阅读说明：本技术 一种用于垃圾低温灰化的组合物、方法和生物舱 (Composition and method for low-temperature incineration of garbage and biological cabin ) 是由 黑木强 佐野基 国松新 于 2020-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于垃圾低温灰化的复合物或组合物,属于垃圾灰化处理领域。所述复合物或组合物中含有放射性同位素、铂族元素、碱土金属元素和稀土元素,其中,所述放射性同位素优选为~3H；所述铂族元素优选为Ru；所述碱土金属元素优选为Mg；所述稀土元素优选为选自Sm、Eu、Gd中的一种或多种。本发明进一步公开了一种用于垃圾低温灰化的生物舱,包括腔体,腔体的内涂层含有上述组合物和复合物。利用本发明在进行垃圾低温灰化时,无需高温,能耗较低,有利于资源合理利用,并有利于环境保护。(The invention discloses a compound or a composition for low-temperature incineration of garbage, belonging to the field of garbage incineration treatment. The compound or the composition contains radioactive isotopes, platinum group elements, alkaline earth metal elements and rare earth elements, wherein the radioactive isotopes are preferably the radioactive isotopes 3 H; the platinum group element is preferably Ru; the alkaline earth metal element is preferably Mg; the rare earth element is preferably one or more selected from Sm, Eu and Gd. The invention is further disclosedA biological cabin for low-temperature incineration of garbage is disclosed, which comprises a cavity, wherein the inner coating of the cavity contains the composition and the compound. When the method is used for low-temperature incineration of garbage, high temperature is not needed, the energy consumption is low, reasonable utilization of resources is facilitated, and environmental protection is facilitated.)

1. A compound or a composition for low-temperature incineration of garbage is characterized by containing radioactive isotopes, platinum group elements, alkaline earth metal elements and rare earth elements,

preferably, the radioisotope is³H；

Preferably, the platinum group element is Ru;

preferably, the alkaline earth metal element is Mg;

preferably, the rare earth element is selected from one or more of Sm, Eu and Gd.

2. The composite or composition of claim 1, wherein the platinum group elements, alkaline earth elements, and rare earth elements comprise the composite or composition in the form of their oxides or salts.

3. The compound or composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass parts of the elements are: 0.1-0.5 part of radioactive isotope, 1-2 parts of platinum group element, 2-5 parts of alkaline earth metal element and 2-10 parts of rare earth element.

4. The compound or composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass parts of the elements are: 0.2 part of radioactive isotope, 2 parts of platinum group elements, 3 parts of alkaline earth elements and 7 parts of rare earth elements.

5. A biological chamber for low temperature incineration of waste comprising an incineration chamber, said chamber comprising a sealable inlet port, an outlet port at the top of the chamber for the discharge of flue gases and a sealable outlet port at the lower side of the chamber, wherein said inner surface coating of the chamber comprises a compound or composition according to claim 1.

6. The biological capsule according to claim 4, wherein said coating is prepared from the compound or composition of claim 1.

7. The biological capsule according to claim 4, further comprising a heating device.

8. The method for low-temperature incineration of garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, placing the garbage in a closed action field formed by the compound or the composition of claim 1 to form a low-temperature ashing system;

and S2, heating the low-temperature ashing system, and performing molecular or atomic change on the garbage in the closed action field to finally finish the ashing process.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the molecular or atomic change comprises molecular bond breaking, molecular isomerization, molecular polymerization, or atomic recombination.

10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the action field is a magnetic field, preferably a radiation field.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of garbage ashing treatment, and particularly relates to a composition and a method for low-temperature garbage ashing and a biological cabin.

Background

In recent years, a large amount of domestic garbage generated in daily life seriously pollutes the living environment, and has the characteristics of large garbage amount, complex garbage types, less recyclable resources and the like, so that the treatment difficulty is high, and the treatment cost is high.

The existing domestic garbage treatment modes at home and abroad mainly comprise the following four modes: the landfill method is characterized in that the operation is simple, most types of garbage can be treated, but the landfill method has the defects of large floor area, serious secondary pollution and the like. The composting method is characterized in that the cost is low, but the composting method can only treat the living garbage of biomass, has narrow application range and long treatment period, and methane gas generated by garbage fermentation is not only a fire hazard and an explosion hidden danger, but also can generate a greenhouse effect when being discharged into the atmosphere and can generate unpleasant peculiar smell. Thirdly, a burning method is used for burning the garbage to achieve the purposes of volume reduction, weight reduction and harmlessness, and simultaneously, the heat generated in the burning process can be recycled, but auxiliary energy sources such as electric power, fuel oil and the like are required to be added during burning; if the burning condition is not properly controlled, carcinogenic substances such as dioxin and the like can be generated, the problem of smoke pollution exists, and the equipment investment is huge. And fourthly, the high-temperature cracking method mainly adopts an external heating type heating method, so that the energy consumption in the heating process is high, the recycling property of the cracked product is poor, the resource level is low, the recycling benefit is not obvious, and secondary pollution to the environment is easy to generate.

The methods have limitations and risks of secondary pollution, and have low resource recovery rate and unobvious benefits in the treatment process, and the treatment process needs more external power.

Ashing is another method for treating garbage, but a high-temperature ashing method is generally adopted at present. High-temperature ashing can also cause decomposition of partial mineral substances in ash and volatilization of alkali metals while oxidizing organic matters, and energy consumption is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a low-temperature ashing garbage treatment technology, and in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a compound or a composition for low-temperature incineration of garbage, which contains radioactive isotopes, platinum group elements, alkaline earth metal elements and rare earth elements.

In the invention, the ashing is a process for cracking and atom recombination of organic matters and inorganic high molecular polymers.

In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the radioisotope is³H；

Platinum group elements, also known as platinum group metals. Comprises six metal elements of ruthenium (Ru), rhodium (Rh), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), iridium (Ir) and platinum (Pt).

In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the platinum group element is Ru, which is an excellent catalyst commonly used in hydrogenation, isomerization, oxidation, and reforming reactions.

The alkaline earth metal is a group IIA element in the periodic table of elements and comprises six elements of beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba) and radium (Ra). The covalent electronic configuration of the alkaline earth metal is ns². The electrons are volatilized in chemical reaction to form + 2-valent cations, and strong reducibility is shown.

In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the alkaline earth element is. Mg is one of the lightest structural metal materials, and has the advantages of high specific strength and specific rigidity, good damping property and machinability, easy recovery and the like.

Rare earth elements include lanthanides, lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), and the elements closely related to lanthanides, yttrium (Y) and scandium (Sc), 17 elements in total. Most rare earth elements exhibit paramagnetism. Gadolinium is more ferromagnetic at 0 ℃ than iron. Terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium and the like also show ferromagnetism at low temperature, and the low melting points of lanthanum and cerium and the high vapor pressures of samarium, europium and ytterbium show that the physical properties of rare earth metals are greatly different. The thermal neutron absorption cross section of samarium, europium and yttrium is larger than that of cadmium and boron which are widely used as nuclear reactor control materials.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the rare earth element is selected from one or more of Sm, Eu, Gd.

In some embodiments of the invention, the platinum group elements, alkaline earth elements, and rare earth elements comprise the composite or composition in the form of their oxides or salts.

In some embodiments of the invention, each metal is present in the form of a complex metal oxide. In some embodiments of the invention, the platinum group metal nanoparticles are supported on the alkaline earth metal and the rare earth metal after they form the composite metal oxide.

In the present invention, the method for producing the composite metal oxide includes a liquid phase method and a solid phase method.

Wherein the liquid phase method includes but is not limited to freeze drying method, coprecipitation method, hydrothermal method, sol-gel method, and microemulsion method. The solid phase method includes, but is not limited to, a high temperature solid phase method, a low temperature solid phase method, a high temperature ball milling method, and a mechanical (wet) solid phase chemical reaction method.

In some embodiments of the invention, the composite metal oxide is prepared using a co-precipitation method. The coprecipitation method is a method in which a precipitant is added to a solution containing a plurality of cations, at least one of which is a rare earth metal ion, and then all the ions are completely precipitated. In some embodiments of the invention, the precipitating agent is ammonia.

In other embodiments of the present invention, the composite metal oxide is thus prepared using a hydrothermal process. The hydrothermal method is a method for preparing nanoparticles by using gaseous water or liquid water as a reaction system and performing related chemical reactions at high temperature and high pressure in a specific closed reactor (autoclave). Under the hydrothermal condition, the ionic reaction and the hydrolysis reaction can be accelerated and promoted, so that certain thermodynamic reactions with low reaction speed under normal temperature and normal pressure can realize rapid reaction under the hydrothermal condition. The hydrothermal reaction comprises the following steps: hydrothermal oxidation, hydrothermal reduction, hydrothermal precipitation, hydrothermal decomposition, hydrothermal crystallization, and the like.

In some embodiments of the present invention, after forming a composite metal oxide from Mg and a rare earth metal by hydrothermal reduction, Ru is supported to obtain Mg-rare earth composite oxide-supported Ru nanoparticles.

Further, the mass parts of the elements are as follows: 0.1-0.5 part of radioactive isotope, 1-2 parts of platinum group element, 2-5 parts of alkaline earth metal element and 2-10 parts of rare earth element.

Furthermore, the mass parts of the elements are as follows: 0.2 part of radioactive isotope, 2 parts of platinum group elements, 3 parts of alkaline earth elements and 7 parts of rare earth elements.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a biological chamber for low-temperature incineration of garbage, which comprises an incineration chamber, wherein the chamber comprises a feed inlet capable of being sealed, an air outlet positioned at the top of the chamber and used for discharging flue gas, and an ash outlet capable of being sealed and positioned at the lower part of the side edge of the chamber, and the inner surface coating of the chamber comprises the compound or the composition disclosed by the first aspect of the invention.

Further, the coating is prepared from the compound or composition according to the first aspect of the invention.

In some embodiments of the invention, the feed inlet and the ash outlet are one and the same, i.e. the same opening is used for feeding and ash removal.

In some embodiments of the invention, the biological compartment further comprises a heating device.

The third aspect of the invention provides a method for low-temperature incineration of garbage, which comprises the following steps:

s1, placing the garbage in a closed action field formed by the compound or the composition of the first aspect of the invention to form a low-temperature ashing system;

and S2, heating the low-temperature ashing system, and performing molecular or atomic change on the garbage in the closed action field to finally finish the ashing process.

Further, the molecular or atomic change includes molecular bond cleavage, molecular isomerization, molecular polymerization, and atomic recombination.

Further, the action field is a magnetic field, preferably, a radiation field, or the like.

In the coating of the biological cabin, some elements have radioactivity to generate radioactive particles, some elements have magnetism after being heated to generate a magnetic field, some elements become magnets under the action of the magnetic field to generate heat, and some elements can generate nuclear reaction to generate nuclear radiation after absorbing rays. Under the combined action of the radiation field, the magnetic field, the thermal radiation field and the nuclear radiation field, the garbage starts to be ashed. Specifically, firstly, under the combined action of various action fields, molecular bonds of organic macromolecules or inorganic polymers are broken, and then a series of reactions such as molecular isomerization, micromolecule polymerization, atom recombination and the like are carried out, so that the ashing process is finally completed.

In the invention, the garbage is organic garbage or inorganic high molecular polymer garbage.

In some embodiments of the invention, during ashing, fumes are generated. In some embodiments of the invention, the flue gas includes, but is not limited to, CO, H₂、CO₂、CH₄、SO₂、NO_XAnd H₂O。

The invention has the advantages of

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention can separate the mineral from the organic matter while processing the organic matter in the garbage, and can keep the basic form of the mineral, thereby effectively processing the garbage.

When the invention is used for treating garbage, high temperature is not needed, the energy consumption is lower, and the reasonable utilization of resources is facilitated.

The invention treats the organic garbage, the final ash content is as low as less than 5 percent of the original quality, the effective treatment of the garbage is realized, and the invention is beneficial to environmental protection.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the results of low temperature incineration of waste using the bio-module of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments.

Examples

The following examples are used herein to demonstrate preferred embodiments of the invention. It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques discovered by the inventor to function in the invention, and thus can be considered to constitute preferred modes for its practice. Those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs and the disclosures and references cited herein and the materials to which they refer are incorporated by reference.

Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

The experimental procedures in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The instruments used in the following examples are, unless otherwise specified, laboratory-standard instruments; the test materials used in the following examples were purchased from a conventional biochemical reagent store unless otherwise specified.

Example 1 a composition for low temperature ashing

This example provides a composition for low temperature ashing of waste comprising³H, and Ru-loaded Mg-Eu composite metal oxide. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,³H. the mass parts of Ru, Mg and Eu are 0.1, 1, 3 and 8 respectively.

Magnesium nitrate hexahydrate Mg (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O and europium sulfate hexahydrate Eu₂(SO4)₃·6H₂Directly mixing O, adding 100mL of deionized water for dissolving, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 0.6 mol/L; 50mL of urea CO (NH) was added with stirring₂)₂) The solution (concentration 3.96mol/L) was added and the mixture was transferred to a 250mL hydrothermal kettle while being mixed³H, crystallizing at 100 ℃ for 24 hours; after cooling to room temperature, the solid product was filtered with deionized water, washed, and dried at 110 ℃ for 12 h. Taking 1g of dry powder, placing the powder in a conical flask, vacuumizing the conical flask for 20min, and adding 2.3mL of 88.3mmol/L RuCl₃And standing the aqueous solution overnight, introducing high-purity hydrogen into the obtained solid in a tubular furnace at 350 ℃ to reduce for 3h, and then preparing the Mg-Eu composite metal oxide supported Ru.

Example 2 another composition for low temperature ashing

This example provides another composition for low temperature ashing of waste comprising³H, and a Ru-loaded Mg-Gd composite metal oxide. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,³H. the mass parts of Ru, Mg and Gd are 0.2, 2, 3 and 6 respectively.

Mixing Mg (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O and GdCl_3·6H₂Directly mixing O, adding 100mL of deionized water for dissolving, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 0.6 mol/L; 50mL of urea CO (NH) was added with stirring₂)₂) The solution (concentration 3.96mol/L) was added and the mixture was transferred to a 250mL hydrothermal kettle while being mixed³H, crystallizing at 100 ℃ for 24 hours; after cooling to room temperature, the solid product was filtered with deionized water, washed, and dried at 110 ℃ for 12 h. Taking 1g of dry powder, placing the powder in a conical flask, vacuumizing the conical flask for 20min, and adding 2.3mL of 88.3mmol/L RuCl₃And (3) standing the aqueous solution overnight, and introducing high-purity hydrogen into the obtained solid in a 350 ℃ tubular furnace to reduce for 3 hours to obtain the Mg-Gd composite metal oxide loaded Ru.

Example 3 yet another composite for Low temperature ashing

This example provides a composition for low temperature ashing of waste comprising³H, and a Ru-loaded Mg-Sm composite metal oxide. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,³H. the mass parts of Ru, Mg and Sm are 0.2, 2, 3 and 6 respectively.

Mixing Mg (NO)₃)₂·6H₂O and Sm (NO)₃)₃·6H₂Directly mixing O, adding 100mL of deionized water for dissolving, wherein the total concentration of metal ions is 0.6 mol/L; 50mL of urea CO (NH) was added with stirring₂)₂) The solution (concentration 3.96mol/L) was added and the mixture was transferred to a 250mL hydrothermal kettle while being mixed³H, crystallizing at 100 ℃ for 24 hours; after cooling to room temperature, the solid product was filtered with deionized water, washed, and dried at 110 ℃ for 12 h. Taking 1g of dry powder, placing the powder in a conical flask, vacuumizing the conical flask for 20min, and adding 2.3mL of 88.3mmol/L RuCl₃And standing the aqueous solution overnight, and introducing high-purity hydrogen into the obtained solid in a 350 ℃ tubular furnace to reduce the solid for 3 hours to obtain the Mg-Sm composite metal oxide loaded Ru.

Example 4 a composition for Low temperature ashing

This example provides a composition for low temperature ashing of waste comprising³H. Ru, Mg, Sm, Eu and Gd, the Ru, Mg, Sm, Eu and Gd respectively constitute the composition in the form of their oxides, namely: ru₂O₃、MgO、Sm₂O₃And Eu₂O₃. Wherein the mass parts of 3H, Ru, Mg, Sm, Eu and Gd are 0.2, 2, 3 and 2 respectively.

Example 5 Another composition for Low temperature ashing

This example provides another composition for low temperature ashing of waste comprising³H. Ru, Mg, Sm, Eu and Gd, the Ru, Mg, Sm, Eu and Gd respectively constituting the composition in the form of salts, in this example, (NH)₄)₂RuCl₆、MgSO₄、Sm(NO₃)₃·6H₂O、Eu₂(SO4)₃·6H₂O and GdCl_3·6H₂And O. Wherein the mass parts of 3H, Ru, Mg, Sm, Eu and Gd are 0.2, 2, 3 and 2 respectively.

Example 6 Biochamber for Low temperature Ash

The embodiment provides a biological cabin for low-temperature garbage incineration, which comprises an incineration cavity, wherein the incineration cavity comprises a feed inlet capable of being sealed, an air outlet positioned at the top of the cavity and used for discharging flue gas, and an ash outlet positioned at the lower part of the side edge of the cavity and capable of being sealed. In this embodiment, part of the bio-tank feed inlet and the ash outlet are the same. The bio-capsule further comprises a heating system for initiating the ashing reaction.

Coatings for cavities were prepared using the composites of examples 1-3 and the compositions of examples 4-5, respectively, resulting in 5 different biological compartments, namely biological compartment 1, biological compartment 2, biological compartment 3, biological compartment 4 and biological compartment 5.

When in use, the garbage is firstly placed in the biological cabin, then the biological cabin is heated to about 400 ℃, and then the low-temperature ashing process can be started. In the coating of the biological cabin, some elements have radioactivity to generate radioactive particles, some elements have magnetism after being heated to generate a magnetic field, some elements become magnets under the action of the magnetic field to generate heat, and some elements can generate nuclear reaction to generate nuclear radiation after absorbing rays. Under the combined action of the radiation field, the magnetic field, the thermal radiation field and the nuclear radiation field, the garbage starts to be ashed. Specifically, firstly, under the combined action of various action fields, molecular bonds of organic macromolecules or inorganic polymers are broken, and then a series of reactions such as molecular isomerization, micromolecule polymerization, atom recombination and the like are carried out, so that the ashing process is finally completed. In the process, flue gas is generated, and the flue gas mainly contains CO and H₂、CO₂、CH₄、SO₂、NO_X、H₂O, and the like.

Example 7 use of biological Chambers in waste treatment

500 jin of organic garbage (perishable garbage) and 100 jin of plastic products were selected and put into each biological cabin in example 6 and a conventional high-temperature ashing furnace respectively according to the above method for ashing, and the ashing results are shown in table 1 and fig. 1. The ashing quantity is calculated according to the following formula:

wherein X is the mass percentage of ash content of the ashed substance; m is₁Is the mass of the ashed material; m is₂Is the substance of the ashed substanceAmount of the compound (A).

Table 1 ashing results of organic waste and plastic articles after low temperature ashing.

Therefore, the biological cabin has higher ashing efficiency, and can save energy and provide resource utilization rate.

All documents referred to herein are incorporated by reference into this application as if each were individually incorporated by reference. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above teachings of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.