阅读说明：本技术 一种垃圾热解炉 (Garbage pyrolysis furnace ) 是由 康建雄 姜薇 代维康 于 2020-12-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种垃圾热解炉,属于固废无害化处置技术领域,其整体外形呈圆柱状或矩形体状,内部为连通一体的空腔,顶部设置有烟气出口和进料口,底部设置有灰渣斗和排渣口,在灰渣斗上方设置有炉排和布气器,布气器置于炉排之上,其炉体内腔的高度与横截面积之比为1～2,通过控制炉体的高度与横截面积之比,使得工作时炉体空腔内自下而上能够实现燃烧、热解、干燥三大功能的温度梯度。本发明通过对炉体结构进行更为合理的设计,能最大程度保证各个功能区自发自动的分层,保证了工艺的连续稳定进行。(The invention discloses a garbage pyrolysis furnace, which belongs to the technical field of solid waste harmless disposal, and the garbage pyrolysis furnace is cylindrical or rectangular in overall appearance, a cavity communicated with the inside is arranged in the garbage pyrolysis furnace, a flue gas outlet and a feed inlet are formed in the top of the garbage pyrolysis furnace, a slag hopper and a slag discharge port are formed in the bottom of the garbage pyrolysis furnace, a grate and an air distributor are arranged above the slag hopper, the air distributor is arranged above the grate, the ratio of the height of an inner cavity of the furnace body to the cross-sectional area of the furnace body is 1-2, and the temperature gradient of three functions of combustion, pyrolysis and drying can be realized in the cavity of the furnace body from bottom to top during work by controlling the ratio. The invention can ensure spontaneous and automatic layering of each functional area to the maximum extent by more reasonably designing the structure of the furnace body, and ensures continuous and stable operation of the process.)

1. A garbage pyrolysis furnace is characterized in that the whole appearance of the furnace is rectangular or cylindrical, a cavity communicated with the inside is formed in the furnace, a flue gas outlet and a feed inlet are formed in the top of the furnace, a clinker hopper and a clinker discharging port are formed in the bottom of the furnace, a grate and an air distributor are arranged above the clinker hopper and arranged on the grate, the numerical ratio of the height of an inner cavity of the furnace to the cross section area of the inner cavity of the furnace is 1-2, and the temperature gradient of three functions of combustion, pyrolysis and drying can be realized from bottom to top in the cavity of the furnace during work by controlling the ratio of the height of the furnace to the cross section area,

meanwhile, the material can be controlled to be fully combusted by controlling the ratio of the height to the cross section area, the distribution uniformity and the gas distribution uniformity of the furnace body, and the temperature of a flue gas outlet is lower than 150 ℃, so that the pyrolysis process can be continuously and stably carried out,

the height of the furnace body refers to the height of a cylindrical part or a rectangular part in the furnace body, and the cross-sectional area of the furnace body refers to the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical part or the rectangular part in the furnace body.

2. The garbage pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the height to the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the furnace body is 1 to 1.5.

3. The garbage pyrolysis furnace of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the height to the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the furnace body is 1 to 1.2.

4. The garbage pyrolysis furnace as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a distributor is disposed in the top cavity of the furnace body, the distributor is disposed below the feed inlet, the feed inlet communicates with a pusher above the furnace top, the distance between the distributor and the feed inlet is not less than 50cm, the distributor has a tip with a taper shape, a circle of flow guide rods similar to an umbrella frame is disposed around the tip, the flow guide rods are uniformly distributed around the tip and are inclined downward uniformly, the tip faces the falling direction of the garbage, and is used for forcing the garbage entangled with each other to break through the tip, and the broken garbage is uniformly dispersed downward and around along the flow guide rods.

5. A garbage pyrolysis furnace as claimed in claim 4, wherein the height of the distributor occupying the inner cavity of the furnace is one fifth to one fourth of the total height of the inner cavity of the furnace, the distance from the tip of the distributor to the feed inlet is one eighth to one tenth of the height of the furnace cavity, and the distance from the tip of the distributor to the feed outlet of the pusher is 50cm to 100cm, so as to ensure that the height of the free falling body of the garbage is 50cm to 100 cm.

6. The garbage pyrolysis furnace of claim 5, wherein the top of the furnace body is planar, the feed inlet is arranged in the center of the planar furnace top, and the furnace top is further provided with a two-stage tar removing device, wherein the first-stage tar removing device is a biomass tar removing device, the second-stage tar removing device is an electric tar collecting device, the biomass tar removing device adopts a biomass adsorption mode to remove tar, the cross section area of the biomass tar removing device is large enough to reduce the flow rate of flue gas, and tar and dust can be adsorbed through interception and adsorption.

7. The garbage pyrolysis furnace of claim 6, wherein the gas distributor comprises a plurality of L-shaped gas inlet pipes uniformly distributed at the bottom of the garbage pyrolysis furnace, one end of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe is vertically and upwards parallel to the garbage pyrolysis furnace body, the top of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe is sealed, a nozzle obliquely downwards is arranged on the side wall of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe, and the other end of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe penetrates through the furnace wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace and is vertically led out and communicated with the outside air;

when the furnace body is in operation, the induced draft fan connected with the flue gas outlet at the top of the furnace body is used for exhausting air to enable the inner cavity of the furnace body to be negative pressure, so that external air enters from one end, positioned outside the furnace body, of the L-shaped air inlet pipe, air is uniformly introduced into the inner cavity of the furnace body through the air inlet hole formed in the side wall of one end, positioned inside the furnace body, and the air in the furnace body ascends along with the extraction of the induced draft fan at the top; the design of the inclined downward nozzle is used for preventing ash slag generated by combustion from falling down to block the nozzle.

8. The garbage pyrolysis furnace of claim 7, wherein the flue gas outlet is arranged at one side of the furnace top and is communicated with the two-stage tar removing device.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of harmless treatment of solid wastes, and particularly relates to a garbage pyrolysis furnace.

Background

The conventional domestic garbage treatment modes comprise sanitary landfill, composting and incineration. The sanitary landfill technology has long history and mature process, but occupies large area, and the garbage can be thoroughly treated for a long time, thereby causing large land resource consumption and simultaneously having the problems of soil and water body pollution caused by the leakage of the garbage leachate and the like. The domestic waste compost can utilize the waste resource and convert the waste into the fertilizer, but has higher requirement on the waste raw material, low fertilizer efficiency of the produced fertilizer, limited application range and other industrial limitations. The garbage incineration can carry out maximum decrement treatment on the household garbage, and the household garbage is converted into pollution-free components such as carbon dioxide, water, inorganic ash and the like, but pollutants and toxic substances such as sulfide, nitrogen oxide, dioxin and the like are also easily generated.

The garbage pyrolysis treatment technology is a heat treatment mode which can replace a garbage incineration technology and realize large-scale harmless reduction of garbage, household garbage is converted into pyrolysis gas (oil) and residual carbon which are composed of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, low-molecular organic matters and the like through pyrolysis reaction in an oxygen-free environment, and the pyrolysis gas (oil) and the residual carbon are further combusted and are thoroughly oxidized into carbon dioxide and water. The pyrolysis reaction avoids direct incomplete combustion of chlorine-containing high-molecular organic matters, and can effectively reduce the generation of toxic gases such as dioxin and the like. However, the pyrolysis reaction is endothermic and requires an oxygen-free or oxygen-limited environment, and most pyrolysis equipment cannot achieve completely closed, oxygen-free/oxygen-limited environment and sufficient heat supply at the same time, so that the pyrolysis treatment effect is not ideal.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new continuous and stable garbage pyrolysis furnace to solve the problems of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a garbage pyrolysis furnace, which can ensure that garbage raw materials and each functional area are automatically layered or generated to the maximum extent by designing a furnace body into a cavity shape as a whole, particularly matching with the ratio of the height to the cross-sectional area of the furnace body and combining with the design of a distributor, and the layered thickness structure is very reasonable, thereby ensuring the continuous and stable process.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a garbage pyrolysis furnace, which is cylindrical or rectangular in overall appearance, a cavity communicated with the inside is arranged inside, a flue gas outlet and a feed inlet are arranged at the top, a clinker hopper and a clinker outlet are arranged at the bottom, a grate and an air distributor are arranged above the clinker hopper, the air distributor is arranged above the grate, the ratio of the height to the cross-sectional area of an inner cavity of the furnace body is 1-2, and the temperature gradient of three functions of combustion, pyrolysis and drying can be realized from bottom to top in the cavity of the furnace body during work by controlling the ratio of the height to the cross-sectional area of the furnace body,

meanwhile, the material can be controlled to be fully combusted by controlling the ratio of the height to the cross section area, the distribution uniformity and the gas distribution uniformity of the furnace body, and the temperature of a flue gas outlet is lower than 150 ℃, so that the pyrolysis process can be continuously and stably carried out,

the height of the furnace body refers to the height of a cylindrical part or a rectangular part in the furnace body, and the cross-sectional area of the furnace body refers to the cross-sectional area of the cylindrical part or the rectangular part in the furnace body.

Furthermore, the ratio of the height of the inner cavity of the furnace body to the cross-sectional area is 1 to 1.5.

Furthermore, the ratio of the height of the inner cavity of the furnace body to the cross-sectional area is 1 to 1.2.

Furthermore, a distributing device is arranged in a top cavity of the furnace body, the distributing device is arranged below the feeding hole, the feeding hole is communicated with a material pushing device above the furnace top, the distance between the distributing device and the feeding hole is not less than 50cm, the distributing device is provided with a tip which is in a taper shape, the periphery of the tip is provided with guide rods similar to an umbrella framework, the guide rods are uniformly distributed around the tip and are uniformly inclined downwards, the tip is just opposite to the falling direction of the garbage, the waste which is mutually entangled into a group is forced to be broken through the tip, and the broken garbage is uniformly dispersed downwards and around along the guide rods.

Furthermore, the height of the distributor occupying the cavity in the furnace is one fifth to one fourth of the total height of the cavity in the furnace, the distance from the tip of the distributor to the feed inlet is one eighth to one tenth of the height of the furnace cavity, and the distance from the tip of the distributor to the feed outlet of the pusher is 50 cm-100 cm, so as to ensure that the height of the free falling body of the garbage is 50 cm-100 cm.

Further, the top of furnace body is planar, and the feed inlet setting still is provided with the two-stage and removes tar device at planar furnace roof center, and wherein first order tar removal device removes tar device for the biomass, and second level tar removal device is the electrical tar, and biomass removes tar device adopts the biomass adsorption mode to detach tar, and its cross sectional area is enough big enough to reduce the flue gas velocity of flow, can also adsorb tar and dust through interception and adsorption.

Furthermore, the gas distributor consists of a plurality of L-shaped gas inlet pipes which are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the garbage pyrolysis furnace, one end of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe is vertically and upwards parallel to the furnace body of the garbage pyrolysis furnace, the top of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe is sealed, a nozzle which is inclined downwards is arranged on the side wall of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe, and the other end of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe penetrates through the furnace wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace to be vertically led out and is communicated with the outside; when the furnace body is in operation, the induced draft fan connected with the flue gas outlet at the top of the furnace body is used for exhausting air to enable the inner cavity of the furnace body to be negative pressure, so that external air enters from one end, positioned outside the furnace body, of the L-shaped air inlet pipe, air is uniformly introduced into the inner cavity of the furnace body through the air inlet hole formed in the side wall of one end, positioned inside the furnace body, and the air in the furnace body ascends along with the extraction of the induced draft fan at the top; the design of the inclined downward nozzle is used for preventing ash slag generated by combustion from falling down to block the nozzle.

Furthermore, the smoke outlet is arranged on one side of the furnace top and communicated with the two-stage tar removing device.

In the invention, the pyrolysis furnace with the gradient temperature change does not have an independent combustion chamber, and only the material layer in the bottom area is in the combustion area. The gradient temperature-changing pyrolysis furnace is not provided with a strict pyrolysis chamber or a combustion chamber, and is a cavity communicated into a whole, and the drying zone, the pyrolysis zone and the combustion zone can be reasonably divided automatically and spontaneously in a controllable manner due to the fact that the height and the cross-sectional area ratio are controlled and the optimal design of feeding and distributing on the space is combined. The bottom of the low-temperature furnace is provided with a fire grate, an air distributor is arranged above the fire grate, the fire grate comprises a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer and a combustion layer from top to bottom, and an ash layer and a slag discharging layer are arranged below the fire grate. The materials after the complete reaction of the combustion layer are inorganic ash and slag, the ash and slag enter the ash and slag layer after passing through the fire grate, the bottommost part of the material is provided with a slag hole, and the ash and slag in the furnace are discharged from the slag hole.

Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

on the whole, the pyrolysis furnace is a closed integrated cavity, materials can be spontaneously kept in a stable upper-layer structure and a stable lower-layer structure by controlling the height-diameter ratio of the furnace body without forcibly separating the furnace chamber by using members or structures, the problem of garbage accumulation in the furnace due to low pyrolysis and oxygen-controlled combustion speed is avoided, and the problem that the garbage falls into a pyrolysis and oxygen-controlled combustion area suddenly due to insufficient drying is avoided. Due to the fact that the height-diameter ratio is reasonable, stable segmented layering of materials in the vertical direction is guaranteed to the maximum extent by further optimizing the positions and structures of the distributing device and the feeding hole, meanwhile, the airtightness of the furnace body is guaranteed, stable and continuous anaerobic or oxygen-limited pyrolysis and combustion are achieved through the design, and the continuous and stable anaerobic or oxygen-limited pyrolysis and combustion are the basis for real application of the furnace body which can be put into practical engineering.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a furnace body in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Most of the existing garbage pyrolysis processes cannot run continuously and stably for a long time, because: generally, the pyrolysis process requires that materials are divided into a plurality of parts such as drying, pyrolysis and combustion for step-by-step reaction, and in order to enable the materials in the furnace to be divided into a plurality of sections for sequential reaction, most pyrolysis furnaces adopt a batch-by-batch, grid-divided cavity or other modes and are fed or operated discontinuously in stages.

The invention is designed and created with pertinence after the problem existing at present is scientifically and effectively analyzed and the real reason of the problem is found out.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a furnace body structure in an embodiment of the invention, and it can be seen from the figure that the overall shape of the garbage pyrolysis furnace is cylindrical, the interior of the garbage pyrolysis furnace is a cavity communicated with one another, the top of the garbage pyrolysis furnace is provided with a flue gas outlet 1 and a flue gas inlet 7, the bottom of the garbage pyrolysis furnace is provided with a clinker hopper 5 and a clinker outlet 6, a grate 9 and an air distribution chamber 10 are arranged above the clinker hopper, the air distribution chamber 10 is arranged below the grate 9, the ratio of the height and the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the furnace body is 1-2, the preferred ratio of the height and the cross-sectional area of the inner cavity of the furnace body is 1-1.5, and the optimal ratio of the. A distributing device is arranged in a top cavity of a furnace body, the distributing device is arranged below a feed inlet, the feed inlet is communicated with a material pushing device above a furnace top, the distance between the distributing device and the feed inlet is not less than 50cm, the distributing device is provided with a tip which is in a taper shape, the periphery of the tip is provided with guide rods similar to an umbrella framework, a plurality of guide rods are uniformly distributed around the tip and are uniformly inclined downwards, the tip is just opposite to the falling direction of garbage, the material pushing device is used for breaking the garbage which is mutually entangled into clusters through the tip and applies force, and the broken garbage is uniformly dispersed downwards and around along the guide rods. The height of the distributor occupying the cavity in the furnace is one fifth to one fourth of the total height of the cavity in the furnace, the distance from the tip of the distributor to the feed inlet is one eighth to one tenth of the height of the furnace cavity, and the distance from the tip of the distributor to the discharge port of the pusher is 50 cm-100 cm, so that the height of free falling bodies of garbage is 50 cm-100 cm. The top of furnace body is planar, and the feed inlet setting still is provided with the two-stage and removes tar device at planar furnace roof central authorities, and wherein first order tar removal device removes tar device for the biomass, and second level tar removal device is the electrical tar, and biomass removes tar device and adopts the biomass adsorption mode to detach tar, and its cross sectional area is enough big enough to reduce the flue gas velocity of flow, can also adsorb tar and dust through interception and adsorption. The gas distributor is composed of a plurality of L-shaped gas inlet pipes which are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the garbage pyrolysis furnace, one end of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe is vertically and upwards parallel to the garbage pyrolysis furnace body, the top of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe is sealed, a nozzle which is obliquely arranged downwards is arranged on the side wall of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe, and the other end of each L-shaped gas inlet pipe penetrates through the furnace wall of the garbage pyrolysis furnace to be vertically led out and is communicated with the. When the furnace body is in operation, the induced draft fan connected with the flue gas outlet at the top of the furnace body is used for exhausting air to enable the inner cavity of the furnace body to be negative pressure, so that external air enters from one end, positioned outside the furnace body, of the L-shaped air inlet pipe, air is uniformly introduced into the inner cavity of the furnace body through the air inlet hole formed in the side wall of one end, positioned inside the furnace body, and the air in the furnace body ascends along with the extraction of the induced draft fan at the top; the design of the inclined downward nozzle is used for preventing ash slag generated by combustion from falling down to block the nozzle. The flue gas outlet is arranged at one side of the furnace top and communicated with the two-stage tar removing device.

In the invention, by controlling the height-diameter ratio of the furnace body, the furnace chamber with the communicated and integrated interior can be naturally divided into the drying layer 2, the pyrolysis layer 3 and the combustion layer 4 during working, moreover, the drying layer accounts for one fifth to one fourth of the height of the whole furnace chamber, the pyrolysis layer accounts for one fifth to one fourth of the height of the whole furnace chamber, and the combustion layer accounts for one tenth to one eighth of the height of the whole furnace chamber, so that the continuous and stable operation of the pyrolysis process can be realized, wherein the height of the furnace body refers to the height of the cylindrical part in the furnace body, and the diameter of the furnace body refers to the inner diameter of the cylindrical part in the furnace body.

In the invention, the whole furnace body of the pyrolysis furnace is columnar, and the furnace body is a hollow cavity with a larger height-diameter ratio. The top feed inlet of the pyrolysis furnace adopts a compression continuous feeding device, such as a pusher for continuously conveying garbage raw materials into the furnace body. Rubbish moves down along the furnace body, and is piled up in the furnace chamber successive layer, because it is less to compare the high furnace chamber cross section of furnace body, consequently the material is very easy evenly to pile up the one deck to take place local collapse easily, divide into drying layer, pyrolytic reaction layer in height according to temperature variation. The material is dried and then pyrolyzed. The temperature of the garbage raw materials is changed in a gradient manner from top to bottom, the temperature of the uppermost drying layer is lowest, the temperature of the middle pyrolysis reaction layer close to the lower part is gradually increased, and the temperature of the lowermost combustion layer is highest. Along the height direction of the pyrolysis furnace, from top to bottom, the temperature in the furnace is in gradient change according to different functional layers, and the pyrolysis furnace is a pyrolysis furnace with gradient temperature change. In the low-temperature furnace, solid-phase materials move from top to bottom, and gas-phase materials move from bottom to top. The main combustion materials of the combustion layer are carbon residue and partial incompletely-reacted garbage, gas-phase products generated by pyrolysis are discharged from an upper gas outlet, and then are subjected to tar removal and then enter a secondary combustion chamber, and complete combustion reaction is realized in the separate secondary combustion chamber. In this process, the waste is converted into two parts, namely a gas phase (including water, pyrolysis gas, tar and other inert components) and a solid phase (residual carbon generated by pyrolysis and inorganic components which do not react) through a pyrolysis reaction. The gas phase is further completely combusted in the combustion chamber, the solid phase is completely combusted in the combustion area, and the slag is discharged out of the pyrolysis furnace from a discharge hole below the combustion chamber.

One of the improvements of the invention is that the drying, the pyrolysis and the combustion are integrated in one furnace body, and the design of the height-diameter ratio ensures that the three processes can be matched and smoothly carried out, so that the pyrolysis and the combustion can not be smoothly carried out due to the incomplete drying, and the treatment efficiency is too slow or the combustion can not be smoothly carried out due to the insufficient treatment capacity of the pyrolysis and the combustion processes. Due to the design, the occupied space of the furnace body is saved, and the heat of garbage pyrolysis can be utilized to the maximum extent.

One of the key improvements of the invention is the height-diameter ratio of the furnace body and the arrangement position of the distributing device, the inlet of the furnace body is smaller, the furnace body is pushed and pushed into the furnace through compression and compaction, the inlet of the furnace body is sealed, oxygen or air is prevented from entering the furnace, the ratio of the height of the inner cavity of the furnace body to the cross-sectional area is 1-2, the height of the furnace body is ensured to be a set multiple of the inner diameter of the furnace body, and the garbage can be gradually dried, pyrolyzed and combusted in a layered manner by matching with the design of process parameters such as the distribution design, the feeding design and the like. If the relative furnace body of furnace body diameter is high undersize, then the technology throughput of burning link is not enough, and the burning can be insufficient, and the emission can not reach standard, if the furnace body diameter is highly too big for the furnace body, probably causes drying and pyrolysis insufficient, and the pollution emission of burning is more.

In fact, some furnace bodies on the market are also integrated with drying, pyrolysis and combustion in one furnace body, but in actual engineering practice, the continuous stability of the process is found to be insufficient, slag or tail gas is unqualified occasionally, or the problem of large fluctuation of furnace body parameters is actually caused by unreasonable heights of a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer and a combustion layer. An excessively small height-diameter ratio can cause that materials are difficult to form horizontal layering, and the materials cannot be distributed in a layering manner due to nonuniform reaction in the horizontal direction; the too large height-diameter ratio can cause gas flow, the movement of solid materials is blocked, the retention time of the materials is too long, the utilization efficiency of the space in the furnace is low, and meanwhile, the practicability of the furnace is poor (the furnace is like a chimney, the practical problems of large construction difficulty, difficult feeding, difficult processing and the like).

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.