阅读说明：本技术 一种氰基环状不饱和烃类物质及其制备方法 (Cyano-ring unsaturated hydrocarbon substance and preparation method thereof ) 是由 周彤 杜建委 曹青青 吴杰 杨冰 于 2019-09-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于化工领域,公开了一种氰基环状不饱和烃类物质及其制备方法。本发明所述氰基环状不饱和烃类物质可用作锂离子电池电解液添加剂,结构如式(I)所示。该氰基环状不饱和烃类物质制备方法包括以下步骤：(1)反应装置除水氧后用氮气保护,将反丁烯二腈溶于有机溶剂后加入到封闭容器中；(2)将不饱和烃加入到步骤(1)所述反丁烯二腈中,搅拌反应,得到反应粗品；(3)然后对所得粗品进行处理并干燥,即得反应成品；这种方法省略了复杂的提纯过程,通过一步法制备出具有高收率,高纯度的氰基环状不饱和烃类物质,工艺简单。(The invention belongs to the field of chemical industry, and discloses a cyano-ring unsaturated hydrocarbon substance and a preparation method thereof. The cyano-ring-shaped unsaturated hydrocarbon substance can be used as an additive of lithium ion battery electrolyte, and has a structure shown in a formula (I). The preparation method of the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance comprises the following steps: (1) after removing water and oxygen, the reaction device is protected by nitrogen, and the fumaric dinitrile is dissolved in an organic solvent and then added into a closed container; (2) adding unsaturated hydrocarbon into the fumaric dinitrile in the step (1), and stirring for reaction to obtain a reaction crude product; (3) then, treating and drying the obtained crude product to obtain a reaction finished product; the method omits a complicated purification process, prepares the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance with high yield and high purity by a one-step method, and has simple process.)

1. A cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon of the formula (I):

wherein R is₁-R₆May be absent or each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl, ethenyl or propenyl.

2. The cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon material of claim 1, wherein the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon material is one of formula (II), formula (III), formula (IV), formula (V):

3. a process for the preparation of cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbons as claimed in any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) after removing water and oxygen, the reaction device is protected by nitrogen, and the fumaric dinitrile is dissolved in an organic solvent and then added into a closed container;

(2) adding unsaturated hydrocarbon into the fumaric dinitrile in the step (1), and stirring for reaction to obtain a reaction crude product;

(3) and then treating and drying the obtained crude product to obtain a reaction finished product.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the organic solvent in step (1) is one or more selected from the group consisting of ethyl ether, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, benzene, toluene and acetone; solvents having a low boiling point, such as dichloromethane, benzene or toluene, are preferred; more preferably, the organic solvent in step (1) is benzene or toluene.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the stirring reaction in step (2) is carried out under a sealed environment, the reaction pressure is controlled to be 0.1-0.3 MPa, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 55-120 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-24 hours.

6. The method for preparing cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance according to claim 3, wherein when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is of formula (II) or formula (V), the reaction temperature in the step (2) is 95 ℃ to 105 ℃; when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is represented by the formula (III), the reaction temperature in the step (2) is 55-65 ℃; when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is represented by the formula (IV), the reaction temperature in the step (2) is 75-85 ℃.

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the molar ratio of unsaturated hydrocarbon to fumaronitrile in the step (2) is (1.0 to 2.5): 1; preferably, when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is of formula (II), formula (IV) or formula (V), the molar ratio of unsaturated hydrocarbon to fumaronitrile in step (2) is (1.4-1.6): 1, when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is represented by the formula (III), the molar ratio of the unsaturated hydrocarbon to the fumaronitrile in the step (2) is (1.1-1.3): 1.

8. the method according to claim 3, wherein the treatment of the crude product in step (3) is a pretreatment of drying the crude product, and the pretreatment of drying the crude product comprises:

after a cyano-group cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance crude product is prepared, placing the reaction solution in an environment with the temperature of-20-0 ℃, cooling and crystallizing to obtain a wet solid substance, performing visual inspection until the volume of the crystallized solid does not increase any more, filtering while the crystallized solid is cold, and performing subsequent drying treatment on the solid;

or after the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance crude product is prepared, the reaction solution is distilled and concentrated, the low-boiling point solvent is removed to obtain a solid substance, and the subsequent drying treatment is carried out.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the concentration by distillation is carried out under a vacuum of-0.05 to-0.1 MPa, such as-0.1 MPa, at a temperature of 40 to 60 ℃.

10. The method according to claim 3, wherein the drying in step (3) is carried out by drying the solid to be dried in a vacuum oven at 30 ℃ for 5-10h to obtain the final product.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of chemical industry, in particular to a cyano-ring unsaturated hydrocarbon substance and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Lithium batteries have been widely used in digital products such as mobile phones, tablets, notebooks, etc. over the last decade as a clean, efficient and economical energy storage product. The cobalt acid lithium battery consists of a cobalt oxide cathode and a graphite carbon anode, and becomes a popular choice for mobile phones, notebook computers and digital cameras due to high specific energy. The battery cathode has a layered structure, and during discharge, lithium ions move from the anode to the cathode, and the charge process flows in the opposite direction. Lithium cobaltate batteries perform well at high specific energy, but generally perform in terms of power characteristics, safety, and cycle life.

Nitrile additives that can be used in the electrolyte, such as Acetonitrile (AN), have been widely studied, and have good stability in ultra-high concentration electrolytes, but acetonitrile is easily reduced and unstable at the negative electrode in non-high concentration lithium salt electrolytes; succinonitrile (SN), which is applied to lithium iron phosphate electrolyte and 4.35V high voltage electrolyte in a relatively large amount, can suppress adverse effects of FEC decomposition at high temperature to some extent, but is high in cost and therefore is generally used in a small amount; adiponitrile (ADN) which is a liquid oily liquid at normal temperature and has a slight viscosity, and if the amount of adiponitrile is relatively large or at low temperature in an electrolyte, a lithium salt may precipitate or become cloudy; in addition, glutaronitrile, suberonitrile, sebaconitrile, and the like, have large molecular weights and a significant increase in viscosity, resulting in a decrease in the solubility of lithium salts and their own solubility.

The cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance can react with trace water in the electrolyte to generate amide, so that moisture and acid can be eliminated, and the generated amide substance is not an electrochemical active substance. After the electrolyte is injected into the battery, the unreacted additive in the electrolyte can also continuously react with the residual moisture and acid of the non-electrolyte part of the battery, so that the defect that the residual moisture and acid of the non-electrolyte part cannot be eliminated by the traditional electrolyte is overcome. Meanwhile, the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance can avoid the adverse effect caused by adding a strong alkali substance into the electrolyte. Therefore, when the cyano cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is used in a lithium cobalt acid battery, the overcharge and circulation resistance of the lithium cobalt acid battery can be improved, the service life of the battery is prolonged, the thermal stability is improved, and the market demand is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the excellent performance and market demand of the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance, the invention provides the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance and the preparation method thereof.

In one aspect, to achieve the object of the present invention, the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon material provided by the present invention has a structural formula shown in formula (I):

wherein R is₁-R₆May be absent or each independently selected from a hydrogen atom, methyl, ethyl, propyl, ethenyl or propenyl.

Preferably, the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon is one of formula (II), formula (III), formula (IV), formula (V):

in another aspect, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of the above cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon material, comprising the steps of:

(1) after removing water and oxygen, the reaction device is protected by nitrogen, and the fumaric dinitrile is dissolved in an organic solvent and then added into a closed container;

(2) adding unsaturated hydrocarbon into the fumaric dinitrile in the step (1), and stirring for reaction to obtain a reaction crude product;

(3) and then treating and drying the obtained crude product to obtain a reaction finished product.

In the present invention, the organic solvent in the step (1) is one or more of diethyl ether, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, benzene, toluene or acetone, preferably a solvent having a low boiling point, such as dichloromethane, benzene or toluene; more preferably, the organic solvent in step (1) is benzene or toluene.

Preferably, the stirring reaction in the step (2) is carried out in a sealed environment, the reaction pressure is controlled to be 0.1-0.3 Mpa, the reaction temperature is 55-120 ℃, and the reaction time is 6-24 hours.

More preferably, when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon is of formula (II) or formula (V), the reaction temperature in step (2) is 95 ℃ to 105 ℃; when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is represented by the formula (III), the reaction temperature in the step (2) is 55-65 ℃; when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is represented by the formula (IV), the reaction temperature in the step (2) is 75-85 ℃.

Preferably, the molar ratio of the unsaturated hydrocarbon to the fumaronitrile in the step (2) is (1.0-2.5): 1; more preferably, when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is of formula (II), formula (IV) or formula (V), the molar ratio of unsaturated hydrocarbon to fumaronitrile in step (2) is (1.4-1.6): 1, when the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is represented by the formula (III), the molar ratio of the unsaturated hydrocarbon to the fumaronitrile in the step (2) is (1.1-1.3): 1.

further, the treatment of the crude product obtained in the step (3) refers to a crude product drying pretreatment method, and the crude product drying pretreatment method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: after a cyano-group cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance crude product is prepared, placing the reaction solution in an environment with the temperature of-20-0 ℃, cooling and crystallizing to obtain a wet solid substance, performing visual inspection until the volume of the crystallized solid does not increase any more, filtering while the crystallized solid is cold, and performing subsequent drying treatment on the solid;

or the second method: after the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon crude product is prepared, the reaction solution is distilled and concentrated, the low-boiling point solvent is removed to obtain a solid substance, and the subsequent drying treatment is carried out.

Further, the vacuum degree of concentration in the distillation concentration is-0.05 to-0.1 MPa, such as-0.1 MPa, and the temperature is 40 to 60 ℃.

Further, the drying in the step (3) is to place the solid to be dried in a vacuum oven, and dry the solid for 5 to 10 hours at the temperature of 30 ℃ to obtain the finished cyano-ring-shaped unsaturated hydrocarbon substance.

Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of simple process, no introduction of new impurities in the reaction process, low pollution possibility, high purity of the synthesized product, few operation steps in the synthetic process of the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance, almost no loss of raw and auxiliary materials, reduction of yield to a certain extent, high synthetic yield which can reach 70-85%.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a compound of formula (II) prepared by the process of the present invention¹H NMR spectrum;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a compound of formula (III) prepared by the process of the present invention¹H NMR spectrum;

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a compound of formula (III) prepared by the process of the present invention¹³C NMR spectrum.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. It is to be understood that the following description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

The terms "comprises," "comprising," "includes," "including," "has," "having," "contains," "containing," or any other variation thereof, as used herein, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a composition, process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such composition, process, method, article, or apparatus.

When an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is expressed as a range, preferred range, or as a range of upper preferable values and lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value, regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. For example, when a range of "1 to 5" is disclosed, the described range should be interpreted to include the ranges "1 to 4", "1 to 3", "1 to 2 and 4 to 5", "1 to 3 and 5", and the like. When a range of values is described herein, unless otherwise stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof and all integers and fractions within the range. Further, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Examples

Synthesis of cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon species formula (II):

removing water and oxygen from a reaction device, then protecting with nitrogen, dissolving fumaronitrile in toluene, adding into a closed container protected with nitrogen, adding 1, 3-butadiene, adjusting temperature, condensing, refluxing, and stirring for reaction.

The treatment before drying mainly comprises two treatment methods:

the method comprises the following steps: after a cyano-group cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance crude product is obtained through preparation, the reaction solution is placed in an environment with the temperature of minus 20-0 ℃, a wet solid substance is obtained through cooling crystallization, the solid is filtered when the volume of the crystallized solid is not increased through visual inspection, and the solid is subjected to subsequent drying treatment.

The second method comprises the following steps: after the crude product of the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance is prepared, the reaction solution is distilled and concentrated under low pressure, the low boiling point solvent is removed to obtain a solid substance, and the subsequent drying treatment is carried out.

And (3) putting the solid in a vacuum oven, and drying at 30 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain a white solid which is the finished product of the cyano cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance formula (II). By using¹The product was characterized by H NMR and was identified as cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon species of formula (II).

According to the above synthesis method, the invention performs experiments under different conditions for the step (2) of the invention, and the specific experimental conditions and results are shown in the following table:

according to the above experimental results, the following conclusions are mainly drawn:

1. because the synthetic raw materials of the cyano-ring unsaturated hydrocarbon substances are different, the raw material proportion of the most suitable experiment is different. Since fumaronitrile and the product have similar properties and are difficult to remove, the unsaturated hydrocarbon is excessive in the reaction, and the amount depends on the reactivity of the unsaturated hydrocarbon. Excessive excess of unsaturated hydrocarbons increases costs, and too little, makes it difficult to remove the raw material fumaronitrile. The most suitable raw material ratio of the cyano cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substances shown in the formulas (II), (IV) and (V) is 1.5: 1; the most suitable raw material ratio of the cyano cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance shown in the formula (III) is 1.2: 1;

2. methylene chloride is used as a solvent and is less effective than toluene and benzene. The raw material of the fumaronitrile is insoluble in dichloromethane at normal temperature, and the product is soluble in dichloromethane. Toluene and benzene have little influence on the reaction, the boiling point of the benzene is lower, but the toxicity of the toluene is lower, so the toluene is preferably used as the synthetic solvent of the cyano-cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance;

3. in the preparation of the cyano-ring unsaturated hydrocarbon substance, the reaction temperature is low, and even if the reaction pressure is increased and the reaction time is prolonged, the reaction cannot be completed; the reaction temperature is too high, the reaction pressure is higher, the reaction time is longer, the excessive product can further react to generate polymerization, the color of the solution after reaction is transparent yellow, the more the product is polymerized, the deeper the yellow color is, and the purity of the product is influenced. The most suitable reaction temperature of the cyano cyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substances shown in the formulas (II) and (V) is 100 ℃; the most suitable reaction temperature of the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon substance shown in the formula (III) is 60 ℃; the most suitable reaction temperature for the cyanocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon compound of the formula (IV) is 80 ℃.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely exemplary of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.