阅读说明：本技术 一种油泥裂解装置及工艺 (Oil sludge cracking device and process ) 是由 李书龙 于 2020-07-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种油泥裂解装置及工艺,装置包括裂解釜,裂解釜设有油泥进口、出气口、灰渣出口和进气口,进气口连接有燃烧器,裂解釜内设有多个温度传感器,装置还包括控制器。工艺步骤包括：在开始裂解后关闭燃烧器的燃气供给,将空气直接导入裂解釜内,利用油泥自身裂解产生的有机气体燃烧,以提供裂解所需热量,并根据裂解釜内的实时温度,控制空气的供给量,使裂解釜内温度控制在预设标准值。本发明可实现油泥的连续裂解,提高了裂解效率以及产量,降低了能耗；更为重要的是,本发明利用裂解过程中产生的有机气体燃烧,实现自身给热,并通过严格控制空气供给量,调节内部燃烧的充分性,从而达到控制裂解温度的目的。(The invention discloses an oil sludge cracking device and process, wherein the device comprises a cracking kettle, the cracking kettle is provided with an oil sludge inlet, an air outlet, an ash residue outlet and an air inlet, the air inlet is connected with a burner, a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged in the cracking kettle, and the device further comprises a controller. The process comprises the following steps: and closing the gas supply of the burner after cracking is started, directly introducing air into the cracking kettle, combusting organic gas generated by cracking the oil sludge to provide heat required by cracking, and controlling the air supply amount according to the real-time temperature in the cracking kettle so as to control the temperature in the cracking kettle to be at a preset standard value. The invention can realize the continuous cracking of the oil sludge, improve the cracking efficiency and yield and reduce the energy consumption; more importantly, the invention realizes self heat supply by utilizing the combustion of organic gas generated in the cracking process, and adjusts the sufficiency of internal combustion by strictly controlling the air supply quantity, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the cracking temperature.)

1. The utility model provides a fatlute cracker, includes pyrolysis tank (1), the top of pyrolysis tank (1) is equipped with fatlute import (2) and gas outlet (3), and the bottom of pyrolysis tank (1) is equipped with ash and slag export (4) and air inlet (5), its characterized in that:

the gas inlet (5) is connected with a combustor (6), an air supply port (7) with an electric valve and a gas supply port (8) are arranged on the combustor (6), and a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged in the cracking kettle (1); the device also comprises a controller (9), wherein a signal input end of the controller (9) is connected with a signal output end of the temperature sensor, and a signal output end of the controller (9) is connected with electric valve control ends of the air supply port (7) and the fuel gas supply port (8).

2. The sludge cracking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the temperature sensor comprises

A first temperature sensor (10) for detecting the temperature of a cracking section in the cracking kettle (1);

and a second temperature sensor (11) for detecting the gas temperature of the gas outlet (3) in the cracking kettle (1).

3. The sludge cracking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the cracking kettle (1) is internally provided with a plurality of baffle plates (12), the baffle plates (12) are divided into an A plate and a B plate, the A plate is provided with a circulation port (13) at the outer ring of the circumference of the A plate, the B plate is provided with a circulation port (13) at the center of the circumference of the B plate, and the A plate and the B plate are alternately arranged.

4. A sludge cracking apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the top of the cracking kettle (1) is provided with a driving part (14), the output end of the driving part (14) is provided with a rotating shaft (15), the rotating shaft (15) is provided with scrapers (16) with the same number as the baffle plates (12), the scrapers (16) are in one-to-one correspondence with the upper end surfaces of the baffle plates (12), the scrapers (16) on the upper end surfaces of the A plates are arranged to rotate to generate centrifugal thrust, and the scrapers (16) on the upper end surfaces of the B plates are arranged to rotate to generate centripetal thrust.

5. The sludge cracking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: and an air-locking constant feeder (17) is arranged at the oil sludge inlet (2).

6. The sludge cracking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the air outlet (3) is connected with an oil-water separator (18) through a pipeline, and a condenser (19) is arranged on the pipeline.

7. The sludge cracking apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the outer part of the cracking kettle (1) is wrapped with a heat insulation sleeve (20).

8. An oil sludge cracking process is characterized in that: comprises the steps of

Step one, providing air and fuel gas for a combustor to combust, and guiding hot gas generated by combustion into a cracking kettle through an air inlet to preheat;

step two, inputting oil sludge into the cracking kettle through an oil sludge inlet when the temperature in the cracking kettle reaches a preset initial value, wherein the oil sludge is in reverse contact with hot gas in the cracking kettle, and the processes of water vaporization, light oil evaporation and sludge oil cracking are started;

and step three, closing the gas supply of the burner, directly introducing air into the cracking kettle, combusting organic gas generated by the self-cracking of the oil sludge to provide heat required by cracking, and controlling the air supply amount according to the real-time temperature in the cracking kettle so as to control the temperature in the cracking kettle to be at a preset standard value.

9. The sludge cracking process of claim 8, wherein: the preset initial value is that the temperature of the cracking section in the cracking kettle reaches 600 ℃.

10. The sludge cracking process of claim 8, wherein: the preset standard value is that the temperature of the cracking section in the cracking kettle reaches 400-550 ℃, and the gas temperature at the gas outlet is lower than 200 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of oil sludge treatment, in particular to an oil sludge cracking device and process.

Background

The oil sludge is mainly generated in the environments of crude oil drilling and exploitation process, scum in petroleum processing process, tank bottoms of oil tanks in petrochemical plants, tank bottoms of oil tankers and the like, and mainly comprises 5-60% of water, 5-70% of oil (asphalt, colloid and the like) and 10-40% of mud. The oil sludge contains oil components, so the oil sludge has considerable recycling value.

At present, oil sludge is treated by cracking, the main steps comprise distillation dehydration (water and light oil are evaporated into gas to be discharged) and thermal cracking (380-. This approach has the following disadvantages: (1) the method belongs to an intermittent treatment mode, and continuous production cannot be realized, so that the efficiency is low and the yield is low; (2) the cold and hot in the furnace are continuously alternated, and the temperature difference is large, so that the energy consumption is overhigh.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an oil sludge cracking device and an oil sludge cracking process, which solve the problems of low efficiency, low yield and high energy consumption of the existing oil sludge cracking treatment mode.

The invention realizes the purpose through the following technical scheme:

an oil sludge cracking device comprises a cracking kettle, wherein the top of the cracking kettle is provided with an oil sludge inlet and an air outlet, the bottom of the cracking kettle is provided with an ash residue outlet and an air inlet,

the gas inlet is connected with a burner, the burner is provided with an air supply port with an electric valve and a gas supply port, and a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged in the cracking kettle; the device also comprises a controller, wherein the signal input end of the controller is connected with the signal output end of the temperature sensor, and the signal output end of the controller is connected with the electric valve control ends of the air supply port and the fuel gas supply port.

In a further refinement, the temperature sensor comprises

The first temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of a cracking section in the cracking kettle;

and a second temperature sensor for detecting the gas temperature of the gas outlet in the cracking kettle.

The cracking kettle is further improved in that a plurality of baffle plates are arranged in the cracking kettle, the baffle plates are divided into a plate A and a plate B, a circulation port is reserved on the outer circle of the plate A, a circulation port is reserved in the center of the circle of the plate B, and the plate A and the plate B are alternately arranged.

The improved cracking kettle is characterized in that a driving part is arranged at the top of the cracking kettle, a rotating shaft is arranged at the output end of the driving part, scrapers with the same number as the baffles are mounted on the rotating shaft, the scrapers are located on the upper end faces of the baffles in a one-to-one correspondence mode, the scrapers located on the upper end face of the plate A are arranged to rotate to generate centrifugal thrust, and the scrapers located on the upper end face of the plate B are arranged to rotate to generate centripetal thrust.

The further improvement is that an air-locking constant feeder is arranged at the oil sludge inlet.

The further improvement lies in that the gas outlet is connected with an oil-water separator through a pipeline, and a condenser is arranged on the pipeline.

The further improvement is that the outer part of the cracking kettle is wrapped with a heat insulation sleeve.

An oil sludge cracking process comprises the following steps

Step one, providing air and fuel gas for a combustor to combust, and guiding hot gas generated by combustion into a cracking kettle through an air inlet to preheat;

step two, inputting oil sludge into the cracking kettle through an oil sludge inlet when the temperature in the cracking kettle reaches a preset initial value, wherein the oil sludge is in reverse contact with hot gas in the cracking kettle, and the processes of water vaporization, light oil evaporation and sludge oil cracking are started;

and step three, closing the gas supply of the burner, directly introducing air into the cracking kettle, combusting organic gas generated by the self-cracking of the oil sludge to provide heat required by cracking, and controlling the air supply amount according to the real-time temperature in the cracking kettle so as to control the temperature in the cracking kettle to be at a preset standard value.

The further improvement is that the preset initial value is that the temperature of the cracking section in the cracking kettle reaches 600 ℃.

The further improvement is that the preset standard value is that the temperature of the cracking section in the cracking kettle reaches 400-550 ℃, and the gas temperature at the gas outlet is lower than 200 ℃.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can realize the continuous cracking of the oil sludge, improve the cracking efficiency and yield and reduce the energy consumption; more importantly, the invention realizes self heat supply by utilizing the combustion of organic gas generated in the cracking process, and adjusts the sufficiency of internal combustion by strictly controlling the air supply quantity, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the cracking temperature.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of a sludge cracking apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a plate A and corresponding scrapers in the baffle;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a B plate and corresponding scrapers in the baffle plate;

in the figure: 1. a cracking kettle; 2. an oil sludge inlet; 3. an air outlet; 4. an ash outlet; 5. an air inlet; 6. a burner; 7. an air supply port; 8. a gas supply port; 9. a controller; 10. a first temperature sensor; 11. a second temperature sensor; 12. a baffle plate; 13. a flow port; 14. a drive member; 15. a rotating shaft; 16. a squeegee; 17. locking the air and quantitatively feeding the material; 18. an oil-water separator; 19. a condenser; 20. an insulating sleeve.

Detailed Description

The present application will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, it should be noted that the following detailed description is given for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, as those skilled in the art will be able to make numerous insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the present application based on the above disclosure.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an oil sludge cracking device includes a vertical cracking kettle 1, an oil sludge inlet 2 and an air outlet 3 are arranged at the top of the cracking kettle 1, an ash outlet 4 and an air inlet 5 are arranged at the bottom of the cracking kettle 1, the air inlet 5 is connected with a burner 6, the burner 6 is provided with an air supply port 7 and a gas supply port 8 which are provided with electric valves, and a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged in the cracking kettle 1; the device also comprises a controller 9, wherein the signal input end of the controller 9 is connected with the signal output end of the temperature sensor, and the signal output end of the controller 9 is connected with the electric valve control ends of the air supply port 7 and the fuel gas supply port 8.

The temperature sensor may be a PT100 type temperature sensor, and the controller 9 may be a DATA-7311 type temperature sensor, but may also be another type temperature sensor. The temperature sensors acquire the temperatures of a plurality of positions in the cracking kettle 1 and send temperature signals to the controller 9, and the controller 9 controls the electric valves of the air supply port 7 and the fuel gas supply port 8 to be opened and closed or the flow rate to be adjusted according to the temperature signals.

In the present invention, the temperature sensor includes at least

A first temperature sensor 10 for detecting the temperature of the cracking section in the cracking kettle 1;

and a second temperature sensor 11 for detecting the gas temperature of the gas outlet 3 in the cracking kettle 1.

In the invention, a plurality of baffle plates 12 are arranged in a cracking kettle 1, the baffle plates 12 are divided into a plate A and a plate B, a circulation port 13 is reserved on the outer ring of the circumference of the plate A, a circulation port 13 is reserved in the center of the circumference of the plate B, the plate A and the plate B are alternately arranged, namely the plate A-B-A-B … are arranged from top to bottom, and the plate A and the plate B are both connected with the inner wall of the cracking kettle 1.

The top of the cracking kettle 1 is provided with a driving part 14, the output end of the driving part 14 is provided with a rotating shaft 15, the rotating shaft 15 is provided with scrapers 16 with the same number as the baffles 12, the scrapers 16 are in one-to-one correspondence with the upper end surfaces of the baffles 12, the scrapers 16 positioned on the upper end surface of the A plate are arranged to rotate to generate centrifugal thrust, and the scrapers 16 positioned on the upper end surface of the B plate are arranged to rotate to generate centripetal thrust. For example, the scrapers 16 in fig. 2 and 3 are arc plates, which is one example structure, and the scrapers 16 with other structures can be adopted.

In the invention, the air-locking quantitative feeder 17 is arranged at the oil sludge inlet 2 and used for quantitatively feeding the oil sludge and ensuring the air tightness of the position.

In the invention, the air outlet 3 is connected with an oil-water separator 18 through a pipeline for separating oil vapor and water vapor, and the pipeline is provided with a condenser 19 for cooling.

In the invention, the outer part of the cracking kettle 1 is wrapped with the heat insulation sleeve 20, so that the heat insulation effect of the cracking kettle 1 is improved.

The invention also provides an oil sludge cracking process, which comprises the following steps:

step one, the controller 9 controls the electric valves of the air supply port 7 and the gas supply port 8 to be opened, air and gas are supplied to the combustor 6 for combustion, hot gas generated by combustion is guided into the cracking kettle 1 through the air inlet 5, and the hot gas flows from bottom to top to be preheated;

step two, when the first temperature sensor 10 detects that the temperature of the cracking section in the cracking kettle 1 reaches 600 ℃, preheating is completed, oil sludge is input into the cracking kettle 1 through the oil sludge inlet 2, the oil sludge is in reverse contact with hot gas in the cracking kettle 1, and the processes of water vaporization, light oil evaporation and oil sludge cracking are started;

step three, the controller 9 controls the electric valve of the fuel gas supply port 8 to be gradually reduced and closed, the fuel gas supply of the combustor 6 is closed, air is directly led into the cracking kettle 1, organic gas generated by the self-cracking of oil sludge is combusted to provide heat required by cracking, and the supply amount of the air is controlled according to the real-time temperature in the cracking kettle 1, so that the temperature of a cracking section in the cracking kettle 1 reaches 400-550 ℃, and the gas temperature of the gas outlet 3 is lower than 200 ℃. Specifically, when the first temperature sensor 10 detects that the temperature of the cracking section exceeds 550 ℃ or the second temperature sensor 11 detects that the temperature of the gas at the gas outlet 3 exceeds 200 ℃, the air supply amount is reduced through the adjusting electric valve, and when the first temperature sensor 10 detects that the temperature of the cracking section is lower than 400 ℃, the air supply amount is increased through the adjusting electric valve, so that the combustion is more sufficient.

In the cracking process, the oil sludge is conveyed layer by layer from top to bottom, the hot gas is conveyed layer by layer from bottom to top, the oil sludge and the hot gas are in reverse contact, and the processes of water vaporization (top area), light oil evaporation (middle area) and sludge oil cracking (bottom area) are sequentially carried out in the cracking kettle. In the cracking process, the sludge oil can be cracked to generate organic gases such as oil vapor and the like, and the organic gases can be combusted when being combined with air in a high-temperature environment to generate a large amount of heat. The invention realizes self heat supply by using the combustion of organic gas generated in the cracking process, and adjusts the sufficiency of internal combustion by strictly controlling the air supply amount and adopting a semi-suffocation mode, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the cracking temperature. In addition, the carbon generated by cracking can be burnt to form ash.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.