Management device and power storage system
阅读说明:本技术 管理装置、蓄电系统 (Management device and power storage system ) 是由 山本贤人 黑崎雄太 于 2018-12-28 设计创作,主要内容包括:单元电压测量部(12)测量被串联连接的多个单元(E1-Em)各自的电压。总电压测量部(11)测量多个单元(E1-Em)的总电压。控制部(15)管理多个单元(E1-Em)各自的内部阻抗。控制部(15)检测由总电压测量部(11)测量到的总电压的纹波,将多个单元(E1-Em)的各单元的内部阻抗相对于合成内部阻抗的比率乘以检测出的总电压的纹波来推定各单元电压的纹波,判定各单元电压的纹波是否处于容许电压的范围内。(A cell voltage measurement unit (12) measures the voltage of each of a plurality of cells (E1-Em) connected in series. A total voltage measurement unit (11) measures the total voltage of the plurality of cells (E1-Em). A control unit (15) manages the internal impedance of each of the plurality of cells (E1-Em). A control unit (15) detects the ripple of the total voltage measured by the total voltage measurement unit (11), multiplies the ratio of the internal impedance of each of the plurality of cells (E1-Em) to the synthesized internal impedance by the ripple of the detected total voltage to estimate the ripple of each cell voltage, and determines whether the ripple of each cell voltage is within the range of the allowable voltage.)
1. A management device is provided with:
a cell voltage measuring unit that measures voltages of a plurality of cells connected in series;
a total voltage measuring unit that measures a total voltage of the plurality of cells; and
a control unit for managing internal impedance of each of the plurality of cells,
the control unit detects a ripple of the total voltage measured by the total voltage measuring unit, multiplies a ratio of an internal impedance of each of the plurality of units to a synthesized internal impedance by the ripple of the detected total voltage to estimate a ripple of each of the unit voltages, and determines whether the ripple of each of the unit voltages is within an allowable voltage range.
2. A management device is provided with:
a cell voltage measuring unit that measures voltages of a plurality of cells connected in series;
a ripple detecting section that detects ripples of cell voltages of some of the plurality of cells; and
a control unit for managing internal impedance of each of the plurality of cells,
the control unit estimates a ripple of each cell voltage based on the ripple of the voltage detected by the ripple detection unit and each internal impedance of the plurality of cells, and determines whether the ripple of each cell voltage is within an allowable voltage range.
3. The management device according to claim 2,
the ripple detection section is provided in the control section.
4. The management device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
the control unit manages the internal impedance of each cell in a frequency band corresponding to a frequency 2 times the commercial power supply frequency.
5. The management device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the management device further includes:
a current measuring unit that measures currents flowing in the plurality of cells; and
a temperature measuring unit that measures temperatures of the plurality of cells,
the control unit includes a table in which characteristic data of the cell, i.e., SOHlang EN-US > state of health, SOC, i.e., state of charge, and internal impedance for each temperature are described,
the control unit determines the internal impedance of each cell with reference to the table based on the SOH, SOC, and temperature of each cell.
6. The management device according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
the management device further includes:
a current measuring unit that measures currents flowing in the plurality of cells,
the control unit estimates the internal impedance of each cell based on a voltage change of each cell before and after a predetermined current is supplied to the plurality of cells.
7. An electricity storage system is provided with:
a plurality of cells connected in series; and
the management device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which manages the plurality of units.
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a management device and a power storage system that manage states of a plurality of cells connected in series.
Background
In recent years, the demand for secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries and nickel hydride batteries has been expanding. Secondary batteries are used in various applications such as in-vehicle applications and stationary storage applications (e.g., backup, peak shift, fr (frequency adjustment)). In particular, in recent years, the number of shipped EVs (Electric vehicles) and PHEVs (Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicles) has increased, and charging to EVs/PHEVs from a charger installed outside the Vehicle has increased.
Along with this, the number of cases in which low-cost and low-specification chargers are used is increasing. In a low-specification charger, a ripple component generated when alternating-current power of a commercial power supply system is rectified cannot be sufficiently removed, and a current having a large ripple component superimposed thereon flows into a secondary battery. In stationary power storage applications, a power conditioner is required to be compact and low-cost, and a current having a large ripple component superimposed thereon may flow into a secondary battery.
In an electric storage system including a plurality of cells connected in series, a voltage is measured for each cell, and whether or not the cell voltage is within an allowable voltage range is monitored (for example, see patent document 1). In the case of charging from a low-specification charger, there is a fear that the cell voltage pulsates and exceeds the allowable voltage range of the cell due to the influence of the ripple current.
Prior art documents
Patent document
Patent document 1: JP 2008-112740
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
Since the ripple of the cell voltage is a minute voltage variation, a high-precision voltage measurement circuit is required to monitor the ripple of the cell voltage with high precision. Furthermore, the cell voltage needs to be sampled at a sampling frequency that is a multiple or more of the ripple frequency. To fulfill this need, a costly and large-sized voltage measurement circuit (e.g., an analog front-end IC) is required. In particular, the larger the number of units connected in series, the larger the circuit scale, and the larger the system size and cost.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a technique capable of measuring a ripple of each voltage of a plurality of cells connected in series by a low-cost and small-scale circuit.
In order to solve the above problem, a management device according to an aspect of the present invention includes: a cell voltage measuring unit that measures voltages of a plurality of cells connected in series; a total voltage measuring unit that measures a total voltage of the plurality of cells; and a control unit that manages the internal impedance of each of the plurality of cells. The control unit detects a ripple of the total voltage measured by the total voltage measuring unit, multiplies a ratio of an internal impedance of each of the plurality of units to a synthesized internal impedance by the ripple of the detected total voltage to estimate a ripple of each of the unit voltages, and determines whether the ripple of each of the unit voltages is within an allowable voltage range.
According to the present invention, the ripple of each voltage of a plurality of cells connected in series can be measured by an inexpensive and small-scale circuit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining an electric storage system according to
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of output waveforms of a charging current and a storage module voltage when charging is performed by a low-specification charger.
Fig. 3 (a) - (c) are diagrams for explaining the influence of the ripple of the charging current flowing from the low-specification charger into the cell.
Fig. 4 (a) - (b) are partial circuit diagrams showing a configuration example of the total voltage measuring unit.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart for explaining a ripple measurement method of the power storage system according to
Fig. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a ripple measurement method of the power storage system according to
Fig. 7 (a) - (b) are partial circuit diagrams showing a configuration example according to embodiment 3.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a diagram for explaining an
The
The 1 st relay SW1 is inserted between the wirings connecting the power storage module 20 of the
The
A shunt resistor Rs is connected in series with the plurality of cells E1-Em. The shunt resistor Rs functions as a current detection element. In addition, a hall element may be used instead of the shunt resistance Rs. Further, a temperature sensor T1 for detecting the temperature of the plurality of cells E1-Em may be provided. For example, a thermistor can be used for the temperature sensor T1.
The management device 10 includes a total
The cell
The cell
The temperature measuring unit 13 includes a voltage dividing resistor and an a/D converter. The a/D converter converts the voltage divided by the temperature sensor T1 and the voltage dividing resistor into a digital value and outputs the digital value to the
The
In addition, when an a/D converter is mounted in the
The drive unit 16 generates a drive signal for opening and closing the 1 st relay SW1 or the 2 nd relay SW2 based on a control signal from the
The
The
The
SOH is defined by the ratio of the current fully charged capacitance to the initial fully charged capacitance, with degradation progressing as the value is lower (closer to 0%). The SOH may be obtained by capacitance measurement based on full charge and discharge, or may be obtained by summing the storage degradation and the cycle degradation. The storage degradation can be estimated based on the SOC, the temperature, and the storage degradation speed. Cycle degradation can be estimated based on the SOC range, temperature, current rate, and rate of cycle degradation used. The stored degradation rate and the cycle degradation rate can be derived in advance through experiments and simulations. The SOC, temperature, SOC range, and current rate can be obtained by measurement.
Further, SOH can be estimated based on a correlation with the internal resistance of the cell. The internal resistance can be estimated by dividing the voltage drop occurring when a given current flows through the cell for a given time by the current value. The internal resistance is in a relationship of decreasing as the temperature increases, and increasing as the SOH decreases. The deterioration of the cell progresses as the number of charge and discharge increases. In addition, the deterioration of the cell depends on individual differences and use environments. Therefore, as the use period becomes longer, basically, the deviation of the capacitances of the plurality of cells E1-Em becomes gradually larger.
The
The present embodiment is directed to measuring a ripple component corresponding to a frequency (100 Hz or 120Hz in japan) 2 times the commercial power supply frequency (50 Hz or 60Hz in japan) superimposed from the system 5, and will be described in detail later. Therefore, the characteristic diagram of the internal impedance is derived on the premise that a voltage on which a ripple component having a
As described above, the
In the vehicle, a 2 nd relay SW2 is inserted between the wiring connecting the power storage module 20 and the charger 4. Instead of the relay, another type of switch such as a semiconductor switch may be used. Management device 10 controls second relay SW2 to be in the on state (closed state) when charging is started, and to be in the off state (open state) when charging is completed. When an overvoltage, an undervoltage, an overcurrent, or a temperature abnormality is detected in at least one of the cells E1-Em during charging from the charger 4, the management device 10 turns off the 2 nd relay SW2 to protect the cells E1-Em.
The charger 4 full-wave rectifies the ac power supplied from the system 5 and smoothes the ac power with a filter. Since it is difficult to remove all the periodic components by the filter, a ripple component of 2 times the frequency of the commercial power supply is superimposed on the output power of the charger 4.
As described above, with the spread of EV/PHEV, low-cost and low-specification chargers are spreading. The high-specification charger is composed of two converters: a high power factor converter called a pfc (power factor correction) circuit for suppressing a higher harmonic current at the time of charging; and a DC/DC converter that removes a ripple component from an output current including a low-frequency ripple of the PFC circuit to control the charging current, so that the ripple of the output current of the charger becomes a small ripple. On the other hand, many low-specification chargers have a configuration in which a charging current is controlled by a PFC circuit. In this case, the ripple of the output current of the charger becomes a large ripple.
Fig. 2 is a diagram showing an example of output waveforms of a charging current and a storage module voltage when charging is performed by a low-specification charger. The example shown in fig. 2 is an example of a state in which the voltage of the power storage module 20 is about 48V, the charging current is about 23A, and the charging power is about 1100W. As shown in fig. 2, the ripple of the charging current becomes large. Since such an increase in the number of chargers is expected in the future, it is important to take measures against ripples on the
Fig. 3 (a) - (c) are diagrams for explaining the influence of the ripple of the charging current flowing from the low specification charger flow to the cell. Fig. 3 (a) is a diagram showing a simple equivalent circuit of the unit E1. The unit E1 is constituted by a series circuit of the electromotive force E and the internal resistance Ri. Fig. 3 (b) shows a waveform of a charging current i flowing through the cell E1 when charging is performed from a low-specification charger. Fig. 3 (c) is a diagram showing a voltage waveform of the cell E1 when charging is performed from a low-specification charger. When the ripple of the charging current i increases, the voltage of the cell E1 also ripples due to the influence of the ripple. If the cell voltage is pulsed, the probability of exceeding the maximum allowable voltage of the cell E1 becomes high. Therefore, in order to monitor whether or not an overvoltage is applied to the cell E1, it is important to measure the ripple of the cell voltage with high accuracy. The ripple of the cell voltage is represented by the difference between the maximum voltage value and the minimum voltage value in a unit period, i.e., the peak-to-peak value. The ripple of the cell voltage may be represented by a maximum voltage value or a minimum voltage value with respect to the dc component in a unit cycle.
Since the ripple of the cell voltage is a minute voltage variation, a high-precision voltage measurement circuit is required. Furthermore, the cell voltage needs to be sampled at a sampling frequency that is 2 times or more the ripple frequency. For this reason, it is considered to mount the high-specification cell
Fig. 4 (a) - (b) are partial circuit diagrams showing a configuration example of the total
In the example shown in fig. 4 (b), the total
Fig. 5 is a flowchart for explaining a ripple measurement method of the
When the charging from the charger 4 to the power storage module 20 is started (S13), the
The
Ripple of the nth unit voltage (ripple of total voltage x) (internal impedance/synthesized impedance of nth unit) (equation 1)
The
As described above, according to
High-frequency noise superimposed on the switching power supply of charger 4 can be absorbed by connecting a capacitor to the input stage of power storage module 20. In contrast, in order to absorb low-frequency noise of 100Hz or 120Hz by a capacitor, a capacitor having a large capacitance is required, which leads to an increase in system size and an increase in cost. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the cost not by the low-frequency noise removal but by monitoring and blocking the current as needed.
Next, a ripple measurement method of the
Fig. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a ripple measurement method of the
The
As described above, according to
Next, a ripple measurement method of the
Fig. 7 (a) - (b) are partial circuit diagrams showing a configuration example according to embodiment 3. In embodiment 3, the total
As described above, according to embodiment 3, the ripple of each unit voltage other than one is estimated by multiplying the ripple of the unit voltage of one unit by the ratio of the internal impedance of one unit to the internal impedance of each other unit. This makes it possible to measure the ripple of one cell voltage, and thus to suppress an increase in the system size and an increase in the cost of the cell
The present invention has been described above based on the embodiments. The embodiments are illustrative, and various modifications may be made to the combination of these components and processes, and those skilled in the art will understand that such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention.
In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the above-described ripple measurement method is used in the
In addition, the embodiment can be determined by the following items.
[ item 1]
A management device (10) is characterized by comprising:
a cell voltage measurement unit (12) that measures the voltage of each of a plurality of cells (E1-Em) connected in series;
a total voltage measurement unit (11) that measures the total voltage of the plurality of cells (E1-Em); and
a control unit (15) that manages the internal impedance of each of the plurality of cells (E1-Em),
the control unit (15) detects a ripple of the total voltage measured by the total voltage measurement unit (11), multiplies the ratio of the internal impedance of each cell (En) of the plurality of cells (E1-Em) to the synthesized internal impedance by the detected ripple of the total voltage to estimate the ripple of each cell voltage, and determines whether the ripple of each cell voltage is within the range of the allowable voltage.
Thus, the ripple of each voltage of the plurality of cells (E1-Em) can be measured by a low-cost and small-scale circuit.
[ item 2]
A management device (10) is characterized by comprising:
a cell voltage measurement unit (12) that measures the voltage of each of a plurality of cells (E1-Em) connected in series;
a ripple detection section (15a) that detects ripples of cell voltages of a part of the cells (E1) among the plurality of cells (E1-Em); and
a control unit (15) that manages the internal impedance of each of the plurality of cells (E1-Em),
the control unit (15) estimates the ripple of each cell voltage based on the ripple of the voltage detected by the ripple detection unit (15a) and the internal impedances of the cells (E1-Em), and determines whether the ripple of each cell voltage is within the allowable voltage range.
Thus, the ripple of each voltage of the plurality of cells (E1-Em) can be measured by a low-cost and small-scale circuit.
[ item 3]
The management device (10) according to
Accordingly, the system size can be made small and large.
[ item 4]
The management device (10) according to any one of
Thus, the ripple component superimposed on the slave system (5) can be measured with high accuracy.
[ item 5]
The management device (10) according to any one of
a current measurement unit (14) that measures currents flowing in the plurality of cells (E1-Em); and
a temperature measuring unit (13) that measures the temperature of the plurality of cells (E1-Em),
the control unit (15) includes a table (15b) in which characteristic data Of the State Of Charge (SOHlang) and the State Of Charge (SOC) Of the unit (E1-Em) are described, wherein the characteristic data Of the unit (E1-Em) includes a value Of the State Of Charge (EN-US >),
the control unit (15) determines the internal impedance of each cell (En) by referring to the table (15b) based on the SOH, SOC, and temperature of each cell (En).
Thus, the internal impedance of each cell (En) can be estimated with high accuracy.
[ item 6]
The management device (10) according to any one of
a current measuring unit (14) that measures currents flowing in the plurality of cells (E1-Em),
the control unit (15) estimates the internal impedance of each cell (En) based on the voltage change of each cell (En) before and after a predetermined current is supplied to the plurality of cells (E1-Em).
Thus, the internal impedance of each cell (En) can be estimated with high accuracy.
[ item 7]
An electrical storage system (1) is characterized by comprising:
a plurality of cells (E1-Em) connected in series; and
the management device (10) according to any one of
Thus, it is possible to construct an electric storage system (1) capable of measuring the ripple of each voltage of the plurality of cells (E1-Em) with a low-cost and small-scale circuit.
Description of the symbols
The power storage system comprises a
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