Novel palatable pet food compositions

文档序号：1008586 发布日期：2020-10-23 浏览：25次中文

阅读说明：本技术 新的适口的宠物食品组合物 (Novel palatable pet food compositions ) 是由赫伯特·屈青格尔斯科特·T·皮林迪特马尔·库尔曼伊内斯·莫勒于 2017-12-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及宠物食品组合物,其包含至少一种天然抗氧化剂和至少一种合成抗氧化剂以及调节pH的至少一种酸度调节剂组分,其中所述宠物食品组合物不包含1,2-二氢-6-乙氧基-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉。此外,本发明包括产生所述宠物食品组合物的方法以及所述宠物食品组合物的用途。(The present invention relates to a pet food composition comprising at least one natural antioxidant and at least one synthetic antioxidant and at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline. Furthermore, the invention comprises a method of producing said pet food composition and the use of said pet food composition.)

1. A pet food composition comprising

i) At least one natural antioxidant, and

ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and

iii) at least one acidity regulator component for adjusting the pH,

wherein the pet food composition does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

2. The pet food composition of claim 1, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: tocopherol, ascorbic acid, plant extracts, and combinations thereof.

3. The pet food composition of claim 2, wherein the plant extract comprises oregano, sage, and/or rosemary extract.

4. The pet food composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol.

5. The pet food composition of claim 4, wherein the ratio of rosemary extract to tocopherol is from 1: 0.1 to 1: 5.

6. The pet food composition of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and combinations thereof.

7. The pet food composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.001% to 1.0% based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition.

8. The pet food composition of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein said at least one acidity regulator component is selected from the group consisting of: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, sorbic acid, and combinations thereof.

9. The pet food composition of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition.

10. The pet food composition of any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the pH is below 6.2.

11. The pet food composition of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein

i) The at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5,

ii) the at least one synthetic antioxidant is a combination of butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and

iii) the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid.

12. The pet food composition of any one of claims 1 to 11, further comprising a dietary component selected from the group consisting of: fats, oils, proteins, vitamins, starches, flavorants, colorants, and combinations thereof.

13. The pet food composition of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant and the at least one synthetic antioxidant are homogeneously integrated into the lipophilic matrix.

14. A method of producing the pet food composition of any one of claims 1 to 13, the method comprising

a) Admixing into the lipophilic matrix an additive for a pet food composition comprising:

i) at least one natural antioxidant, and

ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant,

b) mixing the at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH into a premix,

c) applying the enriched lipophilic matrix of step a) and the enriched pre-mix of step b) to a solid matrix prior to obtaining the pet food composition,

d) obtaining the pet food composition.

15. Use of the pet food composition of any one of claims 1 to 13 for improving the palatability of the pet food composition and/or for increasing the body weight of a healthy pet.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a pet food composition comprising at least one natural antioxidant and at least one synthetic antioxidant, and at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline. Furthermore, the invention comprises a method of producing said pet food composition and the use of said pet food composition.

Background

Essential components of animal feed are unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., n-3 and n-6 fatty acids. Thus, animal feed is generally susceptible to lipid oxidation. When free radical (X)^-、OH^-Etc.) lipid oxidation starts when a hydrogen atom is extracted from polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Peroxy radicals are then formed as a result of the reaction of the PUFA groups with oxygen. This situation persists when lipid peroxy radicals extract hydrogen atoms from new PUFAs (Holmer, 1993).

In order to prolong the stability of meals (diet) and meal components (diet components), stabilizers are often applied which prevent the electron transport of the meal components of the meal and thus avoid their rancidity. These stabilizers act as electron donors and thus protect the highly reactive percentage of the ingredients of the dietary component (e.g., unsaturated fats, vitamins, carotenoids, etc.), which are mainly essential nutrients for the target species. Furthermore, electron donors contribute to the safety of lipid stability, help to prevent toxic reaction products (peroxides), and they contribute to the long-term stability of the diet. The application of such electron donors is carried out in dietary components, such as fats and oils, or directly into the diet. The efficient electron donor is 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline (ethoxyquin).

In particular rancid lipids, which have very poor taste and odor, often result in the rejection of the diet by the target species. In rancid diets that are spoiled by lipid breakdown, vitamins such as vitamins a and E are destroyed by aggressive atoms or molecules with at least one unpaired valence electron. Pathological phenomena and toxic effects can also occur in the target species in the presence of decomposition products.

During the scientific re-evaluation of the european union, attention has been drawn to ethoxyquin for safety in consumers and animals. It is therefore an object to provide a suitable alternative to ethoxyquin in the context of pet foods.

In a study (report in 2004, experiments with rosemary (rosemary) extract as an antioxidant in rainbow trout (rainbowrout) diet) at Bavarian State agricultural Institute (Bavarian State Institute for agriculture), Fisheries Institute (Institute for Fisheries), an experiment with a natural antioxidant such as rosemary extract as an electron donor in salmonid diets was tested in the salmonid diet. In the experiment, it was found that rosemary extract as a natural antioxidant resulted in a reduced food intake compared to a diet without natural components. Thus, the prior art teaches that rosemary extract alone as a natural antioxidant is not sufficient to increase food intake of the target species.

Therefore, there is a need in the art for other suitable components, preferably in place of ethoxyquin.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to meet this need.

The solution of the invention is described in the following, exemplified in the appended embodiments, shown in the drawings and reflected in the claims.

Summary of The Invention

Surprisingly, it has now been found that the combination of one or more natural antioxidants in combination with one or more pH-lowering additives with one or more synthetic antioxidants not only stabilizes and prevents the rancidity of lipids in the diet, but also synergistically increases the acceptance and appeal of the diet in the target species by potentiating and reversing individual effects.

The present invention encompasses a pet food composition comprising i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

Furthermore, the present invention may contemplate pet food compositions wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts.

The plant extract preferably comprises oregano (oregano), sage (salvia) and/or rosemary (rosemary) extracts.

Additionally, the present invention contemplates pet food compositions wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol.

The ratio of rosemary extract to tocopherol may be from 1: 0.1 to 1: 5.

The present invention may encompass pet food compositions wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate (octygallate), tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride (tin-II-chloride).

The amount of the at least one synthetic antioxidant in the composition may be from 0.001% to 1.0% based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition.

Further, the present invention may comprise wherein at least one acidity regulator component is selected from: a pet food composition of citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid.

The amount of at least one acidity regulator component in the composition can be from 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition.

The present invention contemplates pet food compositions wherein the pH is less than 6.2.

The present invention may include pet food compositions wherein i) at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5, ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid.

The invention may comprise a pet food composition further comprising a dietary component selected from the group consisting of fats, oils, proteins, vitamins, starches, flavorants, and colorants.

The at least one natural antioxidant and the at least one synthetic antioxidant may be homogeneously integrated into the lipophilic matrix.

The present invention contemplates a process for producing a pet food composition comprising a) mixing an additive to a pet food composition comprising i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, into a lipophilic base, b) mixing at least one acidity regulator component that adjusts the pH into a premix, c) applying the enriched lipophilic base of step a) and the enriched premix of step b) to a solid base prior to obtaining the pet food composition, d) obtaining the pet food composition.

The invention also encompasses the use of a pet food composition for improving the palatability of the pet food composition and/or for increasing the body weight of a healthy pet.

Brief Description of Drawings

FIG. 1: body weight gain (%/pisces) in aquatic subjects. The synergistic effect of the combination of synthetic and natural antioxidants in specific ratios, together with the effect of the components that lower the pH and thus improve acceptability (diet SNC), increases the body weight of aquatic subjects (fish, e.g. teleichthyes, such as red phantom lipocarp (red phantom tetra) and yellow cichlid) by up to 14% compared to a control diet without supplements. The addition of natural antioxidants (diet NC) had an adverse effect on the body weight of the individual species up to 6% compared to the control diet.

Detailed Description

The present invention provides a pet food composition comprising i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust pH. Preferably wherein the pet food composition does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The term "pet food composition" refers to a wet or dry food composition for pets, in particular for fish. It may be in the form of a wet food, semi-wet food, dry food, supplement or treat (treat). The pet food composition may be in a kibble form, a tablet (flake), a pellet (pellet), a stick (stick), a granule (grain), a gel food (gelfood), or a tablet, among others. Preferably, the pet food composition is a dry food. Preferably, the pet food composition is for fish.

The term "natural" means naturally occurring or occurring in nature. Thus, natural antioxidants occur in nature. Once a natural antioxidant is identified, it can be isolated from nature, either by biological and/or chemical means. However, if isolated by biological and/or chemical means, it does not alter the source of the natural antioxidant, which is natural.

As used herein, the term "antioxidant" is a substance that, when present in a mixture comprising an oxidizable substrate or biomolecule, significantly delays or prevents oxidation of the substrate biomolecule. Antioxidants can scavenge biologically important reactive free radicals or other reactive oxygen species (O)₂ ^-、H₂O₂OH, HOCl, ferri (feryl), peroxy (peroxyl), peroxynitroso and alkoxy) or by preventing their formation or by catalytically converting free radicals or other reactive oxygen species into less reactive species. Relative antioxidant activity can be measured by cyclic voltammetry studies, where voltage (x-axis) is an indicator of relative antioxidant activity. The voltage at which the first peak occurs is an indication of the voltage at which electrons are given, which in turn is an indicator of antioxidant activity. Antioxidants, which may also be referred to as (feed) additives, are added to pet food compositions.

The at least one natural antioxidant may be selected from the group consisting of tocopherol, ascorbic acid, plant extracts, and any combination thereof.

The at least one natural antioxidant may be selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts. The at least one natural antioxidant may be tocopherol and ascorbic acid and plant extracts. The at least one natural antioxidant may be tocopherol and ascorbic acid. The at least one natural antioxidant may be tocopherol and plant extracts. The at least one natural antioxidant may be tocopherol or ascorbic acid or a plant extract.

Tocopherols are a class of organic chemical compounds having vitamin E activity. This class consists primarily of beta-, gamma-and tocopherols, but also includes alpha-tocopherol, each of which has a different biological activity (Burton and Ingold1981.J. am. chem. Soc. 103: 6472-. As a food additive, tocopherols are labeled with these E numbers: e306 (tocopherol), E307(α -tocopherol), E308(γ -tocopherol) and E309 (-tocopherol). These have been approved for use as antioxidants in the united states, the european union and australia, as well as new zealand. In the present invention, a mixture of tocopherols may be used. In particular, alpha-, beta-, gamma-and tocopherols can be used, wherein the mixture can comprise > 50% non-alpha-tocopherols.

The term "ascorbic acid (C)₆H₈O₆) "is an organic compound derived from a monosaccharide. It is highly soluble in water. Ascorbic acid refers to vitamin C and is used as a dietary supplement. In the food industry, its antioxidant and stabilizing capabilities have been exploited.

The term "plant extract" refers to a substance made by extracting a portion of a plant material. The extraction may be performed by using a solvent such as ethanol or water. The plant extract can be used as tincture or in powder form. In the present invention, (the) plant extract may be used as a tincture or as a powder form.

Preferably, the plant extract comprises oregano, sage and/or rosemary extract. The plant extracts may comprise oregano extract and sage extract and rosemary extract. The plant extract may comprise oregano extract or sage extract or rosemary extract. The plant extract is an oregano extract, preferably the plant extract is a sage extract, and more preferably the plant extract is a rosemary extract.

The inventors have found that at least one natural antioxidant is preferably a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol.

The ratio of rosemary extract to tocopherol may be from 1: 0.1 to 1: 5. Preferably, the ratio of rosemary extract to tocopherol in the mixture is from 1: 0.4 to 1: 3, more preferably the ratio of rosemary extract to tocopherol is from 1: 1 to 1: 1.3.

The dose of the individual components (e.g. rosemary extract or tocopherol including the carrier) or the mixture (e.g. rosemary extract and tocopherol including the carrier) is 10 to 400mg/kg of meal, preferably 20 to 200mg/kg of meal, more preferably 70 to 95mg/kg of meal, e.g. 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94 or 95mg/kg of meal. If mixtures are used, the proportions of the components (rosemary extract and tocopherol and carrier) to achieve a particular dose may vary depending on the dose aimed at. In this context, the term "carrier" refers to a diluent, adjuvant or vehicle with which the components are administered. The carrier can be a sterile liquid, such as water and oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or synthetic origin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and the like. Here, the carrier (e.g., water) and the natural antioxidant (e.g., rosemary extract and tocopherol) may form a solution.

The term "synthetic" means not naturally occurring, but rather is related to synthesis, is made by or involves synthesis. Synthetic antioxidants belong to the class of compounds/substances formed by chemical processes, for example by human agents (human agency) as opposed to those of natural origin.

The at least one synthetic antioxidant may be selected from: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium disulfite, potassium disulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin chloride II, preferably, the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate. The at least one synthetic antioxidant may be butylated hydroxytoluene and propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate. The at least one synthetic antioxidant may be butylated hydroxytoluene or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate. The present invention may also include at least one synthetic antioxidant which is butylated hydroxyanisole and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate. Thus, the at least one synthetic antioxidant may be butylated hydroxyanisole and propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate. The at least one synthetic antioxidant may be butylated hydroxyanisole or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate.

The term "Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)" refers to an antioxidant and is a lipophilic organic compound, chemically a derivative of phenol. It is also known as "dibutylhydroxytoluene". In the united states, it is classified as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) based on a National Cancer Institute (National Cancer Institute) study in 1979. In the european Union (Euopean Union), it is mainly used as an antioxidant food additive with E number E321.

The term "butylated hydroxyanisole" refers to an antioxidant consisting of a mixture of two isomeric organic compounds, namely 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole. It is a waxy solid and is used as a food additive with E number E320.

The term "propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate" refers to propyl gallate, and is an ester formed by the condensation of gallic acid with propanol. Propyl gallate is used as an antioxidant and is added to foods containing fats and oils to prevent oxidation. As a food additive, it was used as E number E310.

The amount of the at least one synthetic antioxidant in the composition may be from 0.001% to 1.0% based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition. Preferably, from 0.01% to 0.04% based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition, more preferably, from 0.015% to 0.025% based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition, such as 0.015%, 0.016%, 0.017%, 0.018%, 0.019%, 0.020%, 0.021%, 0.022%, 0.023%, 0.024%, 0.025% based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition. As an example of a pet food composition having at least one synthetic antioxidant in an amount of 0.02% based on the crude fat (raw fat) content of the pet food composition, 10mg/kg of synthetic antioxidant may be used for a pet food composition having 5% crude fat and 30mg/kg of synthetic antioxidant may be used for a pet food composition having 15% crude fat. The dose (in an amount of 0.001% to 1.0%, or in an amount of 0.01% to 0.04%, preferably in an amount of 0.015% to 0.025%) may be applied to a single synthetic antioxidant (e.g., butylhydroxytoluene or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate) or it may be applied to a mixture of synthetic antioxidants (e.g., such as butylhydroxytoluene and propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate). In this context, the mixture of synthetic antioxidants may be based on the sum (sum) of the synthetic antioxidants.

The term "crude fat content of the pet food composition" is determined by general animal feed analysis, e.g. by the classical "weeder futtermitella analysis" known to the person skilled in the art. The classic "weenderfuthermittelanalyse" includes standard procedures that are essential for determining the nutritional value of an animal's diet. Here, it is classified into crude ash (which means inorganic substances) and organic substances such as crude fibers (e.g., cellulose, pentosan, etc.), crude proteins (e.g., peptides, amino acids, etc.), crude fats (triglyceride, wax, carotene, oil, etc.), and nitrogen-free substances.

The term "acidity regulator component" refers to a component that regulates pH. In other words, the component is a component that lowers the pH and thus improves acceptability. At least one acidity regulator component can be used as an acceptance and attraction enhancer and weighting agent. The acidity regulator component may also be referred to as a (feed) additive.

The at least one acidity regulator component may be selected from: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid. The at least one acidity regulator component can be citric acid and formic acid and propionic acid and lactic acid and sorbic acid. The at least one acidity regulator component may be citric acid or formic acid or propionic acid or lactic acid or sorbic acid. At least one component may be citric acid and formic acid; or citric acid and propionic acid; or citric acid and lactic acid; or citric acid and sorbic acid. Preferably, at least one acidity regulator component is formic acid, more preferably, at least one acidity regulator component is lactic acid, and most preferably, at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid.

The term "citric acid (C)₆H₈O₇) "is a weak organic tricarboxylic acid. It is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle or in aerobic organisms. It occurs naturally in citrus (citrus) fruits. Citric acid and other acids(e.g., formic, propionic, lactic and sorbic acids) and their salts and mixtures are commonly added to the diet as preservatives at very low doses of about 0.005% to prevent microbial spoilage. These preservatives are also present in commercial products at minimum concentrations of 0.0005% to 0.005% to prevent rancidity of lipid use.

The amount of the at least one acidity regulator component in the composition can be from 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition. Preferably, the dosage of the components for lowering the pH is the following amounts: from 0.01% to 1% by weight of the pet food composition, and more preferably, from 0.028% to 0.034% by weight of the pet food composition, such as from 0.028%, 0.029%, 0.030%, 0.031%, 0.032%, 0.033% and 0.034% by weight of the pet food composition. In order to suitably lower the pH of the pet food composition and achieve an increased acceptance of the food in the target species, the amount (dose) of the acidity regulator component may be 0.005% higher than the usual dose of preservatives, e.g. citric acid and other acids, such as e.g. formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, and salts and mixtures thereof. In this context, the terms "… … weight", "percentage by … … weight", or "w/w%" refer to the weight of the final pet food composition.

During the application of the combination of at least one natural antioxidant and at least one synthetic antioxidant, it is necessary to use the synthetic and natural antioxidants in very specific ratios in order to achieve a synergistic effect in combination with at least one acidity regulator component as a stabilizer in a pet food composition. The ratio of synthetic antioxidant (see [45]) combined with additives (acidity regulator components), such as e.g. citric acid ([50]), to natural antioxidant ([38]) may vary depending on the lipid content of the pet food composition.

Further, the pH of the pet food composition may be below 6.2. The term "less than" means less than or equal to. Preferably, the pH is 6.2 or below 6.2, e.g. 6.1, 6.0, 5.9, 5.8, 5.7, 5.6, 5.5, 5.4, 5.3, 5.2, 5.1, 5.0, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4.0, 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, 3.0.

The invention also includes a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

Further, the invention includes a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, wherein the plant extracts comprise oregano, sage and/or rosemary extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

Additionally, the invention includes a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

Additionally, the invention encompasses pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The invention also includes a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.001% to 1.0% based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The invention also includes a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The invention also includes a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin chloride II; and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, wherein the plant extract comprises oregano, sage and/or rosemary extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention encompasses pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is in an amount of 0.001% to 1.0% in the composition based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention includes pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, wherein the plant extract comprises oregano, sage and/or rosemary extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is in an amount of 0.001% to 1.0% in the composition based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention includes pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, wherein the plant extracts comprise oregano, sage and/or rosemary extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention includes pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention includes pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention includes pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, wherein the plant extracts comprise oregano, sage and/or rosemary extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention includes pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention includes pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is selected from the group consisting of: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.001% to 10%, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is selected from: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is present in the composition in an amount of 0.001% to 10%, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium disulfite, potassium disulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin chloride II, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component for adjusting the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is selected from the group consisting of: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, wherein the plant extract comprises oregano, sage and/or rosemary extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium disulfite, potassium disulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin chloride II, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is selected from the group consisting of: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium disulfite, potassium disulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin chloride II, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is selected from the group consisting of: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention encompasses pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, sodium disulfite, potassium disulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin chloride II, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is selected from the group consisting of: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from: butyl hydroxy abutilon ether, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, t-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, sodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, wherein the plant extract comprises oregano, sage and/or rosemary extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is present in the composition in an amount of 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is present in the composition in an amount of 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention encompasses pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is present in the composition in an amount of 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, wherein the plant extract comprises oregano, sage and/or rosemary extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from: butyl hydroxy abutilon ether, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, sodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component for regulating the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention encompasses pet food compositions comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is selected from the group consisting of: butyl hydroxyanisole, butyl hydroxytoluene, propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, calcium sulfite, calcium hydrogen sulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium L-ascorbate, calcium L-ascorbate, esters, octyl gallate, tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), citrate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium disodium EDTA, diphosphate, disodium diphosphate, trisodium diphosphate, tetrasodium diphosphate, diphosphonate diphosphate, calcium diphosphate, triphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate, pentapotassium triphosphate, polyphosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium polyphosphate, calcium polyphosphate, tin II chloride, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to regulate pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention encompasses a pet food composition comprising i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the amount of the at least one synthetic antioxidant in the composition is from 0.001% to 1.0% based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is selected from the group consisting of: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is in an amount of 0.001% to 1.0% in the composition based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is in an amount of 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is in an amount of 0.001% to 1.0% in the composition based on the crude fat content of the pet food composition, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is selected from: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is selected from: citric acid, formic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid and sorbic acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.001% to 10% by weight of the composition, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or a plant extract, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The present invention contemplates a pet food composition comprising: i) at least one natural antioxidant, wherein the at least one natural antioxidant is selected from tocopherol and/or ascorbic acid and/or plant extracts, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, wherein the at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxyanisole and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component to adjust the pH, wherein the at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

Preferably, the present invention comprises a pet food composition wherein i) at least one natural antioxidant is a combination of rosemary extract and tocopherol in a ratio of 1: 0.1 to 1: 5, ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant is butylated hydroxytoluene and/or propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and iii) at least one acidity regulator component is citric acid, wherein the pet food composition preferably does not comprise 1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline.

The term "1, 2-dihydro-6-ethoxy-2, 2, 4-trimethylquinoline" refers to ethoxyquin (EQ, ethoxyquin) which is a quinoline-based synthetic antioxidant used as a food preservative in some countries. It is used as a preservative in some pet foods to prevent rancidity (rancidification). Preferably, the fish meal is protected with synthetic antioxidants. It is speculated that ethoxyquin in pet foods (e.g., fish meal) may be associated with a variety of health issues for the animal itself as well as for consumers eating the animal (e.g., fish). Thus, there is an interest in Food safety to reduce the maximum level of synthetic antioxidants (e.g., ethoxyquin) permitted in Food for human consumption (Bohne et al 2008, Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46, 1834-.

The pet food composition may further comprise a dietary component selected from the group consisting of: fats, oils, proteins, vitamins, starches, flavoring agents and coloring agents. The pet food composition may further comprise a dietary component comprising: fats, and oils, and proteins, and vitamins, and starches, and flavors, and colors. The pet food composition may further comprise a dietary component comprising: fat or oil or protein or vitamin or starch or flavouring or colouring agent.

Pet food may comprise fat and oil. Fats include animal fats (e.g., tallow) or vegetable fats (e.g., hydrogenated soy fat). Any suitable oil may be used; such as vegetable oils, e.g., sunflower oil, safflower seed oil, corn oil, etc. Oils high in mono-d-fats are particularly preferred. Hydrogenated oils or fats are also preferred. The liquid fat and oil form a lipophilic matrix for the pet food composition.

Further, the pet food comprises protein. Suitable protein sources may be selected from any suitable animal or vegetable protein source; such as meat meal, bone meal, fish meal, soy protein concentrate, milk protein, glutenin (gluten), and the like. The choice of protein source will be determined in large part by the nutritional needs, palatability considerations, and the type of cereal product produced. Of course, the starch source may also be a protein source.

Vitamins commonly used as food additives are also included in pet food compositions, including vitamin a, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D, biotin, vitamin K, folic acid, inositol, niacin, and pantothenic acid. Minerals and trace elements that may also be used as food additives include calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc, chloride, iron, selenium, iodine, and iron, and may also be added to the pet food composition.

Suitable starch sources are, for example, cereal flours (grain flours), such as corn, rice, wheat, sugar beet, barley, soy and oats. Mixtures of these powders may also be used. The flour may be a whole flour, or may be a flour from which some fractions have been removed; for example, the germ fraction or the husk (husk) fraction may be removed. Rice flour (rice flours), corn flour and wheat flour are particularly suitable; used alone or in combination. The starch source will be selected based in large part on nutritional value, palatability considerations, and the type of pet food desired.

Suitable particulate flavours include shrimp (shrimp) and krill meal (krill meal), sugar, chocolate meal, milk meal, malt meal, flavoured beverage powders (flavoured taste powder), and the like. Colorants include, for example, carotenoids and algae. Proteins, vitamins, minerals, starches, flavorants, colorants, and the like form the solid matrix of the pet food composition.

The pet food composition consists essentially of a starch source and the following further ingredients known to the skilled person: such as sugars, salts, flavors, seasonings, vitamins, minerals, fillers, binders, flavorants, colorants, emulsifiers, sweeteners, buffers, antioxidants, protein sources, fats, oils, and the like. The specific amounts of each composition component, food ingredient, and other ingredients can depend on a variety of factors, such as the particular components and ingredients included in the composition; an animal species; age, weight, overall health, sex, and diet of the animal; the consumption rate of the animal; and the like.

Additionally, the pet food composition may comprise a wet or dry food composition, which may be in the form of a wet food, semi-wet food, dry food, supplement, or treat. The pet food composition may be in a kibble form, tablet, pellet, bar, granule, gel food, or tablet, and the like. Preferably, the pet food composition is a dry food.

In a preferred pet food composition, at least one natural antioxidant and at least one synthetic antioxidant are homogeneously integrated into the lipophilic matrix prior to obtaining the pet food composition.

Preferably, the additives (natural and synthetic antioxidants) are mixed into the lipophilic matrix, thereby obtaining a lipophilic enriched matrix. The acidity regulator component is mixed into the premix (premix) to obtain an enriched premix. The enriched lipophilic matrix and the enriched premix are then homogeneously dispersed into a solid matrix. Subsequently, processed into pet food compositions.

In this context, the term "premix" refers to a solid mixture comprising a carrier as a substance already contained in the main mixture (pet food composition) and comprising micro-components. The micro-component is a substance in an amount of less than 0.5% in the formulation. The micro-components are typically vitamins, trace elements, minerals and additives, preferably at least one acidity regulator component that regulates pH, more preferably citric acid. Thus, the premix may comprise a carrier and citric acid. The micro-components, such as citric acid, may be homogeneously mixed into the carrier to provide a pre-mix. Here, the carrier used in the preliminary mixture is different from the carrier as described in [39 ].

The term "integrated" means dispersed, distributed, or mixed. In this context, the term "homogeneously" means that the at least one natural antioxidant and the at least one synthetic antioxidant and the at least one acidity regulator component dissolved and/or dispersed in the lipophilic matrix are almost homogeneously, preferably homogeneously, distributed in the lipophilic matrix such that the concentration ("c") (either "n" in case of molar mass or "m" in case of mass) of the at least one natural antioxidant and the at least one synthetic antioxidant and the at least one acidity regulator component is almost identical, preferably identical in the volume ("v") of the lipophilic matrix (or in the entire volume), i.e. c ═ n/v or c ═ m/v, respectively, is almost constant, preferably constant. Preferably, no concentration gradient is present in the pet food composition.

The present invention also includes incorporating a lipophilic enriched matrix (enriched by mixing additives such as natural and synthetic antioxidants into the lipophilic matrix) into the pet food composition after processing the solid matrix into the pet food composition. This may occur by coating, spraying and/or vacuuming.

The companion animal may be a vertebrate and/or an invertebrate. Vertebrates consist of "lower vertebrates" (e.g., fish and amphibians) and "higher vertebrates" (e.g., reptiles, birds, and mammals). The vertebrates of the present invention include higher vertebrates, which include, but are not limited to, all kinds of mammals, such as cats, kittens (kitten), dogs, puppies (puppy), horses, mice, hamsters, cattle, pigs, sheep, and the like. The vertebrates of the present invention also include lower vertebrates, which include, but are not limited to, all kinds of fish.

Preferably, the vertebrate is a lower vertebrate, preferably a fish, more preferably a bony fish (bony fish), most preferably an ornamental fish belonging to, for example, the following families: lipo-cyprinidae (characin), Spanish mackerel (barb), Limonidae (cichlid), medakaceae (live bearer), Cyprinaceae (cyprinid). In a preferred embodiment, the pet animal is a red Phantom Cyprinus carpioides and/or yellow Pagrus major (Labidochromyis).

Additionally, the pet food compositions of the present invention may be palatable to fish. Accordingly, the present invention encompasses pet food compositions, wherein the pet food composition may be palatable to fish. Palatability of the pet food composition may be achieved by mixing the additives (at least one natural antioxidant and at least one synthetic antioxidant of the invention) into the lipophilic base prior to obtaining the pet food composition. Additionally, palatability of the pet food composition is preferably achieved by mixing at least one acidity regulator component for acceptance and appeal enhancement, weight gain, and optimized feed utilization into the premix before the lipophilic enriched base and the premix can be homogeneously dispersed into a solid base and then processed into the pet food composition of the present invention.

In addition, the pet food composition increases the weight of the fish. Accordingly, the present invention includes pet food compositions wherein the pet food composition can increase the weight of fish. The weight gain (%/class piscidae) of the fish due to the greater food intake of said aquatic subject, which finds itself highly palatable due to the pet food of specific composition according to the invention, is measured with a special digital scale in the case of a mobile animal, preferably a model adapted to the fish.

The term "increase (increase)/weight gain" or "weight gain" refers to weight gain (increase)/increase (enhancement) of a pet, preferably a fish. An increase in body weight not only refers to an increase in body fat. The body of pets, especially fish, is proportionally larger (lager)/bigger (bigger), which means an increase in muscle mass, organ growth and bone growth. An increase in growth of a pet is defined by an increase in body weight. Thus, the term "growth" is used interchangeably with the term "body weight".

Further, the pet of the present invention may be an invertebrate. The invertebrate may be a decapod (decapod). Decapod animals are crustaceans in the class of the soft-shelled turtle (Malacostraca). Decapod animals include many familiar groups such as crayfish (crayfish), crab (crab), lobster (lobster), prawn (prawn), and shrimp.

Method of producing pet food composition

The present invention also contemplates a method of producing a pet food composition, the method comprising: a) admixing an additive of a pet food composition comprising i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, to a lipophilic base, b) admixing at least one acidity regulator component for adjusting the pH to a premix, c) applying the enriched lipophilic base of step a) and the enriched premix of step b) to a solid base prior to obtaining the pet food composition, d) obtaining the pet food composition.

Stabilization of the dietary and lipophilic components may be carried out in a dietary solid matrix prior to processing. In this case, the addition of the stabilizing component can be carried out by means of a lipophilic component. For this purpose, these stabilizing components (natural and synthetic antioxidants) can be mixed into the lipophilic substance matrix.

Step a) refers to the homogeneous integration of additives (natural and synthetic antioxidants) into the lipophilic matrix, thus obtaining a lipophilic enriched matrix. Additives for acceptance and attraction enhancement, weight gain and optimization of feed utilization, e.g. at least one acidity regulator component, can be mixed into the premix in step b) to obtain an enriched premix. Preferably, the mixing of the at least one acidity regulator component into the pre-mix is achieved by homogenization in a conventional mixer known to those skilled in the art. After this, the enriched lipophilic matrix and the enriched premix can then be homogeneously dispersed into the solid matrix (feed matrix). The homogeneous dispersion of the lipophilic enriched matrix and the premix into the solid matrix can again be achieved in a conventional mixer. Different mixers may be used depending on whether a solid mixture for the extrudate can be produced, for example pellets for tablet production or a paste (mash). Subsequently, the pet food composition may be processed. Processing can be carried out in a tabletting drum (flake drum) (110 ℃ to 160 ℃), in an extruder (80 ℃ to 180 ℃), in a tabletting machine (18 ℃ to 40 ℃) and in a granulator (20 ℃ to 120 ℃). If moist and/or soft foods can be processed, temperatures of from 18 ℃ to 180 ℃ can be used. The temperature may depend on the pet food composition obtained, whether a dry pet food (e.g., pellets and/or tablets) or a wet pet food can be produced.

Non-medical uses

The invention also encompasses the use of a pet food composition for improving the palatability of the pet food composition and/or for increasing the body weight of a healthy pet. The invention also includes the use of a pet food composition for improving the palatability of a pet food composition. The invention also encompasses the use of a pet food composition for increasing the body weight of a healthy pet. The invention also encompasses the use of a pet food composition for improving the palatability of the pet food composition and for increasing the body weight of a healthy pet. However, the same use of the pet food composition may also apply to non-healthy pets.

The term "increasing" is used interchangeably with the terms "improving" or "enhancing".

The term "healthy pet" refers to a pet that does not suffer from any disorder/disease. Thus, the pet is in a good condition (wearing well).

The synergistic effect of the combination of synthetic and natural antioxidants in a particular ratio, and the effect of the components that lower the pH and thus improve acceptability (see dietary SNC in fig. 1) can increase the weight of an aquatic subject by up to 2.5%, or up to 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, 7%, 7.5%, 8%, 8.5%, 9%, 9.5%, 10%, 10.5%, 11%, 11.5%, 12%, 12.5%, 13%, 13.5%, 14%, 14.5%, 15%, 15.5%, 16%, 16.5%, 17%, 17.5%, 18%, 18.5%, 19%, 19.5%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, or even up to 100%. The term "up to%" means an increase/decrease of the indicated number, excluding an increase/decrease of 0%.

Preferably, it increases the body weight of the aquatic subject by up to 14% compared to a control diet without supplement. If the pet is a red phantom lipocarp, the combination can increase the body weight of the aquatic subject by about 14% compared to a control diet without supplements (see diet SNC of red phantom lipocarp in fig. 1). The addition of natural antioxidants (see diet NC for both goals in fig. 1) can have an adverse effect on the body weight of individual species of up to 6% compared to the control diet, indicating that the addition of natural antioxidants (e.g., tocopherol and rosemary extract) alone, as well as the action of the acidity regulator component citric acid, may not be sufficient to make the pet food composition more palatable and thus increase the body weight of aquatic subjects. The addition of synthetic antioxidants (see diet SC for both objectives in fig. 1) may not have an effect on the body weight of the individual species compared to the control diet, indicating that the effect of the addition of synthetic antioxidants alone, such as butylated hydroxytoluene (butylated hydroxyanisole) and propyl 3,4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate, and the acidity regulator component citric acid may not be sufficient to make the pet food composition more palatable and thus increase the body weight of aquatic subjects.

In addition, the invention includes the use of a pet food composition for protecting the pet food composition from oxidation. The additives of the present invention can be used as electron donors that prevent the release of electrons from the protected dietary component. Lipid degradation can occur chemically physically by absorption of odors, chemically by the activity of tissue enzymes or microorganisms, or by the delivery of electrons to oxygen atoms. In detail, the release of electrons occurs at an oxygen atom which has only a single unpaired valence electron and is therefore very aggressive. The strong pressure of filling the envelope layer with another electron to be trapped makes these substances so aggressive. These aggressive oxygen atoms can react with the most diverse compounds and can destroy them by the reactions that take place.

Unsaturated fatty acids in the diet can react spontaneously with atmospheric oxygen in the diet. As the number of double bonds increases, the tendency to release more electrons also increases. In this process, peroxides and hydroperoxides are formed first, and aldehydes, acids and polymerization products that characterise the degraded lipids in a sensory manner are formed in a secondary reaction. They are responsible for rancidity (degradation) of the typical off-taste of lipids. Peroxides also inactivate certain nutrients, such as specific vitamins. As a result, the utilization of the diet becomes poor (the diet becomes worse), the weight of the target species (e.g., lower vertebrates) stagnates, and further physiological damage to the target species occurs. For this purpose, electron donors are frequently added which intercept the mainly formed atoms or molecules with at least one unpaired valence electron, thereby interrupting the continuous emission of electrons from the unsaturated fatty acids. Thus, rancidity of dietary components can be prevented.

Furthermore, the present invention contemplates the use of a pet food composition for improving the water quality and reducing the growth of algae in a pet, preferably, if the pet is a fish, more preferably, if the pet is a bony fish, most preferably, if the pet is an (artificial) habitat of an aquarium fish.

The present invention also includes a method of improving the palatability of a pet food composition comprising: a) admixing an additive to a pet food composition comprising i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, into a lipophilic base, b) admixing at least one acidity regulator component that adjusts the pH into a pre-mix, thereby improving the palatability of the pet food composition compared to a pre-mix without the at least one acidity regulator component applied, c) applying an enriched lipophilic base and an enriched pre-mix to a solid base, optionally d) obtaining the pet food composition.

In addition, the present invention also contemplates a method of protecting a pet food composition from oxidation, the method comprising: a) admixing an additive of a pet food composition comprising i) at least one natural antioxidant, and ii) at least one synthetic antioxidant, into a lipophilic base, thereby protecting the lipophilic base from oxidation compared to the lipophilic base without the admixed additive applied, b) admixing at least one acidity regulator component that regulates the pH into a premix, c) applying an enriched lipophilic base and the enriched premix to a solid base, optionally d) obtaining the pet food composition.

The invention also includes a method of increasing body weight in a pet comprising administering to the pet a pet food composition. The invention also includes a method of increasing the weight of a healthy pet comprising administering to the healthy pet a pet food composition. However, the same method of weight gain may also be applied to non-healthy pets.

Medical use

The invention also encompasses pet food compositions for use in a method of treating weight loss in a pet. The terms "weight deficiency" or "short weight" are used interchangeably with the term "weight deficiency". A pet suffering from weight loss has a weight that is less than the weight that would be required for normal, healthy, or the pet. Feeding a pet food composition of the invention to a pet suffering from weight deficiency may be capable of treating a deficiency (limitation) in said pet.

****

Note that as used herein, a noun without a quantitative modification includes one or more of that noun unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to "an agent" includes one or more of such different agents, and reference to "the method" includes equivalent steps and methods known to those of ordinary skill in the art that may be modified or substituted for the methods described herein.

The term "at least" preceding a series of elements is to be understood to refer to each element in the series, unless otherwise indicated. The term "at least one" refers to one or more, such as two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalent implementations are intended to be encompassed by the present invention.

The term "and/or" as used herein, wherever it is used, includes the meanings of "and", "or" and "all or any other combination of elements connected by the term".

The term "less than" or conversely "greater than" does not include the specified number.

For example, less than 20 means less than the indicated number. Similarly, more or greater means more or greater than the indicated number.

Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the word "comprise", and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising", will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated integer or step or group of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or steps. The term "comprising" may be substituted with the term "comprising" or "including" as used herein, or sometimes with the term "having" as used herein. As used herein, "consisting of … …" does not include any elements, steps or ingredients not specified.

The term "including" means "including but not limited to". "include" and "include but are not limited to" are used interchangeably.

The term "about" means plus or minus 10%, preferably plus or minus 5%, more preferably plus or minus 2%, most preferably plus or minus 1%.

Throughout the description and claims of this specification, terms that are not modified by numerical terms encompass one or more than one unless the context requires otherwise. In particular, where a noun is used without a quantitative modification, this specification should be understood to encompass one or more of that noun unless the context requires otherwise.

It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, materials, reagents, materials, etc., described herein, and as such may vary. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is defined only by the claims.

All publications (including all patents, patent applications, scientific publications, instructions, etc.) cited throughout the text of this specification, whether supra or infra, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Nothing herein is to be construed as an admission that the invention is not entitled to antedate such disclosure by virtue of prior invention. If material incorporated by reference contradicts or is inconsistent with this specification, the specification will take precedence over any such material.

The contents of all documents and patent documents cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety.

A better understanding of the present invention and its advantages will be obtained from the following examples, which are provided for purposes of illustration only. The examples are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Examples of the invention

Example 1: the pet food composition is used as a diet for lower vertebrates.

The combination of the stabilizers of the invention (at least one synthetic antioxidant and at least one natural antioxidant and at least one acidity regulator component; the diet SNC in fig. 1) was tested in cold and warm water on diets of lower vertebrates in three parallel each, in comparison with a control diet without any stabilizer (control diet) and different test diets with synthetic antioxidants containing a supplement with a component reducing the pH (diet SC in fig. 1) or with natural antioxidants containing a supplement with a component reducing the pH (diet NC in fig. 1), against ornamental teleostomia (teleostoma such as lipomyces erythraeus and yellowiphigenia major known as little black forceus caeruleus) characteristic for aquatic habitataries.

As internal results of the feeding test show, the synergistic effect of the combination of synthetic and natural antioxidants in specific ratios, and the effect of the components that lower the pH and thus improve acceptability (dietary SNC), increases the body weight of aquatic subjects (e.g. lipocarp red phantom/or Sparus albus) up to 14% compared to control diet without supplement. As a result, it was also shown that the addition of natural antioxidants (dietary NC) had an adverse effect on the body weight of individual species up to 6% compared to the control (fig. 1).

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