阅读说明：本技术 一种用于船舶舱室的空气正压和负压状态控制的实验室 (Laboratory for controlling positive air pressure and negative air pressure of ship cabin ) 是由 许恋斯 华呈新 李和薇 王磊 衣颖 刘嘉倬 张宗兴 于 2020-11-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于船舶舱室的空气正压和负压状态控制的实验室,包括三个功能分区和五个系统；五个系统分别为送风系统、排风系统、回风系统、电控系统和压差监测系统,三个功能分区分别为操控室、设备室和空气实验区,空气实验区是进行室内空气正压和负压状态控制的区域,分为四个子物理分区,分别为走廊区、缓冲区、潜在污染区和核心区。本发明建立一种用于船舶舱室的空气正压和负压状态控制的实验室,通过实验室内进行的空气正压和负压状态控制的实验,获得经验参数,可作为正压防护室和负压隔离室建造的数据参考；空气试验区设置回风系统,使各子物理分区间定向气流在压差梯度作用下被动流动,简化系统的复杂性,提高系统运行效率。(The invention relates to a laboratory for controlling the positive pressure and negative pressure state of air in a ship cabin, which comprises three functional partitions and five systems; the five systems are respectively an air supply system, an air exhaust system, an air return system, an electric control system and a pressure difference monitoring system, the three functional partitions are respectively an operation room, an equipment room and an air experimental area, the air experimental area is an area for controlling the positive pressure and negative pressure state of indoor air, and is divided into four sub-physical partitions, namely a corridor partition, a buffer partition, a potential pollution partition and a core partition. The invention establishes a laboratory for controlling the positive air pressure and negative air pressure of a ship cabin, obtains experience parameters through experiments for controlling the positive air pressure and negative air pressure in the laboratory, and can be used as data reference for building a positive pressure protection room and a negative pressure isolation room; the air test area is provided with an air return system, so that directional airflow among the sub-physical partitions passively flows under the action of a pressure difference gradient, the complexity of the system is simplified, and the operation efficiency of the system is improved.)

1. A laboratory for the control of positive and negative air pressure conditions in a ship's cabin, characterized by: the system comprises three functional partitions and five systems; the three function subareas are respectively an operation area, an equipment area and an air experiment area, each function subarea is provided with a door, five systems are respectively an air supply system, an air exhaust system, an air return system, a pressure difference monitoring system and an electric control system, the five systems are arranged in the three function subareas, the air experiment area is an area for controlling the positive pressure and the negative pressure of indoor air, and the air experiment area realizes positive and negative pressure control through the air supply system, the air exhaust system and the air return system.

2. Laboratory for the control of the positive and negative air pressure conditions of ship's cabins according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air experiment area includes four physics subregion, is corridor district, buffer, potential pollution area and core space respectively, the corridor communicates with each other with the laboratory space outside, corridor district installs into the room door, corridor district with install partition door one between the buffer, the buffer with install partition door two between the potential pollution area, install partition door three between potential pollution area and the core space.

3. Laboratory for the control of the positive and negative air pressure conditions of ship's cabins according to claim 2, characterized in that: and each physical partition in the air experiment area is divided by steel plates, and the steel plates are connected by sealing welding seams.

4. The laboratory for the control of the positive and negative air pressure states of the ship cabin according to claim 2, wherein the air supply system is arranged in the core area of the facility area and the air experiment area and comprises an air supply outlet device, an air supply duct, an air supply volume sensor, a constant air volume regulating valve, an air supply pressure switch and an air supply machine; the air supply outlet device is used for supplying air to the core area; the air supply volume sensor is used for monitoring the air supply volume in real time; the fixed air volume regulating valve is used for fixing air supply volume, the air supply pressure switch is used for monitoring the running and stopping states of the air blower, and the air blower is used for sucking outdoor air into the air supply system; the air feeder adopts a variable frequency fan.

5. Laboratory for the control of the positive and negative air pressure conditions of ship's cabins according to claim 2 or 4, characterized in that: the air exhaust system is arranged in the core area of the equipment area and the air experiment area and comprises an air outlet device, an air exhaust duct, an air exhaust air quantity sensor, an air exhaust pressure switch and an air exhaust fan; the air outlet device is used for inputting air in the core area into an air exhaust duct; the exhaust air quantity sensor is used for monitoring exhaust air quantity in real time, the exhaust pressure switch is used for monitoring the running and stopping states of the exhaust fan, the exhaust fan is used for outputting air in an exhaust air duct outdoors, and the exhaust fan adopts a variable frequency fan.

6. Laboratory for air positive and negative pressure condition control of ship's cabins according to claim 5, characterized by: the air return system is arranged in an air experiment area and comprises an air return port device, a first air volume adjusting valve, a second air volume adjusting valve and a third air volume adjusting valve; the air return device makes corridor and laboratory bench gas intercommunication, air regulation valve makes corridor district with buffer area gas intercommunication, air regulation valve two makes buffer area with potential pollution area gas intercommunication, air regulation valve three makes potential pollution area with nuclear core area gas intercommunication.

7. Laboratory for air positive and negative pressure condition control of ship's cabins according to claim 6, characterized by: the first air volume adjusting valve, the second air volume adjusting valve and the air volume adjusting valve are adjusting valves with manual adjustable ventilation quantity.

8. Laboratory for the control of the positive and negative air pressure conditions of ship's cabins according to claim 2, characterized in that: the differential pressure monitoring system comprises a first differential pressure sensor, a second differential pressure sensor, a third differential pressure sensor and a fourth differential pressure sensor; the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the corridor area and the outside of the laboratory room, the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the buffer area and the corridor, the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the potential pollution area and the buffer area, and the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the core area and the potential pollution area.

9. Laboratory for air positive and negative pressure condition control of ship's cabins according to claim 6, characterized by: and a temperature and humidity sensor is additionally arranged in each physical partition of the air experiment area, and a fresh air conditioner is additionally arranged in the air supply system.

10. Laboratory for air positive and negative pressure condition control of ship's cabins according to claim 9, characterized by: the air supply outlet device in the air supply system is additionally provided with a high-efficiency filter, and a fresh air conditioner is additionally provided with a primary-efficiency filter and a medium-efficiency filter; a high-efficiency filter is additionally arranged on the air outlet device of the air exhaust system; and efficient filters are additionally arranged on the air volume adjusting valve I, the air volume adjusting valve II and the air volume adjusting valve III of the air return system.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a laboratory, in particular to a laboratory for controlling the positive pressure and negative pressure states of air in a ship cabin.

Background

The positive pressure protection room and the negative pressure isolation room can be collectively called as an epidemic prevention room, different pressure differences are mainly formed in the epidemic prevention room through air flow, and due to the fact that the sizes of different epidemic prevention indoor spaces are different, the relative amount of air inlet and air exhaust and the ventilation frequency in the epidemic prevention room are different, a laboratory for controlling the positive pressure and negative pressure states of air in a ship cabin needs to be established, different experimental data are obtained in the experimental process, and references are provided for the construction of epidemic prevention rooms with different sizes.

In addition, the laboratory for controlling the positive pressure and negative pressure state of the air in the ship cabin has different physical partitions, and a certain relative pressure difference gradient exists between the physical partitions no matter the interior of the laboratory is in the positive pressure state or the negative pressure state. Each physical partition is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, directional airflow flows from the air inlet and the air outlet, and the relative size of the directional airflow of the air inlet and the directional airflow of the air outlet is adjusted by adjusting the pressure difference gradient between the physical partitions. The existing adjusting mode is that a variable frequency fan is installed at an air inlet and an air outlet of each physical partition, and the air quantity of the variable frequency fan at the air inlet and the air outlet is adjusted through a main control unit to adjust the directional airflow flow of the air inlet and the air outlet. Therefore, the reasonable configuration of the flow mode of the directional airflow among the physical partitions can reduce the complexity of the system and improve the debugging efficiency, and correspondingly, if the flow mode of the directional airflow among the physical partitions is reasonably configured in the epidemic prevention room, the starting time of the epidemic prevention room can be reduced, and more precious time is won for epidemic situation prevention and control work at the epidemic prevention front line that the time is the life.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a laboratory for controlling the positive pressure and negative pressure states of air in a ship cabin, wherein a return air system is arranged among physical partitions in the laboratory, and the flow mode of directional airflow is reasonably configured, so that the complexity of the system can be reduced; and (3) carrying out positive air pressure and negative air pressure state control experiments in the laboratory and acquiring experimental data, thereby providing reference for the construction of epidemic prevention rooms with different sizes.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a laboratory for the control of positive and negative air pressure conditions in a ship's cabin, characterized by: the system comprises three functional partitions and five systems; the three function subareas are respectively an operation area, an equipment area and an air experiment area, each function subarea is provided with a door, five systems are respectively an air supply system, an air exhaust system, an air return system, a pressure difference monitoring system and an electric control system, the five systems are arranged in the three function subareas, the air experiment area is an area for controlling the positive pressure and the negative pressure of indoor air, and the air experiment area realizes positive and negative pressure control through the air supply system, the air exhaust system and the air return system.

Further: the air experiment area includes four physics subregion, is corridor district, buffer, potential pollution area and core space respectively, the corridor communicates with each other with the laboratory space outside, corridor district installs into the room door, corridor district with install partition door one between the buffer, the buffer with install partition door two between the potential pollution area, install partition door three between potential pollution area and the core space.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: and each physical partition in the air experiment area is divided by steel plates, and the steel plates are connected by sealing welding seams.

Further: the air supply system is arranged in the core areas of the equipment area and the air experiment area and comprises an air supply outlet device, an air supply duct, an air supply volume sensor, a fixed air volume regulating valve, an air supply pressure switch and an air feeder; the air supply outlet device is used for supplying air to the core area; the air supply volume sensor is used for monitoring the air supply volume in real time; the fixed air volume regulating valve is used for fixing air supply volume, the air supply pressure switch is used for monitoring the running and stopping states of the air blower, and the air blower is used for sucking outdoor air into the air supply system; the air feeder adopts a variable frequency fan.

Further: the air exhaust system is arranged in the core area of the equipment area and the air experiment area and comprises an air outlet device, an air exhaust duct, an air exhaust air quantity sensor, an air exhaust pressure switch and an air exhaust fan; the air outlet device is used for inputting air in the core area into an air exhaust duct; the exhaust air quantity sensor is used for monitoring exhaust air quantity in real time, the exhaust pressure switch is used for monitoring the running and stopping states of the exhaust fan, the exhaust fan is used for outputting air in an exhaust air duct outdoors, and the exhaust fan adopts a variable frequency fan.

Further: the air return system is arranged in an air experiment area and comprises an air return port device, a first air volume adjusting valve, a second air volume adjusting valve and a third air volume adjusting valve; the air return device makes corridor and laboratory bench gas intercommunication, air regulation valve makes corridor district with buffer area gas intercommunication, air regulation valve two makes buffer area with potential pollution area gas intercommunication, air regulation valve three makes potential pollution area with nuclear core area gas intercommunication.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the first air volume adjusting valve, the second air volume adjusting valve and the air volume adjusting valve are adjusting valves with manual adjustable ventilation quantity.

Further: the differential pressure monitoring system comprises a first differential pressure sensor, a second differential pressure sensor, a third differential pressure sensor and a fourth differential pressure sensor; the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the corridor area and the outside of the laboratory room, the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the buffer area and the corridor, the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the potential pollution area and the buffer area, and the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the core area and the potential pollution area.

Further: and a temperature and humidity sensor is additionally arranged in each physical partition of the air experiment area, and a fresh air conditioner is additionally arranged in the air supply system.

Further, the method comprises the following steps: the air supply outlet device in the air supply system is additionally provided with a high-efficiency filter, and a fresh air conditioner is additionally provided with a primary-efficiency filter and a medium-efficiency filter; a high-efficiency filter is additionally arranged on the air outlet device of the air exhaust system; and efficient filters are additionally arranged on the air volume regulating valve I, the air volume regulating valve II and the air volume regulating valve III of the air return system.

The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

1. the invention can control the positive pressure and negative pressure state of the indoor air by controlling the difference value of the air supply quantity and the air exhaust quantity, and forms a pressure difference gradient between each physical partition of the air experiment area by adjusting each air quantity adjusting valve of the air return system.

2. The air feeder and the exhaust fan of the invention both adopt variable frequency fans, the air supply quantity and the exhaust quantity can be adjusted under the control of the electric control system, and the air quantity adjusting valve I, the air quantity adjusting valve II and the air quantity adjusting valve III can manually adjust the ventilation quantity, so that the air supply system, the exhaust system and the return system all have the air quantity adjusting function, and the universality of the invention is enhanced.

3. The invention has an air return system, so that the airflow of each physical partition in the air experimental area passively flows under the action of the pressure difference gradient, the function of adjusting the pressure difference gradient of multiple physical partitions by only one set of air supply system and one set of air exhaust system is realized, and the system is simplified.

4. The air supply system, the air exhaust system, the air return system and the electric control system are not limited to be applied to the laboratory described in the invention, and the air supply machine of the air supply system, the exhaust fan of the air exhaust system and the air volume regulating valve of the air return system can be changed according to the number of partitions of the laboratory, the volume of the laboratory and the ventilation requirement of the laboratory.

5. The temperature and humidity sensor can be additionally arranged in the air experiment area, and the fresh air conditioner can be additionally arranged in the air supply system, so that the aim of adjusting the temperature and humidity in the air experiment area is fulfilled.

6. The air supply system can be additionally provided with a primary filter, a medium-efficiency filter and a high-efficiency filter, the air exhaust system can be additionally provided with the high-efficiency filter, and the air return system can be additionally provided with the high-efficiency filter, so that the aim of adjusting the air cleanliness in an air experiment area is fulfilled.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a functional partition diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the physical partitioning of an air experimental zone;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the system distribution of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the distribution of the zoned gates of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the main components of the air supply system of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the principal components of the exhaust system of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the principal components of the air return system of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the principal components of the differential pressure monitoring system of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the positive and negative pressure condition control process of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the air flow in the air experimental region under positive pressure according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the air flow in the air experiment area under negative pressure condition according to the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the tightness test method of each physical partition weld of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

A laboratory for controlling the positive and negative pressure conditions of air in a ship cabin, please refer to fig. 1-4, the invention points are: the air conditioning system comprises an operation room 101, an air experiment area 102, a device area 103, an electric control system 301, a pressure difference monitoring system 302, an air return system 303, an air supply system 304 and an air exhaust system 305. The air experiment area is an area for controlling the positive pressure and negative pressure state of indoor air, and comprises a corridor area 201, a buffer area 202, a potential pollution area 203 and a core area 204. Control the district and install control district door 401, equipment district installs equipment district door 406, the corridor is installed and is gone into room door 403, the corridor with install door 404 that separates between the buffer, the buffer with install door two 402 between the potential pollution district, install door three 403 between potential pollution district and the nuclear core district. The door of the entrance door, the first partition door, the second partition door and the third partition door have the requirement of time difference of opening and closing, and one of the doors can be opened after being closed for 1 min.

In the above structure, referring to fig. 5, the air supply system is disposed in the core area of the facility area and the air experiment area, and includes an air supply outlet device 501, an air supply duct 502, an air supply volume sensor 503, a constant air volume adjusting valve 504, an air supply pressure switch 505, and an air supply device 506. The air supply outlet device is used for supplying air to the core area; the air supply volume sensor is used for monitoring the air supply volume in real time; the fixed air volume regulating valve is used for fixing air supply volume, the air supply pressure switch is used for monitoring the running and stopping states of the air blower, and the air blower is used for sucking outdoor air into the air supply system; the air feeder adopts a variable frequency fan.

In the above structure, referring to fig. 6, the exhaust system is disposed in the core area of the facility area and the air experiment area, and includes an exhaust outlet device 601, an exhaust air duct 602, an exhaust air volume sensor 603, an exhaust pressure switch 604, and an exhaust fan 605. The air outlet device is used for inputting air in the core area into an air exhaust duct; the exhaust air quantity sensor is used for monitoring exhaust air quantity in real time, the exhaust pressure switch is used for monitoring the running and stopping states of the exhaust fan, the exhaust fan is used for outputting air in an exhaust air duct outdoors, and the exhaust fan adopts a variable frequency fan.

In the above structure, referring to fig. 7, the air return system includes an air return device 701, a first air volume adjusting valve 702, a second air volume adjusting valve 703, and a third air volume adjusting valve 704. The air return system is arranged in the air experiment area, the return air inlet device makes outside corridor and the laboratory chamber intercommunication, air regulation valve makes corridor district with buffer gas intercommunication, air regulation valve two makes buffer with potential pollution area gas intercommunication, air regulation valve three makes potential pollution area with nuclear core region gas intercommunication. The first air volume adjusting valve, the second air volume adjusting valve and the third air volume adjusting valve are all adjusting valves with manually adjustable ventilation volume, and the ventilation volume can be adjusted by manually adjusting the opening degrees of the first air volume adjusting valve, the second air volume adjusting valve and the third air volume adjusting valve.

In the above structure, referring to fig. 8, the differential pressure monitoring system includes a first differential pressure sensor 801, a second differential pressure sensor 802, a third differential pressure sensor 803, and a fourth differential pressure sensor 804. The pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the corridor area and the outside of the laboratory room, the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the buffer area and the corridor, the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the potential pollution area and the buffer area, and the pressure difference sensor is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the core area and the potential pollution area.

The door entering chamber, the first partition door, the second partition door and the third partition door have the requirement of time difference of opening and closing, one door can be opened after being closed for 1min, and the specific implementation process is as follows:

according to interpretation of relevant regulations in GB/T35428 and 2017 Hospital negative pressure isolation ward environment control requirements, the open-close relation design applicable to the inner door of the air experiment area is carried out.

When the air experiment area is in a positive pressure environment, the polluted gas outside the experiment area is prevented from entering the experiment area, then the door (first partition door) from the corridor area to the buffer area can be opened after the door for entering the room is closed for 1min, and by analogy, the door (second partition door) from the buffer area to the side of the potential polluted area can be opened after the first partition door is closed for 1min, and the door (third partition door) from the potential polluted area to the side of the core area can be opened after the second partition door is closed for 1 min.

When the air experiment area is in a negative pressure environment, the polluted gas in the experiment area is prevented from flowing out of the experiment area, then, the door of the room is opened after the door (the first partition door) from the corridor area to the buffer area side is closed for 1min, and by analogy, the door of the buffer area to the potential polluted area side (the second partition door) is closed for 1min, and the door of the potential polluted area to the core area side (the third partition door) is closed for 1min and then the second partition door is opened.

When a laboratory for controlling the positive pressure and negative pressure states of the air in the ship cabin is built, the welding seams of all the physical subareas need to be subjected to a pre-tightness test, so that the air tightness among all the physical subareas of the air experimental area is ensured. The tightness test is a test performed during the laboratory construction process, and is specifically implemented as follows, referring to fig. 12:

1) aiming at a welding seam between the longitudinal steel plate 1201 and the transverse steel plate 1203, a group of detection loops are formed by an inflation hole 1202 and the pressure gauge 1204, compressed gas is inflated from the inflation hole, the air pressure is increased to 0.02MPa and is kept for about one hour to reach a stable state of the air pressure, and then the air pressure is reduced to a test pressure of 0.015MPa and pressure detection is carried out;

2) the pressure detection is completed through the pressure gauge, and the arrangement position of the pressure gauge can ensure that each end of all detection loops can detect pressure data of at least 0.015MPa in the range of the weld joint part of the tightness test;

before the installation of laboratory equipment, a tightness test is carried out on each physical partition of the air experimental area, and the specific implementation process is as follows:

1) coating all the welding seams which are not checked in the tightness test with effective display liquid;

2) the air pressure in the cabin is firstly increased to 0.02MPa and kept for about 1 hour to reach a stable state, and then is reduced to the test pressure of 0.015 MPa;

3) the U-shaped pipe is used for detecting pressure, and the water level height in the U-shaped pipe can display corresponding test pressure.

This a laboratory for control of indoor air positive pressure and negative pressure state, its specific debugging process is as follows:

referring to fig. 9, 10 and 11, the electric control system controls the blower to operate at a fixed frequency, and air flow is fed into the core area at a fixed amount through the limitation of the fixed air volume regulating valve; the electric control system controls the variable frequency operation of the exhaust fan, the air flow variable in the core area is exhausted, and the directional air flow is formed in the core area.

When the air exhaust volume of the exhaust fan is smaller than the air supply volume of the air feeder, the air volume fed into the core area is larger than the air volume discharged, and the environment in the core area is in a positive pressure state. Because there is the return air system in the air experiment district, install air regulation valve three between latent pollution zone and the nuclear domain promptly, install air regulation valve two between buffer and the latent pollution zone, install air regulation valve one between corridor district and the buffer, corridor district and laboratory are outdoor to pass through air return device intercommunication, so the air passes through the return air system in the air experiment district and follows nuclear domain, latent pollution zone, buffer, corridor district outflow air experiment district in proper order under the pressure effect. The first differential pressure sensor, the second differential pressure sensor, the third differential pressure sensor and the fourth differential pressure sensor feed back the monitored differential pressure data to the electric control system, and an operator adjusts the air discharge quantity of the exhaust fan through the electric control system according to the feedback data, and adjusts the ventilation quantity among the physical partitions in the air experimental area by manually adjusting the opening degrees of the first air volume adjusting valve, the second air volume adjusting valve and the third air volume adjusting valve, so that the differential pressure value in each physical partition in the air experimental area is stabilized within the error range of a set value. Thereby realizing positive pressure control.

When the air exhaust volume of the exhaust fan is larger than the air supply volume of the air feeder, the air volume fed in the core area is smaller than the air volume exhausted, and the environment in the core area is in a negative pressure state. Air outside the air experiment area flows into the air experiment area from the corridor area, the buffer area, the potential pollution area and the core area in sequence under the action of pressure through the air return system. The first differential pressure sensor, the second differential pressure sensor, the third differential pressure sensor and the fourth differential pressure sensor feed back the monitored differential pressure data to the electric control system, and an operator adjusts the air discharge quantity of the exhaust fan through the electric control system according to the feedback data, and adjusts the ventilation quantity among the physical partitions in the air experimental area by manually adjusting the opening degrees of the first air volume adjusting valve, the second air volume adjusting valve and the third air volume adjusting valve, so that the differential pressure value in each physical partition in the air experimental area is stabilized within the error range of a set value. Thereby realizing negative pressure control.

Although the embodiments and figures of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various substitutions, changes and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, and therefore the scope of the invention is not limited to the disclosure of the embodiments and figures.