阅读说明：本技术 一种凤梨渣的青贮方法 (Ensiling method of pineapple residues ) 是由 王志敬 杨慧山 谭伟军 葛影影 吴征敏 吴泫锦 尹福泉 高振华 吴浩浩 陈俊宏 于 2020-08-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种凤梨渣的青贮方法。该方法包括以下步骤：将凤梨渣切碎,烘干,与青贮剂一起放入发酵容器中压实密封后,发酵即得；所述青贮剂为纤维素酶和乳酸菌的混合。该方法显著提高了青贮凤梨渣的品质,为非常规饲料的开发利用提供了技术支持,降低了凤梨渣对环境的污染,为环保工作提供了新思路；另外,得到的凤梨渣青贮为动物饲养提供了更多原料,为节粮型养殖提供了新的饲料资源,节约了饲料成本,提高了养殖户的收益；因此,该方法在改善凤梨渣青贮品质中的应用前景良好。(The invention discloses a method for ensiling pineapple slag. The method comprises the following steps: cutting pineapple dregs, drying, putting into a fermentation container together with a silage agent, compacting, sealing, and fermenting to obtain the pineapple cake; the ensiling agent is a mixture of cellulase and lactic acid bacteria. The method remarkably improves the quality of the silage pineapple dregs, provides technical support for development and utilization of unconventional feed, reduces pollution of the pineapple dregs to the environment, and provides a new idea for environment-friendly work; in addition, the obtained pineapple residue silage provides more raw materials for animal feeding, provides new feed resources for grain-saving type cultivation, saves feed cost and improves the income of farmers; therefore, the method has good application prospect in improving the silage quality of the pineapple slag.)

1. The pineapple residue ensiling method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: cutting pineapple dregs, drying, putting the pineapple dregs and silage agent into a fermentation container, compacting and sealing, and performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain the pineapple fermented soybean cake; the ensiling agent is a mixture of cellulase and lactic acid bacteria.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixing mass ratio of the cellulase to the lactic acid bacteria is 5-7: 1.

3. the method according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is 8000-12000 u/g; the viable count of the lactobacillus is 9.0 × 10⁹～1.2×10¹⁰cfu/g。

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the cellulase has an enzymatic activity of 10000 u/g; the viable count of the lactobacillus is 1.0 × 10¹⁰cfu/g。

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the anaerobic fermentation time is 25-30 days.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the water content of the pineapple pomace is 65% to 70%.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the pineapple pomace has a water content of 68%.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pineapple residue has a packing density of 900 to 1100kg/m in the fermentation vessel³。

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pineapple pomace has a crude protein content of 9.5-14% and a dry matter content of 90-96%.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the length of the pineapple residue is 0.5-1.5 cm.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant silage. More particularly, relates to a method for ensiling pineapple slag.

Background

For livestock and poultry, silage is an important component of feed raw materials, and silage is an indispensable important feed resource in the feeding process of ruminants. Traditional silage includes silage corn (straw or whole plant silage), silage alfalfa, silage wheat, and the like, and is the most common and widespread silage for ruminants. In the process of manufacturing the silage, different types and concentrations of silage modifiers are added into the silage in order to inhibit the fermentation of harmful bacteria and improve the quality of the silage. Research shows that the content of lactic acid can be improved by adding lactic acid bacteria into the silage straw, and the silage quality of the silage straw can be improved by combining the lactic acid bacteria and molasses or adding the lactic acid bacteria, cellulose and molasses after combining the lactic acid bacteria, the molasses and the cellulose (Guohiming and the like, the influence of silage additives on the silage quality and the aerobic stability of the straw [ J ], draft, 2017,26(02): 190-; the addition of lactic acid bacteria in the process of alfalfa ensiling can improve the ensiling quality of alfalfa, while the addition of cellulase has no obvious improvement effect on the ensiling quality of alfalfa (Houxin Ding, etc., the influence of the addition of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase on the ensiling quality of alfalfa [ J ], Chinese lawn bulletin, 2017,39(06):95-98, 105); research also shows that the addition of EM bacteria in the alfalfa ensiling process can improve the alfalfa ensiling quality and improve the feed nutritive value (Xue Chun Sheng, etc., the influence of different additives on the alfalfa ensiling quality in Long Dong is J, grass science, 2018,35(02): 456-.

Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is commonly known as pineapple, is originally produced in the tropical region of America, is one of famous tropical fruits, and is widely cultivated in China, such as Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan and the like. The pineapple planting area in China is on the trend of increasing year by year, and the pineapple harvesting area in China in 2015 is 5.37 ten thousand hm²The total pineapple yield is 149.55 ten thousand tons, and the import quantity of pineapples and pineapple products in China in the same year is about 9.05 ten thousand tons. In the processing process of pineapples, 50-60% of byproducts (peels, residues, pulp and the like) exist, about 74.78-89.73 ten thousand tons of pineapple residues exist in 2015 year all the year in total, and the direct discarding of the pineapple residues not only has adverse effects on the natural ecological environment, but also causes resource waste. The fresh pineapple processing by-products are not suitable for being directly used as animal feed due to the fact that the leaf tips are tapered, full-edged or sharp teeth and the calyx is hard, and pineapple dregs can be used as the animal feed through fermentation.

At present, the silage research of conventional feeds such as corn, wheat and the like is mature day by day, and the silage technology of pineapple dregs is also reported; however, the research on the pineapple slag in China is still relatively lagged compared with the utilization of the pineapple slag in developed countries, and the waste phenomenon of the pineapple slag still exists; therefore, further research on processing utilization and nutritional value of the pineapple dregs is still needed to find a more scientific processing method and preparation proportion of the pineapple dregs in animal production so as to promote sustainable development of animal husbandry in China (Wangming, Liu Beijian, application research progress of the pineapple dregs in animal production, Guangdong feed 2016,25: 1). In addition, as pineapple production areas in China are in tropical and subtropical areas with high temperature, high humidity and much rain, when the pineapple is ensiled, what ensiling method is adopted, what ensiling facility is adopted, the structure of the facility and the capacity of the facility need to be further researched (Limingfu, etc., pineapple leaf residue ensiling feed technology, Chinese herbivorous animals 2005: 58).

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for ensiling pineapple slag. The method can ensile the pineapple dregs on the spot or nearby after harvesting the pineapple, improve the ensiling quality of the pineapple dregs, broaden the resources of animal feed, reduce the pollution of the pineapple dregs to the environment, and provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the pineapple dregs and the related research in the future.

The invention aims to provide a method for ensiling pineapple slag.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the invention firstly provides a pineapple residue ensiling method, which comprises the following steps: cutting pineapple dregs, drying, putting the pineapple dregs and silage agent into a fermentation container, compacting and sealing, and performing anaerobic fermentation to obtain the pineapple fermented soybean cake; the ensiling agent is a mixture of cellulase and lactic acid bacteria.

Preferably, the mixing mass ratio of the cellulase to the lactic acid bacteria is 5-7: 1. the addition of the cellulase and the lactic acid bacteria in the mixing mass ratio can improve the contents of protein, soluble polysaccharide, acetic acid, propionic acid and total acid, reduce the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite and improve the silage quality of the pineapple slag.

More preferably, the mixing mass ratio of the cellulase to the lactic acid bacteria is 6: 1.

preferably, the enzyme activity of the cellulase is 8000-12000 u/g; the viable count of the lactobacillus is 9.0 × 10⁹～1.2×10¹⁰cfu/g。

More preferably, the enzymatic activity of the cellulase is 10000 u/g; the viable count of the lactobacillus is 1.0 × 10¹⁰cfu/g。

Preferably, the time of anaerobic fermentation is 25-30 d. The pineapple residue silage quality under the anaerobic fermentation time condition is good and tends to be stable.

More preferably, the time for anaerobic fermentation is 28 d.

Preferably, the water content of the pineapple slag is 65-70%. Under the condition of the water content, the water loss of the pineapple residue is minimum.

More preferably, the water content of the pineapple pomace is 68%.

Preferably, the filling density of the pineapple residues in the fermentation container is 900-1100 kg/m³. Under the condition, the pineapple residue can be in a complete state.

More preferably, the filling density of the pineapple residues in the fermentation container is 1000kg/m³。

Preferably, the content of crude protein in the pineapple residue is 9.5-14%, and the content of dry matter is 90-96%.

More preferably, the pineapple residue contains 10.13% of crude protein and 92.43% of dry matter.

Preferably, the length of the pineapple slag is 0.5-1.5 cm.

More preferably, the length of the pineapple residue is 1 cm.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides a method for ensiling pineapple dregs. The method remarkably improves the quality of the silage pineapple dregs, and the obtained silage is rich in beneficial microorganisms such as lactobacillus and the like, so that the immunity of animals can be improved, and the quality of silage products is improved; the method also provides technical support for the development and utilization of unconventional feed (pineapple slag), reduces the pollution of the pineapple slag to the environment, and provides a new idea for environment-friendly work; in addition, the obtained pineapple residue silage provides more raw materials for animal feeding, provides new feed resources for grain-saving type cultivation, saves feed cost and improves the income of farmers; therefore, the method has good application prospect in improving the silage quality of the pineapple slag.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.

Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.