阅读说明：本技术 一种双向双速变速装置 (Bidirectional double-speed change gear ) 是由 李清宇 孙军 孙妍 李昔墨 杨勇 于 2020-07-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种双向双速变速装置,属于电动车领域,包括高速齿轮和低速齿轮,其间设置有自动离心装置,它包括花键套、碗状离心机构以及单向离合器,碗状离心机构包括内碗和外碗,内碗底套内周设有内螺旋花键啮合在花间套上,内碗底套上设置有高速棘齿,内碗碗边设置有低速棘齿,高速齿轮和低速齿轮上分别设置有棘齿对应的凹槽,外碗底套外周设置有带柄的环形阻尼弹簧,内碗和外碗的碗边分别固定有单向离合器的内圈或外圈,珠盖与内碗之间设置有多个甩珠,高速齿轮内侧设置有环形阵列弧形引导条,本装置可减少手动操作程序,增加运行档次,根据道路和负载选择运行速度,根据需要自动切换行驶速度。(A bidirectional double-speed variator for electric car is composed of high-speed gear, low-speed gear, automatic centrifugal unit consisting of spline sleeve, bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism consisting of internal and external bowls, internal spiral spline on bottom sleeve of internal bowl engaged with said spline sleeve, high-speed ratchet on bottom sleeve of internal bowl, low-speed ratchet on bowl edge of internal bowl, the recesses on high-speed gear and low-speed gear, annular damping spring with handle on bottom sleeve of external bowl, the inner and outer rings of one-way clutch, multiple throwing balls between ball cover and internal bowl, and the arc guide strips in high-speed gear, the running speed is automatically switched as required.)

1. The utility model provides a two-way double speed change gear, includes the power tooth, high-speed gear and the low-speed gear that set up on spiral clutching mechanism, the motor output shaft, high-speed gear and low-speed gear rotate to set up on the shift shaft, shift epaxial an organic whole is provided with shift output gear, its characterized in that: the number of the intermediate gears between the power teeth and the high-speed gear is odd number different from the number of the intermediate gears between the power teeth and the low-speed gear, the inner side surface of the high-speed gear opposite to the low-speed gear is provided with a circumferential inclined annular array arc guide strip, the gear shifting shaft between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear is provided with an automatic centrifugal device, the automatic centrifugal device comprises a spline sleeve, a bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism and a one-way clutch, the spline sleeve shaft is arranged on the gear shifting shaft, the outer periphery of the spline sleeve is provided with an external spiral spline, the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism comprises an inner bowl and an outer bowl which are overlapped together and provided with a pair of bottom sleeves, the inner periphery of the inner bowl bottom sleeve is provided with the internal spiral spline which is meshed on the spline sleeve, the inner bowl bottom sleeve is provided with high-speed ratchets towards the high-speed gear side, the edge of the inner bowl is axially provided with the low, the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve is provided with an annular damping spring with a handle, the radial position of the handle end of the annular damping spring is larger than the outer diameter of the annular array arc guide strip, the axial directions of the bowl edges of the inner bowl and the outer bowl are respectively fixed with an inner ring or an outer ring of the one-way clutch, the inner side of the bowl of the inner bowl is provided with a bead cover, a plurality of throwing beads are arranged between the bead cover and the inner bowl, the automatic centrifugal device enables the high-speed ratchet and the low-speed ratchet to move axially, after the movement, the ball covers are respectively meshed with the side grooves of the high-speed gear or the side grooves of the low-speed gear and are respectively connected with the side grooves of the low-speed gear, after the ball covers are meshed, forward rotation or reverse rotation is respectively carried.

2. The bidirectional two-speed transmission as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the inner sides of the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear which are opposite are respectively provided with an annular array bevel edge groove, the annular array bevel edge grooves are matched with high-speed ratchets and low-speed ratchets which are arranged on two sides of an automatic centrifugal device, the inclined directions of annular array arc guide strips arranged on the end surface of the inner side of the high-speed gear are consistent in the circumferential direction, the inclined angles of the high-speed ratchets and the low-speed ratchets are opposite, the high-speed ratchets are meshed with the annular array bevel edge grooves of the high-speed gear when rotating in the forward direction, the low-speed ratchets are meshed with the annular array bevel edge grooves of the low-speed gear when rotating in the reverse direction, the outer side of the low.

3. The bidirectional two-speed transmission as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the outer periphery of the gear shifting shaft is a linear external spline, a spline sleeve is matched with the linear external spline, the outer periphery of the spline sleeve is an external helical spline, an internal helical spline matched with the external helical spline is arranged on the inner periphery of the inner bowl bottom sleeve and is integrated with the inner bowl bottom sleeve, the axial length of the internal helical spline is smaller than that of the inner bowl bottom sleeve, a space for arranging an elastic spring is arranged in the inner bowl bottom sleeve, and a step is arranged between the space for arranging the elastic spring and the internal helical internal spline.

4. The bidirectional two-speed transmission as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the circumferential distance between the annular array arc-shaped guide strips is larger than or equal to the diameter of a handle part of a damping spring with a handle arranged in the automatic centrifugal device, and the circumferential inclination directions of the annular array arc-shaped guide strips are consistent.

5. The bidirectional two-speed transmission as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the annular diameter of the annular array bevel edge groove on the inner side of the high-speed gear is smaller than that of the annular array bevel edge groove on the inner side of the low-speed gear.

6. The bidirectional two-speed transmission as recited in claim 1, further comprising: an axial elastic spring is arranged between the high-speed gear and the inner step of the inner bowl bottom sleeve of the automatic centrifugal device, an annular damping spring is arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve, and the outer diameter of the annular damping spring is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip.

7. The bidirectional two-speed transmission as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the outer side of the low-speed gear is provided with an outer side annular array bevel edge groove corresponding to a ratchet on the spiral clutch mechanism, the spiral clutch mechanism is arranged on a shift shaft on the outer side of the low-speed gear through a spline, and the inclined direction of the outer side bevel edge of the outer side annular array bevel edge groove is in positive rotation meshing with the inclined direction of the bevel edge of the high-speed tooth groove of the annular array bevel edge groove on the high-speed gear.

8. The bidirectional two-speed transmission as recited in claim 1, further comprising: the diameter of a ring formed by the low-speed ratchets is larger than that of a ring formed by the high-speed ratchets, the ring formed by the low-speed ratchets is fixed in the axial direction of the inner side of the inner bowl, the diameter of the ring of the low-speed ratchets is smaller than that of the inner ring of the one-way clutch, and the bead covers are arranged on the inner periphery of the low-speed ratchets.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a speed change device, in particular to a bidirectional double-speed change device, and belongs to the field of electric vehicles.

Background

Because the electric motor car has big moment of torsion under low-speed running state, under high-speed running state, the characteristics that the moment of torsion is little, at specific operation in-process, can select different functioning speed according to road conditions or load size, for example: when the load is large or climbing, a low-speed running mode can be selected, so that large torque is obtained; the electric tricycle can select a high-speed driving mode under a platform road or a small load, so that the driving time is saved, the electric tricycle can only run on a flat road in the past and start to run in a hilly area or even can run on a mountain road due to different speeds which can meet the requirements of different roads or traction forces, a rapid transportation tool for going out of the mountain area is provided for residents in remote mountain areas, the switching between different speeds is realized until now, generally, a shifting fork is manually moved to change different running grades to obtain different speeds, however, as common people, the electric tricycle is complex to operate, the electric tricycle can be flexibly driven under a skilled condition, for old people and women, the unnecessary driving problems such as misoperation, violence and the like are frequently feared, and the manual gear shifting device has certain operation strangeness, even if the speed is not changed, the speed cannot be applied to a high load or a gradient road without changing the speed, and a problem needs to be overcome by technicians.

In the field of electric vehicle technology, a helical clutch engaging device of application No. 2020211876585 was previously reported, fig. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the helical clutch engaging device, fig. 9 is a schematic view of the side structure of the engaging gear, and fig. 10 is an exploded view of a helical clutch engaging mechanism provided on a shift shaft. The spiral clutch gear-shifting device comprises a power tooth 50, a power transmission mechanism is connected on the power tooth 50 and is rotationally connected with a low-speed gear 41, the low-speed gear 41 is circumferentially and slidably arranged on a gear-shifting shaft 54, a gear-shifting external spline 51a is arranged on the periphery of the gear-shifting shaft 54, an outer annular array bevel edge groove 44 and a low-speed deflector rod 43 are arranged on the side surface of the low-speed gear 41, the outer bevel edge 45 of the outer annular array bevel edge groove 44 is circumferentially inclined, a spiral clutch mechanism 42 is arranged on the gear-shifting shaft 54 on the side of the low-speed gear 41, a gear-shifting spline sleeve 51, a gear-shifting spiral spline sleeve 124 and a gear-shifting annular damping spring 121 with a ring handle 121a are sequentially arranged on the outer periphery of the spiral clutch mechanism 42 from the gear-shifting shaft 54, a gear-shifting ratchet 124a is arranged on one side of the low-speed gear 41, the gear-shifting ratchet 124a and the outer annular array bevel edge groove 44 are oppositely arranged and mutually matched, when the low-speed gear 41 rotates, the low-speed shift lever 43 rotates the ring handle 121a, and the shift output teeth 53 are fixedly connected to the shift shaft.

In this embodiment, the power transmission mechanism includes a dual coupling 40, a first dual gear 40a and a second dual gear 40b are fixedly connected to the dual coupling 40, the second dual gear 40b is engaged with a low-speed gear 41b, and the first dual gear 40a is provided with another gear engaged therewith by using the principles of the present invention.

In addition, in the power transmission mechanism, the same means as the screw clutch mechanism 42 may be provided symmetrically on the shift shaft 54 on the opposite side of the low-speed gear 41b with the vertical center of the outer periphery of the low-speed gear 41b as the axis of symmetry, and the same symmetrical engaging ratchet 124a may be used to interlock with the low-speed gear 41b along the shift shaft 54 to achieve the object of the power transmission mechanism.

The inner periphery of the gear engaging spline housing 51 is a gear engaging internal spline 51b, the outer periphery of the spline housing 51 is an external spiral spline housing 127, the gear engaging spiral spline housing 124 is engaged with the outer periphery of the spline housing 51, the inner periphery of the gear engaging spiral spline housing 124 is an internal gear engaging spiral spline 126, the outer periphery is a smooth structure, the outer periphery of the gear engaging spiral spline housing 124 is a gear engaging one-way clutch 56, a gear engaging outer ring 122 of the gear engaging one-way clutch 56 is provided with an annular damping spring groove, a gear engaging annular damping spring 121 with a ring handle 121a is arranged in the gear engaging annular damping spring groove, 125 is a gear engaging ball, and a gear engaging outer ring retaining ring 130 is arranged on the outer side of the gear engaging outer ring 122.

The angle of inclination of the shift ratchet teeth 124a is consistent with the angle of inclination of the outboard hypotenuse 45 of the outboard circular array hypotenuse groove 44, the number of shift ratchet teeth 124a is consistent with the number of outboard circular array hypotenuse grooves 44, and the area of the end of the shift ratchet teeth 124a is less than or equal to the bottom area of the outboard circular array hypotenuse groove 44.

The locking rotation direction between the outer ring 122 and the inner ring 123 of the one-way clutch 46 is the same as the gear rotation direction.

The gear inner ring 123 is fixedly connected to the periphery of the gear helical spline housing 124, so that the gear inner ring 123 and the gear helical spline housing 124 form an integral structure. In addition, the gear inner ring 123 and the gear spiral spline sleeve 124 can be matched with each other by interference fit, and the bearing inner ring and the shaft are matched together.

The shift rotation direction of the shift helical spline housing 124 is a rotation direction moving toward the low-speed gear 41b, and the shift rotation direction of the shift helical spline housing 124 coincides with the lock rotation direction of the shift one-way clutch 46 and the shift rotation direction of the low-speed gear 41 b.

The structure that the ratchet teeth and the array type annular grooves are meshed together to realize low-speed backward only when the reverse rotation is carried out originally is realized, the structure which is originally in a sliding condition in the forward rotation can be locked between the outer ring and the inner ring of the gear engaging one-way clutch 46 in the forward rotation condition by utilizing the spiral clutch gear engaging device under the action of the outer peripheral gear engaging one-way clutch 46, namely, the gear engaging spiral spline sleeve 124 which cannot rotate originally can be rotated in the forward rotation condition, the gear engaging ratchet teeth 124a and the outer annular array bevel edge grooves 44 are meshed together to realize low-speed forward in the forward state, the structure which can only advance on the high-speed gear side originally is changed into the forward direction low-speed forward in the forward rotation of the low-speed gear, and the driving grade of the electric vehicle is widened by utilizing the device.

One of the problems of how to change the motor speed in an automatic condition to switch between a plurality of levels is currently.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a bidirectional double-speed change device, aiming at solving the problem that the speed of a motor is changed to realize the switching among a plurality of grades under the actual condition that old people and women have certain conflict emotion to gear-shifting operation, and aims to reduce manual operation procedures, increase operation grades, select operation speed according to roads and loads and automatically switch driving speed according to requirements.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a bidirectional double-speed change device comprises a spiral clutch mechanism, power teeth, a high-speed gear and a low-speed gear, wherein the power teeth, the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are arranged on a gear change shaft in a rotating mode, the gear change shaft is integrally provided with a gear change output gear, the number of intermediate gears between the power teeth and the high-speed gear is odd number of the differences of the number of the intermediate gears between the power teeth and the low-speed gear, the inner side face of the high-speed gear opposite to the low-speed gear is provided with a circumferential inclined annular array arc guide strip, an automatic centrifugal device is arranged on the gear change shaft between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear and comprises a spline housing, a bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism and a one-way clutch, the spline housing is arranged on the gear change shaft, an external spiral spline is arranged on the periphery of the spline housing, the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism comprises an inner bowl and an outer bowl which are, the inner periphery of the inner bowl bottom sleeve is provided with an inner spiral spline which is meshed on the inter-flower sleeve, the inner bowl bottom sleeve is provided with a high-speed ratchet towards the high-speed gear, the edge of the inner bowl is axially provided with a low-speed ratchet, the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are respectively provided with a groove corresponding to the ratchet, the outer periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve is provided with an annular damping spring with a handle, the radial position of the handle end of the annular damping spring is larger than the outer diameter of the annular array arc guide strip, the bowl edges of the inner bowl and the outer bowl are respectively and axially fixed with an inner ring or an outer ring of a one-way clutch, the inner bowl side of the inner bowl is provided with a bead cover, a plurality of throwing beads are arranged between the bead cover and the inner bowl, an automatic centrifugal device enables the high-speed ratchet and the low-speed ratchet to axially move and then respectively meshed with a high-speed gear side groove or a low-speed gear side groove after moving, a differential input gear is meshed on the gear shifting output gear;

further, the inner sides of the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear which are opposite are respectively provided with an annular array bevel edge groove, the annular array bevel edge grooves are matched with the high-speed ratchets and the low-speed ratchets which are arranged at two sides of the automatic centrifugal device, the inclined directions of the annular array arc-shaped guide strips arranged on the end surface of the inner side of the high-speed gear are consistent in the circumferential direction, the inclined angles of the high-speed ratchets and the low-speed ratchets are opposite, the high-speed ratchets are meshed with the annular array bevel edge grooves of the high-speed gear when rotating in the forward direction, the low-speed ratchets are meshed with the annular array bevel edge grooves of the low-speed gear when rotating in the reverse direction, the outer;

furthermore, the outer periphery of the shift shaft is a linear external spline, a spline sleeve is matched with the linear external spline, the outer periphery of the spline sleeve is an external helical spline, an internal helical spline matched with the external helical spline is arranged on the inner periphery of the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl and is integrated with the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl, the axial length of the internal helical spline is smaller than that of the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl, a space for arranging an elastic spring is arranged in the bottom sleeve of the inner bowl, and a step is arranged between the space of the elastic spring and the internal helical spline;

further, the circumferential distance between the annular array arc-shaped guide strips is more than or equal to the diameter of a handle part of a damping spring with a handle arranged in the automatic centrifugal device, and the circumferential inclination directions of the annular array arc-shaped guide strips are consistent;

further, the annular diameter of the annular array bevel edge groove on the inner side of the high-speed gear is smaller than that of the annular array bevel edge groove on the inner side of the low-speed gear;

further, an axial elastic spring is arranged between the high-speed gear and an inner step of an inner bowl bottom sleeve of the automatic centrifugal device, an annular damping spring is arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve, and the outer diameter of the annular damping spring is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip;

furthermore, an outer annular array bevel edge groove corresponding to the ratchet on the spiral clutch mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the low-speed gear, the spiral clutch mechanism is arranged on a shift shaft on the outer side of the low-speed gear through a spline, and the inclination direction of the outer bevel edge of the outer annular array bevel edge groove is consistent with the inclination direction of the bevel edge of the high-speed tooth groove of the annular array bevel edge groove on the high-speed gear and is in positive rotation meshing;

furthermore, the diameter of a ring formed by the low-speed ratchets is larger than that of a ring formed by the high-speed ratchets, the ring formed by the low-speed ratchets is fixed in the axial direction of the inner side of the inner bowl, the diameter of the ring of the low-speed ratchets is smaller than that of the inner ring of the one-way clutch, and the bead covers are arranged on the inner periphery of the low-speed ratchets.

The invention has the following positive effects: the difference quantity between the quantity of the intermediate gears arranged between the power teeth and the high-speed gear and the quantity of the intermediate gears arranged between the power teeth and the low-speed gear is odd, the inclination directions of the annular array bevel edge grooves arranged on the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear are opposite, and the high-speed ratchet and the low-speed ratchet are also opposite, so that the forward meshing and the reverse meshing between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear and between the high-speed ratchet and the low-speed ratchet can be ensured, the forward high-speed rotation and the reverse low-speed rotation are realized, and the forward and the backward movement of the vehicle are realized; the annular array arc guide strips which are inclined in the circumferential direction are arranged on the end face of the inner side of the high-speed gear opposite to the low-speed gear, so that the annular array arc guide strips can guide the handle part of the annular damping spring arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve to enter the interval of the arc guide strips in the circumferential direction along the inclined edge of the handle part and be in a standby state when the high-speed gear rotates in the reverse direction, and a motor can rotate in the forward direction conveniently, and a high-speed ratchet enters the annular array inclined edge groove arranged on the inner side of the high-speed gear under the driving of a spiral spline in an automatic centrifugal device, so that the high-; the centrifugal force generated by the change of the speed of the ball throwing in the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism can move along the radial direction by the speed change of the automatic centrifugal device arranged between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear, when the bowl is reversely rotated at a high speed, the ball throwing is thrown to one side of the bowl edge of the inner bowl, because the gap between the bowl cover and the inner bowl is the axis and the bowl edge is wide and the side is narrow, and the bowl edge side is smaller than the diameter of the ball throwing, the ball throwing can extrude the inner bowl and the outer bowl to one side of the high-speed gear, the inner bowl drives the outer bowl and the bottom sleeve thereof to move to one side of the high-speed gear along the axial direction, the bottom sleeve of the outer bowl and the annular damping spring arranged at the periphery thereof rotate along the circumferential direction, meanwhile, the handle part of the annular damping spring gradually moves along the bevel edge of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip in the rotation process and slides to the arc-, the gear can not rotate synchronously with the high-speed gear, and meanwhile, impact can not be brought due to the reverse action of the elastic spring; under this situation, when the motor switches forward rotation, the automatic centrifugal device moves to one side of the high-speed gear under the driving of the spiral spline, the high-speed gear and the high-speed ratchet can be meshed to rotate together under the forward state, and the inner bowl is driven by the high-speed ratchet to drive the spiral spline sleeve, the gear shifting shaft and the gear shifting output teeth to synchronously rotate under the locking state because the one-way clutch locks between the inner ring and the outer ring under the forward rotation, namely, the synchronous forward high-speed rotation is realized.

Conversely, when the speed is reduced, the throwing bead rolls to the axial center side along the inner bowl, and in this case, a high-speed switching task is completed. When the motor rotates reversely, the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism and the automatic centrifugal device including the one-way clutch are moved to one side of the low-speed gear by the aid of the splines and the spiral splines, and the side face of the low-speed gear is meshed with the low-speed ratchet to implement low-speed reverse rotation.

If no spiral clutch mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the low-speed gear, the low-speed gear can only drive the low-speed ratchet to implement reverse low-speed rotation when the low-speed gear rotates reversely, and forward low-speed rotation cannot be achieved.

From the above, it can be known that low-speed and high-speed rotation can be realized under forward rotation, unidirectional rotation can be realized under reverse rotation, and automatic switching between high and low speeds can be realized by using the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism in the switching process of high and low speeds.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention 1.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention 2.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a bowl-shaped centrifuge mechanism in an automatic centrifuge device, shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a bowl-shaped centrifuge mechanism in an automatic centrifuge device, shown in FIG. 2.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an automatic centrifuge.

FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic view of the automatic centrifuge.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a one-way clutch arrangement between an inner bowl and an outer bowl.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the helical clutch engaging device.

Fig. 9 is an outer side view of the shift gear.

Fig. 10 is an exploded view of a screw clutch mechanism provided on the shift shaft.

Description of reference numerals: the gear shifting mechanism comprises an annular array arc guide strip 11, a spacing 11a, an annular damping spring 12, a handle 12a, an elastic spring 13, an outer bowl 14, an outer ring 15, an external thread spline 16, an inner bowl 17, an inner ring 18, a bead cover 19, a throwing bead 20, a low-speed gear annular array bevel groove 21, a low-speed gear groove bevel 22, a high-speed gear annular array bevel groove 23, a high-speed gear groove bevel 24, a high-speed ratchet 25, a low-speed ratchet 26, an external spline 27, a step 28, a notch 29, a clutch bead 30, a clutch spring 31, an outer bowl bottom sleeve 32, an inner bottom sleeve 33, a double coupling shaft 40, a double input tooth 40a, a double coupling output tooth 40b, a high-speed gear 41a, a low-speed gear 41b, a spiral clutch mechanism 42, a low-speed deflector rod 43, an outer annular array bevel groove 44, an outer bevel 45, a transition shaft 47, a transition gear 48, a power spline tooth 50, a gear shifting spline sleeve 51a gear outer gear 51a and a shifting inner gear, The gear shifting output teeth 53, the gear shifting shaft 54, the differential input teeth 55, the gear annular damping spring 121, the ring handle 121a, the gear outer ring 122, the gear inner ring 123, the gear spiral spline sleeve 124, the gear ratchet 124a, the gear ball 125, the internal gear spiral spline 126, the external gear spiral spline 127 and the gear outer ring 130.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the forward direction is understood as a forward direction and the reverse direction is understood as a reverse direction, the forward direction is switchable between two speeds (high speed and low speed), the reverse direction has only one low speed, the high speed is powered by the high speed gear side and the low speed is powered by the low speed gear side.

The technical scheme of the invention is a bidirectional two-speed change device, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure diagram 1 of the invention, fig. 2 is a schematic overall structure diagram 2 of the invention, fig. 3 is a sectional view 1 of a bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism in an automatic centrifugal device, and fig. 4 is a sectional view 2 of the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism in the automatic centrifugal device. The bidirectional double-speed change device comprises a spiral clutch mechanism 42, a power tooth 50 arranged on an output shaft of a motor, a high-speed gear 41a and a low-speed gear 41b, wherein the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b are rotationally arranged on a shift shaft 54, the shift shaft 54 is integrally provided with a shift output gear 53, the number of intermediate gears arranged between the power tooth 50 and the high-speed gear 41a is different from the number of intermediate gears arranged between the power tooth 50 and the low-speed gear 41b by odd number, the inner side surface of the high-speed gear 41a opposite to the low-speed gear 41b is provided with a circumferential inclined annular array arc guide strip 11, an automatic centrifugal device is arranged on the shift shaft 54 between the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b and comprises a flower chamber sleeve, a bowl-shaped mechanism and a one-way clutch, the bowl-shaped mechanism comprises an inner bowl 17 and an outer bowl 14 which are overlapped together, an inner spiral spline is arranged on the inner periphery of the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33, a high-speed ratchet 25 is arranged on the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33 facing to the high-speed gear 41a, a low-speed ratchet 26 is arranged on the bowl edge of the inner bowl 17 facing to the axial direction of the low-speed gear 41b, corresponding grooves are respectively arranged on the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b, an annular damping spring 12 with a handle is arranged on the outer periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve 32, the radial position of the handle end of the annular damping spring 12 is larger than the outer diameter of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip 11, an inner ring 18 or an outer ring 15 of a one-way clutch is respectively fixed on the bowl edge of the inner bowl 17 and the axial direction of one side of the low-speed gear 41b of the outer bowl 14, a bead cover 19 is arranged on the inner bowl inner side of the inner bowl 17, a plurality of throwing beads 20 are arranged between the bead cover 19 and the inner bowl 17, the automatic centrifugal device enables the high-speed ratchet 25 and the low-, after meshing, the gear shift device rotates in the forward or reverse direction, a helical clutch mechanism 42 is provided on the shift shaft outside the low-speed gear 41b, and a differential input gear 55 is meshed with a gear of a shift output gear 53.

In this embodiment, the power teeth 50 are engaged with the transition gear 48, the transition gear 48 is fixedly connected to the transition shaft 47, the transition gear 48 is simultaneously engaged and outputs power to the high-speed gear 41a and the duplex input teeth 40a fixed to the duplex shaft 40, the duplex output teeth 40b are simultaneously fixedly connected to the duplex shaft 40, and the duplex output teeth 40b are engaged with the low-speed gear 41 b. In practical applications, forward rotation is defined as the forward direction of the vehicle, and reverse rotation is defined as the reverse direction of the vehicle.

The high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b need to transmit power to a shift shaft 54, finally to a shift output tooth 53, and then to a differential, which has half shafts at both ends to rotate wheels.

The rotation of the wheels at different speeds is achieved from the high-speed gear 41a or the low-speed gear 41b through an automatic centrifugal device provided in the middle.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an automatic centrifuge. The one-way clutch comprises an outer ring 15 and an inner ring 18, wherein the outer ring 15 is connected to the side, facing the low-speed gear 41b, of the outer bowl 14, the inner ring 18 is connected to the side, facing the low-speed gear 41b, of the inner bowl 17, a plurality of triangular notches 29 are formed in the inner ring 18, clutch balls 30 are arranged in the notches 29, clutch springs 31 are arranged behind the clutch balls, the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 15 are in a locked state when the one-way clutch rotates in the forward direction, the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 15 rotate simultaneously, the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 15 are in a free state when the one-way clutch rotates in.

The opposite inner sides of the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b are respectively provided with a high-speed gear annular array bevel edge groove 23 and a low-speed gear annular array bevel edge groove 21, the high-speed gear annular array bevel edge groove 23, the low-speed gear annular array bevel edge groove 21 and high-speed ratchets 25 and low-speed ratchets 26 arranged at two sides of the automatic centrifugal device are matched, the inclined directions of a plurality of annular array arc-shaped guide strips 11 arranged on the end surface of the inner side of the high-speed gear 41a are consistent in the circumferential direction, the inclined angles of the high-speed ratchets 25 and the low-speed ratchets 26 are opposite, the high-speed ratchets 25 are meshed with the high-speed gear annular array bevel edge groove 23 when rotating in the forward direction; the low-speed ratchet 26 is meshed with the low-speed gear annular array bevel edge groove 21 in the reverse rotation process, the outer inclination angle of the low-speed ratchet 26 is consistent with the angle of the high-speed tooth groove bevel edge 22, the low-speed poking rod 43 and the outer annular array bevel edge groove 44 are arranged on the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b, the low-speed gear 41b is linked with the spiral clutch mechanism 42 through the low-speed poking rod 43 and the outer annular array bevel edge groove 44, and the low-speed forward rotation can be achieved.

FIG. 6 is an exploded schematic view of an automatic centrifuge. The shift shaft 54 is provided with a spline housing through an external spline 27 arranged on the outer periphery, the inner periphery of the spline housing is a linear internal spline, the outer periphery of the shift shaft is provided with an internal helical spline through an external helical spline 16 arranged on the outer periphery, the internal helical spline is integrally arranged on the inner periphery of the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33, the axial length of the helical internal spline is smaller than that of the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33, a step 28 is arranged between the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33 and the helical internal spline, one end of the elastic spring 13 is arranged on the step 28 of the inner bowl bottom sleeve 33, and the other end of the elastic spring 13 is axially contacted with the high-speed gear.

The circumferential distance 11a between the annular array arc-shaped guide strips 11 is larger than or equal to the diameter of a handle part 12a of a damping spring with a handle arranged in the automatic centrifugal device, and the inclination directions of the plurality of annular array arc-shaped guide strips 11 in the circumferential direction are consistent.

The annular diameter of the high-speed-tooth annular-array bevel groove 23 inside the high-speed gear 41a is smaller than the annular diameter of the low-speed-tooth annular-array bevel groove 21 inside the low-speed gear 41 b.

An axial elastic spring 13 is arranged between the high-speed gear 41a and the step 28 in the bowl bottom sleeve 33 in the automatic centrifugal device, an annular damping spring 12 is arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve 32, and the outer diameter of the annular damping spring 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular array arc-shaped guide strip 11.

An outer annular array bevel edge groove 44 corresponding to a ratchet on the screw clutch mechanism is arranged on the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b, the screw clutch mechanism 42 is arranged on a shift shaft 54 on the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b through a spline, and the inclination direction of an outer bevel edge 45 of the outer annular array bevel edge groove 44 is consistent with the inclination direction of a high-speed tooth annular array bevel edge groove bevel edge 24 of the high-speed gear 41a and can be meshed during positive rotation.

In the automatic centrifugal device, the shift shaft 54 is provided with a linear external spline 27, the linear external spline 27 is provided with an inter-spline housing, the inner periphery of the inter-spline housing is a linear internal spline, the outer periphery of the spline housing is provided with an external helical spline 16, the external helical spline 16 is engaged with an internal helical spline arranged on the inner periphery of the internal bowl bottom housing 33, the internal helical spline and the internal bowl bottom housing 33 are of an integral structure, but one part of the internal bowl bottom housing 33 is the internal helical spline, the other part is used for arranging a space at one end of the elastic spring 13, a step 28 is arranged between the space of the elastic spring 13 and the internal helical spline, and the inner diameter of the space is larger than the inner diameter of the internal helical spline.

The diameter of the ring formed by the low-speed ratchets 26 is larger than that of the ring formed by the high-speed ratchets 25, the ring formed by the low-speed ratchets 26 is fixed in the axial direction toward the inner side of the inner bowl 17 of the low-speed gear 41b, the diameter of the ring formed by the low-speed ratchets 26 is smaller than that of the inner ring 18 of the one-way clutch, the bead cover 19 is arranged on the inner periphery of the low-speed ratchets 26, and the diameter of the ring formed by the low-speed ratchet.

The quantity of the intermediate gears between the power teeth 50 and the high-speed gear 41a is different from the quantity of the intermediate gears between the power teeth 50 and the low-speed gear 41b by odd number, the bevel edge of the bevel edge groove 23 of the ring-shaped array of high-speed teeth arranged on the high-speed gear 41a is opposite to the bevel edge of the bevel edge groove 21 of the ring-shaped array of low-speed teeth arranged on the low-speed gear 41b in bevel edge inclination direction, and the high-speed ratchet 25 is opposite to the low-speed ratchet 26, so that the forward meshing and the reverse meshing between the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b and the high-speed ratchet 25 and the low-speed ratchet 26 can be ensured, the forward high-speed rotation and the reverse low-speed rotation are realized, and the forward and backward; the annular array arc-shaped guide strips 11 which are inclined in the circumferential direction are arranged on the end face of the inner side of the high-speed gear 41a opposite to the low-speed gear 41b, so that when the speed change device rotates in the reverse direction, the annular array arc-shaped guide strips 11 guide the handle parts 12a of the annular damping springs 12 arranged on the periphery of the outer bowl bottom sleeve 32 to enter the interval 11a of the arc-shaped guide strips in the circumferential direction along the inclined edges and be in a standby state, and the speed change device is favorable for enabling the high-speed ratchet teeth 25 to enter the annular array inclined edge grooves arranged on the inner side of the high-speed gear 41a under the driving of the spiral spline in the automatic centrifugal device when rotating in the forward direction, so; the centrifugal force generated by the centrifugal bead 20 in the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism through the speed change of the motor can be moved along the radial direction by arranging the automatic centrifugal device between the high-speed gear 41a and the low-speed gear 41b, when the speed is reversed and the speed is high, the centrifugal bead 20 is thrown to one side of the bowl edge of the inner bowl 17, because the gap between the bowl cover and the inner bowl 17 is the axle center wide and the bowl edge side is narrow, and the gap of the bowl edge side is smaller than the diameter of the centrifugal bead 20, the centrifugal bead 20 can extrude the inner bowl 17 and the outer bowl 14 to one side of the high-speed gear 41a, so that the inner bowl 17 drives the outer bowl 14 and the bottom sleeve thereof to move to one side of the high-speed gear 41a along the axial direction, the outer bowl bottom sleeve 32 and the annular damping spring 12 arranged on the outer periphery thereof rotate along the circumferential direction of the helical spline, meanwhile, the handle part 12a of the annular damping spring 12 gradually moves along the inclined edge of the annular array arc-, because the compression elastic spring 13 is arranged, the movement does not bring impact, and at the moment, because the reverse rotation is adopted, the high-speed ratchet 25 is not meshed with the high-speed gear 41a and cannot synchronously rotate with the high-speed gear 41 a; under the condition, when the motor switches to the forward rotation, the automatic centrifugal device is driven by the spiral spline to move to one side of the high-speed gear 41a, the high-speed gear 41a and the high-speed ratchet 25 can be meshed to rotate together in the forward state, and the one-way clutch locks between the inner ring 18 and the outer ring 15 under the forward rotation, so that the inner bowl 17 is driven by the high-speed ratchet 25, and the spiral spline sleeve, the shifting shaft 54 and the shifting output teeth 53 are sequentially driven to synchronously rotate in the locking state, namely, the synchronous forward high-speed rotation is realized.

Conversely, when the speed is reduced, the slinger 20 rolls toward the axial center side along the inner bowl 17, and in this case, the high-speed switching task is completed. When the motor rotates reversely, the automatic centrifugal device including the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism and the one-way clutch is moved to one side of the low-speed gear 41b by using the spline and the helical spline, and the low-speed gear 41b is engaged with the low-speed ratchet 26 by the low-speed gear ring-shaped whole row of the bevel edge grooves 21 arranged on the side surface of the low-speed gear 41b, so that the low-speed reverse rotation is implemented.

If the spiral clutch mechanism 42 is not provided on the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b, the low-speed gear 41b can only drive the low-speed ratchet 26 to perform reverse low-speed rotation during reverse rotation, and cannot perform forward low-speed rotation, as described in the background art, after the spiral clutch mechanism 42 is provided, the low-speed ratchet 26 is close to one side of the low-speed gear 41b, as long as the motor is rotating in the forward direction, the low-speed dial rod 43 on the outer side of the low-speed gear 41b dials the engaging outer ring 15 of the engaging one-way clutch provided by the spiral clutch mechanism 42, so as to lock the engaging one-way clutch, so that the low-speed gear 41b is driven by the engaging ratchet to drive engaging spiral splines and splines inside the spiral clutch mechanism 42 via the engaging one-way clutch, and transmit power to the shift shaft 54, and the power is output from the shift output gear 53 to perform low-speed rotation under the forward rotation condition.

From the above, it can be known that low-speed and high-speed rotation can be realized under forward rotation, unidirectional rotation can be realized under reverse rotation, and automatic switching between high and low speeds can be realized by using the bowl-shaped centrifugal mechanism in the switching process of high and low speeds.

Although the present embodiment uses a slinger bead in the automatic centrifugal device, according to this principle, the above-described operation can be achieved by using a slinger or the like, and finally, the interlocking between the high-speed ratchet and the high-speed gear and the interlocking between the low-speed ratchet and the low-speed gear can be achieved.