阅读说明：本技术 一种提高抗氧化和免疫功能的鱼类饲料添加剂 (Fish feed additive for improving antioxidant and immune functions ) 是由 邓君明 谭北平 迟淑艳 董晓慧 杨奇慧 刘泓宇 章双 谢诗玮 张卫 于 2020-06-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种提高抗氧化和免疫功能的鱼类饲料添加剂,属于水产养殖技术领域。利用β-葡聚糖、维生素C磷酸酯和硫辛酸等生物活性物质的配伍效应,配制复合鱼类饲料添加剂,其中各种原料的重量百分比为：β-葡聚糖71.4～90.9%、维生素C磷酸酯2.3～7.2%、硫辛酸6.8～21.4%；所有原料的重量百分比之和为100%,其在鱼类配合饲料中的添加比例为0.2～1.0%；本发明充分利用抗氧化剂与免疫增强剂之间的协同增效作用,增强了鱼类的抗氧化应激和免疫抗病力,提高了饲料性价比和鱼类养殖效益。(The invention relates to a fish feed additive for improving antioxidant and immune functions, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture. The composite fish feed additive is prepared by utilizing the compatibility effect of biological active substances such as beta-glucan, vitamin C phosphate, lipoic acid and the like, wherein the weight percentage of various raw materials is as follows: 71.4-90.9% of beta-glucan, 2.3-7.2% of vitamin C phosphate and 6.8-21.4% of lipoic acid; the sum of the weight percentages of all the raw materials is 100%, and the adding proportion of the raw materials in the fish compound feed is 0.2-1.0%; the invention fully utilizes the synergistic interaction between the antioxidant and the immunopotentiator, enhances the antioxidant stress and the immunological disease resistance of the fish, and improves the cost performance of the feed and the fish culture benefit.)

1. A fish feed additive for improving antioxidant and immune functions is characterized in that: including beta-glucan, vitamin C phosphate, and lipoic acid.

2. The fish feed additive for improving antioxidant and immune functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feed additive comprises, by weight, 71.4-90.9% of beta-glucan, 2.3-7.2% of vitamin C phosphate and 6.8-21.4% of lipoic acid; the sum of the weight percentages of all the raw materials is 100 percent.

3. The fish feed additive for improving antioxidant and immune functions as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the adding proportion of the compound feed in the fish compound feed is 0.2-1.0%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fish feed additive, in particular to a fish feed additive for improving antioxidant and immune functions, and belongs to the technical field of aquaculture.

Background

The feed is a main source for obtaining nutrients and energy by the fishes, and the fishes obtain the nutrients and energy required by growth and development from the outside through feeding activities. In modern aquaculture, in order to meet the growth requirements of fishes to the maximum extent and reduce the production cost, the preparation technology of aquatic feeds is also becoming more mature. The aquatic feed contains nutrients required by fish growth, and the nutrients are easily oxidized by air and damaged by high temperature in the storage and production processes, so that the nutritional value of the feed is reduced, the palatability is poor, the protein and the feed are easily damaged due to serious oxidation, even substances toxic and harmful to the fish are generated, and huge loss is brought to aquaculture production. Furthermore, antioxidant is also an important physiological mechanism for the animal body to maintain normal metabolism and healthy defense. Therefore, the antioxidant added into the fish feed can relieve the problems of feed oxidation and the like caused in the production and storage processes of the feed, and can obviously improve the antioxidant stress and the immune disease resistance of the fish. Antioxidants can be classified into two major types, i.e., synthetic antioxidants and natural antioxidants, according to their source. Most of the antioxidants currently used in aquatic feeds are artificially synthesized antioxidants such as Ethoxyquinoline (EQ), dibutylhydroxytoluene (BHT), Butylhydroxyanisole (BHA), etc. due to the cost of the feed, these synthetic antioxidants have strong antioxidant property and can protect the feed from oxidation and rancidity, but the artificially synthesized antioxidants have safety evaluation problem. The research proves that: synthetic antioxidants such as EQ have certain side effects on fish immunity, and the disease resistance of fish can be reduced after long-term use; and EQ can enter animals through feed, and the metabolite, namely ethoxyquinoline quinone, has genetic toxicity. Thus, the eu committee announced a ban on EQ in all animal feeds and their raw materials on 31/3/2018. In addition, another synthetic antioxidant, BHT, used as a stabilizer for fish meal, was also included in the european union's re-approval process and is expected to be released at final decision in 2020 or 2021. Therefore, it is very important to find safe and reliable natural antioxidants.

With the continuous expansion of aquaculture scale, the increase of aquaculture varieties, the continuous promotion of high-density intensive aquaculture modes, the deterioration of aquaculture environment and the like, aquaculture diseases frequently occur, and huge loss is caused to aquaculture production. At present, the disease control of aquaculture still takes chemical drugs such as antibiotics and the like as main materials, which not only causes the drug resistance problem of pathogenic bacteria, but also brings certain hidden danger to the quality safety of aquaculture products, and also has the defects of destroying the micro-ecological balance of the environment, threatening the health and survival of human beings and the like. Therefore, the 194 th bulletin issued by rural areas in agriculture stops the production of commercial feeds containing growth-promoting drug feed additives (except for traditional Chinese medicines) from 7/1/2020. Immunopotentiators are substances that enhance the body's own nonspecific immunity and enhance the body's specific reactions against microorganisms or pathogens by promoting or inducing the body's defense reactions. The fish immunopotentiator can improve the immunity and disease resistance of fish while ensuring the balance of the intestinal micro-ecological environment of fish, thereby reducing the incidence of fish diseases. At present, the commonly used fish immunopotentiators are mainly as follows: microbial agents, microbial polysaccharides, chitin and chitosan, plant polysaccharides, animal extracts, nutrients, hormones and other cytokines, etc. The action mechanism of different kinds of immunopotentiators is different, and the excessive administration of the immunopotentiators can cause the immunosuppression of the body.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides the fish feed additive for improving the oxidation resistance and the immune function, and the invention fully exerts the compatibility effect of biological active substances such as beta-glucan, vitamin C phosphate, lipoic acid and the like in a reasonable range to prepare the fish feed additive for improving the oxidation resistance and the immune function, thereby overcoming the defect of a single feed additive, fully exerting the synergistic effect between an antioxidant and an immunopotentiator, further enhancing the oxidation resistance stress and the immune disease resistance of fish, and improving the feed cost performance and the fish culture benefit.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a fish feed additive for improving antioxidant and immune functions comprises beta-glucan, vitamin C phosphate and lipoic acid, wherein the weight percentage of each raw material is as follows: 71.4-90.9% of beta-glucan, 2.3-7.2% of vitamin C phosphate and 6.8-21.4% of lipoic acid; the sum of the weight percentages of all the raw materials is 100%, and the adding proportion of the raw materials in the fish compound feed is 0.2-1.0%.

Beta-glucan is a natural polysaccharide, mostly water-insoluble colloidal particles, mainly present in the cell walls of bacteria and fungi, and also present in the coating of higher plant seeds, and the linkage mode of the glycosidic bond is mainly beta-1, 3 bond, and contains some beta-1, 6 glycosidic bond branches. The beta-glucan has a spiral molecular structure due to a special bond combination mode and the existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and the unique configuration is easily recognized by the immune system of fish. Therefore, the beta-glucan can activate macrophages and further induce a series of immune reactions, so that organisms absorb, destroy and eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the bodies through phagocytosis, and the immune function of the fishes is improved. In addition, the beta-glucan also has the biological functions of regulating the structure of intestinal flora, promoting the development of intestinal tracts, enhancing the oxidation resistance of organisms, reducing blood fat and the like.

Lipoic acid is an enzyme present in mitochondria that scavenges singlet oxygen (alpha-lipoic acid)¹O₂) Except for almost all free radicals. In addition, the lipoic acid is the only non-nutritive antioxidant with fat solubility and water solubility, is easy to absorb and can be distributed to all parts of the body to play a role, even can permeate the blood brain barrier, and the body is protected from being damaged by oxidation.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is a monosaccharide oxidation-reduction catalyst in plants and animals and protects biofilms from peroxide damage by effectively resisting reactive oxygen radicals, reducing oxygen radicals in tissues. Vitamin C as free radical scavenger can rapidly react with superoxide anion free radical (O)₂ ^-) And hydrogen peroxide (H)₂O₂) React with hydroxyl radical (OH) to generate ascorbic acid radical, and can also remove ascorbic acid radical¹O₂Thereby protecting the body from damage by endogenous oxygen free radicals.

At present, hundreds of natural antioxidants/immunopotentiators exist, and the action mechanisms of different antioxidants/immunopotentiators are different due to their different molecular structures. In addition, many bioactive substances, in addition to having antioxidant/immunomodulatory effects themselves, also have a synergistic effect.

The vitamin C phosphate and the lipoic acid are fat-soluble substances and need to be dissolved in base oil, particularly in the oil rich in linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and the quality of the vitamin C phosphate and the lipoic acid is directly related to the efficacy and the overall quality of the compound antioxidant.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the method comprises the steps of taking full consideration of the theoretical basis that linoleic acid and linolenic acid are essential fatty acids for most fishes, and preparing a feed fat source mainly comprising the linoleic acid and the linolenic acid;

the fish feed additive capable of improving the oxidation resistance and the immune function is prepared by compatibility of the beta-glucan, the vitamin C phosphate and the lipoic acid, so that the defects of single antioxidant/immune enhancer are overcome, the synergistic effect between the antioxidant and the immune enhancer is fully exerted, the oxidation resistance stress and the immune disease resistance of fish are further enhanced, and the feed cost performance and the fish culture benefit are improved.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.