阅读说明：本技术 一种实现能量回收利用的液压凿岩机 (Hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recycling ) 是由 刘飞香 廖金军 易达云 钱垂军 徐震 祝爽 赵贵生 胡及雨 甘士瑜 张坚 蒋海华 于 2020-07-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种实现能量回收利用的液压凿岩机,活塞的端部与缸体之间设有缓冲腔,缸体上沿活塞的轴向依次设置缓冲油槽和加速油槽,活塞的端部设有油道,油道与缓冲腔连通,活塞上设有阻尼孔组,活塞在缸体内运动,通过阻尼孔组实现油道与缓冲油槽或加速油槽连通；缓冲腔与凿岩机低压油路之间设有第一油路,通过第一油路实现活塞冲程阶段对缓冲腔补油,或回程阶段对活塞进行减速；加速油槽与低压油路之间设有第二油路,通过第二油路实现回程起始阶段排出缓冲腔内的液压油；缓冲油槽连接能量回收油路,通过能量回收油路实现将活塞回程阶段的动能和液压能转化为其他部件的驱动力,或对活塞进行减速。(The invention provides a hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recycling, wherein a buffer cavity is arranged between the end part of a piston and a cylinder body, a buffer oil groove and an accelerating oil groove are sequentially arranged on the cylinder body along the axial direction of the piston, an oil passage is arranged at the end part of the piston, the oil passage is communicated with the buffer cavity, a damping hole group is arranged on the piston, the piston moves in the cylinder body, and the oil passage is communicated with the buffer oil groove or the accelerating oil groove through the damping hole group; a first oil way is arranged between the buffer cavity and the low-pressure oil way of the rock drill, and oil supplement to the buffer cavity in the piston stroke stage or speed reduction to the piston in the return stroke stage is realized through the first oil way; a second oil way is arranged between the accelerating oil groove and the low-pressure oil way, and the hydraulic oil in the buffer cavity is discharged at the initial stage of the return stroke through the second oil way; the buffer oil groove is connected with an energy recovery oil path, and the kinetic energy and the hydraulic energy in the piston return stage are converted into the driving force of other parts or the piston is decelerated through the energy recovery oil path.)

1. The hydraulic rock drill comprises a piston (9) and a cylinder body (16), and is characterized in that a buffer cavity (22) is arranged between the end of the piston (9) and the cylinder body (16), the cylinder body (16) is sequentially provided with a buffer oil groove (25) and an acceleration oil groove (26) along the axial direction of the piston (9), the end of the piston (9) is provided with an oil duct (27), the oil duct (27) is communicated with the buffer cavity (22), the piston (9) is provided with a damping hole group (24), the piston (9) moves in the cylinder body (16), and the oil duct (27) is communicated with the buffer oil groove (25) or the acceleration oil groove (26) through the damping hole group (24);

a first oil way is arranged between the buffer cavity (22) and a low-pressure oil way (P0) of the rock drill, and oil supplement to the buffer cavity (22) in the stroke stage of the piston (9) or speed reduction to the piston (9) in the return stroke stage is realized through the first oil way;

a second oil path is arranged between the acceleration oil groove (26) and the low-pressure oil path (P0), and hydraulic oil in the buffer cavity (22) is discharged at the initial return stage through the second oil path;

the buffer oil groove (25) is connected with an energy recovery oil path, and the kinetic energy and the hydraulic energy of the piston (9) in the return stroke stage are converted into the driving force of other parts or the piston (9) is decelerated through the energy recovery oil path.

2. The hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recovery and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the first oil path comprises a second one-way valve (21) and a pressure limiting valve (23) which are arranged in parallel, and two ends of the second one-way valve (21) and the pressure limiting valve (23) are respectively communicated with a buffer cavity (22) and a low-pressure oil path (P0); the oil is supplemented to the buffer cavity (22) in the stroke stage through the second one-way valve (21); the oil pressure in the buffer cavity (22) is controlled through the pressure limiting valve (23), and the piston (9) is decelerated in a return stroke stage through the cooperation of the pressure limiting valve (23) and the second one-way valve (21).

3. The hydraulic rock drill for energy recovery according to claim 2, characterized in that the pressure limiting valve (23) is an overflow valve.

4. The hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recovery and utilization according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy recovery oil path comprises an electromagnetic directional valve (20), a power part and a speed reduction oil path, one end of the electromagnetic directional valve (20) is communicated with a buffer oil groove (25), and the other end of the electromagnetic directional valve (20) is provided with the power part and the speed reduction oil path in parallel; the power part is communicated through the electromagnetic directional valve (20), so that the kinetic energy and the hydraulic energy of the piston in the return stroke stage can drive the power part to work, and other parts are driven to work; or the piston (9) is decelerated by communicating a deceleration oil path through the electromagnetic directional valve (20).

5. The hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recovery according to claim 4, characterized in that the speed reduction oil circuit comprises an adjustable damper (19), and the two ends of the adjustable damper (19) are respectively connected with an electromagnetic directional valve (20) and a low-pressure oil circuit (P0).

6. The hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recovery according to claim 4, characterized in that the power member is further connected with a power member driving oil path (P2), and the power member is driven to rotate by the power member driving oil path or the power member is driven to rotate by the kinetic energy and the hydraulic energy in the return stroke stage of the piston.

7. The hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recovery according to claim 6, characterized in that the power member driving oil path (P2) includes a first one-way valve (17) for realizing one-way input of external hydraulic oil to the power member.

8. Hydraulic rock drill for energy recovery according to claim 7, characterized in that the power member is a hydraulic motor (18).

9. A hydraulic rock drill for energy recovery according to claim 4 wherein the other component is the drill rod of the hydraulic rock drill, the drill rod being driven to rotate by a power element.

10. Hydraulic rock drill for energy recovery according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the set of damping holes (24) comprises at least one damping hole, a number of which are arranged in the axial direction of the piston (9), the diameter of the damping hole being larger the closer it is to the buffer chamber (22).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rock drills, in particular to a hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recycling.

Background

Rock drills, which are tools used to directly mine rock, drill blastholes into rock formations to deposit explosives to blast the rock, thereby completing the mining of rock or other rock works. The hydraulic rock drill uses high-pressure hydraulic oil as power to drive an impact piston to reciprocate at high speed and high frequency, and impacts a drill rod to transfer energy to a drill bit, so that the drill bit breaks rocks, and the rock drilling and drilling functions are realized. Compared with the traditional pneumatic rock drill, the pneumatic rock drill has the advantages of low energy consumption, high efficiency, low noise, high rock drilling speed and the like, and is developed rapidly.

The rock drill mainly comprises an impact mechanism and a swing mechanism. The impact mechanism consists of a cylinder body, a piston, a reversing valve, an energy accumulator and the like, and hydraulic oil sequentially enters a stroke action cavity and a return action cavity through switching of the reversing valve to push the piston to rapidly and high-frequency reciprocate. In the stroke process, the piston impacts the drill shank at high speed to generate large impact force, the drill rod transmits the impact force to the rock to drill holes, after the impact is finished, the rock generates rebound force on the drill rod and the piston to push the piston to return at high speed, and when the return end point is approached, the speed of the piston is reduced to zero.

The kinetic energy of the rock drill in the market at present is reduced and braking is realized in a hydraulic oil throttling heat generation mode in a return stroke stage, the mode not only seriously wastes energy, but also brings the problems of high-temperature aging and pressure fluctuation of hydraulic oil, if return stroke energy can be reasonably utilized, energy recovery is realized, the use cost of the rock drill is reduced, and considerable economic benefit is brought.

In view of the above, there is a need for a hydraulic rock drill that can achieve energy recovery and use to solve the problems in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recycling, which has the following specific technical scheme:

a hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recycling comprises a piston and a cylinder body, wherein a buffer cavity is arranged between the end part of the piston and the cylinder body, a buffer oil groove and an acceleration oil groove are sequentially arranged on the cylinder body along the axial direction of the piston, an oil passage is arranged at the end part of the piston and is communicated with the buffer cavity, a damping hole group is arranged on the piston, the piston moves in the cylinder body, and the oil passage is communicated with the buffer oil groove or the acceleration oil groove through the damping hole group;

a first oil way is arranged between the buffer cavity and the low-pressure oil way of the rock drill, and oil supplement to the buffer cavity in the piston stroke stage or speed reduction to the piston in the return stroke stage is realized through the first oil way;

a second oil way is arranged between the accelerating oil groove and the low-pressure oil way, and hydraulic oil in the buffer cavity is discharged at the initial return stage through the second oil way;

the buffer oil groove is connected with an energy recovery oil path, and the kinetic energy and the hydraulic energy of the piston in the return stroke stage are converted into the driving force of other parts or the piston is decelerated through the energy recovery oil path.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the first oil path includes a second check valve and a pressure limiting valve which are arranged in parallel, and two ends of the second check valve and the pressure limiting valve are respectively communicated with the buffer cavity and the low-pressure oil path; the oil is supplemented to the buffer cavity in the stroke stage through the second one-way valve; the oil pressure in the buffer cavity is controlled through the pressure limiting valve, and the piston is decelerated in a return stroke stage through the cooperation of the pressure limiting valve and the second one-way valve.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the pressure limiting valve is an overflow valve.

Preferably, in the above technical scheme, the energy recovery oil path comprises an electromagnetic directional valve, a power part and a speed reduction oil path, one end of the electromagnetic directional valve is communicated with the buffer oil tank, and the other end of the electromagnetic directional valve is provided with the power part and the speed reduction oil path in parallel; the power part is communicated through the electromagnetic directional valve, so that the kinetic energy and the hydraulic energy of the piston in the return stroke stage can drive the power part to work, and other parts are driven to work; or the piston is decelerated by communicating the deceleration oil way with the electromagnetic directional valve.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the deceleration oil path includes an adjustable damper, and two ends of the adjustable damper are respectively connected to the electromagnetic directional valve and the low-pressure oil path.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the power member is further connected to a power member driving oil path, and the power member rotates under the driving of the power member driving oil path, or the power member rotates under the driving of the kinetic energy and the hydraulic energy in the piston return stage.

Preferably in the above technical solution, the power member driving oil path includes a first check valve, so that the external hydraulic oil is unidirectionally input to the power member.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the power member is a hydraulic motor.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the other component is a drill rod of a hydraulic rock drill, and the drill rod is driven to rotate by a power component.

Preferably, in the above technical solution, the damping hole set includes at least one damping hole, the plurality of damping holes are disposed along an axial direction of the piston, and the aperture of the damping hole is larger as the damping hole is closer to the cushion chamber.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recovery and utilization, the kinetic energy and the hydraulic energy in the return stroke stage can be converted into the driving force of other parts by arranging the energy recovery oil circuit, namely the drill rod is driven to rotate, the energy in the return stroke stage can be effectively recovered, the energy consumption is reduced, and the energy utilization rate of the oil pump is improved. In the stroke process, the volume of the buffer cavity is increased, and an oil source is provided for the buffer cavity through the second one-way valve, so that the suction phenomenon is prevented; in the return stroke process, in the initial stage of the return stroke, the oil in the buffer cavity is discharged to a low-pressure oil way and flows back to the oil tank, so that the damping force is generated as small as possible, and the piston can conveniently accelerate or move at a high speed; in the deceleration buffer stage, after the oil in the buffer cavity overflows through the pressure limiting valve, high back pressure is formed to enable the piston to play a role in buffer braking, and the kinetic energy returned at high speed by the piston and the hydraulic energy pushing the return of the piston are absorbed and utilized by the hydraulic motor.

(2) According to the hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recycling, the hydraulic motor can be driven to work by kinetic energy and hydraulic energy in a return stage or by a power part driving oil way, the first one-way valve is arranged in the power part driving oil way to realize that external hydraulic oil can only enter the hydraulic motor in one way, and the hydraulic oil in the return stage cannot flow out through the first one-way valve, so that two driving modes are not influenced by each other and work independently; the direction of conduction of the electromagnetic directional valve is adjusted, the driving mode of the hydraulic motor can be selected according to requirements, and the piston return stroke can be decelerated by setting the adjustable damping on the deceleration oil path.

(3) The hydraulic rock drill for recycling energy can effectively shorten the stroke distance under the condition of ensuring the consistent impact energy through the braking effect of the buffer cavity, so that the structure of the rock drill is more compact.

(4) The invention discloses a hydraulic rock drill for realizing energy recovery and utilization, wherein a damping hole group comprises at least one damping hole, a plurality of damping holes are arranged along the axial direction of a piston, and the hole diameter of the damping hole is larger as the damping hole is closer to a buffer cavity. The benefit that sets up like this lies in that the piston moves towards cushion chamber one end more, and the flow area of damping hole group will be littleer (promptly damping hole group and buffer oil groove or accelerate the flow area of oil groove and can diminish gradually), and the impedance will be bigger, realizes the effect of damping force crescent at the in-process of piston return stroke, and effectual realization is slowed down the piston.

In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a conventional hydraulic rock drill;

figure 2 is a working principle diagram of the hydraulic rock drill of the invention;

wherein, 1, a valve sleeve, 2, a stroke action cavity, 3, a valve core, 4, an oil return cavity, 5, an energy accumulator, 6, a stroke control cavity, 7, a return control cavity, 8, a return action cavity, 9, a piston, 10, a slide valve high-pressure oil cavity A, 11, a slide valve low-pressure oil cavity B, 12, a slide valve control oil cavity L, 13, a slide valve low-pressure oil cavity C, 14, a slide valve transition cavity D, 15, a slide valve high-pressure cavity E, 16, a cylinder body, 17, a first one-way valve, 18, a hydraulic motor, 19, an adjustable damping, 20, an electromagnetic directional valve, 21, a second one-way valve, 22, a buffer cavity, 23, a pressure limiting valve, 24, a damping hole group, 25, a buffer oil groove, 26, an acceleration oil groove, 27, an oil channel, I, a first piston sharp edge, II, a second piston shoulder sharp edge, III, a second annular groove sharp edge, IV, a first annular groove sharp edge, P0, a low-pressure oil channel, p2, power element driving oil path.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways, which are defined and covered by the claims.