阅读说明：本技术 实现工作面末采无专用通道、煤柱与快速回撤设备的方法 (Method for realizing no special channel, coal pillar and quick withdrawing device for working face end mining ) 是由 乔建永 王志强 范新民 王树帅 苏泽华 王炳文 于 2019-04-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及煤炭开采领域,尤其涉及实现工作面末采无专用通道、煤柱与快速回撤设备的方法。结合现有技术存在的煤炭损失、巷道工程量与成本以及回撤速度慢等问题,确定采用末采无专用通道、无煤柱,工作面与上山或大巷直接贯通,自动形成沿空留巷的方法,与传统回撤方式不同,本发明采用无通道、无煤柱,在断面大且配备辅助运输系统的上山或大巷内直接回撤设备的方法。首先,这种布置方式可显著提高矿井采出率；其次,无预掘回撤通道可显著降低巷道工程量与维护成本；最后,该技术在具有断面大、配备有辅助运输系统特征的上山或大巷内直接回撤设备的速度得以显著提高。(The invention relates to the field of coal mining, in particular to a method for realizing no special channel, coal pillar and quick withdrawing equipment for working face end mining. The method is different from the traditional withdrawal mode, and adopts a method of directly withdrawing equipment in the mountain climbing or large lane with large section and an auxiliary transportation system without a channel and a coal pillar. Firstly, the arrangement mode can obviously improve the mining rate of the mine; secondly, the tunnel engineering quantity and the maintenance cost can be obviously reduced without a pre-digging withdrawal channel; finally, the speed of the technology for directly withdrawing equipment in mountains or large roadways with large sections and equipped with auxiliary transportation systems is significantly increased.)

1. The method for realizing the end mining of the working face without a special channel, a coal pillar and a quick withdrawing device is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

a. the working face is not provided with a special withdrawal channel and no coal pillar, and is directly communicated with a mountain or a large roadway;

b. when the working face is not mined, the mining height, speed and the like are adjusted to control the coal pillars between the working face and the mountain or the large roadway to be damaged in advance, ropes are hung, nets are laid and the like to control the top plate on the working face, and reinforcement supporting measures are taken for the mountain or the large roadway until the coal pillars are suddenly damaged until the coal pillars are penetrated;

c. when the working face runs through a mountain or a large roadway, a hydraulic support on a stoping line is used for cutting the top, and reinforced support is assisted by materials such as an anchor rope, the two roadways of the working face are sealed, the support is close to the side of a goaf for lapping, hanging a rope and spraying slurry, and air leakage control is assisted by air duct cloth, so that a novel gob-side entry retaining technology is formed;

d. and (3) withdrawing the hydraulic supports arranged along the goaf from top to bottom in sequence by utilizing the formed ascending gob-side entry retaining, wherein the hydraulic supports can be directly loaded and withdrawn.

2. The method for realizing the working face end mining without the special channel, the coal pillar and the quick retraction equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step a, the working face end mining is not provided with the special retraction channel, the end mining is not provided with the coal pillar, the sectional type and panel type strike long wall working face is directly communicated with the mountain, and the sectional type inclined long wall working face is directly communicated with the large roadway.

3. The method for realizing the non-exclusive passage, the coal pillar and the rapid withdrawing device for the working face end mining as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step b, the mining height, the mining speed and the like are adjusted to control the coal pillar to be damaged in advance when the working face is in the end mining, a top plate is controlled on the working face by hanging ropes, laying nets and the like, and reinforcing and supporting measures are taken for the mountain or the large roadway until the coal pillar is broken suddenly until the coal pillar is penetrated.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step c, when the working face passes through the mountain or the roadway, the stoping operation is finished, the working face is stopped on the through line, the two roadways of the working face are sealed, the hydraulic support is used for topping, the top plate of the mountain or the roadway is reinforced and supported, the metal mesh behind the support is sprayed after the top plate collapses, and the air duct cloth is laid to prevent air leakage to the goaf, so that a novel gob-side entry retaining technology is formed.

5. The method for realizing the non-exclusive passage, the coal pillar and the rapid withdrawing device for the working face end mining according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step d, the formed gob-side entry retaining is utilized to withdraw the hydraulic supports arranged along the goaf from top to bottom in sequence, and the hydraulic supports can be directly loaded into equipment such as a mine car or a rail clamping car and directly withdrawn to a target site.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of coal mining, in particular to a method for realizing no special channel, coal pillar and quick withdrawing equipment for working face end mining.

Background

When a working face is recovered, generally when the working face is close to a mountain or a large roadway, in order to avoid damage caused by the influence of mining of the working face on the stability of surrounding rocks of the mountain or the large roadway, at least 20-40m of protective coal pillars are reserved on one side of the mountain or the large roadway, and an equipment withdrawal channel is arranged on the outer side of each protective coal pillar, as shown in fig. 1. And stopping the mining when the working face is pushed to the position of the withdrawing passage, which is also called a mining stopping line. After the working surface reaches the stope line, the equipment including the hydraulic support needs to be moved to other working surfaces or places, which is also called "moving home" or "equipment withdrawing".

As shown in fig. 1, representing the most efficient withdrawal mode at home and abroad at present, when a working face is withdrawn in an upward mountain or large roadway direction, a main withdrawal channel and an auxiliary withdrawal channel are arranged on the outer side of a protective coal pillar in advance, the distance between the two withdrawal channels is generally kept at about 20-25m, the two withdrawal channels are communicated by using a communication roadway, and the distance between the communication roadways is arranged at about 30 m.

When the working face is about to advance to the main channel of withdrawing, utilize the regulation gallery that arranges in advance to adjust working face direction and height, realize the working face and withdraw the link up of passageway with the main, after the working face is linked up with the main channel of withdrawing, equipment is transported to the return air crossheading from the main channel of withdrawing, or transport to the auxiliary channel of withdrawing and then transport to the return air crossheading through the connecting gallery, form the multiple spot operation that the equipment of working face withdrawed, at present, this kind of double withdrawal passageway is the typical quick withdrawal mode at home and abroad.

However, this way of arranging the retreat path in advance has the following problems: the problem of recovery rate. Generally, 20-40m of protective coal pillars are reserved on one side of a working face in a mountain or a large roadway, 20-25m of coal pillars are reserved between double withdrawal channels in the withdrawal mode, namely after equipment withdrawal is carried out on the working face at the end of mining, only a single working face on one side of the mountain or the large roadway needs to be reserved with 40-65m of protective coal pillars and cannot be recovered, the length of the working face continuously propelled for one year is generally considered during mine design, the propelling distance of the working face is about 1000m according to 3m daily advance, the coal pillar occupation ratio of the single working face on one side of the mountain or the large roadway is only 4-6.5%, and the coal pillar occupation ratio is also one of main reasons for the fact that the mining rate of the mine is less than 50% in China; secondly, the tunnel engineering quantity is large, and the supporting cost is high. Taking the double-retraction channel shown in fig. 1 as a representative example, if the length of the working face is 200m, the length of the double-retraction channel is 400m, the length of the contact lane is 20m, one contact lane is arranged every 25m, and the total length of 7 contact lanes is 140m, that is, in order to realize the retraction of the equipment, a total length of 540m lanes needs to be arranged in advance, the tunneling and maintenance costs of the lanes are conservative and calculated according to 5000 yuan/m, and the cost of a single working face is 270 ten thousand yuan; and the equipment moving period is long. Generally, the time for moving by adopting a withdrawal channel needs about 20-30d, the highest record is the 9d time of a non-representative mine with extremely simple Shendong geological condition in China, and in the moving period, equipment cannot play a role, namely no yield index exists.

In summary, the existing working face end mining equipment withdrawal technology has the problems of low recovery rate, large tunnel engineering quantity, high cost and long time for moving and reversing faces.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method for realizing non-dedicated channels, coal pillars and rapid withdrawal equipment for the end mining of a working face, so as to solve the problems of low recovery rate, large tunnel engineering quantity, high cost and long time for moving and reversing faces in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the method for realizing the non-special channel, coal pillar and quick withdrawing device of the working face end mining comprises the following processes:

a. the working face is not provided with a special withdrawal channel and no coal pillar, and is directly communicated with a mountain or a large roadway;

b. when the working face is not mined, the mining height, speed and the like are adjusted to control the coal pillars between the working face and the mountain or the large roadway to be damaged in advance, ropes are hung, nets are laid and the like to control the top plate on the working face, and reinforcement supporting measures are taken for the mountain or the large roadway until the coal pillars are suddenly damaged until the coal pillars are penetrated;

c. when the working face runs through a mountain or a large roadway, a hydraulic support on a stoping line is used for cutting the top, and reinforced support is assisted by materials such as an anchor rope, the two roadways of the working face are sealed, the support is close to the side of a goaf for lapping, hanging a rope and spraying slurry, and air leakage control is assisted by air duct cloth, so that a novel gob-side entry retaining technology is formed;

d. and (3) withdrawing the hydraulic supports arranged along the goaf from top to bottom in sequence by utilizing the formed ascending gob-side entry retaining, wherein the hydraulic supports can be directly loaded and withdrawn.

The method according to the invention is preferably suitable for the working face end mining and equipment rapid withdrawal condition.

Specifically, in the step a, when the working face is mined at the end, a special withdrawal channel is not arranged, no mountain climbing or large roadway protection coal pillar is reserved, the working face is directly communicated with the mountain climbing or large roadway, and the communication position is designed as a mining stopping line.

In the step b, when the working face is mined last, the range of the limit balance area in front of the working face is determined, the mining height is reduced and the speed is controlled before the rest coal pillars are about to completely enter the range of the limit balance area, the coal pillars are prevented from being completely damaged too early, and reinforcing support measures are taken for the mountain or the large roadway until the coal pillars are about to be damaged until the mountain or the large roadway is penetrated.

In step b, the basis for determining the limiting balance area in front of the working face is as follows:

the calculation of the ultimate equilibrium zone formed in front of the stope face is according to the formula:

in the formula: x is the number of₀A limit balance area m formed in front of the stope face; m, mining height, M; k, stress concentration coefficient; gamma, overburden bulk density, MPa; h, buried depth, m; p is a radical of₁The resistance of the bracket to the coal side is MPa; c, cohesive force of the coal body, MPa;internal friction angle, degree, of the coal body; f, the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the coal bed and the top and bottom plates; the stress coefficients of the three axes,

and c, when the working face runs through the mountain or the large roadway, automatically cutting the top of the hydraulic support on the stoping line, reinforcing and supporting the mountain or the large roadway by using materials such as anchor cables and the like, sealing the two roadways of the working face, paving, hanging ropes and spraying the support close to the goaf side, and controlling air leakage by using air duct cloth, so that a novel gob-side entry retaining technology is formed.

And d, sequentially withdrawing the hydraulic supports arranged along the goaf from top to bottom or from far to near by using the formed gob-side entry retaining, wherein the hydraulic supports can be directly loaded and withdrawn.

The method for realizing the non-special channel, the coal pillar and the quick withdrawing device for the end mining of the working face, which is provided by the invention, has the following advantages that:

(1) and a special withdrawal channel is not required to be arranged for the end mining of the working face, so that the engineering quantity and the maintenance cost of the roadway are saved.

(2) And no protective coal pillar is left on one side of the upper mountain or the main roadway during the last mining of the working face, so that the mining rate of a mine is improved.

(3) The equipment is directly stopped at the edge of a mountain or a roadway with a larger section, and the existing auxiliary transportation equipment such as a track or a trackless rubber-tyred vehicle is utilized to directly load and withdraw, so that the moving speed is higher.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arrangement of an existing face end mining withdrawal passage and a coal pillar;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a method for working face end mining without a special withdrawal passage, a coal pillar and a quick withdrawal device according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of the working face entering the final mining stage of the embodiment

FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a working face penetrating up a mountain or a roadway

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In this embodiment, in the first step, the working face is propelled in the direction of the upward hill or the large roadway, before the peak point of the advanced bearing stress affects the upward hill or the large roadway, the upward hill or the large roadway is reinforced and supported, the working face controls the influence range of the advanced bearing stress by adopting the limited mining height and the speed adjustment, and the peak point of the advanced bearing stress is determined according to the following:

in the formula: x is the number of₀A limit balance area m formed in front of the stope face; m, mining height, M; k, stress concentration coefficient; gamma, overburden bulk density, MPa; h, buried depth, m; p is a radical of₁The resistance of the bracket to the coal side is MPa; c, cohesive force of the coal body, MPa;internal friction angle, degree, of the coal body; f, the friction coefficient of the contact surface of the coal bed and the top and bottom plates; the stress coefficients of the three axes,

and secondly, directly pushing the working face until the working face is communicated with a mountain or a large roadway, carrying out reinforcing support on the top plate by using anchor cables, steel belts and the like, carrying out closed treatment on the two roadways of the working face, and hanging a net, spraying slurry and paving an air cylinder cloth behind the hydraulic support to prevent air leakage.

And thirdly, loading and withdrawing equipment in the formed gob-side entry retaining by using a rail or other auxiliary transportation modes.