for Pesticides (Pesticide Specifications), "Manual on Development and Use of the Instructions for Pesticides and the world health organization of the United nations, Plant Production and Protection document 173 (FAO Plant Production and Protection documents-173) of the United nations' grain agriculture organization and the world health organization (Joint conference on Pesticide Specifications by the United nations grain agriculture organization/the world health organization), 2004, ISBN: 9251048576. The formulations may comprise an active agrochemical compound in addition to one or more active compounds of the invention.

The formulations or application forms preferably comprise auxiliaries, such as extenders, solvents, spontaneous promoters, carriers, emulsifiers, dispersants, antifreeze agents, biocides, thickeners and/or further auxiliaries, such as adjuvants. In this context, an adjuvant is a component that enhances the biological efficacy of a formulation, whereas the component itself does not have biological efficacy. Examples of adjuvants are agents that promote retention, spreading, adhesion to the leaf surface or penetration.

These formulations are prepared, for example, by mixing the active compounds with auxiliaries, such as extenders, solvents and/or solid carriers, and/or further auxiliaries, such as surfactants. The formulations are prepared in a suitable apparatus or are prepared prior to or during administration.

Suitable as auxiliaries are substances which are suitable for imparting specific properties (e.g. certain physical, technical and/or biological properties) to the preparations of the active compounds or to the application forms prepared from these preparations (e.g. useful crop protection agents, such as spray liquors or seed dressings).

Suitable extenders are, for example, water, polar and nonpolar organic chemical liquids, for example selected from aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons (for example paraffins, alkylbenzenes, alkylnaphthalenes, chlorobenzenes), alcohols and polyols (which, if appropriate, may also be substituted, etherified and/or esterified), ketones (for example acetone, cyclohexanone), esters (including fats and oils) and (poly) ethers, unsubstituted and substituted amines, amides, lactams (for example N-alkylpyrrolidones) and lactones, sulfones and sulfoxides (for example dimethyl sulfoxide).

If the extender used is water, it is also possible to use, for example, organic solvents as cosolvents. Basically, suitable liquid solvents are: aromatic compounds, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes; chlorinated aromatic compounds or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzene, vinyl chloride or dichloromethane; aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, such as petroleum fractions, mineral oils and vegetable oils; alcohols, such as butanol or ethylene glycol and ethers and esters thereof; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone; strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethylsulfoxide; and water.

All suitable solvents can be used. Suitable solvents are, for example, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes; chlorinated aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzene, vinyl chloride or dichloromethane; aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane, e.g., paraffins, petroleum fractions, mineral oils, and vegetable oils; alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol or ethylene glycol, and ethers and esters thereof; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone; strongly polar solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide; and water.

All suitable carriers can be used. Suitable carriers are in particular: for example, ammonium salts and ground natural minerals, such as kaolin, clay, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth; and ground synthetic minerals such as finely divided silica, alumina and natural or synthetic silicates; a resin; waxes and/or solid fertilizers. Mixtures of such carriers may also be used. Suitable carriers for granules include the following: for example crushed and fractionated natural minerals such as calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite; and synthetic particles of inorganic and organic powders; and particles of organic materials such as sawdust, paper, coconut shells, corn cobs, and tobacco straw.

Liquefied gaseous extenders or solvents may also be used. Particularly suitable are those extenders or carriers which are gaseous at standard temperature and standard pressure, examples being aerosol propellants (aerol propellant), such as halogenated hydrocarbons, and also butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

Examples of emulsifiers and/or foaming agents, dispersants or wetting agents or mixtures of these surface-active substances having ionic or nonionic character are: a polyacrylate salt; a lignosulfonate; a phenol sulfonate or naphthalene sulfonate; polycondensates of ethylene oxide with fatty alcohols or fatty acids or fatty amines, polycondensates of ethylene oxide with substituted phenols, preferably alkylphenols or arylphenols; a salt of sulfosuccinic acid ester; taurine derivatives (preferably alkyl taurates); phosphoric esters of polyethoxylated alcohols or phenols; fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols; and derivatives of sulfate, sulfonate and phosphate containing compounds, examples being alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulfonates, alkyl sulfates, arylsulfonates; a protein hydrolysate; lignosulfite waste liquor and methyl cellulose. The presence of surface-active substances is advantageous if one of the active compounds and/or one of the inert carriers is insoluble in water and if the application is carried out in water.

Other adjuvants which may be present in the formulations and the application forms obtained therefrom include colorants, such as inorganic pigments, examples being iron oxide, titanium oxide and prussian blue; and organic dyes such as alizarin dyes, azo dyes, and metal phthalocyanine dyes; and nutrients and micronutrients such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc.

Stabilizers (e.g., low temperature stabilizers), preservatives, antioxidants, light stabilizers, or other agents that improve chemical and/or physical stability may also be present. Also present may be a foaming agent or a defoaming agent.

In addition, the formulations and the application forms obtained therefrom may also comprise, as additional auxiliaries, binders (stickers), such as carboxymethylcellulose; natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl acetate; and natural phospholipids, such as cephalins and lecithins; and synthetic phospholipids. Other possible adjuvants include mineral and vegetable oils.

Other adjuvants may be present in the formulations and the application forms obtained therefrom. Examples of such additives include fragrances, protective colloids, binders, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic substances, penetrants, retention promoters, stabilizers, chelating agents, complexing agents, humectants, spreading agents. In general, the active compounds may be combined with any solid or liquid additive conventionally used for formulation purposes.

Suitable retention promoters include all those that reduce the kinetic surface tension (e.g., dioctyl sulfosuccinate), or increase the viscoelasticity (e.g., hydroxypropyl guar polymer).

Suitable penetrants herein include all those commonly used to enhance penetration of active agrochemical compounds into plants. Penetrants are defined herein as agents that are capable of penetrating the epidermis of a plant from an (usually aqueous) application liquid and/or spray coating to enhance the ability of the active compound to migrate within the epidermis. This property can be determined using the methods described in the literature (Baur et al, 1997, Pesticide Science 51, 131-. Examples include alcohol alkoxylates such as coconut fatty ethoxylate (10) or isotridecyl ethoxylate (12); fatty acid esters, such as rapeseed oil methyl ester or soybean oil methyl ester; fatty amine alkoxylates, such as tallow fatty amine ethoxylate (15); or ammonium and/or phosphonium salts, for example ammonium sulfate or diammonium phosphate.

The formulations preferably comprise from 0.00000001 to 98% by weight of active compound, or particularly preferably from 0.01 to 95% by weight of active compound, more preferably from 0.5 to 90% by weight of active compound, based on the weight of the formulation.

The active compound content of the application forms (crop protection products) prepared from the formulations can vary within wide limits. The concentration of the active compound in the application form can generally be from 0.00000001% to 95% by weight of active compound, preferably from 0.00001% to 1% by weight, based on the weight of the application form. Administration is carried out in a conventional manner suitable for the form of administration.

The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration only and not for the purpose of limitation.

Examples

Example 1: preparation of flowable concentrated agrochemical formulations containing fluopyramMill premix and grind

The following steps provide one embodiment of a method of making a flowable concentrated agrochemical formulation:

1. a mixture of the desired surfactant (e.g., polymeric, alkoxylate, and/or anionic surfactant), structuring agent (e.g., polysaccharide gum, clay, cellulose, polyacrylate, and/or xanthan gum), and water is prepared.

2. Most of the water was added to the mixing tank leaving about 2 to 3 wt% for post addition.

3. Mixing is started until all the material is dissolved, which may take 2-3 hours.

4. Additional surfactant was added and mixing was continued until a clear brown solution resulted, which may take 2-3 hours.

5. About 50% fluopyram is added with continuous stirring. Added in portions to ensure proper wetting of fluopyram.

6. The mixture was passed through a colloid mill and then through a media mill (0.6-0.3 mm gap).

7. A portion of the antifoam was added and stirring was continued.

8. The mixture was recirculated through a horizontal media mill (glass or ceramic media 1-1.2 mm in diameter) until the desired particle size was achieved, and then transferred to a final stirred tank. Alternatively, discrete passes (discrete pass) may be performed by a media mill.

9. The desired particle size: d90-7.00 microns.

Final preparation of flowable concentrated agrochemical formulations containing fluopyram

1. The remaining portion of fluopyram was slowly added and mixed well.

2. Optionally, the mixture is passed through a colloid mill and then through a media mill (0.6-0.3 mm gap).

3. The mixture was recirculated through a horizontal media mill (glass or ceramic media 1-1.2 mm in diameter) until the desired particle size was achieved, and then transferred to a final stirred tank. Alternatively, the discrete transfer may be by a media mill.

4. The desired particle size: d90-5.50 microns.

5. Structurants (e.g., polysaccharide gums, clays, cellulose, polyacrylates, and/or xanthan gums) are added to achieve target amounts for the final product batch. After the last addition, mix for at least 30 minutes and then sample for specification limit.

6. Water and structurants are added to meet active ingredient and viscosity specification limits. After the last addition, mix for at least 30 minutes and then sample for all specification limits.

7. The remainder of the defoamer can be added to mitigate foaming.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All publications, patents, and patent publications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

It is to be understood that the disclosed invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, and materials described, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention which will be limited only by the appended claims.

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.