阅读说明：本技术 一种餐厨垃圾资源化利用生物处理方法 (Kitchen waste resource utilization biological treatment method ) 是由 孟行健 魏道春 王玉峰 李孝振 于 2021-08-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种餐厨垃圾资源化利用生物处理方法,该方法采用一种造粒设备,造粒设备包括：造粒箱、挤压机构、清理机构、辊面监测组件以及控制器。挤压机构包括挤压电机以及两个挤压辊。两个挤压辊的相切处位于造粒箱的入料口的下方。每个清理机构与其中一个挤压辊相对应并用于对该挤压辊的辊面进行清理。清理机构包括安装板、毛刷以及伸缩件。毛刷固定在安装板上,安装板设置在造粒箱内,并能通过移动以使毛刷接触或脱离挤压辊的辊面。伸缩件固定在造粒箱上,并用于驱使安装板移动。本发明能够实现对挤压辊表面进行适时清洁,去除挤压辊表面的残留余料,既提高了挤压颗粒的成品率,又能避免挤压辊受到长时间的摩擦从而降低造粒效果。(The invention relates to a biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste, which adopts granulation equipment, wherein the granulation equipment comprises the following steps: granulation case, extrusion mechanism, clearance mechanism, roll surface monitoring subassembly and controller. The extrusion mechanism comprises an extrusion motor and two extrusion rollers. The tangent position of the two extrusion rollers is positioned below the feed inlet of the granulation box. Each cleaning mechanism corresponds to one of the extrusion rollers and is used for cleaning the roller surface of the extrusion roller. The cleaning mechanism comprises an installation plate, a brush and a telescopic piece. The hairbrush is fixed on a mounting plate, and the mounting plate is arranged in the granulation box and can move to enable the hairbrush to contact or separate from the roller surface of the extrusion roller. The extensible member is fixed on the granulation box and is used for driving the mounting plate to move. The invention can clean the surface of the extrusion roller in time, remove residual materials on the surface of the extrusion roller, improve the yield of extruded particles, and avoid long-time friction of the extrusion roller so as to reduce the granulation effect.)

1. A biological treatment method for resource utilization of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:

s1, unloading and sorting the kitchen waste to obtain a material to be processed;

s2, crushing the material to be processed, and squeezing and dehydrating the crushed product;

s3, carrying out microbial treatment on the product after extrusion dehydration, and drying the product after microbial treatment;

s4, grinding the dried product into powder;

s5, granulating the ground product;

wherein, in the step S5, a granulation device is adopted to granulate the milled product; characterized in that the granulation device comprises:

the top of the granulating box (1) is provided with a feeding port (101);

the extrusion mechanism (2) comprises an extrusion motor (21) and two extrusion rollers (22) matched with each other; the extrusion motor (21) is arranged on the granulation box (1) and is used for driving the extrusion roller (22) to rotate; the extrusion roller (22) is rotatably arranged in the granulating box (1); the axial directions of the two extrusion rollers (22) are arranged in parallel, and the two ends are aligned; the tangency position of the two extrusion rollers (22) is positioned below the feeding port (101);

cleaning mechanisms (3) the number of which matches the number of the squeezing rollers (22); each cleaning mechanism (3) corresponds to one of the extrusion rollers (22) and is used for cleaning the roller surface of the extrusion roller (22); each cleaning mechanism (3) comprises a mounting plate (31), a brush (32) and a telescopic piece (33); the hairbrush (32) is fixed on the mounting plate (31), and the extending direction of the hairbrush (32) is parallel to the axial direction of the extrusion roller (22); the length of the brush (32) along the extending direction is not less than the axial length of the squeezing roller (22); the mounting plate (31) is arranged in the granulating tank (1) and can move to enable the brush (32) to contact or separate from the roller surface of the extrusion roller (22); the telescopic piece (33) is fixed on the granulation box (1) and used for driving the mounting plate (31) to move;

roll surface monitoring assemblies (4) the number of which is matched with the number of the extrusion rolls (22); each roll surface monitoring assembly (4) corresponds to one of the extrusion rolls (22) and is used for monitoring the roll surface of the extrusion roll (22); each roll surface monitoring assembly (4) comprises an image acquisition module (41), an image processing module (42) and a data transmission module (43); the image acquisition module (41) is arranged on the inner wall of the granulation box (1) and is used for acquiring a corresponding roller surface image in a preset roller surface area in real time; the image processing module (42) is used for preprocessing the roller surface images and respectively extracting the color feature, the texture feature and the brightness feature of each roller surface image; the imageThe processing module (42) is further configured to perform weighted fusion on the color feature, the texture feature and the brightness feature to form a fused feature; the image processing module (42) acquires a material area image in the roller surface image through the fusion characteristics and calculates a material area S_AIn the collected roll surface area S_BThe calculation formula of the ratio O in (1) is O ═ S_A/S_B(ii) a The data transmission module (43) is used for sending the occupation ratio O; and

a controller (5) comprising a receiving module (51), a judging module (52) and a feedback module (53); the receiving module (51) is used for receiving the occupation ratio O sent by the roll surface monitoring component (4); the ratio O comprises a ratio one O1 and a ratio two O2 corresponding to the two squeeze rollers (22), respectively; the judging module (52) is used for respectively judging whether the proportion one O1 and the proportion two O2 are larger than a preset proportion, and when any proportion O is larger than a preset proportion, the feedback module (53) controls the corresponding cleaning mechanism (3) to enter a cleaning mode so as to clean the squeezing roller (22).

2. The biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein when any one of said ratios O is smaller than said preset ratio, said feedback mode controls said corresponding cleaning mechanism (3) to enter a standby mode; the cleaning mode is that the brush (32) is contacted with the roll surface of the corresponding extrusion roll (22); the standby mode is that the brushes (32) are separated from the roller surfaces of the corresponding squeezing rollers (22).

3. The biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste according to claim 2, characterized in that said granulation equipment further comprises a distance sensing component (17); the number of the distance sensing assemblies (17) is matched with the number of the cleaning mechanisms (3); each group of distance sensing assemblies (17) is arranged on one mounting plate (31) and is used for detecting the real-time distance between the mounting plate (31) and the corresponding squeezing roller (22); the controller (5) is also used for controlling the telescopic piece (33) to stretch and retract according to the real-time distance.

4. The biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste according to claim 3, wherein the control method for controlling the cleaning mechanism (3) to clean by the controller (5) comprises the following steps:

(1) acquiring the real-time distance; also acquiring a preset distance between the mounting plate (31) and the corresponding squeeze roller (22) when the cleaning mechanism (3) enters a cleaning mode;

(2) judging whether the cleaning mechanism (3) needs to enter a cleaning mode, if so, executing the step (3);

(3) calculating a difference value between the preset distance and the real-time distance, and inquiring a difference value-expansion amount comparison table according to the difference value to obtain the expansion amount corresponding to the difference value;

(4) and controlling the telescopic piece (33) to extend and retract according to the extension and retraction amount.

5. The biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the axial length of the squeeze roller (22) is matched with the extension length of the feed inlet (101); each squeezing roller (22) is provided with a plurality of half ball sockets (221); a plurality of half ball sockets (221) on the two extrusion rollers (22) are in one-to-one correspondence; a plurality of ball-shaped squeezing spaces can be formed by rotating the two squeezing rollers (22) through a plurality of half ball sockets (221) which correspond to each other one by one.

6. The biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein said granulation equipment further comprises:

the feeding mechanism (6) is arranged at the top of the granulating box (1); the feeding mechanism (6) comprises a feeding hopper (61) and a material homogenizing assembly (62); the interior of the feeding hopper (61) is communicated with the feeding port (101); the refining assembly (62) is arranged above the feeding port (101); the material homogenizing assembly (62) comprises a material homogenizing rod (621), a plurality of material stirring claws (622) and a driving motor (623); the driving motor (623) is arranged on the feeding hopper (61); one end of the material homogenizing rod (621) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor (623); a plurality of stirring claws (622) are fixed on the homogenizing rod (621) along the circumferential direction of the homogenizing rod (621), and when the homogenizing rod (621) rotates and one of the stirring claws (622) extends into the feeding port (101), two stirring claws (622) adjacent to the stirring claw (622) can just contact with the inner wall of the feeding hopper (61) to form a blocking area.

7. The biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste according to claim 1, wherein said granulation equipment further comprises: the collecting box I (8), the collecting box II (9) and the material guide plate (10); the first collecting box (8) is positioned below the material falling point of the extrusion mechanism (2); two sides of the granulation box (1) are respectively provided with a first opening (103); two material guide plates (10) are arranged and are arranged in the granulation box (1); one end of each material guide plate (10) is a material receiving end, and the other end is a material discharging end; the receiving end of each material guide plate (10) is used for receiving excess materials generated when one cleaning mechanism (3) cleans the excess materials; the discharge end of each material guide plate (10) is inclined downwards and extends out of a first opening (103); two collecting boxes (9) are arranged and are respectively fixed on two sides of the outside of the granulation box (1); the two second collecting boxes (9) are respectively positioned below the material falling points of the discharging ends of the two material guide plates (10) and are used for collecting the excess materials.

8. The biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that said granulation equipment further comprises a screen (11), a vibration motor (12), a third collection box (13) (13), and a fourth collection box (14); the screen (11) is arranged in the granulating tank (1) and is positioned below the extruding mechanism (2) and the cleaning mechanism (3); one end of the granulation box (1) is provided with a second opening (104); one end of the screen (11) extends out of the second opening (104); the vibrating motor (12) is arranged on the screen (11) and is used for enabling the materials on the screen (11) to move to one end, extending out of the second opening (104), of the screen (11) in a one-way mode through vibration; the third collecting box (13) and the third collecting box (13) are arranged in the granulation box (1) and are positioned below the material falling point of the sieve pores of the sieve mesh (11); the fourth collecting box (14) is arranged on one side of the outside of the granulating box (1) and is positioned below a material falling point at one end, extending out of the second opening (104), of the screen (11).

9. The biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste according to claim 5, characterized in that the inner wall of the granulation tank (1) is fixedly connected with at least four supporting blocks (15) respectively; each supporting block (15) is fixed with a damping spring (16); the bottom of the screen (11) is fixed with a plurality of damping springs (16).

10. The biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that two chutes (102) are symmetrically formed on two sides of the inner wall of the granulation box (1); two ends of each mounting plate (31) are respectively connected with two sliding grooves (102) in a sliding manner; the elongated end of each telescopic element (33) passes through the granulation tank (1) and is fixedly connected to the corresponding mounting plate (31).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste.

Background

The kitchen waste is a domestic waste formed by residents in the process of domestic consumption, and various organic substances contained in the kitchen waste are extremely easy to corrode in summer; at present, the domestic treatment method of the kitchen waste mainly comprises a chemical treatment method and a biological treatment method. The chemical treatment method uses a chemical reaction to decompose organic substances in the kitchen waste by adding chemical substances, and then buries the kitchen waste. The method has the advantages of simplicity and high efficiency, and has the defects that a large amount of useful substances in the kitchen waste are wasted and secondary pollution is easily caused. The biological treatment method is to convert the kitchen waste into fertilizer or feed for agriculture and breeding through some treatment processes. The method conforms to the guidelines of reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization.

At present, in the process of converting kitchen waste into fish feed by using a biological treatment method, the kitchen waste needs to be granulated to obtain granular fish feed. The double-roll extrusion granulation is a common granulation method, which utilizes the extrusion of dry materials to make the materials attract each other by intermolecular force and form granules, wherein the intermolecular force includes van der waals force, adsorption force, crystal bridge, embedded connection and the like. In the existing double-roller extrusion granulation process, powder materials are easily bonded on the roller surface of an extrusion roller and in a granulation groove or a pit (granulation pit), and further the efficiency and the quality of subsequent granulation are influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on this, the invention provides a biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste, which aims to solve the technical problem that in the existing double-roller type granulation technology, powder materials are easy to adhere to the surface of a squeezing roller and a granulation groove, and further the subsequent granulation efficiency and granulation quality are affected.

A biological treatment method for resource utilization of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:

s1, unloading and sorting the kitchen waste to obtain the material to be processed.

S2, crushing the material to be processed, and squeezing and dehydrating the crushed product.

And S3, carrying out microbial treatment on the product after extrusion dehydration, and drying the product after microbial treatment.

And S4, grinding the dried product into powder.

And S5, granulating the milled product.

Wherein, in step S5, a granulation device is used to granulate the milled product. The granulation apparatus comprises: granulation case, extrusion mechanism, clearance mechanism, roll surface monitoring subassembly and controller. The top of the granulation box is provided with a feeding port.

The extrusion mechanism comprises an extrusion motor and two extrusion rollers matched with each other. The extrusion motor is installed on the granulation box and is used for driving the extrusion roller to rotate. The extrusion roller is rotatably arranged in the granulating box. The axial directions of the two squeeze rollers are arranged in parallel, and the two ends are aligned. The tangent position of the two extrusion rollers is positioned below the feeding port.

The number of cleaning mechanisms is matched with the number of extrusion rollers. Each cleaning mechanism corresponds to one of the extrusion rollers and is used for cleaning the roller surface of the extrusion roller. Each cleaning mechanism comprises a mounting plate, a brush and a telescopic piece. The hairbrush is fixed on the mounting plate, and the extending direction of the hairbrush is parallel to the axial direction of the extrusion roller. The length of the brush in the extending direction is not less than the axial length of the squeeze roller. The mounting plate is arranged in the granulating box and can move to enable the brush to contact or separate from the roller surface of the extrusion roller. The extensible member is fixed on the granulation box and is used for driving the mounting plate to move.

The number of roll surface monitoring assemblies is matched with the number of squeeze rolls. Each roll surface monitoring assembly corresponds to one of the squeeze rolls and is used to monitor the roll surfaces of the squeeze rolls. Each roll surface monitoring assembly comprises an image acquisition module, an image processing module and a data transmission module. The image acquisition module is arranged on the inner wall of the granulation box and is used for acquiring a corresponding roller surface image in a preset roller surface area in real time. The image processing module is used for preprocessing the roller surface images and respectively extracting the color feature, the texture feature and the brightness feature of each roller surface image. The image processing module is also used for carrying out weighted fusion on the color feature, the texture feature and the brightness feature to form a fusion feature. The image processing module acquires a material region image in the roller surface image through fusion characteristics and calculates a material region S_AIn the collected roll surface area S_BThe calculation formula of the ratio O in (1) is O ═ S_A/S_B. The data transmission module is used for sending the ratio O.

The controller comprises a receiving module, a judging module and a feedback module. The receiving module is used for receiving the proportion O sent by the roller surface monitoring component. The proportion O includes proportion one O1 and proportion two O2 corresponding to the two press rolls, respectively. The judging module is used for respectively judging whether the first ratio O1 and the second ratio O2 are larger than a preset ratio, and when any one of the first ratio O and the second ratio O2 is larger than the preset ratio, the feedback module controls the corresponding cleaning mechanism to enter a cleaning mode so as to clean the squeeze roller.

In one embodiment, when any one of the occupation ratios O is smaller than a preset ratio, the feedback mode controls the corresponding cleaning mechanism to enter the standby mode. The cleaning mode is that the brush is contacted with the roller surface of the corresponding squeeze roller. The standby mode is that the brushes are separated from the roller surfaces of the corresponding squeezing rollers.

In one embodiment, the granulation apparatus further comprises a distance sensing assembly. The number of distance sensing assemblies matches the number of cleaning mechanisms. Each set of distance sensing assemblies is mounted on one of the mounting plates and is used to detect the real-time distance between the mounting plate and the corresponding squeeze roll. The controller is also used for controlling the telescopic piece to stretch according to the real-time distance.

In one embodiment, the control method for controlling the cleaning mechanism to clean by the controller comprises the following steps:

(1) acquiring a real-time distance; a preset distance between the mounting plate and the corresponding squeeze roller is also acquired when the cleaning mechanism enters a cleaning mode;

(2) judging whether the cleaning mechanism needs to enter a cleaning mode, if so, executing the step;

(3) calculating a difference value between the preset distance and the real-time distance, and inquiring a difference value-expansion amount comparison table according to the difference value to obtain the expansion amount corresponding to the difference value;

(4) and controlling the telescopic piece to extend and retract according to the extension and retraction amount.

In one embodiment, the axial length of the pressure roller and the extension of the feed opening are matched to one another. Each extrusion roller is provided with a plurality of hemispherical pits. And a plurality of half ball sockets on the two extrusion rollers are in one-to-one correspondence. A plurality of spherical extrusion spaces can be formed by rotating the two extrusion rollers, wherein the spherical extrusion spaces are formed by the hemispherical pits in one-to-one correspondence.

In one embodiment, the granulation apparatus further comprises: and a feeding mechanism. The feeding mechanism is arranged at the top of the granulating tank. The pan feeding mechanism includes into hopper and refining subassembly. The inside of going into the hopper communicates with the pan feeding mouth. The material homogenizing assembly is arranged above the material inlet. The refining component comprises a refining rod, a plurality of stirring claws and a driving motor. The driving motor is arranged on the feeding hopper. One end of the material homogenizing rod is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor. A plurality of shifting claws are fixed on the homogenizing rod along the circumferential equidistance of the homogenizing rod, and when the homogenizing rod rotates and one of the shifting claws extends into the feeding port, two shifting claws adjacent to the shifting claw can be in contact with the inner wall of the feeding hopper just and form a blocking area.

In one embodiment, the granulation apparatus further comprises: the collecting box I, the collecting box II and the material guide plate. The first collecting box is located below the material falling point of the extrusion mechanism. Two sides of the granulation box are respectively provided with an opening I. The stock guide is provided with two, all sets up in the granulation case. One end of each material guide plate is a material receiving end, and the other end of each material guide plate is a material discharging end. The receiving end of each guide plate is used for receiving excess materials generated when one cleaning mechanism cleans the excess materials. The discharge end of each material guide plate is inclined downwards and extends out of the first opening. And the two collecting boxes are arranged and are respectively fixed on two sides of the outside of the granulating box. The two collecting boxes are respectively positioned below the material falling points of the discharging ends of the two material guide plates and are used for collecting excess materials.

In one embodiment, the granulation equipment further comprises a screen, a vibration motor, a third collecting box and a fourth collecting box. The screen cloth is installed in the granulation box and is positioned below the extrusion mechanism and the cleaning mechanism. One end of the granulation box is provided with a second opening. One end of the screen extends out of the second opening. The vibrating motor is arranged on the screen and used for enabling the materials on the screen to move to one end, extending out of the second opening, of the screen in a single direction through vibration. And the third collecting box is arranged in the granulation box and is positioned below the material falling point of the sieve pores of the sieve. And the collecting box IV is arranged on one side outside the granulating box and is positioned below the material falling point at one end of the screen extending out of the opening II.

In one embodiment, at least four supporting blocks are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the granulating box respectively. Each supporting block is fixed with a damping spring. The bottom of the screen is fixed with a plurality of damping springs.

In one embodiment, two sliding grooves are symmetrically formed in two sides of the inner wall of the granulating box respectively. The two ends of each mounting plate are respectively connected with the two sliding grooves in a sliding manner. The elongated end of each telescopic member passes through the granulation tank and is fixedly connected with the corresponding mounting plate.

Has the advantages that:

1. the granulation equipment adopted by the biological treatment method provided by the invention is provided with the cleaning mechanism, and the brush can scrape the roll surface of the extrusion roll and residual materials in the granulation groove when contacting with the rotating extrusion roll, so that the roll surface of the extrusion roll and the granulation groove can be effectively cleaned, and the subsequent granulation efficiency and granulation quality are further improved. Can calculate the material area in the roll surface area of gathering in real time through setting up roll surface monitoring subassembly and account for the ratio, thereby can judge whether current squeeze roll needs the clearance, and then realize the in good time clearance to the squeeze roll, both can avoid remaining the clout on the squeeze roll to cause the influence to the quality of follow-up extrusion granule after accumulating a certain amount, can avoid the brush to clean the squeeze roll wearing and tearing that lead to again to the squeeze roll for a long time, can also reduce the roller scurf that mix with in the extrusion granule, further promoted the granulation quality to roll-type extrusion granulator.

2. This granulation equipment's squeeze roll's axial length and pan feeding mouth's run length match each other, get into the granulation case along the pan feeding mouth of rectangular shape through letting the powder material that is not extruded, can make the powder material distribute all over between two squeeze rolls along the axial of squeeze roll to avoid the powder to follow the uneven phenomenon of squeeze roll axial distribution to a certain extent, and then reduce the degree that the local emergence deformation of long-time back squeeze roll of using.

3. This granulation equipment judges clearance mechanism through setting up the controller and whether need clean, then through calculating the difference of real-time distance and predetermineeing the distance, can realize that the brush can be comparatively accurate when getting into clean mode stop with the state of squeeze roll contact to clean the roll surface of squeeze roll. When the squeeze rollers do not need to be cleaned, the hairbrushes can be far away from the corresponding squeeze rollers and are not in contact with each other, and mutual influence is reduced.

4. This granulation equipment is through setting up pan feeding mechanism, when refining pole is rotatory and one of them plectrum claw stretches in the pan feeding mouth, two plectrums claws adjacent with this plectrum claw can link to each other and form a separation district with the pan feeding hopper inner wall, and the powder material in the separation district can not fall into the pan feeding mouth easily. Consequently when the refining rod drives a plurality of stirring claw dwang, pile up all the other powder materials inside going into the hopper and can not fall into the pan feeding mouth without stirring to realized even unloading, effectively controlled the ration and all with the distribution of the powder material that gets into extrusion mechanism, and then improved extrusion mechanism's extrusion quality.

5. This granulation equipment is through setting up collecting box one, collecting box two and stock guide, because clearance mechanism can carry out timely cleanness to the roll surface of squeeze roll, and the surplus material that remains on roll surface breaks away from and falls from the roll surface once the cleanness of brush, and this embodiment is through addding the stock guide for accept these surplus materials that fall, thereby with these surplus materials from the granulation incasement via opening one leading-in to collecting box two. And because the biochemical properties of the excess materials in the whole extrusion process and the cleaning process can not be obviously changed, the excess materials can be timely collected and recycled, thereby avoiding waste and further conforming to the resource policy.

6. The granulating equipment is provided with the screen, the vibrating motor, the third collecting box and the fourth collecting box, one part of materials discharged from the extruding mechanism and the cleaning mechanism is extruded into granular materials, and the granular materials can be further selected and packaged subsequently to finally become finished fish feed. And the other part is the residual materials cleaned by the cleaning mechanism and the powder which is not extruded and formed by the extruding mechanism, when the residual materials fall on the screen, a directional vibration wave is formed on the screen through the vibration of the vibration motor, and some large residual materials are directly vibrated into small blocks due to the fact that the large residual materials do not have the stability of spherical particles and fall into the collecting box III together with other powder from the screen holes on the screen. And the granular materials remained above the screen are always remained above the screen and gradually move to the opening II because the diameter of the granular materials is larger than the preset aperture of the screen, and finally fall into the collection box IV. Therefore, the materials derived by the extruding mechanism and the cleaning mechanism can be primarily screened, and substances which do not meet the requirements, such as most of powder, excess materials and the like, can be filtered, so that the yield is improved, and the time cost consumed by subsequent fine screening is saved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of granulation equipment adopted in a biological treatment method for resource utilization of kitchen waste in embodiment 1 of the invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the pelleting equipment for producing fish feed based on biological treatment of kitchen waste in fig. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the internal structure of the granulation tank of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional front view of the granulation apparatus of FIG. 2;

fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of granulation equipment used in the biological treatment method for resource utilization of kitchen waste in embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic sectional front view of the granulation apparatus of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 6;

fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a granulation apparatus used in the biological treatment method for resource utilization of kitchen waste in embodiment 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional front view of the granulation apparatus of FIG. 8;

fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a granulation apparatus used in the biological treatment method for resource utilization of kitchen waste in embodiment 4 of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic sectional front view of the granulation apparatus of fig. 10.

Description of the main elements

1. A granulation box; 101. a feeding port; 102. a chute; 103. a first opening; 104. a second opening; 2. an extrusion mechanism; 21. an extrusion motor; 22. a squeeze roll; 221. a half ball socket; 3. a cleaning mechanism; 31. mounting a plate; 32. a brush; 33. a telescoping member; 4. a roll surface monitoring assembly; 41. an image acquisition module; 42. an image processing module; 43. a data transmission module; 5. a controller; 51. a receiving module; 52. a judgment module; 53. a feedback module; 6. a feeding mechanism; 61. feeding into a hopper; 62. a refining assembly; 621. a material homogenizing rod; 622. a material poking claw; 623. a drive motor; 8. a first collecting box; 9. a second collecting box; 10. a material guide plate; 11. screening a screen; 12. a vibration motor; 13. a third collecting box; 14. a fourth collecting box; 15. a support block; 16. a damping spring; 17. a distance sensing component.

The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly secured to the other element or intervening elements may also be present.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "or/and" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Example 1

The embodiment provides a biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps:

s1, unloading and sorting the kitchen waste to obtain the material to be processed.

S2, crushing the material to be processed, and squeezing and dehydrating the crushed product.

And S3, carrying out microbial treatment on the product after extrusion dehydration, and drying the product after microbial treatment.

And S4, grinding the dried product into powder.

And S5, granulating the milled product.

Wherein, in step S5, a granulation device is used to granulate the milled product.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the granulation apparatus includes: the device comprises a granulation box 1, an extrusion mechanism 2, a cleaning mechanism 3, a roller surface monitoring assembly 4 and a controller 5.

The top of the granulation box 1 is provided with a feeding port 101. In this embodiment, the feeding port 101 is formed in a strip shape.

As shown in fig. 3, the pressing mechanism 2 includes a pressing motor 21 and two pressing rollers 22 matched with each other. A pressing motor 21 is mounted on the granulation tank 1 and is used to drive the rotation of the pressing roller 22. The squeezing motor 21 may be an existing speed reduction motor, and may provide a greater torque to the squeezing roller 22 when driven, thereby improving the squeezing effect. When the two squeezing rollers 22 are driven by the squeezing motor 21, the two squeezing rollers 22 may be driven by the two squeezing motors 21, or one motor may be used, and then the two squeezing rollers 22 are driven by some transmission means (e.g., a gear train). The squeeze roller 22 is rotatably installed inside the granulation tank 1. The two squeeze rolls 22 are arranged in parallel with each other in the axial direction, and are aligned at both ends. The tangency of the two squeeze rollers 22 is below the inlet 101. It should be noted here that the rotation directions of the two squeeze rolls 22 are opposite, and the rotation directions of the two squeeze rolls 22 are opposite when viewed from above the squeeze rolls 22; in addition, the two press rolls 22 are substantially tangential with a certain gap, and the respective rotations of the two press rolls do not affect each other. In this embodiment, the axial length of the squeeze roller 22 matches with the extension length of the feeding port 101, and the powder material which is not squeezed enters the granulation box 1 along the elongated feeding port 101, so that the powder material can be distributed between the two squeeze rollers 22 along the axial direction of the squeeze roller 22, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of uneven axial distribution of the powder along the squeeze roller 22 to a certain extent, and further reducing the degree of deformation of the local part of the squeeze roller 22 after long-time use.

In this embodiment, each squeeze roll 22 may have a plurality of dimples 221 formed thereon. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the half ball sockets 221 on the two pressing rollers 22. The plurality of hemispherical dimples 221, which correspond to each other one by one, can form a plurality of spherical pressing spaces by rotating the two pressing rollers 22. When the powder material falls between the two pressing rollers 22, the powder falling between the corresponding two ball sockets is pressed in the spherical pressing space, thereby forming spherical granular material. The extrusion grooves on the extrusion roll 22 in this embodiment are formed in a hemispherical shape, so that the extruded material is a material close to a spherical shape, while in other embodiments, the extrusion grooves may be formed in a cylindrical shape, so that the particles at the extrusion position are close to a cylindrical shape, and the adaptability adjustment can be made according to the production requirement. After the extrusion rollers 22 are used for a long time, the half ball sockets 221 on the two extrusion rollers 22 may be misaligned, thereby deteriorating the granulation quality, and for this, the circumferential angle between the two extrusion rollers 22 and the distance between the two extrusion rollers 22 may be adjusted by using the existing alignment adjustment device (not shown), thereby overcoming the above problems.

As shown in connection with fig. 4, the number of cleaning devices 3 matches the number of squeeze rolls 22. Each cleaning mechanism 3 corresponds to one of the press rolls 22 and is used to clean the roll surface of the press roll 22. Each cleaning mechanism 3 comprises a mounting plate 31, a brush 32, and a telescopic member 33. The fur brush 32 is fixed to the mounting plate 31, and the extension direction of the fur brush 32 and the axial direction of the pressing roller 22 are parallel to each other. The length of the fur brush 32 in the extending direction is not less than the axial length of the press roll 22. The mounting plate 31 is disposed in the granulation tank 1 and can move to make the brush 32 contact with or separate from the surface of the extrusion roller 22, in this embodiment, two sliding grooves 102 can be respectively opened on two sides of the inner wall of each granulation tank 1, and two ends of each mounting plate 31 can be respectively connected with two sliding grooves 102 in a sliding manner. The telescopic member 33 is fixed to the granulation tank 1 and is used to drive the movement of the mounting plate 31. In this embodiment, the telescopic member 33 can be an electric push rod, the extension end of which can pass through the granulation tank 1 and is fixedly connected with the corresponding mounting plate 31, so as to push the mounting plate to slide along the extension direction of the chute 102. In other embodiments, the telescopic member 33 may be replaced by an air cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, and the specific adopted type may be replaced according to the relevant equipment of the production site.

Because the fish fodder that kitchen garbage made, its powdered raw materials are when carrying out the extrusion granulation process, can remain some clouts on squeeze roll 22, can cause obvious influence to follow-up extrusion granule's shape, structural strength after accumulating the clout of certain degree on squeeze roll 22's roll surface, in order to avoid this kind of influence, this embodiment sets up roll surface monitoring component 4 in granulation box 1, detect to the remaining clout of roll surface, and timely control clearance mechanism 3 cleans squeeze roll 22's roll surface.

In this embodiment, the number of roll surface monitoring assemblies 4 matches the number of squeeze rolls 22. Each roll surface monitoring assembly 4 corresponds to one of the press rolls 22 and is used to monitor the roll surface of the press roll 22. Each roll face monitoring assembly 4 includes an image acquisition module 41, an image processing module 42, and a data transmission module 43. In the present embodiment, the roll surface monitoring unit 4 may be an existing monitoring camera apparatus.

The image acquisition module 41 is installed on the inner wall of the granulation tank 1 and is used for acquiring a corresponding roller surface image in a preset roller surface area in real time. In this embodiment, the roll surface image may be processed by setting the region of interest, and in the image acquired by the image acquisition module 41, only the image about the roll surface is retained, so as to avoid the influence of other captured images (for example, the inner wall of the granulation tank 1) on the subsequent roll surface image processing.

The image processing module 42 is configured to pre-process the roll surface images and extract color features, texture features, and brightness features of each roll surface image. In this embodiment, when the image processing module 42 extracts the color feature of each roll surface image, the roll surface image may be eroded and expanded, and the cavity may be filled to eliminate noise, so as to obtain a color histogram of the roll surface image, where the color histogram is widely applied to image processing. In this embodiment, the roll surface image may be converted into a grayscale to obtain an LBP map, so as to obtain an LBP histogram, where an LBP operator is a global feature and may describe texture features of the image. As for the extraction of the luminance features, it can be extracted by using an existing image recognition technology.

The image processing module 42 is further configured to perform weighted fusion of the color feature, the texture feature, and the luminance feature to form a fused feature. The image processing module 42 passesAcquiring a material area image in the roller surface image by fusing the characteristics, and calculating a material area S_AIn the collected roll surface area S_BThe calculation formula of the ratio O in (1) is O ═ S_A/S_B. The data transmission module 43 is configured to send the ratio O. In this embodiment, the roll surface may be made of a silver gray metal material, and since the color, texture, and displayed brightness of the residual material remaining on the roll surface are different from those of the roll surface, and the extracted features have different weights for the final fusion features, the features need to be weighted and fused when forming the fusion features, so as to improve the accuracy of forming the fusion features, and further improve the calculation accuracy of the ratio O.

The controller 5 includes a receiving module 51, a judging module 52, and a feedback module 53. The receiving module 51 is used for receiving the proportion O sent by the roll surface monitoring assembly 4. The proportion O includes proportion one O1 and proportion two O2 corresponding to the two press rolls 22, respectively. The determination module 52 is configured to determine whether the ratio O1 and the ratio O2 are greater than a predetermined ratio, respectively, and when any ratio O is greater than a predetermined ratio, the feedback module 53 controls the corresponding cleaning mechanism 3 to enter the cleaning mode to clean the squeeze roller 22. In this embodiment, the size of the preset ratio can be determined by empirical values, and a plurality of sets of control experiments can be performed, wherein the amount of the residual material on the roll surface in each set of experiments is different, and an appropriate value is finally determined as a reference for the preset ratio by observing the influence on the quality of the extruded particles caused by different residual material amounts.

In this embodiment, when any one of the occupation ratios O is smaller than the preset ratio, the feedback mode controls the corresponding cleaning mechanism 3 to enter the standby mode. The brush 32 is in contact with the surface of the corresponding pressing roller 22 in the cleaning mode, and in the cleaning mode, the brush 32 is in contact with the surface of the pressing roller 22, and since the pressing roller 22 is cleaned while operating, the brush 32 is in a relatively stationary state, and the pressing roller 22 rotates, so that relative movement is generated between the brush 32 and the pressing roller 22, and most of the residual material on the surface of the roller can be scraped. The brush 32 of this embodiment uses soft bristles that contact the ball-and-socket halves 221 on the roll surface and are slightly bent when in contact with the roll surface and slightly pressed. The standby mode is a mode in which the brushes 32 are disengaged from the roll surfaces of the corresponding squeeze rolls 22.

The reason why the ratio O is larger than the predetermined ratio is that the fur brush 32 can effectively clean the squeeze roller 22, but the fur of the squeeze roller 22 is easily worn when rubbed by foreign matters for a long time, which may cause the fur to be thin and the extruded particles to have roller dust. Therefore, the roller surface monitoring assembly 4 is arranged, so that the influence on the quality of subsequent extruded particles caused by residual materials accumulated to a certain amount on the extruding roller 22 can be avoided, the abrasion of the extruding roller 22 caused by the long-time cleaning of the extruding roller 22 by the brush 32 can be avoided, roller leather chips mixed in the extruded particles can be reduced, and the granulation quality of the roller type extruding granulator is further improved.

In this embodiment, the granulation apparatus may further comprise a distance sensing assembly 17. The number of distance sensing assemblies 17 matches the number of cleaning mechanisms 3. Each set of distance sensing assemblies 17 is mounted on one of the mounting plates 31 and is used to detect the real-time distance between that mounting plate 31 and the corresponding squeeze roll 22. The controller 5 is also used for controlling the telescopic member 33 to extend and contract according to the real-time distance. The embodiment also provides a control method for controlling the cleaning mechanism 3 to clean by the controller 5, which comprises the following steps:

(1) acquiring a real-time distance; also acquiring a preset distance between the mounting plate 31 and the corresponding squeeze roller 22 when the cleaning mechanism 3 enters the cleaning mode;

(2) judging whether the cleaning mechanism 3 needs to enter a cleaning mode, if so, executing the step (3);

(3) calculating a difference value between the preset distance and the real-time distance, and inquiring a difference value-expansion amount comparison table according to the difference value to obtain the expansion amount corresponding to the difference value;

(4) the expansion member 33 is controlled to expand and contract according to the expansion amount.

Whether this embodiment needs to clean through judging clearance mechanism 3, then through calculating the difference between real-time distance and the distance of predetermineeing, can realize that brush 32 can be comparatively accurate when getting into clean mode stay in the state with squeeze roll 22 contact to clean the roll surface of squeeze roll 22. When squeeze roll 22 need not clean, brush 32 is kept away from squeeze roll 22, and the two do not contact, can effectively avoid brush 32 to clean squeeze roll 22 that leads to for a long time to squeeze roll 22 and wear, can also reduce the roller scurf that mix with in the extrusion granule, further promoted the granulation quality to roll-type extrusion granulator.

To sum up, compare in traditional kitchen garbage biological treatment technique, the granulation equipment of fish fodder production system based on kitchen garbage biological treatment that this embodiment provided has following advantage:

1. this equipment is through setting up cleaning mechanism 3, and remaining clout in the roll surface that squeeze roll 22 and the granulation recess can be scraped to brush 32 when contacting with pivoted squeeze roll 22 to can carry out effectual clearance to squeeze roll 22's roll surface and granulation recess, and then improve the efficiency and the granulation quality of follow-up granulation. Can calculate the material area in the roll surface area of gathering in real time through setting up roll surface monitoring subassembly 4 and account for the ratio, thereby can judge whether present squeeze roll 22 needs the clearance, and then realize the in good time clearance to squeeze roll 22, both can avoid remaining the clout on squeeze roll 22 to cause the influence to the quality of follow-up extrusion granule after accumulating a certain amount, can avoid brush 32 to carry out the squeeze roll 22 wearing and tearing that clean the result for a long time to squeeze roll 22 again, can also reduce the roller scurf that mix with in the extrusion granule, further promoted the granulation quality to roll-type extrusion granulator.

2. Axial length and the pan feeding mouth 101 of the squeeze roll 22 of this equipment match each other, get into granulation case 1 through letting the not extruded powder material along the pan feeding mouth 101 of rectangular shape, can make the powder material distribute all over between two squeeze rolls 22 along squeeze roll 22's axial to avoid the powder to a certain extent along the uneven phenomenon of squeeze roll 22 axial distribution, and then reduce the degree that the local emergence deformation of long-time back squeeze roll 22 of using.

3. This equipment judges clearance mechanism 3 through setting up controller 5 and whether need clean, then through calculating the difference between real-time distance and the distance of predetermineeing, can realize that brush 32 can be comparatively accurate when getting into clean mode stay in the state with squeeze roll 22 contact to clean the roll surface of squeeze roll 22. When the squeeze roller 22 does not need to be cleaned, the brush 32 is far away from the squeeze roller 22 and does not contact with each other, so that mutual influence is reduced.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 5, the present embodiment provides a biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste. In this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1, the granulation apparatus may further include a feeding mechanism 6.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the feeding mechanism 6 is disposed at the top of the granulation tank 1. The feeding mechanism 6 comprises a feeding hopper 61 and a material homogenizing assembly 62. The interior of the hopper 61 communicates with the inlet 101. The homogenizing assembly 62 is disposed above the feed inlet 101. The refining assembly 62 includes a refining bar 621, a plurality of scraping claws 622, and a drive motor 623. The driving motor 623 is provided on the input hopper 61. One end of the homogenizing rod 621 is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the driving motor 623. In this embodiment, the driving motor 623 may be a stepping motor, and the controller 5 controls the output end of the driving motor 623 to rotate at a predetermined rotation speed. The faster the preset rotation speed, the higher the blanking efficiency, and vice versa.

A plurality of material stirring claws 622 can be fixed on the homogenizing rod 621 along the circumferential direction of the homogenizing rod 621 at equal intervals, and when the homogenizing rod 621 rotates and one of the material stirring claws 622 extends into the feeding port 101, two material stirring claws 622 adjacent to the material stirring claw 622 can just contact with the inner wall of the feeding hopper 61 and form a blocking area. It should be noted that the contact between the pusher dog 622 and the feeding hopper 61 means that there is no relative friction between the two and the powder does not fall from between the two.

In this embodiment, the powder material to be extruded is stacked in the feeding hopper 61, and the driving motor 623 is controlled to drive the plurality of material stirring claws 622 to rotate according to the preset rotating speed by the material homogenizing rod 621. The section of the claw 622 may be crescent, with one concave end and the other convex end. Therefore, the concave surface of each material poking claw 622 pokes a certain amount of powder material before extending into the material inlet 101, and then pokes a certain amount of powder material into the material inlet 101 and falls into the extruding mechanism 2. Since when the refining bar 621 rotates and one of the material shifting claws 622 extends into the material inlet 101, the two material shifting claws 622 adjacent to the material shifting claw 622 can just contact with the inner wall of the material inlet 61 to form a blocking area, and the powder material in the blocking area cannot easily fall into the material inlet 101. Consequently when even material pole 621 drives a plurality of claw 622 dwangs of dialling, pile up all the other powder materials inside going into hopper 61 and do not stir and can not fall into pan feeding mouth 101 to realized even unloading, effectively controlled the ration and all with the distribution of the powder material that gets into extrusion mechanism 2, and then improved extrusion mechanism 2's extrusion quality.

Example 3

Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the present embodiment provides a biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste. In this embodiment, on the basis of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, the granulation apparatus may further include a first collecting box 8, a second collecting box 9, and a material guiding plate 10.

The first collecting box 8 is positioned below the material falling point of the extruding mechanism 2, and the collecting box can be movably arranged in the granulation box 1, so that the collecting box can be conveniently taken out from the inside of the granulation box 1 when the collecting box is full of storage.

Two sides of the granulation box 1 can be respectively provided with an opening 103. The material guide plates 10 may be provided in two numbers, and are all disposed in the granulation tank 1. One end of each material guide plate 10 is a material receiving end, and the other end is a material discharging end. The receiving end of each guide plate 10 is used for receiving excess material generated when the excess material is cleaned by one of the cleaning mechanisms 3. The discharge end of each guide plate 10 is inclined downward and extends out of an opening one 103. Two collecting boxes 9 are arranged and are respectively fixed on two sides of the outside of the granulation box 1. The two second collecting boxes 9 are respectively positioned below the material falling points at the discharging ends of the two material guide plates 10 and are used for collecting excess materials.

In this embodiment, the cleaning mechanism 3 can clean the surface of the squeeze roller 22 at a proper time, and the residual materials on the surface of the roller are separated from the surface of the roller and fall down through the cleaning of the brush 32, while the embodiment adds the material guiding plate 10 for receiving the fallen residual materials, so as to guide the residual materials from the granulation box 1 to the collecting box 9 through the opening one 103. And because the biochemical properties of the excess materials in the whole extrusion process and the cleaning process can not be obviously changed, the excess materials can be timely collected and recycled, thereby avoiding waste and further conforming to the resource policy.

Example 4

Referring to fig. 10 and 11, the present embodiment provides a biological treatment method for recycling kitchen waste. This embodiment is based on embodiment 1 or embodiment 2, and the granulation apparatus may further include a screen 11, a vibration motor 12, a third collection tank 13, and a fourth collection tank 14.

A screen 11 is installed in the granulation tank 1 below the pressing mechanism 2 and the cleaning mechanism 3. One end of the granulation box 1 can be provided with a second opening 104. One end of the screen mesh 11 extends out of the second opening 104. In this embodiment, the height of the second opening 104 is greater than that of the screen 11, which not only facilitates the screen 11 to protrude, but also facilitates the material on the screen 11 to be discharged out of the granulation tank 1 through the second opening 104. The vibrating motor 12 is installed on the screen mesh 11 and is used for moving the material on the screen mesh 11 to one end of the screen mesh 11 extending out of the second opening 104 in a single direction through vibration. . The third collecting box 13 is arranged in the granulation box 1 and is positioned below the material falling point of the sieve holes of the sieve mesh 11. The collecting box IV 14 is arranged at one side outside the granulating box 1 and is positioned below a material falling point at one end of the screen mesh 11, which extends out of the opening II 104.

The inner wall of the granulation box 1 can be respectively and fixedly connected with at least four supporting blocks 15. A damping spring 16 may be fixed to each support block 15. The bottom of the screen 11 may be fixed with a plurality of damper springs 16.

In this embodiment, the material discharged from the extruding mechanism 2 and the cleaning mechanism 3 is partially extruded granular material, and the granular material can be further refined and packaged to finally become finished fish feed. The other part is the residual materials cleaned by the cleaning mechanism 3 and the powder which is not extruded and formed by the extruding mechanism 2, when the residual materials fall on the screen mesh 11, a directional vibration wave is formed on the screen mesh 11 through the vibration of the vibration motor 12, and some large residual materials are directly vibrated into small blocks due to the fact that the large residual materials do not have the stability of spherical particles and fall into the collecting box 13 together with other powder from the sieve holes on the screen mesh 11. The granular material retained above the screen 11, which is larger than the preset aperture of the screen 11, is retained on the screen 11 and gradually moves to the second opening 104, and finally falls into the fourth collection box 14.

Therefore, this embodiment carries out a preliminary screening to the material that extrusion mechanism 2 and clearance mechanism 3 were derived, can filter most powder and clout etc. and the material that does not meet the requirements to improved the yields, saved subsequent fine screening and consumed the time cost.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.