阅读说明：本技术 有机器件、显示设备、摄像设备、照明设备以及移动体
(Organic device, display apparatus, image pickup apparatus, illumination apparatus, and moving object
) 是由 佐野博晃
伊藤希之 于 2020-03-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：提供有机器件、显示设备、摄像设备、照明设备以及移动体。有机器件包括配置在基板上的发光元件。各个发光元件均从所述表面侧开始包括反射层、遮光构件、第一电极、包括发光层的有机层、和第二电极。所述发光元件包括彼此相邻配置的第一发光元件和第二发光元件。遮光构件的一部分在第二方向上的长度比所述部分在第一方向上的长度长,所述部分配置在第一发光元件和第二发光元件彼此相邻的区域中,并且第一方向是配置第一发光元件和第二发光元件的方向,第二方向是与第一方向垂直的方向。(Provided are an organic device, a display apparatus, an image pickup apparatus, an illumination apparatus, and a moving body. The organic device includes a light emitting element disposed on a substrate. Each of the light emitting elements includes, from the surface side, a reflective layer, a light shielding member, a first electrode, an organic layer including a light emitting layer, and a second electrode. The light emitting element includes a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element arranged adjacent to each other. A length of a portion of the light shielding member in a second direction is longer than a length of the portion in the first direction, the portion is arranged in a region where the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are adjacent to each other, and the first direction is a direction in which the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are arranged, and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction.)
1. An organic device comprising a substrate and a light-emitting element disposed on a surface of the substrate,
each of the light emitting elements includes, from the surface side, a reflective layer, a light shielding member disposed above the reflective layer, a first electrode disposed above the light shielding member, an organic layer including a light emitting layer disposed above the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed above the organic layer,
the light emitting element includes a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element arranged adjacent to each other,
a length of a portion of the light shielding member in the second direction is longer than a length of the portion in the first direction in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface, the portion is arranged in a region where the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are adjacent to each other, and
the first direction is a direction in which the first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element are arranged, and the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the second direction is a direction along an edge of the first electrode in the region where the first light-emitting element and the second light-emitting element are adjacent to each other.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the light-shielding member is continuously arranged along a periphery of an edge of the first electrode in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface.
4. The device of claim 1, wherein the light blocking member is partially disposed along an edge of the first electrode in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the light-shielding member is partially disposed along an edge of the first electrode in an orthogonal projection with respect to the substrate, and
the light shielding member is disposed in at least one of the following portions in an orthogonal projection with respect to the substrate: a portion of an edge of the first electrode arranged in the first light emitting element adjacent to the second light emitting element; and a portion of an edge of the first electrode arranged in the second light emitting element adjacent to the first light emitting element.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode comprises: a central portion in contact with the organic layer; and an outer peripheral portion surrounding the central portion, an insulator being disposed between the first electrode and the organic layer at the outer peripheral portion, and
the light shielding member is disposed at a position overlapping the outer peripheral portion in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the light-emitting elements further comprises a color filter over the second electrode, and
a distance between the first electrode and the reflective layer of a light emitting element of a first color filter including the light emitting element and a distance between the first electrode and the reflective layer of a light emitting element of a second color filter including the light emitting element, the second color filter transmitting a color different from the first color filter, are different.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the first color filter transmits light at a longer wavelength than the second color filter, and
a distance between the first electrode and a reflective layer of the light emitting element of the first color filter including the light emitting element is longer than a distance between the first electrode and a reflective layer of the light emitting element of the second color filter including the light emitting element.
9. The device of claim 1, wherein the light blocking member electrically connects the reflective layer to the first electrode.
10. The device of claim 1, wherein each of the light emitting elements further comprises a wiring pattern between the reflective layer and the surface configured to supply power to the first electrode.
11. The device according to claim 10, wherein the light-shielding member electrically connects the wiring pattern to the first electrode.
12. The device according to claim 10, wherein in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface, a plug configured to electrically connect the wiring pattern to the first electrode is arranged closer to an edge side of the first electrode than the light shielding member.
13. The device of claim 1, wherein the organic layer is shared by the light-emitting elements.
14. The device of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is shared by the light-emitting elements.
15. A display apparatus, comprising:
an organic device according to any one of claims 1 to 14; and
an active element connected to the organic device.
16. An image pickup apparatus, comprising:
an optical unit including a lens;
an image pickup element configured to receive light passing through the optical unit; and
a display unit configured to display an image,
characterized in that the display unit displays an image captured by the image pickup element and comprises the organic device according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
17. An illumination apparatus, comprising:
a light source; and
at least one of a light diffusion unit and an optical film,
characterized in that the light source comprises an organic device according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
18. A mobile body, comprising:
a main body; and
a lighting device disposed on the main body,
characterized in that the lighting device comprises an organic device according to any one of claims 1 to 14.
19. An organic device comprising a substrate and a light-emitting element disposed on a surface of the substrate,
each of the light emitting elements includes, from the surface side, a reflective layer, a light shielding member disposed above the reflective layer, a first electrode disposed above the light shielding member, an organic layer including a light emitting layer disposed above the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed above the organic layer, and
the light shielding member is disposed along an edge of the first electrode in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface.
20. The device of claim 19, wherein the light-blocking member is disposed continuously along a periphery of an edge of the first electrode in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface.
21. The device of claim 19, wherein the light blocking member is partially disposed along an edge of the first electrode in an orthogonal projection relative to the surface.
22. The device of claim 19, wherein the light emitting element comprises a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element configured adjacent to each other,
the light shielding member is partially arranged along an edge of the first electrode in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface, and
the light shielding member is arranged in at least one of the following parts in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface: a portion of an edge of the first electrode arranged in the first light emitting element adjacent to the second light emitting element; and a portion of an edge of the first electrode arranged in the second light emitting element adjacent to the first light emitting element.
23. The device of claim 19, wherein the first electrode comprises: a central portion in contact with the organic layer; an outer peripheral portion surrounding the central portion, an insulator being disposed between the first electrode and the organic layer at the outer peripheral portion, and
the light shielding member is disposed at a position overlapping the outer peripheral portion in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface.
24. The device of claim 19, wherein each of the light-emitting elements further comprises a color filter over the second electrode, and
a distance between the first electrode and the reflective layer of a light emitting element of a first color filter including the light emitting element and a distance between the first electrode and the reflective layer of a light emitting element of a second color filter including the light emitting element, the second color filter transmitting a color different from the first color filter, are different.
25. The device of claim 24, wherein the first color filter transmits light at a longer wavelength than the second color filter, and
a distance between the first electrode and a reflective layer of the light emitting element of the first color filter including the light emitting element is longer than a distance between the first electrode and a reflective layer of the light emitting element of the second color filter including the light emitting element.
26. The device of claim 19, wherein the light blocking member electrically connects the reflective layer to the first electrode.
27. The device of claim 19, wherein each of the light emitting elements further comprises a wiring pattern between the reflective layer and the surface configured to supply power to the first electrode.
28. The device according to claim 27, wherein the light-shielding member electrically connects the wiring pattern to the first electrode.
29. The device according to claim 27, wherein in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface, a plug configured to electrically connect the wiring pattern to the first electrode is arranged closer to an edge side of the first electrode than the light shielding member.
30. The device of claim 19, wherein the organic layer is shared by the light-emitting elements.
31. The device of claim 19, wherein the second electrode is shared by the light-emitting elements.
32. A display apparatus, comprising:
an organic device according to any one of claims 19 to 31; and
an active element connected to the organic device.
33. An image pickup apparatus, comprising:
an optical unit including a lens;
an image pickup element configured to receive light passing through the optical unit; and
a display unit configured to display an image,
characterized in that the display unit displays an image captured by the image pickup element and comprises the organic device according to any one of claims 19 to 31.
34. An illumination apparatus, comprising:
a light source; and
at least one of a light diffusion unit and an optical film,
characterized in that the light source comprises an organic device according to any one of claims 19 to 31.
35. A mobile body, comprising:
a main body; and
a lighting device disposed on the main body,
characterized in that the lighting device comprises an organic device according to any one of claims 19 to 31.
Technical Field
The invention relates to an organic device, a display apparatus, an image pickup apparatus, an illumination apparatus, and a moving body.
Background
An organic device including an organic EL light emitting element has been attracting attention. A method of improving the resolution of an organic device using a light emitting element that emits white light and a color filter (hereinafter referred to as a white + CF method) is known. Since the organic layer is deposited on the entire surface of the substrate in the white + CF method, resolution can be easily improved by adjusting a pixel size, a pitch between pixels, and the like, compared to a method of depositing an organic layer for each color by using a metal mask. Japanese patent application laid-open No. 2014-235959 discloses that in an electro-optical device (electro-optical) adopting a white + CF method, a pixel electrode provided for each pixel is to be formed of a transparent conductive film, and a power supply line serving as a reflective layer is to be arranged between the pixel electrode and a substrate. Constructing an optical cavity structure between the reflective layer and a counter electrode (counter electrode) disposed via the pixel electrode and the light-emitting layer improves light extraction efficiency and color reproducibility.
Disclosure of Invention
In the structure disclosed in japanese patent laid-open No. 2014-235959, if light reflected by the reflective layer is diffused in the direction of the adjacent pixel and passes through the color filter of the adjacent pixel, color mixing may occur.
Some embodiments of the present invention provide a technique that facilitates improving color reproducibility of organic devices.
According to some embodiments, there is provided an organic device including a substrate and light emitting elements arranged on a surface of the substrate, wherein each of the light emitting elements includes, from the surface side, a reflective layer, a light shielding member arranged above the reflective layer, a first electrode arranged above the light shielding member, an organic layer including a light emitting layer arranged above the first electrode, and a second electrode arranged above the organic layer, the light emitting element includes a first light emitting element and a second light emitting element arranged adjacent to each other, a length of a portion of the light shielding member in a second direction is longer than a length of the portion in a first direction in orthogonal projection with respect to the surface, the portion is arranged in a region where the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are adjacent to each other, and the first direction is a direction in which the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element are arranged, the second direction is a direction perpendicular to the first direction.
According to some other embodiments, there is provided an organic device including a substrate and light emitting elements disposed on a surface of the substrate, wherein each of the light emitting elements includes, from the surface side, a reflective layer, a light shielding member disposed above the reflective layer, a first electrode disposed above the light shielding member, an organic layer including a light emitting layer disposed above the first electrode, and a second electrode disposed above the organic layer, and the light shielding member is disposed along an edge of the first electrode in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface.
Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments (with reference to the accompanying drawings).
Drawings
Fig. 1A and 1B are sectional views of an organic device according to an embodiment;
fig. 2A to 2D are plan views of the organic device shown in fig. 1A;
fig. 3 is a sectional view showing a modification of the organic device shown in fig. 1A;
fig. 4 is a sectional view showing a modification of the organic device shown in fig. 1A;
fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an organic device according to a comparative example;
fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a display apparatus using the organic device illustrated in fig. 1A;
fig. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an image pickup apparatus using the organic device shown in fig. 1A;
fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a portable device using the organic device shown in fig. 1A;
fig. 9A and 9B are diagrams illustrating an example of another display device using the organic device illustrated in fig. 1A;
fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a lighting apparatus using the organic device illustrated in fig. 1A;
fig. 11 is a diagram showing an example of an automobile using the organic device shown in fig. 1A.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the following embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention. A plurality of features are described in the embodiments, but not limited to the invention requiring all such features, and a plurality of such features may be appropriately combined. In the drawings, the same or similar structures are given the same reference numerals, and overlapping description thereof is omitted.
The structure of an organic device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1A to 5. Fig. 1A is a sectional view showing the structure of an organic device 100 of the present invention. In the present embodiment, the light emitting elements 150 are arranged in the organic device 100, and each of the light emitting elements includes an organic layer 105 made of an organic light emitting material such as organic EL or the like. The organic device 100 can be used as a display device or the like.
The organic device 100 includes a substrate 101 and a light emitting element 150 disposed on a surface 201 of the substrate 101. Each light emitting element 150 includes, from the surface 201 side of the substrate 101, a reflective layer 102 that reflects light, a light shielding member disposed above the reflective layer 102, an electrode 104 disposed above the light shielding member, an organic layer 105 including a light emitting layer disposed above the electrode 104, and an electrode 106 disposed above the organic layer 105. The insulating layer 103 is disposed between the reflective layer 102 and the electrode 104. Each of the light-emitting elements 150 includes a sealing layer 107 disposed on the electrode 106 and a planarization layer 108 disposed on the sealing layer 107. Each light emitting element 150 may further include a color filter 151 disposed in the planarization layer 108. In the organic device 100, as shown in fig. 1A, the light emitting elements 150a to 150c may be disposed adjacent to each other and include color filters 151A to 151c, respectively, the color filters 151A to 151c transmitting colors different from each other. This allows the organic device 100 to perform, for example, full color display. Further, a black matrix material that absorbs light, a reflective member 110 that reflects light, and the like can be used as a light shielding member disposed on the reflective layer 102. In the present embodiment, it will be assumed in the following description that the reflection member 110 is used as a light shielding member.
A material capable of supporting each component of the light emitting element 150 is used as the substrate 101. Glass, plastic, a semiconductor material such as silicon, metal, or the like is used as the substrate 101. Switching elements such as transistors, wirings, interlayer insulating films (not shown), and the like may also be formed on the substrate 101.
The reflective layer 102 of each light emitting element 150 emits light through the organic layer 105, and reflects light traveling in the direction of the substrate 101. A material having a reflectance of 50% or more with respect to visible light can be used as the reflective layer 102 from the viewpoint of the light emission efficiency of each light emitting element 150. More specifically, a metal such as aluminum, silver, or the like, an alloy obtained by doping a metal with silicon, copper, nickel, neodymium, titanium, or the like can be used as the reflective layer 102. More specifically, the reflective layer 102 can include a blocking layer on the light reflective surface. Metals such as titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, gold, etc., alloys of these metals, or transparent conductive oxide materials such as ITO, IZO, etc. can be used as the material of the barrier layer of the reflective layer 102.
The insulating layer 103 is disposed between the reflective layer 102 and the electrode 104, and may be made of an inorganic material such as silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), silicon oxide (SiO), or the like. The insulating layer 103 can be formed by using a known technique such as sputtering, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), or the like. The insulating layer 103 can be formed by using an organic material such as an acrylic resin or a polyimide resin. Although the insulating layer 103 is formed of a single layer in the configuration shown in fig. 1A, the insulating layer 103 may be formed of a plurality of layers.
The electrode 104 can be a separate electrode independently provided for each light emitting element 150. In this embodiment mode, the electrode 104 is a transparent conductive film. ITO, IZO, AZO, IGZO, or the like is used as the electrode 104.
The organic layer 105 is disposed on the electrode 104 of the light emitting element 150. The organic layer 105 includes a light-emitting layer using an organic light-emitting material such as organic EL. The organic layer 105 can be formed by known techniques such as vapor deposition, spin coating, and the like. The organic layer 105 can be formed of multiple layers. A hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like may be layers included in the organic layer 105. The light emitting layer emits light based on recombination of holes injected from the anode and electrons injected from the cathode. The light emitting layer may be formed of a single layer or a plurality of layers. The light emitting layer or one of the light emitting layers can include a red light emitting material, a green light emitting material, and a blue light emitting material therein. White light can be obtained by mixing emitted light of the respective colors. In addition, light emitting materials having a complementary color relationship, such as a blue light emitting material and a yellow light emitting material, may be included in one light emitting layer or one of a plurality of light emitting layers.
As shown in fig. 1A, the organic layer 105 may also be shared by the light emitting element 150. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. The organic layer 105 may be entirely or partially patterned for each light emitting element 150.
The electrode 106 is disposed in the organic layer 105 of each light-emitting element 150 and has light-transmitting properties. The electrode 106 may be a semi-transmissive film having a property (semi-transmissive reflectivity) of transmitting a part of light reaching the electrode 106 and reflecting the remaining part of the light. The electrode 106 can be made of, for example, a transparent material (such as a transparent conductive oxide material or the like), a single metal (such as aluminum, silver, gold or the like), an alkali metal (such as lithium, cesium or the like), an alkaline earth metal (such as magnesium, calcium, barium or the like), or an alloy containing these metal materials. An alloy mainly made of magnesium or silver may be used as the electrode 106 as the semi-transmissive film. The electrode 106 can also have a stacked structure using, for example, the above-described materials as long as it has appropriate light transmittance. In addition, as shown in fig. 1A, the electrode 106 may be shared by the light emitting element 150.
As described above, in the present embodiment, the electrode 104 is an anode and the electrode 106 is a cathode. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the electrode 104 may be a cathode and the electrode 106 may be an anode. In this case, the stack structure of the organic layer 105 described above can be appropriately changed.
The sealing layer 107 is disposed on the electrode 106 so as to cover at least the organic layer 105. The sealing layer 107 has light transmittance, and contains an inorganic material having extremely low permeability to external oxygen and water. The sealing layer 107 can be made of, for example, silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), silicon oxide (SiO), aluminum oxide (Al)2O3) Titanium oxide (TiO)2) And the like. Among these materials, silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), and aluminum oxide (Al)2O3) Has high sealing performance to oxygen and water. Can be used byCVD, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD), sputtering, or the like to form the sealing layer 107. The sealing layer 107 may have a single-layer structure as long as it is sufficiently water-repellent, or may have a stacked structure by combining the above-described materials and forming methods. As shown in fig. 1A, the light emitting elements 150 can share the sealing layer 107.
In this embodiment, the planarization layer 108 is disposed on the sealing layer 107. The planarization layer 108 is made of a material having light transmittance. The material for the planarization layer 108 may be an inorganic material or an organic material.
The color filter 151 is disposed on the planarization layer 108. In the present embodiment, the color filters 151a, 151b, and 151c are filters that transmit colors different from each other. As a result, in the organic device 100, each of the light emitting element 150a, the light emitting element 150b, and the light emitting element 150c can be set as a sub-pixel, and the three sub-pixels can be collectively regarded as a single main pixel. The color filters 151a, 151b, and 151c can be color filters that transmit red light, green light, and blue light, respectively. The organic device 100 is capable of full color display by additive color mixing of the sub-pixels.
The light-emitting elements 150 may be provided with a partition wall 109 which is an insulator disposed so as to cover an end portion of the electrode 104. At this time, the electrode 104 may include a central portion 204 and an outer peripheral portion 214, the central portion 204 being in contact with the organic layer 105, and the outer peripheral portion 214 surrounding the central portion 204 and being a portion where the partition wall 109 is arranged as an insulator between the electrode 104 and the organic layer 105. The partition wall 109 can be made of an inorganic material such as silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), silicon oxide (SiO), or the like in the same manner as the insulating layer 103. The partition wall 109 can be formed by using a known technique such as sputtering, CVD, or the like. The partition wall 109 may also be formed by using an organic material such as an acrylic resin or a polyimide resin.
As shown in fig. 1A, the reflective member 110 is disposed between the reflective layer 102 and the electrode 104. As shown in fig. 1A and 2A-2D, the reflective member 110 is also disposed in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface 201 of the substrate 101 along the edge of the electrode 104. In addition, in orthogonal projection with respect to the surface 201 of the substrate 101, as shown in fig. 1A, the reflection member 110 may be arranged at a position overlapping the outer peripheral portion 214 of the electrode 104. The reflective member 110 can be made of a metal such as aluminum, silver, gold, copper, tungsten, titanium nitride, or the like, or an alloy obtained by doping a metal with silicon, nickel, neodymium, titanium, or the like. The reflective member 110 can be formed by depositing a single layer or stacked metal films by sputtering, CVD, plating, or the like.
Next, the effect of the reflection member 110 will be explained. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an organic device 500 of a comparative example without the reflective member 110. A part of the light emitted from the organic layer 105 of the light emitting element 150a and traveling toward the reflective layer 102 is reflected by the reflective layer 102 in a manner shown by an arrow in fig. 5. The reflected light is transmitted through the color filter 151c of the light emitting element 150c, thereby causing occurrence of color mixing. That is, the image quality in the organic device 500 will be degraded.
On the other hand, according to the present embodiment, the reflective member 110 is disposed between the reflective layer 102 and the electrode 104 along the edge of the electrode 104. Configuring the reflective member 110 will cause a portion of the light emitted from the organic layer 105 of the light emitting element 105a and reflected by the reflective layer 102 to be reflected by the reflective member 110 in a manner shown by the arrow in fig. 1A. The light reflected by the reflecting member 110 is transmitted through the color filter 151a of the light emitting element 150 a. As a result, color mixing between the light emitting elements 150 adjacent to each other is reduced, and color purity of the organic device 100 is improved. The same effect can be obtained by using a light absorbing material such as a black matrix material instead of using the above-described reflection member 110 as the light shielding member.
Here, attention will be given to the light emitting element 150b and the light emitting element 150c adjacent to each other. Also, it is assumed that a direction in which the light emitting elements 150b and 150c are arranged (a horizontal direction in fig. 2A to 2D) is a first direction, and a direction perpendicular to the first direction (a vertical direction in fig. 2A to 2D) is a second direction. In this case, as shown in fig. 2A to 2C, in orthogonal projection with respect to the surface 201, the length in the second direction in the portion 1110 of the reflection member 110 arranged in a region where the light emitting element 150b and the light emitting element 150C are adjacent to each other can be longer than the length in the first direction. In this case, as illustrated in fig. 2A to 2C, the second direction can be a direction along the edge of the electrode 104 in a portion where the light emitting element 150b and the light emitting element 150C are adjacent to each other.
As shown in fig. 2B, the reflective member 110 may be continuously disposed along the periphery of the edge of the electrode 104. Also, as shown in fig. 2A, even if the reflecting members 110 are partially arranged along the edges of the electrodes 104 and there are gaps between the respective reflecting members 110, the color mixture suppressing effect can be obtained. In addition, as shown in fig. 2C, in orthogonal projection with respect to the surface 201 of the substrate 101, the reflecting member 110 can be arranged in only one of the following portions: a portion of the edge of the electrode 104 disposed on the light-emitting element 150a adjacent to the light-emitting element 150b, and a portion of the edge of the electrode 104 disposed on the light-emitting element 150b adjacent to the light-emitting element 150 a. When the reflecting member 110 is disposed in at least one of the portions where the light emitting elements 150 are adjacent to each other, an effect of suppressing color mixing between the two adjacent light emitting elements 150 can be obtained. Further, as shown in fig. 2D, the reflection member 110 may be formed of a columnar member. For example, each of the reflective members 110 may be square, circular, or polygonal other than square in orthogonal projection with respect to the surface 201 of the substrate 101. In this case, for example, the total length of the reflective members 110 arranged along the edge sides of the respective light emitting elements 150 will be considered. In this case, in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface 201, for example, in a part 1110 of the total length of the reflecting member 110, the length in the second direction of the reflecting member 110 arranged in a region where the light emitting element 150b and the light emitting element 150c are adjacent to each other may be longer than the length in the first direction.
In addition, the reflective member 110 may serve as a plug for supplying power from the reflective layer 102 to the electrode 104. That is, the reflective layer 102 can form a part of a wiring pattern for supplying power to the electrode 104, and the reflective member 110 electrically connects the reflective layer 102 to the electrode 104. Using the reflective member 110 as a plug will allow the reflective member 110 to be disposed to each light emitting element 150 without increasing the number of steps performed to form the organic device 100.
Further, the reflective member 110 need not be a plug for supplying power to the electrode 104. For example, in the manner of the organic device 100' shown in fig. 1B, each light emitting element 150 may further include a wiring pattern 113 for supplying power to the electrode 104 between the reflective layer 102 and the surface 201 of the substrate 101. In this case, a plug 114 for electrically connecting the wiring pattern 113 to the electrode 104 is disposed on each light emitting element 150. In this case, as shown in fig. 1B, the plug 114 can be disposed closer to the edge side of the electrode 104 than the reflection member 110 in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface 201 of the substrate 101. The wiring pattern 113 may be made of a metal such as aluminum, copper, or the like, or an alloy mainly made of these materials.
Fig. 2A to 2D each show a case where each light emitting element 150 is hexagonal and the light emitting elements 150 have a honeycomb configuration in orthogonal projection with respect to the surface 201 of the substrate 101. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, each of the light emitting elements 150 may be rectangular. For example, a stripe configuration, a square configuration, a triangular configuration, or a Bayer (Bayer) configuration may be employed as the planar configuration of the light emitting element 150. Further, an organic light emitting display device having a high number of pixels can be realized by configuring the main pixels in a matrix.
Fig. 3 is a modification of the organic device 100 shown in fig. 1A. The organic device 300 shown in fig. 3 includes, in addition to the structure included in the organic device 100, a configuration for optimizing an optical path between the reflective layer 102 and a light-emitting position in the light-emitting layer of the organic layer 105 in each color. Hereinafter, description of the configuration overlapping with the above-described organic device 100 will be omitted.
As shown in fig. 3, the insulating layer 111 and the insulating layer 112 are disposed on the reflective layer 102 of the light-emitting element 150b and the reflective layer 102 of the light-emitting element 150a, respectively. The insulating layer 103 is also disposed on the light emitting element 150 c. The insulating layers 111 and 112 can be made of an inorganic material such as silicon nitride (SiN), silicon oxynitride (SiON), silicon oxide (SiO), or the like in the same manner as the insulating layer 103. The insulating layers 111 and 112 can be formed by a known technique such as sputtering, CVD, or the like. The insulating layers 111 and 112 can be formed by using an organic material such as an acrylic resin or a polyimide resin. Although each of the insulating layers 111 and 112 is formed of a single layer in the configuration shown in fig. 3, each of the insulating layers 111 and 112 may be formed of a plurality of layers. After an insulating layer corresponding to the thickness of the insulating layer 111 has been formed over the substrate 101, the insulating layers 103, 111, and 112 can be formed by etching a portion to be the light-emitting element 150a and a portion to be the light-emitting element 150c so that the respective portions will have appropriate thicknesses. In this case, in the insulating layers 103, 111, and 112, portions having the same height as the surface 201 of the substrate 101 will be made of the same material. Further, the insulating layers 103, 111, and 112 may be formed separately from each other. In this case, in the insulating layers 103, 111, and 112, portions having the same height as the substrate 101 may be made of the same material or may be made of different materials.
In order to optimize the optical path length between the reflective layer 102 and the light-emitting position in the light-emitting layer of the organic layer 105 for each color, the optical path length Lr from the reflective layer 102 to the light-emitting position in the light-emitting layer of the organic layer 105 is set to approximately satisfy
Lr＝(2m–(Φr/π)×(λ/4)...(1)
Where m is a non-negative integer, λ is a wavelength of light transmitted through the color filters 151a, 151b, and 151c, and Φ r is a phase shift when light having a wavelength λ is reflected by the reflective layer 102.
Further, an optical length Ls between a light-emitting position in a light-emitting layer of the organic layer 105 and a reflection surface (e.g., lower surface) of the electrode 106 is set to substantially satisfy
Ls＝(2m'–(Φs/π))×(λ/4)＝-(Φs/π))×(λ/4)...(2)
Where m is a non-negative integer (m' is 0 in this configuration) and Φ s is the phase shift when light of wavelength λ is reflected by the electrode 106.
Therefore, the full-layer interference L from the reflective layer 102 to the electrode 106 is set to substantially satisfy
L＝Lr+Ls＝(2m–Φs/π)×(λ/4)...(3)
Where Φ is the sum of phase shifts (Φ r + Φ s) when light of wavelength λ is reflected by the reflective layer 102 and the electrode 106.
In the configuration shown in fig. 3, the optical length Ls represented by equation (2) will have approximately the same thickness. Therefore, the thicknesses of the insulating layer 103, the insulating layer 111, and the insulating layer 112 are set to appropriate values so as to approximately satisfy equations (1) and (3) according to the colors to be transmitted through the color filters 151a, 151b, and 151 c. That is, in the configuration shown in fig. 3, the distance between the reflective layer 102 and the electrode 104 of the light emitting element 150a including the color filter 151a is different from the distance between the reflective layer 102 and the electrode 104 of the respective light emitting elements 150b and 150c including the color filters 151b and 151c, respectively, and the respective color filters 151b and 151c transmit a color different from the color filter 151 a. More specifically, a case where the color filter 151a transmits light having a longer wavelength than the color filter 151c is considered. In this case, the distance between the reflective layer 102 and the electrode 104 of the light emitting element 150a including the color filter 151a will be longer than the distance between the reflective layer 102 and the electrode 104 of the light emitting element 150c including the color filter 151 c.
Further, in the configuration shown in fig. 3 for optimizing the distance between the reflective layer 102 and the light emitting layer of the organic layer 105 to improve light extraction efficiency, the reflective member 110 is disposed in each light emitting element 150 of the organic device 300. The reflective member 110 can suppress a part of light emitted from the light emitting layer of the organic layer 105 and reflected by the reflective layer 102 from entering each of the adjacent light emitting elements 150. This suppresses occurrence of color mixing between the adjacent light emitting elements 150.
In the configuration shown in fig. 3, since the light emitting elements 150a, 150b, and 150c have different optical path lengths, the heights in the direction perpendicular to the surface 201 of the substrate 101 are different for the reflecting member 110. However, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the height of the reflective member 110 may be the same in the light emitting elements 150a, 150b, and 150 c. In this case, each reflective member 110 may be configured to be in contact with the corresponding electrode 104. That is, an insulating layer (corresponding to one of the insulating layers 103, 111, and 112) can be arranged between the reflective layer 102 and the reflective member 110. In the present embodiment, the reflective member 110 is also disposed along the edge of the electrode 104 in an orthogonal projection with respect to the surface 201 of the substrate 101. Since the reflecting member 110 reflects a part of the light emitted from the light emitting layer of the organic layer 105 and reflected by the reflecting layer 102, the light can be suppressed from entering the adjacent light emitting element 150.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a modification of the organic device 100' shown in fig. 1B. The organic device 400 shown in fig. 4 includes a configuration using a plug for electrically connecting the wiring pattern 113 and the electrodes 104 as the respective reflecting members 110. Other configurations may be the same as those of the organic device 100' described above, and a description thereof will be omitted here.
The reflective member 110 is also disposed in each light emitting element 150 of the organic device 400. Therefore, in the same manner as the above-described organic devices 100, 100', 300, and 400, a part of light emitted from the light-emitting layer of the organic layer 105 and reflected by the reflective layer 102 is reflected by the reflective member 110, and light can be suppressed from entering the adjacent light-emitting element 150. Therefore, color mixing between adjacent light-emitting elements 150 can be suppressed.
In the organic device 400 shown in fig. 4, the wiring pattern 113 supplies power to the electrodes 104. In the case where power is supplied from the reflective layer 102 to the electrode 104, a blocking layer may be formed on the surface of the reflective layer 102 to improve the reliability of the reflective layer 102, but the formation of the blocking layer may reduce the reflectivity of the reflective layer 102. On the other hand, in the case where power is supplied from the wiring pattern 113 to the electrode 104 in the manner of the organic device 400, the reflective layer 102 only needs to function as a light reflective layer, and a barrier layer does not need to be formed on the surface of the reflective layer. Therefore, a decrease in the reflectance of the reflective layer 102 due to the formation of the barrier layer can be suppressed.
Next, an example of a method of manufacturing the organic device 100 shown in fig. 1A will be explained. First, a switching element such as a transistor, a wiring, and an interlayer insulating film (all not shown) are formed on a substrate 101 made of silicon using a known semiconductor processing technique or the like. The interlayer insulating film can be made of any material as long as it can ensure insulation from the wiring not connected and form a contact hole to ensure conductivity between the switching element and the like provided on the substrate and the reflective layer 102 serving as the wiring pattern for supplying power to the electrode 104. The interlayer insulating film can be made of resin such as polyimide, silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or the like. After the interlayer insulating film is formed, the reflective layer 102 is formed by patterning a stacked structure made by stacking titanium, titanium nitride, aluminum, and titanium by sputtering. A stacked structure made by stacking silicon oxide and silicon nitride is formed as the insulating layer 103 on the reflective layer 102. A contact hole is formed in the insulating layer 103 by photolithography, and a reflective member 110 is formed in the contact hole. After the reflective member 110 is formed, ITO is deposited and patterned to form the electrode 104. In the organic device 100, each of the reflective members 110 functions as a plug to electrically connect the electrode 104 and the reflective layer 102, and the reflective layer 102 also functions as a wiring pattern for supplying power to the electrode 104. Next, the partition wall 109 which is an insulator for insulating the electrode 104 will be described. The partition wall 109 is made of silicon oxide and formed so that the film thickness at the outer peripheral portion 214 of the electrode 104 will be 65 nm.
After the partition wall 109 was formed, an organic layer 105 having a thickness of 100nm was formed on the electrode 104 by vapor deposition. The electron injection layer of the organic layer 105 was formed by depositing lithium fluoride with a thickness of 1 nm. After the organic layer 105 was formed, silver and magnesium were mixed in a ratio of 1: a ratio of 1 are vapor deposited together to form an electrode 106 having a thickness of 10 nm. Subsequently, a silicon nitride film having a thickness of 2 μm was deposited as the sealing layer 107 by CVD. Further, the planarization layer 108 is formed by spin-coating an acrylic resin to a thickness of 300 nm.
Next, the color filter 151 is formed on the planarization layer 108. Three filters of red, green and blue are configured as the color filter 151. First, a red filter 151a is formed on the light emitting element 150 a. Next, a green filter 151b is formed on the light emitting element 150 b. In addition, a blue filter 151c is formed on the light emitting element 150 c. The formation order of the color filters 151a, 151b, and 151c is not limited thereto.
The organic device 100 is formed by using the above-described process.
In this case, a material having a large work function can be used as a material for forming an electrode which will become an anode of the electrodes 104 and 106. For example, a single metal element such as gold, platinum, silver, copper, nickel, palladium, cobalt, selenium, vanadium, tungsten, or the like, a mixture of these elements, an alloy obtained by combining these elements, or a metal oxide such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, ITO, IZO, or the like can be used. Conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, and the like can also be used.
On the other hand, a material having a small work function may be used as a material forming an electrode to be a cathode of the electrodes 104 and 106. For example, an alkali metal such as lithium, an alkaline earth metal such as calcium, a single metal such as aluminum, titanium, manganese, silver, lead, chromium, or the like, or a mixture of these metals can be used. An alloy obtained by combining these single metals can also be used. For example, magnesium-silver, aluminum-lithium, aluminum-magnesium, silver-copper, zinc-silver, and the like can be used. Metal oxides such as ITO and the like can also be used. Among these electrode materials, a single type of material may be used alone or two or more types of materials may also be used in combination. Also, the cathode may have a single layer structure or a stacked structure. In particular, silver can be used, and silver alloy can be used to suppress aggregation of silver. The alloy can have any ratio as long as the aggregation of silver can be suppressed. For example, the ratio may be 1: 1 for silver to the other metals.
Although an example of forming a 2 μm silicon nitride layer as the sealing layer 107 has been described above, the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, it is possible to suppress display defects by adhering glass provided with an absorbent to the cathode to suppress intrusion of water or the like into the organic compound layer. In addition, in order to suppress intrusion of water or the like into the organic layer 105, the sealing layer 107 may be formed after the electrode 106 has been formed, for example, when the device is conveyed to another chamber without breaking a vacuum state. Further, for example, aluminum oxide can be stacked by Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) after depositing silicon nitride as the sealing layer 107 by CVD or the like.
In addition, for example, in order to form the color filter 151, a color filter corresponding to the size of a pixel can be disposed on another substrate, and the color filter substrate may be bonded to the substrate 101 provided with the light emitting element 150. In addition, the color filters 151 may also be formed by patterning the respective color filters on the planarization layer 108 by photolithography as described above, for example.
The organic layer 105, which can include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron blocking layer, a light emitting layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, and the like, can be formed according to the following method. The organic layer 105 can be formed using a dry process such as vacuum deposition, ionization deposition, sputtering, plasma CVD, or the like. Alternatively, instead of the dry process, a wet process in which the constituent materials are dissolved in an appropriate solvent to form the respective layers by employing a known coating method (spin coating, dip coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett method (LB method), inkjet method, or the like) can be used.
In this case, since crystallization or the like hardly occurs, it is superior in terms of time stability to form each layer by vacuum deposition, solution coating, or the like. In addition, if the deposit is to be formed by using a coating method, each film can be formed by combining an appropriate binder resin.
As the binder resin, a polyvinylcarbazole resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polyester resin, an ABS resin, an acrylic resin, a polyimide resin, a phenol resin, an epoxy resin, a silicone resin, a urea resin, or the like can be used. However, the present invention is not limited to these resins. In addition, a single type of binder resin may be used alone as a homopolymer or a copolymer, or two or more types of binder resins may be mixed and used. Further, additives such as known plasticizers, antioxidants, UV absorbers, and the like may be mixed with the above binder resin as needed.
An application example in which the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 according to the present embodiment is applied to any one of a display apparatus, an image pickup apparatus, a portable device, an illumination apparatus, and a moving body will be described hereinafter with reference to fig. 6 to 11. Fig. 6 is a schematic view illustrating an example of a display apparatus using the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 according to the present embodiment. The display apparatus 1000 can include a touch panel 1003, a display panel 1005, a frame 1006, a circuit substrate 1007, and a battery 1008 between an upper cover 1001 and a lower cover 1009. Flexible Printed Circuits (FPCs) 1002 and 1004 are connected to the touch panel 1003 and the display panel 1005, respectively. Active elements such as transistors are disposed on the circuit substrate 1007. The battery 1008 does not need to be disposed unless the display apparatus 1000 is a portable device, and even if the display apparatus is a portable device, the battery 1008 does not have to be disposed at the position shown in fig. 6. The above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400, which functions as a light emitting apparatus by including the organic layer 105, the organic layer 105 including an organic light emitting material such as organic EL, can be used as the display panel 1005. The organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 serving as the display panel 1005 operates by being connected to an active element such as a transistor or the like disposed on the circuit substrate 1007.
The display apparatus 1000 shown in fig. 6 can be used as a display unit of an image pickup apparatus including an optical unit having a lens and an image pickup element configured to receive light passing through the optical unit. The image pickup apparatus can include a display unit for displaying information obtained by the image pickup element. The display unit can also be a display unit exposed outside the image pickup apparatus or a display unit arranged inside the viewfinder. The image pickup apparatus may be a digital camera or a digital video camera.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of an image pickup apparatus using the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 according to the present embodiment. The image pickup apparatus 1100 can include a viewfinder 1101, a rear display 1102, an operation portion 1103, and a housing 1104. The above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 functioning as a light emitting apparatus by including the organic layer 105 having an organic light emitting material can be used as a viewfinder 1101, the viewfinder 1101 being a display unit. In this case, the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 may display not only an image to be photographed but also environmental information, an image pickup instruction, and the like. The environmental information may be information such as the intensity of natural light, the direction of natural light, the moving speed of the subject, the possibility of the subject being blocked by a blocking object, and the like.
Since the timing suitable for image capturing is often a short period of time, it is desirable to display information as quickly as possible. Therefore, the above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 including the organic layer 105 can be used as the viewfinder 1101, the organic layer 105 including an organic light emitting material. This is because the organic light emitting material has a high response speed. For these devices requiring a high display speed, the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 using an organic light emitting material can be more suitably used than a liquid crystal display device.
The image pickup apparatus 1100 includes an optical unit (not shown). The optical unit includes a lens, and forms an image on an image pickup element (not shown) that receives light passing through the optical unit and is accommodated in the housing 1104. The focus of the lens can be adjusted by adjusting the relative position of the lens. This operation can be performed automatically.
The above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400, which functions as a light emitting apparatus by including the organic layer 105, the organic layer 105 including an organic light emitting material, can be used as a display unit of a portable device. In this case, the organic device may have both a display function and an operation function. The mobile device can be a mobile phone such as a smartphone, a tablet computer, a head mounted display, and the like.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view illustrating an example of a portable device using the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 according to the present embodiment. The portable device 1200 includes a display unit 1201, an operation unit 1202, and a housing 1203. The housing 1203 can include a circuit, a printed board including the circuit, a battery, and a communication unit. The operation section 1202 can be a button or a touch panel type reaction unit. The operation unit 1202 can also be a biometric authentication unit that performs unlocking or the like by authenticating a fingerprint. A portable device comprising a communication unit can also be regarded as a communication apparatus. The above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400, which functions as a light emitting apparatus by including the organic layer 105, the organic layer 105 including an organic light emitting material, can be used as the display unit 1201.
Fig. 9A and 9B are schematic views illustrating an example of a display device using the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 according to the present embodiment. Fig. 9A shows a display device such as a television monitor or a PC monitor. The display apparatus 1300 includes a frame 1301 and a display unit 1302. The above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400, which functions as a light emitting apparatus by including the organic layer 105, the organic layer 105 including an organic light emitting material, can be used as the display unit 1302. The display device 1300 may further include a base 1303 supporting the frame 1301 and the display unit 1302. The base 1303 is not limited to the form shown in fig. 9A. For example, the underside of the frame 1301 may also serve as the base 1303. In addition, the frame 1301 and the display unit 1302 can be bent. The radius of curvature in this case can be 5000mm or more and 6000mm or less.
Fig. 9B is a schematic view illustrating another example of a display device using the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 according to the present embodiment. The display device 1310 shown in fig. 9B can be folded, i.e., the display device 1310 is a so-called foldable display device. The display device 1310 includes a first display unit 1311, a second display unit 1312, a housing 1313, and a bending point 1314. The above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400, which functions as a light emitting apparatus by including the organic layer 105, the organic layer 105 including an organic light emitting material, can be used as one of the first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 can be one seamless display device. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 can be divided from the bending point. The first display unit 1311 and the second display unit 1312 can display different images, and can also display a single image together.
Fig. 10 is a schematic view showing an example of a lighting apparatus using the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 according to the present embodiment. The lighting device 1400 can include a housing 1401, a light source 1402, a circuit board 1403, an optical film 1404, and a light diffusing unit 1405. The above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400, which functions as a light emitting apparatus by including the organic layer 105, the organic layer 105 including an organic light emitting material, can be used as the light source 1402. Optical film 1404 can be a filter that improves color rendering of the light source. The light diffusion unit 1405 can light up or the like to transmit light of the light source over a wide range by effectively diffusing the light. The lighting device 1400 can further comprise a cover at the outermost portion. The lighting device 1400 may include both the optical film 1404 and the light diffusing unit 1405, or may include only one of these components.
The lighting apparatus 1400 is an apparatus for lighting a room or the like. The lighting device 1400 can emit white light, natural white light, or any color from blue to red. The lighting device 1400 can also include a light control loop for controlling these light components. The lighting device 1400 can also include a power supply circuit to be connected with the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 serving as the light source 1402. The power supply loop can be a loop for converting an AC voltage to a DC voltage. "white" has a color temperature of about 4200K, and "natural white" has a color temperature of about 5000K. The lighting device 1400 may also have a color filter. In addition, the lighting apparatus 1400 can have a heat dissipation unit. The heat dissipating unit dissipates internal heat of the device to the outside of the device, and examples of the heat dissipating unit are metal having high specific heat and liquid silicon.
Fig. 11 is a schematic view of an automobile including a tail lamp as an example of a vehicle lighting device using the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 according to the present embodiment. The automobile 1500 has a tail lamp 1501, and the tail lamp 1501 is lit when a braking operation or the like is performed. An automobile is an example of a mobile body, and the mobile body can be a ship, an unmanned aerial vehicle, an airplane, or the like. The moving body can include a main body and a lighting device installed in the main body. The lighting device may also be a device that notifies the subject of the current position.
The above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 used as a light emitting apparatus by including the organic layer 105, the organic layer 105 including an organic light emitting material, can be used as the rear light 1501. The tail light 1501 can have a protective member for protecting the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 serving as the tail light 1501. Although the material of the protective member is not limited as long as it is a transparent material having a certain degree of high strength, it may be made of polycarbonate or the like. The protective member can also be formed by mixing a furandicarboxylic acid derivative or an acrylonitrile derivative in polycarbonate.
The automobile 1500 can include a body 1503 and a window 1502 mounted to the body 1503. The window can be a window for inspecting the front and rear of the car and can also be a transparent display. The above-described organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400, which serves as a light emitting apparatus by including the organic layer 105, the organic layer 105 including an organic light emitting material, can be used as the transparent display. In this case, a constituent material such as an electrode of the organic device 100, 100', 300, or 400 is formed of a transparent member.
While the present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments. The scope of the claims is to be accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.
