阅读说明：本技术 一种远志抽芯初加工方法 (Polygala tenuifolia core-pulling primary processing method ) 是由 胡利峰 赵艳 冯聪聪 李军 翟勇 于 2021-01-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种远志抽芯初加工方法,属于中药技术领域,涉及远志加工技术,解决现有远志初加工工艺存在的黄曲霉含量高,品质不稳定的问题。步骤为：新鲜远志去除杂质,按根条直径区分等级为大、中和小条；将小条远志直接干燥为全远志,将大、中条在25℃-45℃,干燥26.5-30h；90-100℃热水中浸泡,捞出后借助抽芯工具抽芯；55-65℃,烘干至含水量≤7.0%,避光保存。本发明设备要求低,易于操作,适应于连续化和规模化操作,远志筒质量稳定,合格率高,可有效降低远志药材在加工存储过程中黄曲霉素的含量,延长远志药材的保存时间。(The invention discloses a polygala tenuifolia loose core primary processing method, belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, relates to a polygala tenuifolia processing technology, and solves the problems of high aspergillus flavus content and unstable quality of the conventional polygala tenuifolia primary processing technology. The method comprises the following steps: removing impurities from fresh polygala tenuifolia, and classifying into large, medium and small strips according to the diameter of the root strips; directly drying small polygala tenuifolia strips into full polygala tenuifolia strips, and drying large polygala tenuifolia strips and medium polygala tenuifolia strips at the temperature of 25-45 ℃ for 26.5-30 h; soaking in hot water at 90-100 deg.C, taking out, and pulling core with core-pulling tool; drying at 55-65 deg.C until the water content is less than or equal to 7.0%, and storing in dark. The method has the advantages of low equipment requirement, easy operation, suitability for continuous and large-scale operation, stable quality of the polygala root cylinder, high qualification rate, capability of effectively reducing the content of aflatoxin in the processing and storing process of polygala root medicinal materials and prolonging the storage time of polygala root medicinal materials.)

1. A polygala root core-pulling primary processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) grading: after impurities and soil are removed from fresh polygala tenuifolia, classifying the polygala tenuifolia into large strips, medium strips and small strips according to the diameter of the root strips;

(2) and (3) drying: directly drying small polygala tenuifolia into full polygala tenuifolia, and drying large polygala tenuifolia and medium polygala tenuifolia for 26.5-30h at 25-45 ℃, wherein the water content of the large polygala tenuifolia is controlled to be 28-32%, and the drying is stopped, and the water content of the medium polygala tenuifolia is controlled to be 22-27%, and the drying is stopped;

(3) core pulling: soaking the dried polygala root strips in hot water at 90-100 ℃, and immediately loosing core by means of a core-pulling tool after fishing out;

(4) and (3) drying: drying the core-pulled polygala tenuifolia cylinder at 55-65 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 7.0%, and storing in dark place.

2. The polygala tenuifolia loose core primary processing method according to claim 1, wherein a polygala tenuifolia cylinder is dried, sterilized by irradiation with a cobalt 60 radioactive source for 2-3 hours, and then stored in a dark place.

3. The polygala tenuifolia loose core primary processing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the diameter of the large polygala tenuifolia in the step 1) is more than or equal to 5cm, the diameter of the medium polygala tenuifolia is 2-5cm, and the diameter of the small polygala tenuifolia is less than or equal to 2 cm.

4. The polygala tenuifolia loose core primary processing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the medium polygala tenuifolia in the step 2) is dried for 10 hours at 40-45 ℃, then cooled to 25-30 ℃ and dried for 16.5 hours continuously, and the water content is controlled at 25%.

5. The polygala tenuifolia loose core primary processing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the large-strip polygala tenuifolia in the step 2) is dried for 13.5 hours at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, the temperature is reduced to 25-30 ℃, the drying is continued for 16.5 hours, and the water content is 30%.

6. The polygala tenuifolia loose core primary processing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polygala tenuifolia strips in the step 3) are soaked in hot water at 90-100 ℃ for 2-2.5 min.

7. The polygala tenuifolia loose core primary processing method according to claim 2, wherein the irradiation in the step 5) is to sterilize polygala tenuifolia cylinders by irradiation at a dose of 4-6KGy for 2-3 hours.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, relates to a polygala tenuifolia processing technology, and particularly relates to a polygala tenuifolia loose core primary processing method.

Background

Polygala tenuifolia is one of the commonly used Chinese medicinal material varieties, is bitter, pungent and warm in nature, enters heart, lung and kidney channels, has the effects of soothing nerves and benefiting intelligence, coordinating heart and kidney, eliminating phlegm and reducing swelling, and is mainly used for treating insomnia and dreaminess, amnesia and palpitation, absent mindedness, cough and phlegm, pyocutaneous disease and swelling and pain of breasts, which are caused by heart-kidney imbalance. Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun records that all the polygala root should be removed from the heart first, but should not be removed from the heart, which makes people feel stuffy.

The method for primarily processing polygala tenuifolia comprises the following steps: sun-drying the picked fresh radix Polygalae strips outdoors for 2-3 days until the skin is shriveled; packaging into woven bag or plastic bag, covering with plastic tarpaulin, piling for sweating, stopping sweating when radix Polygalae has strong toughness, generally for 3 days; manually pulling cores; and spreading the core-pulled polygala tenuifolia cylinders outdoors for drying. The prior producing area primary processing method has the following defects: (1) the time and labor are wasted, the processing time is long, and a large amount of labor is consumed; (2) the quality is unstable, and the airing time and the sweating degree are determined by experience, so that the quality of the processed product is unstable; (3) the most serious is that the aflatoxin content in the product is high, and because polygala tenuifolia medicinal materials belong to medicinal materials which are easy to mildew, especially aspergillus flavus, the excessive aflatoxin of polygala tenuifolia can cause huge loss to medical farmers and medical enterprises.

In order to solve the problems of the conventional polygala root primary processing, the invention develops a novel primary processing process flow special for polygala root.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a core-pulling primary processing method for polygala tenuifolia, aiming at solving the problems of high aspergillus flavus content, unstable quality, time and labor consumption of the existing polygala tenuifolia primary processing technology.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a polygala root core-pulling primary processing method comprises the following steps:

(1) grading: after impurities and soil are removed from fresh polygala tenuifolia, classifying the polygala tenuifolia into large strips, medium strips and small strips according to the diameter of the root strips;

(2) and (3) drying: directly drying small polygala tenuifolia into full polygala tenuifolia, and drying large polygala tenuifolia and medium polygala tenuifolia for 26.5-30h at 25-45 ℃, wherein the water content of the large polygala tenuifolia is controlled to be 28-32%, and the drying is stopped, and the water content of the medium polygala tenuifolia is controlled to be 22-27%, and the drying is stopped;

(3) core pulling: soaking the dried polygala root strips in hot water at 90-100 ℃, and immediately loosing core by means of a core-pulling tool after fishing out;

(4) and (3) drying: drying the core-pulled polygala tenuifolia cylinder at 55-65 ℃ until the water content is less than or equal to 7.0%, and storing in dark place.

Further, sterilizing dried cortex et radix Polygalae with cobalt 60 radioactive source by irradiation for 2-3 hr, and storing in dark place, wherein the irradiation is performed with 4-6KGy dose to sterilize cortex et radix Polygalae cylinder for 2-3 hr.

The diameter of the large polygala tenuifolia strip in the step 1) is more than or equal to 5cm, the diameter of the medium polygala tenuifolia strip is 2-5cm, the diameter of the small polygala tenuifolia strip is less than or equal to 2cm, loose cores are taken after the large polygala tenuifolia strip and the medium polygala tenuifolia strip are dried, and the small polygala tenuifolia strip cannot be directly dried into.

Drying the polygala tenuifolia medium strip in the step 2) for 10 hours at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, then cooling to 25-30 ℃ and continuously drying for 16.5 hours, and controlling the water content to be 25%.

Drying the large polygala tenuifolia strip in the step 2) for 13.5 hours at the temperature of 40-45 ℃, cooling to 25-30 ℃, and continuously drying for 16.5 hours until the water content is 30%.

Soaking the polygala root strips in hot water at 90-100 ℃ for 2-2.5 min.

The invention removes impurities from fresh polygala root strips and grades, because small strips can not be loose core and are directly dried into full polygala, large and medium strips of polygala are dried for 26.5 to 30 hours in gradient at the temperature of between 25 and 45 ℃, and then are subjected to stuffy wetting loose core treatment and hot water soaking loose core treatment to prepare polygala cylinders. The primary drying degree of fresh polygala root strips has a great influence on polygala core pulling, the polygala root strips are placed on a drying rack after grading, the drying is carried out until the surfaces of the polygala root strips are shrunk, the polygala root strips are wound around fingers without breaking, and the surfaces of large polygala root strips are soft, wherein a specific drying test is shown in table 1, the polygala root strips are dried for 10 hours at 40-45 ℃ in the table 1, in order to prevent the polygala root strips from being completely dried, the temperature is reduced to 25-30 ℃ for continuous drying for 16.5 hours, and the water content is about 25%; drying the large-strip polygala tenuifolia at 40-45 ℃ for 13.5h, and in the same way, cooling to 25 ℃ and continuously drying for 16.5h until the water content is about 30%.

TABLE 1

After the fresh polygala root strips are dried for the first time, the fresh polygala root strips are soaked in hot water at the temperature of 90-100 ℃ for core pulling, the content of aflatoxin is effectively controlled, but different soaking time has great influence on the difficulty degree of core pulling of polygala root, the result is shown in table 2, as can be seen from table 2, the soaking time is too short or too long, polygala root is not easy to pull away from the center of mass of wood, and 2-2.5min is selected as the hot water soaking time of the polygala root strips.

TABLE 2

The content detection results after drying are shown in table 3, and it can be seen from table 3 that the content of aflatoxin in polygala tenuifolia barrels can be obviously reduced by using loose core after being soaked in hot water, the content of polygala tenuifolia xanthone and 3, 6-mustard sucrose is not influenced, and the content of tenuifolia saponin is stable.

TABLE 3

The dried polygala tenuifolia strips are respectively subjected to non-irradiation treatment and irradiation treatment, then are stored in a dark place, the aflatoxin content is detected after 90 days, the result is shown in table 4, and it can be seen from table 4 that the irradiation can effectively reduce the aflatoxin content of polygala tenuifolia in the storage process, can effectively kill the aflatoxin in polygala tenuifolia, and can prolong the storage time of polygala tenuifolia.

TABLE 4

In conclusion, the method has the advantages of low equipment requirement, easy operation, suitability for continuous and large-scale operation, stable polygala tenuifolia cylinder quality and high qualification rate, can effectively reduce the content of aflatoxin in the processing and storing process of polygala tenuifolia and prolongs the storage time of polygala tenuifolia.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1

A polygala root core-pulling primary processing method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing 500kg of fresh polygala root strips, removing impurities and soil, and grading into large strips more than or equal to 5cm, medium strips more than 2 and less than or equal to 5cm, and small strips of polygala root less than or equal to 2 cm;

(2) selecting big strips and middle strips, placing on a drying rack, drying at 40-45 deg.C for 10-13.5h, gradually reducing the temperature to 25-30 deg.C, continuously drying for 16.5h, controlling the water content at 222-32%, and stopping drying;

(3) soaking the primarily dried polygala root strips in hot water at 90-100 ℃ for 2min, taking out, and performing core pulling by means of a core pulling tool;

(4) and (4) placing the polygala tenuifolia barrel after core pulling on a drying rack and continuously drying until the water content is below 7.0%.

According to the detection of 2020 Chinese pharmacopoeia, the polygala root cylinder is complete, gray yellow in appearance, hollow, hard and brittle, 3-8cm in length and 0.2-0.4cm in diameter, wherein the polygala root of the medium polygala root contains 0.17% of polygala root xanthone, 0.62% of 3, 6-mustard seed sucrose and 2.8% of tenuifolin; the polygala tenuifolia contains 0.15 percent of polygalactonone, 0.61 percent of 3, 6-mustard sucrose and 2.6 percent of tenuifolin, and the amount of aflatoxin B1 is 0ug, and the amount of aflatoxin B1 is 0.4ug after 2 months of detection.

Example 2

A polygala root core-pulling primary processing method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing 500kg of fresh polygala root strips, removing impurities and soil, and grading into large strips more than or equal to 5cm, medium strips more than 2 and less than or equal to 5cm, and small strips of polygala root less than or equal to 2 cm;

(2) selecting large strips and medium strips, placing on a drying rack, drying medium strip polygala tenuifolia for 10h at 40-45 ℃, then cooling to 25-30 ℃ and continuing to dry for 16.5h, controlling the water content to be 22-25%, drying large strip polygala tenuifolia for 13.5h at 40-45 ℃, cooling to 25-30 ℃ and continuing to dry for 16.5h, and controlling the water content to be 28-32%;

(3) soaking the primarily dried polygala root strips in hot water at 90-100 ℃ for 2.5min, taking out, and performing core pulling by means of a core pulling tool;

(4) placing the polygala tenuifolia barrel after core pulling on a drying rack and continuously drying until the water content is below 7.0%;

(5) irradiation: sterilizing dried cortex et radix Polygalae with cobalt 60 radioactive source under irradiation at 4KGy for 3 hr, and storing in dark place.

According to the detection of 2020 < Chinese pharmacopoeia >, the polygala root cylinder part is broken, gray yellow in appearance, hollow, hard and crisp, 4-8cm in length, 0.2-0.4cm in diameter and 0ug in aflatoxin B1, and the amount of aflatoxin B1 is 0g after 2 months of detection.

Example 3

A polygala root core-pulling primary processing method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing 500kg of fresh polygala root strips, removing impurities and soil, and grading into large strips more than or equal to 5cm, medium strips more than 2 and less than or equal to 5cm, and small strips of polygala root less than or equal to 2 cm;

(2) selecting large strips and medium strips, placing the large strips and the medium strips on a drying rack, drying the medium strips of polygala tenuifolia for 10 hours at 40-45 ℃, then cooling to 25-30 ℃ and continuously drying for 16.5 hours, controlling the water content to be 25%, drying the large strips of polygala tenuifolia for 13.5 hours at 40-45 ℃, and similarly, cooling to 25-30 ℃ and continuously drying for 16.5 hours until the water content is 30%;

(3) soaking the primarily dried polygala root strips in hot water at 90-100 ℃ for 2min, taking out, and performing core pulling by means of a core pulling tool;

(4) placing the polygala tenuifolia barrel after core pulling on a drying rack and continuously drying until the water content is below 7.0%;

(5) irradiation: sterilizing dried cortex et radix Polygalae with cobalt 60 radioactive source under irradiation at 5KGy for 2 hr, and storing in dark place.

(2) The wood core is not easy to separate according to the detection of 2020 < Chinese pharmacopoeia >.

According to the detection of 2020 Chinese pharmacopoeia, the polygala root cylinder is complete, gray yellow in appearance, hollow, hard and crisp, 3-8cm in length and 0.2-0.4cm in diameter, the polygala root flavone content of the medium polygala root is 0.17%, the 3, 6-mustard seed sucrose content is 0.62%, the tenuifolia saponin content is 2.8%, and the polygala root is 0: the content of polygala tenuifolia mountain ketone is 0.15%, the content of 3, 6-mustard seed sucrose is 0.61%, the content of tenuifolin is 2.7%, and no aflatoxin is detected by detecting at intervals of two months.

Example 4

A polygala root core-pulling primary processing method comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing 500kg of fresh polygala root strips, removing impurities and soil, and grading into large strips more than or equal to 5cm, medium strips more than 2 and less than or equal to 5cm, and small strips of polygala root less than or equal to 2 cm;

(2) selecting large strips and medium strips, placing the large strips and the medium strips on a drying rack, drying the medium strips of polygala tenuifolia for 10 hours at 40-45 ℃, then cooling to 25-30 ℃ and continuously drying for 16.5 hours, controlling the water content to be 25%, drying the large strips of polygala tenuifolia for 13.5 hours at 40-45 ℃, and similarly, cooling to 25-30 ℃ and continuously drying for 16.5 hours until the water content is 30%;

(3) soaking the primarily dried polygala root strips in hot water at 90-100 ℃ for 2min, taking out, and performing core pulling by means of a core pulling tool;

(4) placing the polygala tenuifolia barrel after core pulling on a drying rack and continuously drying until the water content is below 7.0%;

(5) irradiation: sterilizing dried cortex et radix Polygalae with cobalt 60 radioactive source under irradiation at 6KGy for 2.5 hr, and storing in dark.

According to the detection of 2020 Chinese pharmacopoeia, the polygala root cylinder is complete, gray yellow in appearance, hollow, hard and crisp, 3-8cm in length and 0.2-0.4cm in diameter, the polygala root flavone content of the medium polygala root is 0.16%, the 3, 6-mustard seed sucrose content is 0.63%, the tenuifolia saponin content is 2.7%, and the polygala root is 0 in large strips: the content of polygala tenuifolia mountain ketone is 0.16%, the content of 3, 6-mustard seed sucrose is 0.60%, the content of tenuifolin is 2.8%, and no aflatoxin is detected by detecting at intervals of two months.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is intended to include such modifications and variations. The foregoing examples or embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.