阅读说明：本技术 一种用于城市轨道交通的新型有螺栓扣件 (A novel have bolt fastener for urban rail transit ) 是由 辛杰 周华龙 刘锦辉 周昌盛 宋剑伟 钟文文 龙宏德 朱颖 周勇 柯铁峰 陈罄超 于 2020-06-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种用于城市轨道交通的新型有螺栓扣件,以有效减小钢轨倾覆及弹条的动态受力,提高钢轨稳定性,大幅度延长弹条疲劳使用寿命。包括铁垫板、弹条、轨下弹性垫板、T型螺栓、防松螺母、异型防飞平垫圈和绝缘阻尼轨距块；所述铁垫板由锚固螺栓安装固定在轨下基础上,板下弹性垫板设置于铁垫板底面之下,钢轨坐落在铁垫板上；所述绝缘阻尼轨距块位于钢轨轨底顶面及外侧；所述T型螺栓下端安装在铁垫板上,上部套装异型防飞平垫圈和防松螺母压紧弹条,弹条的前端作用于绝缘阻尼轨距块顶面上,后端作用铁垫板凸台上。(The utility model provides a novel have bolt fastener for urban rail transit to effectively reduce the dynamic atress that the rail topples and bullet strip, improve rail stability, prolong bullet strip fatigue life by a wide margin. The device comprises an iron backing plate, an elastic strip, an under-rail elastic backing plate, a T-shaped bolt, a locknut, a special-shaped anti-flying flat washer and an insulating damping gauge block; the iron base plate is fixedly arranged on the under-rail foundation by an anchoring bolt, the under-plate elastic base plate is arranged below the bottom surface of the iron base plate, and the steel rail is located on the iron base plate; the insulating damping gauge blocks are positioned on the top surface and the outer side of the rail bottom of the steel rail; the lower end of the T-shaped bolt is installed on the iron base plate, the special-shaped anti-flying flat washer and the locknut are sleeved on the upper portion of the T-shaped bolt to compress the elastic strip, the front end of the elastic strip acts on the top surface of the insulating damping gauge block, and the rear end of the elastic strip acts on a boss of the iron base plate.)

1. The utility model provides a novel there is bolt fastener for urban rail transit, characterized by: the device comprises an iron backing plate (1), an elastic strip (2), an under-rail elastic backing plate (6), a T-shaped bolt (3), a locknut (4), a special-shaped anti-flying flat washer (5) and an insulating damping gauge block (7); the iron base plate (1) is fixedly arranged on a rail foundation by an anchor bolt (9), the under-plate elastic base plate (14) is arranged below the bottom surface of the iron base plate (1), and the steel rail (20) is located on the iron base plate (1); the insulating damping gauge blocks (7) are positioned on the top surface and the outer side of the rail bottom of the steel rail (20); the lower end of the T-shaped bolt (3) is installed on the iron base plate (1), the elastic strip (2) is compressed by the special-shaped anti-flying flat washer (5) and the locknut (4) sleeved on the upper portion, the front end of the elastic strip (2) acts on the top surface of the insulating damping gauge block (7), and the rear end acts on a boss of the iron base plate (1).

2. The novel bolted fastener for urban rail transit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the special-shaped anti-flying flat washer is characterized in that the center of the special-shaped anti-flying flat washer (5) is provided with a mounting hole (53) which is provided with a middle groove structure (51) and used for allowing the upper end of the T-shaped bolt (3) to pass through, side groove structures (52) are arranged on two sides of the middle groove structure (51), the middle groove structure (51) forms restraint for the inner limb of the elastic strip (2), and the side groove structures (52) form restraint for the outer limb of the elastic strip (2).

3. The novel bolted fastener for urban rail transit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the insulating damping track gauge block (7) can be made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide and damping materials in a composite mode.

4. The novel bolted fastener for urban rail transit as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the elastic pad under the rail (6) and the elastic pad under the plate (14) are made of rubber and high damping materials in a compounding mode.

Technical Field

The invention relates to rail transit, in particular to a novel bolt fastener for urban rail transit.

Background

Rail fasteners are the main components of track structures and are important parts for joining rails to the undersized foundation. The primary functions of the fastener include: (1) keeping and adjusting the track gauge and the track direction; (2) longitudinal resistance is provided, and excessive broken joints are prevented when the steel rail climbs and is broken; (3) providing elasticity, reducing vibration and shock; (4) the rigidity of the track frame is increased, and track heave is prevented; (5) providing track insulation to ensure the normal work of a track circuit; (6) has certain steel rail height position adjusting capability.

According to the classification of the fixing mode of the elastic strips, the fasteners commonly used in domestic rail transit can be bolt fasteners and bolt-free fasteners. The bolt fastener is widely popular because the bolt fastener has stronger steel rail height position adjusting capability and can restore the fastening pressure through retightening after the fastening pressure of the elastic strip is attenuated, thereby greatly facilitating the maintenance operation of the track line.

The bolted fastener is usually composed of an elastic strip, an insulating gauge block, a rail lower backing plate, an iron backing plate lower backing plate, a T-shaped bolt, a nut, a flat washer, an anchoring bolt and a nylon sleeve. Bolted fasteners typically use less stiffness of the underrail pad to provide fastener resiliency.

The existing bolt fastener has the following defects:

firstly, the fastener with the bolt usually adopts smaller rigidity of the lower rail pad plate to provide elasticity for the fastener, and under the design, the lower rail pad plate generates relatively larger deformation under the action of train load, so that larger amplitude of the steel rail and the elastic strip is caused, and the dynamic stability of the steel rail is kept and the stress of the elastic strip is unfavorable;

secondly, the T-shaped bolt and nut are adopted by the bolt fastener to fasten the elastic strip, the nut is forced to vibrate along with the elastic strip under the action of train load, the anti-loose design is not considered in the traditional design, after the T-shaped bolt and nut are in service for a period of time, the T-shaped bolt and nut are easy to shake loose, the buckling loss and even failure of the elastic strip can be caused, and the stability of the steel rail is further influenced, so that the tightening force of the T-shaped bolt and nut needs to be regularly checked by a service maintenance department, and the maintenance workload is large;

and thirdly, the flying prevention function of the elastic strip is not considered, and the elastic strip of the fastener is likely to break and fly out under abnormal working conditions (such as overlarge vibration acceleration) to hit trains and trackside equipment pedestrians.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a novel bolt fastener for urban rail transit, so as to effectively reduce the overturning of a steel rail and the dynamic stress of an elastic strip, improve the stability of the steel rail and greatly prolong the fatigue service life of the elastic strip.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

the invention relates to a novel bolt fastener for urban rail transit, which is characterized in that: the device comprises an iron backing plate, an elastic strip, an under-rail elastic backing plate, a T-shaped bolt, a locknut, a special-shaped anti-flying flat washer and an insulating damping gauge block; the iron base plate is fixedly arranged on the under-rail foundation by an anchoring bolt, the under-plate elastic base plate is arranged below the bottom surface of the iron base plate, and the steel rail is located on the iron base plate; the insulating damping gauge blocks are positioned on the top surface and the outer side of the rail bottom of the steel rail; the lower end of the T-shaped bolt is installed on the iron base plate, the special-shaped anti-flying flat washer and the locknut are sleeved on the upper portion of the T-shaped bolt to compress the elastic strip, the front end of the elastic strip acts on the top surface of the insulating damping gauge block, and the rear end of the elastic strip acts on a boss of the iron base plate.

The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly embodied in the following aspects:

firstly, the traditional fastener usually adopts the design that the rigidity of the elastic backing plate under the rail is small to provide elasticity, the elastic backing plate under the rail generates relatively large deformation under the action of train load, and then larger steel rail overturn and elastic strip amplitude are caused, and the dynamic stability of the steel rail and the fatigue stress of the elastic strip are unfavorable (through design simulation analysis and calculation, under the traditional scheme, the dynamic stress amplitude of the elastic strip is 37.5MPa, and the single fatigue damage is 2.0 × 10^-14) (ii) a The invention adopts the design that the rigidity of the elastic base plate under the iron base plate is smaller to provide elasticity, the steel rail, the rail lower base plate, the elastic strip and the iron base plate can be considered as an integral structure to synchronously vibrate under the normal working state, the vibration amplitude of the steel rail and the elastic strip is low, and the deformation is small(through design simulation analysis and verification, under the invention scheme, the dynamic stress amplitude of the elastic strip is 24.5MPa, and the single fatigue damage is 1.4 × 10^-16The fatigue damage degree of the elastic strip can be reduced by 99.3 percent theoretically), the overturning of the steel rail and the dynamic stress of the elastic strip are effectively reduced, the stability of the steel rail is improved, and the fatigue service life of the elastic strip is prolonged by 14.3 times.

Secondly, the traditional bolt fastener adopts T-shaped bolt and nut to fix the elastic strip, the T-shaped bolt and nut is forced to vibrate along with the elastic strip under the action of train load, the T-shaped bolt and nut in the traditional design does not consider anti-loose design, after the T-shaped bolt and nut is in service for a period of time, the T-shaped bolt and nut are easy to shake loose, the buckling loss and even failure of the elastic strip can be caused, and the stability of the steel rail is further influenced, so that a department of industry needs to regularly check the T-shaped bolt tightening force, and the maintenance workload is large; the invention adopts the locknut design, increases the resistance of the nut in the loosening direction, and can realize the objective improvement effect of reducing the failure probability of the elastic strip buckle pressure.

The damping performance of the insulating gauge block and the elastic base plate in the traditional bolt fastener is determined by the damping characteristics of the materials, the effect is limited, the vibration attenuation transmitted to the fastener by the steel rail is slow, and the fastener elastic strip or the T-shaped bolt is easily damaged under abnormal working conditions (such as overlarge vibration acceleration), so that the operation, maintenance and repair workload is increased, and the driving safety is influenced; the invention absorbs the vibration energy transmitted to the steel rail by the steel rail in a mode of compounding the high-damping material on the insulating gauge block and the elastic base plate, prolongs the service life of the fastener part and improves the driving safety.

The traditional insulation track gauge block is made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide, and the damping parameter is about 20 kN.s/m; the insulating damping track gauge block is prepared by compounding glass fiber reinforced polyamide and damping materials, so that the traditional requirements of track gauge adjustment and insulation are met, the damping parameter can reach 40-50 kN.s/m, the damping performance is improved by about 150%, and the effect of better damping steel rail-elastic strip vibration strength is achieved. Through simulation and test, the adoption of the insulating damping track gauge block can reduce the vibration strength of the elastic strip by more than 15 percent, and effectively reduce the stress and fracture failure probability of the elastic strip.

The traditional elastic backing plate (including under-rail and under-plate) is made of rubber or polyester materials, and the damping parameter is about 25-35 kN.s/m; the elastic backing plate is made of rubber and a high-damping material in a compounding mode, and the damping parameter can reach 45-50 kN.s/m; the damping and vibration absorption performance of the base plate is obviously improved under the condition of ensuring that the elasticity of the base plate is not changed, and the effect of better damping vibration strength of the steel rail-elastic strip is achieved. Through simulation and test, the high-damping elastic base plate can reduce the vibration strength of the elastic strip by about 20 percent, and effectively reduce the stress and fracture failure probability of the elastic strip.

And fourthly, the flying prevention function of the elastic strip is not considered in the traditional bolt fastener, and the elastic strip of the fastener is likely to break and hit the train and the trackside equipment pedestrians after flying out under abnormal working conditions (such as overlarge vibration acceleration). The flat washer is improved into the special-shaped anti-flying flat washer, the middle of the special-shaped anti-flying flat washer is fixed between the locknut and the elastic strip, and the two limbs extend out to restrain the outer limbs of the elastic strip, so that the elastic strip can be prevented from being broken and flying out to cause secondary disasters such as striking trains, trackside equipment pedestrians and the like.

Fifthly, the conventional urban rail transit is poor in universal interchange type of the bolt fastener and the vibration reduction fastener, and except that the elastic strip and the T-shaped bolt can be universally interchanged, the rest of the fasteners cannot be universally interchanged. The structural style of the invention has strong adaptability to low rigidity under the plate, and under the condition that other parts are universal and unchangeable, the common fastener can be converted into the vibration damping fastener by only replacing the elastic base plate under the low rigidity plate, thereby realizing the universality and interchangeability with the vibration damping fastener to the maximum extent.

The adoption of the vibration reduction fastener to replace a common fastener is a conventional transformation scheme for improving the vibration reduction and noise reduction capacity of the existing line track, so as to face the conditions of line operation aging and vibration noise increase caused by the change of the surrounding environment of line laying. The traditional bolt fastener and the vibration-damping fastener have poor universality, the fastener needs to be integrally disassembled and replaced and remounted, the reconstruction process is multiple, the difficulty is high, the cost is high, the reduction of the operation efficiency during the operation is considered, and the reconstruction cost can reach 150 ten thousand yuan/km; the invention can realize the conversion from the common fastener to the vibration-damping fastener by replacing the elastic backing plate under the plate, the reconstruction cost is estimated to be 45 ten thousand yuan/km, and the reconstruction cost can be obviously reduced by 70 percent.

In addition, the universality of the all-wire fastener is improved, the standby parts of the fastener and the overhaul and maintenance standards are unified as much as possible in the operation and maintenance process, the overhaul and maintenance work of operation and maintenance personnel can be facilitated, and the operation and maintenance engineering quantity is reduced.

And sixthly, after the first measure and the third measure are adopted, the adaptive capacity of the fastener system is greatly improved. The actual and simulation analysis results of field operation show that the large vibration acceleration of the steel rail easily induces the elastic strip to break, and further causes the fastener to fail. Traditional II-type elastic strip fastener adaptation maximum 3000m/s²The vibration acceleration of the steel rail is effectively reduced by 30 percent by arranging the damping gauge block and the damping base plate, and the elastic strip can adapt to 3900m/s at most²Rail vibration acceleration.

Drawings

The specification includes the following figures:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the novel bolted fastener for urban rail transit of the present invention (with the right side in an elevated state);

FIG. 2 is a top view of the novel bolted fastener of the present invention for urban rail transit;

fig. 3 is a perspective view of a special-shaped anti-flying flat washer in the novel bolt fastener for urban rail transit of the invention.

The figures show the components and corresponding references: the steel rail anti-flying device comprises an iron base plate 1, elastic strips 2, T-shaped bolts 3, locknuts 4, special-shaped anti-flying plain washers 5, an under-rail elastic base plate 6, an insulating damping gauge block 7, an under-rail heightening base plate 8, anchoring bolts 9, spring washers 10, a gland 11, an insulating sleeve 12, a lower-layer iron base plate 13, an under-plate elastic base plate 14, an insulating buffer base plate 15, an under-plate heightening base plate 16, a nylon sleeve 17, a steel rail 20, a middle groove structure 51, a side groove structure 52 and mounting holes 53.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the novel bolt fastener for urban rail transit comprises an iron backing plate 1, an elastic strip 2, an under-rail elastic backing plate 6, a T-shaped bolt 3, a locknut 4, a special-shaped anti-flying flat washer 5 and an insulating gauge block 7. The iron base plate 1 is fixedly arranged on an under-rail foundation by the anchor bolts 9, the under-rail elastic base plate 6 is arranged under the bottom surface of the iron base plate 1, and the steel rail 20 is located on the iron base plate 1. The steel rail 20, the elastic base plate 6 under the steel rail, the elastic strips 2 and the iron base plate 1 can be considered as an integral structure to vibrate synchronously, the steel rail and the elastic strips are low in vibration amplitude and small in deformation, dynamic stress of the steel rail and the elastic strips is effectively reduced, stability of the steel rail is enhanced, and fracture failure probability of the elastic strips is reduced.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the insulating damping gauge blocks 7 are positioned on the top surface and the outer side of the rail bottom of the steel rail 20. The lower end of the T-shaped bolt 3 is installed on the iron base plate 1, the special-shaped anti-flying flat washer 5 and the locknut 4 are sleeved on the upper portion of the T-shaped bolt to compress the elastic strip 2, so that the front end of the elastic strip 2 acts on the top surface of the insulating damping gauge block 7, and the rear end acts on a boss of the iron base plate 1. The check nut 4 is arranged at the upper end of the T-shaped bolt 3, so that the resistance in the loosening direction of the nut is increased, the objective improvement effect of reducing the failure probability of the buckling pressure of the elastic strip can be realized, and the maintenance workload is reduced.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the center of the special-shaped anti-flying flat washer 5 is provided with a mounting hole 53 of a middle groove structure 51 for the upper end of the T-shaped bolt 3 to pass through, the two sides of the middle groove structure 51 are provided with side groove structures 52, the middle groove structure 51 forms a constraint for the inner limb of the elastic strip 2, and the side groove structures 52 form a constraint for the outer limb of the elastic strip 2, so that the objective improvement effect of preventing the elastic strip from breaking and flying out to cause secondary disasters such as train hitting and trackside equipment pedestrians can be realized.

The insulating damping track gauge block 7 can be made of glass fiber reinforced polyamide and damping materials in a composite mode, and has the effect of damping the vibration strength of the steel rail-elastic strip besides meeting the traditional requirements of track gauge adjustment and insulation. Through simulation and test, the adoption of the insulating damping track gauge block can reduce the vibration strength of the elastic strip by about 20 percent, and reduce the stress and fracture failure probability of the elastic strip.

The under-rail elastic pad 6 and the under-board elastic pad 14 can be made of rubber and high-damping materials in a compounding way, and not only can the traditional elastic requirements of the elastic pads be met, but also the effect of damping the vibration strength of the steel rail-elastic strip can be achieved. Through simulation and test, the adoption of the insulating damping track gauge block can reduce the vibration strength of the elastic strip by about 20 percent, and reduce the stress and fracture failure probability of the elastic strip. The interchange with the vibration damping fastener can be accomplished by adjusting only the stiffness of the under-plate resilient backing plate 14, while other components are common and unchanged.

The foregoing is illustrative of the principles of the present invention for a new bolted fastener for urban rail transit and is not intended to limit the invention to the exact construction and applications shown and described, and accordingly all modifications and equivalents that may be resorted to are intended to fall within the scope of the invention.