阅读说明：本技术 一种利用酒糟生产设施酸化土壤改良剂的方法和应用 (Method for acidifying soil conditioner by using vinasse production facility and application ) 是由 马建 陈欣 于 2020-06-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种利用酒糟生产设施酸化土壤改良剂的方法和应用,属于农业固体废物资源化利用与土壤修复技术领域,包括:将酒糟与水混合、调节pH值,得到调节酒糟；将调节酒糟与酸性蛋白酶混合,在45～50℃下搅拌反应22～26h,得到蛋白酶催化物；调节蛋白酶催化物的pH值,与纤维素酶混合,在40～45℃下搅拌反应34～38h,得到纤维素酶催化物；将纤维素酶催化物过滤,得到滤液,将所述滤液与氧化镁混合,再与含钙物质混合、反应后,得到反应物,将所述反应物与山梨酸钾、蔗糖混合,得到设施酸化土壤改良剂。采用本发明提供的方法制备得到的设施酸化土壤改良剂不仅提高了酸性土壤的pH值,还提高了播种植物的出芽率。(The invention provides a method for acidifying soil conditioner by using a vinasse production facility and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of agricultural solid waste resource utilization and soil remediation, and comprising the steps of mixing vinasse with water, and adjusting the pH value to obtain adjusted vinasse; mixing the adjusted vinasse with acid protease, and stirring and reacting for 22-26 h at 45-50 ℃ to obtain a protease catalytic substance; adjusting the pH value of the protease catalytic substance, mixing the protease catalytic substance with cellulase, and stirring and reacting at 40-45 ℃ for 34-38 hours to obtain a cellulase catalytic substance; filtering the cellulase catalytic substance to obtain a filtrate, mixing the filtrate with magnesium oxide, mixing with a calcium-containing substance, reacting to obtain a reactant, and mixing the reactant with potassium sorbate and sucrose to obtain the facility acidification soil conditioner. The facility acidized soil conditioner prepared by the method provided by the invention not only improves the pH value of the acid soil, but also improves the germination rate of the sowed plants.)

1. A method for acidifying soil conditioner by using a vinasse production facility is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) mixing the vinasse with water, and adjusting the pH value to 4-4.2 to obtain adjusted vinasse;

2) mixing the adjusted vinasse obtained in the step 1) with acid protease, and stirring and reacting at 45-50 ℃ for 22-26 h to obtain a protease catalytic substance;

3) adjusting the pH value of the protease catalytic substance in the step 2) to 4.6-4.8, mixing the protease catalytic substance with cellulase, and stirring and reacting at 40-45 ℃ for 34-38 hours to obtain a cellulase catalytic substance;

4) filtering the cellulase catalytic substance obtained in the step 3) to obtain a filtrate, mixing the filtrate with magnesium oxide, mixing with a calcium-containing substance, reacting to obtain a reactant, and mixing the reactant with potassium sorbate and sucrose to obtain the facility acidification soil conditioner.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the vinasse to the water in the step 1) is 1: 3-5.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grain size of the distiller's grains is 0.3-0.5 mm.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acid protease in the step 2) is added in an amount of 0.1-0.2% of the dry matter of the distiller's grains per ten thousand enzyme activity units.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cellulase in step 3) is added in an amount of 0.2-0.5% of the dry matter mass of the added reactant per ten thousand units of the activity of the cellulase.

6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the magnesium oxide in the filtrate in the step 4) is 0.2-0.4 g/L.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the calcium-containing material comprises calcium oxide and/or calcium carbonate;

the addition amount of the calcium-containing substance is 25-40% of the mass of the filtrate.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potassium sorbate in step 4) accounts for 0.3 to 0.5% by volume of the reactant.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the sucrose in the step 4) accounts for 0.1-0.3% of the mass of the reactants.

10. Use of the facility acidified soil conditioner prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9 for increasing the germination rate of plants.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural solid waste resource utilization and soil remediation, and particularly relates to a method for acidifying a soil conditioner by using a vinasse production facility and application of the soil conditioner.

Background

Facility agriculture becomes a main planting mode for producing vegetables in China, is influenced by a high-strength continuous planting mode of facility agriculture, and in areas with poor soil buffer capacity, the soil (0-40cm) on the surface layer of a facility can generally show an obvious acidification phenomenon after continuous planting for more than 4-5 years, so that the plant is not beneficial to crop growth. The main reasons are that in order to maintain high yield in the facility agriculture production process, a large amount of organic fertilizer and excessive nitrogen fertilizer are put in, so that excessive organic matters and nitrogen are continuously accumulated in soil, and under the background of high multiple cropping index of the facility agriculture, the soil organic matter mineralization and nitrogen circulation can accelerate the soil acidification process. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: organic matter will react with Ca in the soil⁺And Mg⁺Isonon-acidic cations form water-soluble complexes, dissolved Ca⁺、Mg⁺The leaching loss of alkaline cations is easy; meanwhile, a large amount of acidic groups in the organic matter can dissociate out H⁺So that a large number of negative charge sites exist on organic molecules, and organic matters have high Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC); the ammonia nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium sulfate, urea, etc.) has good fertilizer efficiency, is a nitrogen fertilizer which is used in facility agriculture production, and NH which is not absorbed by plants in case of excessive application₄ ⁺Can generate NO under the action of microbial oxidation of soil₃ ^-One NH in the nitration process₄ ⁺Will generate two H⁺The soil acidification process is promoted. In addition, in the production environment, the irrigation water in facility production is mainly used for meeting the growth of crops, so that effective leaching is realized under the condition of lack of natural rainfall, and H in surface soil⁺And salt ions are not easy to be brought into deep layerThe production conditions of the soil and high temperature and high humidity accelerate the soil mineralization process, and boost the acidification of the facility surface soil, so that the facility surface soil after long-term continuous planting is not suitable for planting any more.

A conventional way to reduce soil acidity and increase soil pH is to apply alkaline materials, such as calcium carbonate, quicklime, hydrated lime, etc., to the soil to provide a conjugate base of weak acid species to neutralize H in the soil⁺And anions of weak acids are formed, reducing the acidity of the soil. In actual use, however, a large amount of alkaline materials are needed to be applied and mixed with soil sufficiently to achieve a good effect, and for example, when sandy loam with the pH value of 5.0 is increased to the pH value of 6.0, 1 ton of calcium carbonate needs to be continuously added to the sandy loam for more than 2 years and mixed sufficiently. The measure is better operated and is economical and feasible under the field condition, but large-scale plowing and alkaline pollution throwing equipment is not easy to be applied in facilities for facility agriculture under the limits of columns, pipelines, facility areas and the like which are generally existed under the existing production conditions; meanwhile, the method needs to be used in the crop growth interval period, and under the requirement of continuous cyclic planting of facility agriculture throughout the year, a method for restoring soil acidification while producing in facility production is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a method for producing a facility acidified soil conditioner by using vinasse and application thereof.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a method for acidifying soil conditioner by using a vinasse production facility, which comprises the following steps:

1) mixing the vinasse with water, and adjusting the pH value to 4-4.2 to obtain adjusted vinasse;

2) mixing the adjusted vinasse obtained in the step 1) with acid protease, and stirring and reacting at 45-50 ℃ for 22-26 h to obtain a protease catalytic substance;

3) adjusting the pH value of the protease catalytic substance in the step 2) to 4.6-4.8, mixing the protease catalytic substance with cellulase, and stirring and reacting at 40-45 ℃ for 34-38 hours to obtain a cellulase catalytic substance;

4) filtering the cellulase catalytic substance obtained in the step 3) to obtain a filtrate, mixing the filtrate with magnesium oxide, mixing with a calcium-containing substance, reacting to obtain a reactant, and mixing the reactant with potassium sorbate and sucrose to obtain the facility acidification soil conditioner.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the vinasse to the water in the step 1) is 1: 3-5.

Preferably, the grain diameter of the vinasse is 0.3-0.5 mm.

Preferably, the addition amount of the acid protease in the step 2) is calculated according to the enzyme activity unit of the acid protease, and is 0.1-0.2% of the dry matter amount of the vinasse added and regulated in every ten thousand enzyme activity units.

Preferably, the addition amount of the cellulase in the step 3) is 0.2-0.5% of the dry matter mass of the added reactant per ten thousand enzyme activity units calculated according to the activity unit of the cellulase.

Preferably, the concentration of the magnesium oxide in the filtrate in the step 4) is 0.2-0.4 g/L.

Preferably, the calcium-containing material comprises calcium oxide and/or calcium carbonate;

the addition amount of the calcium-containing substance is 25-40% of the mass of the filtrate.

Preferably, the volume content of the potassium sorbate in the step 4) in the reactants is 0.3-0.5 per mill.

Preferably, the mass content of the sucrose in the step 4) in the reactants is 0.1-0.3%.

The invention also provides application of the facility acidification soil conditioner prepared by the method in the technical scheme in improving the plant germination rate.

The invention provides a method for acidifying soil conditioner by using vinasse production facilities, which takes vinasse as a main raw material, converts protein in the vinasse into amino acid through enzyme catalysis treatment of acid protease and cellulase on the vinasse, and degrades cellulose into polysaccharides; by adding calcium and magnesium alkali into the mixture,while neutralizing acid generated in the fermentation and pretreatment of distiller's grains, calcium and magnesium ions (Ca) are formed^2+、Mg²⁺) And amino acids (RCHNH)₂COOH) complex organic systems. When the fertilizer is applied, the amino acid in the system can be directly absorbed by plants and can be oxidized to form CO under the action of soil microorganisms₂And providing energy to stimulate the growth of soil microorganisms; after the amino acid is absorbed and decomposed, the calcium and magnesium ions in the organic composite system can be absorbed by the soil colloid and replace H on the soil colloid⁺And Al³⁺The ion composition absorbed by soil colloid is changed, so that the acid saturation of the soil is reduced; acetate in the system can react with Al³⁺Formation of Al (CH)₃COO)₂OH or Al (OH)₃The method is equivalent to providing conjugate alkali, reducing the ionic foundation of soil acidification and reducing the aluminum toxicity; in addition, liberated Ca²⁺And Mg²⁺The plant nutrient solution can be absorbed and utilized by plants as nutrient ions while supplementing non-acidic cations lost by soil, and is effective for supplementing calcium and magnesium nutrients to the plants after soil acidification; meanwhile, calcium ions and magnesium ions in the organic system are easy to leach downwards along the soil profile, the content and the pH value of active calcium in the soil are improved, magnesium ions required by plant growth are provided, and deep soil is repaired. The application of the soil conditioner formed by the technical scheme of the invention in the soil can be respectively from H⁺The method has the advantages of ion replacement, reduction of soil acid saturation, reduction of aluminum toxicity, supplement of calcium and magnesium nutrients and the like, and comprehensively improves acidification generated by long-time cultivation of facility agricultural soil and the condition that the generated side product is not beneficial to plant growth. The soil conditioner solves the problems that the conventional application of lime substances is mostly limited by the plowing depth and only acts on a lime soil layer in a short period when the soil has higher Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Under the background that the facility agriculture is lack of effective leaching, the repair along with water can be realized, and under the background that the facility agriculture soil is in less fallow, the repair while producing can be realized, so that the production continuity is ensured.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a method for acidifying soil conditioner by using a vinasse production facility, which comprises the following steps:

1) mixing the vinasse with water, and adjusting the pH value to 4-4.2 to obtain adjusted vinasse;

2) mixing the adjusted vinasse obtained in the step 1) with acid protease, and stirring and reacting at 45-50 ℃ for 22-26 h to obtain a protease catalytic substance;

3) adjusting the pH value of the protease catalytic substance in the step 2) to 4.6-4.8, mixing the protease catalytic substance with cellulase, and stirring and reacting at 40-45 ℃ for 34-38 hours to obtain a cellulase catalytic substance;

4) filtering the cellulase catalytic substance obtained in the step 3) to obtain a filtrate, mixing the filtrate with magnesium oxide, mixing with a calcium-containing substance, reacting to obtain a reactant, and mixing the reactant with potassium sorbate and sucrose to obtain the facility acidification soil conditioner.

The source of the vinasse is not particularly limited, and the vinasse produced after conventional brewing can be adopted. In the present invention, the distiller's grains are preferably sorghum distiller's grains or corn distiller's grains. In the invention, the grain diameter of the vinasse is preferably 0.3-0.5 mm.

In the invention, the mass ratio of the vinasse to the water is preferably 1: 3-5. The pH value of the solution is preferably adjusted to 4.6-4.8 by using potassium hydroxide or acetic acid.

In the invention, the addition amount of the acid protease is preferably 0.1-0.2% of the dry matter amount of the adjusted vinasse added per ten thousand enzyme activity units calculated according to the addition amount of the acid protease and the enzyme activity unit of the acid protease. The source of the acidic protease is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a conventional commercially available product may be used. In the invention, the adjusted vinasse is mixed with acid protease, and preferably stirred and reacted for 24 hours at the temperature of 45-50 ℃. In the invention, the addition amount of the cellulase is preferably 0.2-0.5% of the dry matter mass of the added reactant per ten thousand enzyme activity units calculated by the addition amount of the cellulase according to the activity unit of the cellulase. The source of the cellulase is not particularly limited, and the cellulase can be prepared from conventional commercial products. In the invention, after the protease catalytic substance and the cellulase are mixed, the mixture is preferably stirred and reacted for 36 hours at the temperature of 40-45 ℃.

The filtration is not particularly limited in the present invention, and the conditions for filtering the enzyme catalyst may be employed.

In the invention, the concentration of the magnesium oxide in the filtrate is preferably 0.2-0.4 g/L, and more preferably 0.3 g/L. In the present invention, the calcium-containing substance preferably includes calcium oxide and/or calcium carbonate, and the amount of the calcium-containing substance added is 25 to 40% by mass of the filtrate. In the present invention, the filtrate is mixed with magnesium oxide, and then mixed with a calcium-containing substance to react, and the reaction is completed as a criterion that bubbles do not appear in the calcium-containing substance any more. In the invention, the volume content of the potassium sorbate in the reactant is preferably 0.3-0.5 per mill. In the invention, the mass content of the sucrose in the reactant is preferably 0.1-0.3%, and more preferably 0.2%.

The invention also provides application of the facility acidification soil conditioner prepared by the method in the technical scheme in improving the plant germination rate. In the present invention, the plant preferably comprises crowndaisy chrysanthemum or spinach. The application method of the facility acidification soil conditioner is not specially limited, and the application method of the conventional soil conditioner is adopted.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.