阅读说明：本技术 小型撬装式废弃物等离子气化熔融处理装置 (Small skid-mounted plasma gasification melting treatment device for waste ) 是由 胡春云 吴家桦 李阳 郭盼 徐莹璐 王毅 陈慧 于 2020-12-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种小型撬装式废弃物等离子气化熔融处理装置,包括卧式等离子气化炉、冷渣斗、喷淋急冷器、布袋除尘器、活性炭箱和引风机；所述气化炉卧式布置,气化炉炉膛内设置有干燥干馏区、氧化还原区和熔渣区、燃烧区,炉体两侧分别设有进料口和烟气出口,底部设有排渣口,炉体壁面上设有等离子炬；排渣口底部连接冷渣斗,烟气出口端连接喷淋急冷器,喷淋急冷器出口端连接布袋除尘器,布袋除尘器的气体出口连接活性炭箱,活性炭箱连接引风机。本发明采用气化燃烧一体化卧式等离子熔融炉,设备数量少,流程简单,满足撬装布置,适应大部分产废企业固体废弃物源头减量化和无害化处置,可大幅降低危险废物储运过程中的风险,容易实现自动化运行。(The invention provides a small skid-mounted waste plasma gasification melting treatment device which comprises a horizontal plasma gasification furnace, a cold slag hopper, a spray quencher, a bag-type dust remover, an activated carbon box and an induced draft fan, wherein the horizontal plasma gasification furnace is connected with the cold slag hopper; the gasification furnace is horizontally arranged, a dry distillation region, an oxidation-reduction region, a slag region and a combustion region are arranged in a hearth of the gasification furnace, a feed inlet and a flue gas outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the furnace body, a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and a plasma torch is arranged on the wall surface of the furnace body; the bottom of the slag discharge port is connected with a cold slag hopper, the outlet end of the flue gas is connected with a spray quencher, the outlet end of the spray quencher is connected with a bag-type dust remover, the gas outlet of the bag-type dust remover is connected with an activated carbon box, and the activated carbon box is connected with a draught fan. The invention adopts the gasification and combustion integrated horizontal plasma melting furnace, has less equipment quantity and simple flow, meets the skid-mounted arrangement, is suitable for the source reduction and harmless disposal of solid wastes of most waste production enterprises, can greatly reduce the risk of dangerous wastes in the storage and transportation process, and is easy to realize automatic operation.)

1. Small-size sled dress formula discarded object plasma gasification melting processing apparatus which characterized in that: comprises a horizontal plasma gasification furnace (3), a slag cooling hopper (4), a spray quencher (6), a bag-type dust remover (7), an activated carbon box (8) and a draught fan (9); the furnace body of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace (3) is horizontally arranged, a feed inlet and a flue gas outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the side wall of the furnace body, a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and a plasma torch (5) is arranged on the wall surface of the furnace body; the inside of a hearth of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace (3) is divided into a drying and dry distillation area, an oxidation-reduction area, a slag area and a combustion area, the drying and dry distillation area is positioned on the side of a feed inlet, the oxidation-reduction area is adjacent to the drying and dry distillation area and is positioned in the area where the plasma torch (5) is positioned, the slag area is adjacent to the drying and dry distillation area and is positioned at the lower end of the oxidation-reduction area, the bottom of the slag area is provided with a slag discharge port, and the combustion area is positioned on the side of a flue gas outlet and is longitudinally adjacent to the drying and;

the cold slag hopper (4) is positioned at the bottom of the slag discharging port;

the flue gas outlet end is connected with a spraying quencher (6), the spraying medium of the spraying quencher (6) is alkali liquor, the outlet end of the spraying quencher (6) is connected with a bag-type dust remover (7), a gas outlet at the upper end of the bag-type dust remover (7) is connected with an activated carbon box (8), and an outlet of the activated carbon box (8) is connected with a draught fan (9);

according to the moving direction of the raw materials entering the hearth, the raw materials enter the hearth from the feeding hole and then enter the drying and dry distillation area, the raw materials enter the redox area after being dried and dry distilled in the drying and dry distillation area, the raw materials undergo redox reaction in the redox area, and the raw materials enter the combustion area for full combustion after the redox reaction; inorganic matters in the raw materials are melted into liquid and flow out of a slag discharge port, and the organic matters in the raw materials are subjected to dry distillation, pyrolysis and oxidation to form high-temperature flue gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor; the flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas purification system, and high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the flue gas outlet and is discharged after purification.

2. A small-sized plasma gasification and melting apparatus for skid-mounted waste according to claim 1, wherein: the feed inlet of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace (3) is connected with a funnel-shaped feed bin (1), and a push feeder (2) is arranged between the feed bin (1) and the feed inlet.

3. A small-sized plasma gasification and melting apparatus for skid-mounted waste according to claim 1, wherein: the top of spraying quencher (6) is connected with lye pump (11), and lye pump (11) are connected with lye tank (10) to can satisfy and continuously spray lye.

4. A small-sized plasma gasification and melting apparatus for skid-mounted waste according to claim 1, wherein: and an air inlet is formed in the horizontal plasma gasification furnace (3) and is used for introducing combustion-supporting air.

5. A small-sized skid-mounted plasma gasification and melting treatment device for wastes as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following working procedures: (a) raw materials enter a stock bin (1), fall from the stock bin (1), and are pushed into a horizontal plasma gasification furnace (3) through a feeding push rod; (b) in the horizontal plasma gasification furnace (3), the raw materials are dried, pyrolyzed and oxidized in sequence; (c) inorganic components in the raw materials form molten slag under the action of the plasma torch (5), and the molten slag is discharged into the cold slag hopper (4) through the slag discharge port; (d) organic components in the raw materials are thoroughly decomposed and combusted to form high-temperature flue gas with the temperature of more than 950 ℃, and the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from a flue gas outlet; (e) then, the high-temperature flue gas enters a spray quencher, the spray quencher sprays alkali liquor on the high-temperature flue gas, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is reduced to below 180 ℃ through spraying, and meanwhile, acid gas removal treatment is carried out; (f) the cooled and deacidified flue gas sequentially enters a bag-type dust collector (7) for dust removal and an activated carbon adsorption box, and is discharged into the atmosphere after entering an exhaust pipe through a draught fan (9) to reach the standard after adsorbing harmful gas.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of melting furnaces for treating solid wastes, in particular to a small skid-mounted plasma gasification melting treatment device for wastes.

Background

The plasma melting disposal technology has the advantages of good solid hazardous waste reduction effect (large slag density), low secondary discharge (thorough decomposition of dioxin precursors), high thermal efficiency, no need of secondary landfill of treated residues and the like, is internationally recognized as the most advanced and thorough harmless disposal technology for various wastes at present, is widely used in developed countries in the west, uses plasma high-temperature gasification devices as key and protective equipment for disposing public health emergency crisis events in modern big cities in some cities, is in the technical demonstration stage at home, and is not applied in a large scale. Although the operation cost is high, the technology is more and more favored by the industry because of excellent environmental protection property, and is more and more used for disposing hazardous wastes with low calorific value and high toxicity.

The waste is various in types, complex in characteristics and huge in harm, and the supervision of waste treatment by national teams is increasingly strict. The state advocates enterprises now to deal with the self-production hazardous waste, and most of the enterprises producing the waste have small output (0.1-1 t/d), and the conventional rotary kiln incineration centralized processing technology is not suitable for the self-construction hazardous waste disposal devices of the enterprises, and the existing plasma gasification device has the disadvantages of complex system, complex process, large investment, large hazardous waste transportation radius, difficult realization of skid-mounted movement and incapability of adapting to a new mode of waste source reduction.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a small skid-mounted plasma gasification and melting treatment device for wastes, which is simple, has high energy efficiency, small occupied area of equipment, saves equipment construction investment, can be moved, and meets a more flexible business model.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

small-size sled dress formula discarded object plasma gasification melting processing apparatus which characterized in that: comprises a horizontal plasma gasification furnace, a slag cooling hopper, a spray quencher, a bag-type dust remover, an activated carbon box and a draught fan; the furnace body of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace is horizontally arranged, a feed inlet and a flue gas outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the side wall of the furnace body, a slag discharging port is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and a plasma torch is arranged on the wall surface of the furnace body; the horizontal plasma gasification furnace is characterized in that a hearth of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace is internally divided into a drying and dry distillation area, a redox area, a slag area and a combustion area, the drying and dry distillation area is positioned on the side of a feed inlet, the redox area is adjacent to the drying and dry distillation area and positioned in the area where a plasma torch is positioned, the slag area is adjacent to the drying and dry distillation area and positioned at the lower end of the redox area, the bottom of the slag area is provided with a slag discharge port, and the combustion area is positioned on the outlet side of flue gas and longitudinally adjacent to the drying and dry distillation area, the;

the cold slag hopper is positioned at the bottom of the slag discharging port;

the flue gas exit end is connected and is sprayed the quencher, and the spray medium that sprays the quencher is alkali lye, and the exit end that sprays the quencher connects the sack cleaner, and the gas outlet connection activated carbon box of sack cleaner upper end, the exit linkage draught fan of activated carbon box.

According to the moving direction of the raw materials entering the hearth, the raw materials enter the hearth from the feeding hole and then enter the drying and dry distillation area, the raw materials enter the redox area after being dried and dry distilled in the drying and dry distillation area, the raw materials undergo redox reaction in the redox area, and the raw materials enter the combustion area for full combustion after the redox reaction; inorganic matters in the raw materials are melted into liquid and flow out of a slag discharge port, and the organic matters in the raw materials are subjected to dry distillation, pyrolysis and oxidation to form high-temperature flue gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor; the flue gas outlet is connected with a flue gas purification system, and high-temperature flue gas is discharged from the flue gas outlet and is discharged after purification.

The feed inlet of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace is connected with a funnel-shaped feed bin, and a feed push rod is arranged between the feed bin and the feed inlet.

The top of spraying the quench cooler is connected with the lye pump, and the lye pump is connected with the lye tank to can satisfy and continuously spray lye.

And an air inlet is formed in the horizontal plasma gasification furnace, and combustion-supporting air is introduced into the horizontal plasma gasification furnace.

In the invention, raw materials fall from a stock bin and are continuously pushed into a horizontal plasma gasification furnace through a feeding push rod, and the raw materials are sequentially dried, pyrolyzed and oxidized in the horizontal plasma gasification furnace; inorganic components in the raw materials form molten slag under the high-temperature action of the plasma torch, and the molten slag is discharged into a cold slag hopper through a slag discharge port; organic components in the raw materials are thoroughly decomposed and combusted to form high-temperature flue gas (the temperature is higher than 950 ℃) which is discharged from a flue gas outlet; discharging the high-temperature flue gas from a flue gas outlet, then feeding the high-temperature flue gas into a spray quencher, spraying alkali liquor on the high-temperature flue gas by the spray quencher, cooling the high-temperature flue gas to below 180 ℃ by spraying, and simultaneously performing acid gas removal treatment; the cooled and deacidified flue gas sequentially enters a bag-type dust collector for dust removal and an activated carbon adsorption box, and is discharged into the atmosphere after entering an exhaust pipe through a draught fan and reaching the standard after adsorbing harmful gases.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention adopts the specially designed gasification and combustion integrated horizontal plasma melting furnace, solves the difficult problem that the vertical furnace is difficult to transport, has less equipment quantity and simple flow, can meet skid-mounted arrangement, is simple to operate and is easy to realize automatic operation;

(2) the invention is a movable skid-mounted system, does not need special capital construction, is flexible and convenient to install and use, can adapt to the source reduction and harmless disposal of solid wastes of most waste producing enterprises, and can greatly reduce the risk of dangerous wastes in the storage and transportation process.

(3) The invention has the advantages of good environmental protection, flexible start and stop and good operation stability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the inner partition of the hearth of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace of the present invention.

Wherein: 1-a storage bin, 2-a push feeder, 3-a horizontal plasma gasification furnace, 4-a cold slag hopper, 5-a plasma torch, 6-a spray quencher, 7-a bag-type dust remover, 8-an activated carbon box, 9-an induced draft fan, 10-an alkali liquor tank and 11-an alkali liquor pump; i-air, II-raw material, III-flue gas, IV-ash and V-slag.

Detailed Description

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1, the small skid-mounted plasma gasification and melting treatment device for waste provided by this embodiment includes a horizontal plasma gasification furnace 3, a cold slag hopper 4, a spray quencher 6, a bag-type dust collector 7, an activated carbon box 8, and an induced draft fan 9.

The furnace body of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace 3 is horizontally arranged, a feed inlet and a flue gas outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the side wall of the furnace body, a slag discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body, and a plasma torch 5 is arranged on the wall surface of the furnace body. As shown in fig. 2, the hearth of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace 3 is divided into a dry distillation region, an oxidation-reduction region, a slag region and a combustion region, the dry distillation region is located on the side of the feed inlet, the oxidation-reduction region is adjacent to the dry distillation region and located in the region of the plasma torch 5, the slag region is adjacent to the dry distillation region and located at the lower end of the oxidation-reduction region, the bottom of the slag region is a slag discharge port, and the combustion region is located on the side of the flue gas outlet and longitudinally adjacent to the dry distillation region, the oxidation-reduction region and the slag region.

The cold slag hopper 4 is positioned at the bottom of the slag discharging port.

The flue gas exit end is connected and is sprayed quencher 6, and the spray medium that sprays quencher 6 is alkali lye, and the exit end that sprays quencher 6 connects sack cleaner 7, and the gas outlet of sack cleaner 7 upper end connects activated carbon box 8, and the exit linkage draught fan 9 of activated carbon box 8.

Example 2

On the basis of the embodiment 1, according to the moving direction of the raw material II entering the hearth, the raw material enters the hearth from the feeding hole and then enters the drying and dry distillation area, the raw material enters the redox area after being dried and dry distilled in the drying and dry distillation area, the redox reaction is carried out in the redox area, and the raw material enters the combustion area for full combustion after the redox reaction; inorganic matters in the raw materials are melted into liquid and flow out of a slag discharge port, and the organic matters in the raw materials are subjected to dry distillation, pyrolysis and oxidation to form high-temperature flue gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor; the flue gas outlet is connected with a spray quencher 6 and a bag-type dust remover 7, the high-temperature flue gas is purified, and the purified flue gas III is discharged.

Example 3

On the basis of the embodiment 1 or 2, the feed inlet of the horizontal plasma gasification furnace 3 is connected with a funnel-shaped storage bin 1, a push feeder 2 is arranged between the storage bin 1 and the feed inlet, and the push feeder 2 pushes the raw materials through a feed push rod.

Example 4

On the basis of any structure of the embodiments 1-3, the top of the spray quencher 6 is connected with an alkali liquor pump 11, and the alkali liquor pump 11 is connected with an alkali liquor tank 10, so that the continuous spraying of alkali liquor can be met.

Example 5

On the basis of any structure of the embodiments 1 to 4, the horizontal plasma gasification furnace 3 is provided with an air inlet into which combustion-supporting air I is introduced.

Aiming at the design in the embodiment, the overall working principle of the invention is as follows:

(1) the raw materials enter a stock bin 1, fall from the stock bin 1 and are pushed into a horizontal plasma gasification furnace 3 through a feeding push rod of a push type feeder 2;

(2) in the horizontal plasma gasification furnace 3, the raw materials are dried, pyrolyzed and oxidized in sequence;

(3) inorganic components in the raw materials form molten slag under the action of the plasma torch 5, the molten slag is discharged into the cold slag hopper 4 through a slag discharge port, the cold slag hopper 4 cools the molten slag, and the cooled slag V is discharged;

(4) organic components in the raw materials are thoroughly decomposed and combusted to form high-temperature flue gas with the temperature of more than 950 ℃, and the high-temperature flue gas is discharged from a flue gas outlet;

(5) then, the high-temperature flue gas enters a spray quencher which sprays alkali liquor on the high-temperature flue gas, and the high-temperature flue gas is rapidly cooled to below 180 ℃ by the alkali liquor in the spray quencher 6 and most of acid gas is removed;

(6) the cooled and deacidified flue gas sequentially enters a bag-type dust collector 7 for dust removal and an active carbon adsorption box, separated ash IV is discharged from the bottom of the bag-type dust collector 7, harmful gas is adsorbed by the active carbon adsorption box, and the flue gas III reaching the standard enters an exhaust pipe through an induced draft fan 9 and is exhausted into the atmosphere.