阅读说明：本技术 一种防头颈骨块后倾的新式头髓钉 (Novel head medullary nail for preventing head and neck bone block from retroverted ) 是由 张世民 于 2020-05-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种防头颈骨块后倾的新式头髓钉,属于医用骨折复位器械的技术领域。带防头颈骨块后倾装置的头髓钉包括主杆、主钉和防后倾螺钉；主杆用于插入患者的股骨干中；主钉的第一端穿设连接主杆,第二端穿设并固定股骨颈和股骨头部分的骨折块；防后倾螺钉的第一端穿设主杆,第二端穿设股骨颈髓内,抵达股骨颈前侧皮质的后缘。解决了采用主杆穿设股骨干,主钉穿设股骨颈、股骨头的结构,术后滑动获得二次稳定过程中,皮质对位容易丢失,皮质支撑复位至骨折的愈合率低的问题。本发明的防后倾螺钉的第二端穿设股骨颈髓内,直接抵达股骨颈前侧皮质的后缘,起到防止头颈骨块的颈部皮质后倾、后倒、后移的阻挡作用。(The invention discloses a novel head medullary nail for preventing a head and neck bone block from tilting backwards, and belongs to the technical field of medical fracture reduction instruments. The medullary nail with the head and neck bone block retroversion prevention device comprises a main rod, a main nail and a retroversion prevention screw; the main rod is used for being inserted into the femoral shaft of a patient; the first end of the main nail penetrates through the connecting main rod, and the second end of the main nail penetrates through and fixes the fracture blocks of the femoral neck and the femoral head part; the first end of the retroversion-preventing screw penetrates through the main rod, and the second end of the retroversion-preventing screw penetrates through the neck marrow of the femur and reaches the rear edge of the anterior cortex of the neck of the femur. The problem of adopt the mobile jib to wear to establish the femoral shaft, the structure of femoral neck, femoral head is worn to establish by the main nail, and the postoperative slides and obtains the secondary stabilization in-process, and the cortex is counterpointed and is lost easily, and the cortex supports the rate of healing that resets to the fracture and hang down is solved. The second end of the retroversion-preventing screw is arranged in the neck marrow of the femur in a penetrating way and directly reaches the rear edge of the anterior cortex of the neck of the femur, so that the blocking effect of preventing the retroversion, retroversion and retroversion of the neck cortex of the head and neck bone block is achieved.)

1. A novel medullary nail for preventing a head and neck bone block from retroversion is characterized by comprising a main rod (100), a main nail (200) and a retroversion-preventing screw (300);

the main shaft (100) is for insertion into a femoral shaft (400) of a patient;

the main nail (200) is obliquely arranged, a first end of the main nail (200) is connected with the main rod (100) in a penetrating manner, and a second end of the main nail (200) is arranged in a penetrating manner and used for fixing fracture blocks of the femoral neck (500) and the femoral head (600);

the anti-retroversion screw (300) is obliquely arranged, the first end of the anti-retroversion screw (300) penetrates through the main rod (100), the second end of the anti-retroversion screw (300) penetrates through the marrow of the femoral neck (500) and reaches the rear edge of the front cortex of the femoral neck (500).

2. The novel medullary nail for preventing the back inclination of the head and neck bone block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the main rod (100) is provided with a main nail inclined hole (101), the main nail inclined hole (101) is used for the first end of the main nail (200) to penetrate through;

a screw inclined hole (102) is formed in the side surface of the main screw inclined hole (101) of the main rod (100) in the direction close to the heart, and the screw inclined hole (102) is used for enabling a first end of the backward-tilting-preventing screw (300) to penetrate through;

the distance a between the main screw inclined hole (101) and the screw inclined hole (102) ranges from 5mm to 15 mm.

3. The new medullary nail for preventing the back inclination of head and neck bone blocks as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the included angle α between the main nail (200) and the back inclination prevention screw (300) in the vertical direction ranges from 10 ° to 30 °.

4. The medullary nail with device for preventing retroversion of head and neck bone block according to claim 3, characterized in that the number of the retroversion-preventing screws (300) is two, and the included angle α between each retroversion-preventing screw (300) and the main nail (200) in the vertical direction is in the range of 10-30 °.

5. The new medullary nail for preventing the back inclination of head and neck bone pieces as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the screw (300) for preventing back inclination ranges from 3.5mm to 5.0mm, and the length of the screw (300) for preventing back inclination ranges from 35mm to 55 mm.

6. The new medullary nail for preventing retroversion of head and neck bone block according to claim 1, characterized in that the second end of the screw (300) for preventing retroversion is provided with a rounded blunt head (301), the rounded blunt head (301) is used for penetrating the medulla of femoral neck (500) of patient.

7. The new medullary nail for preventing the retroversion of head and neck bone block according to claim 1, characterized in that the first end of the screw (300) for preventing retroversion is provided with a connecting hole (302), the connecting hole (302) is used for connecting an external guide.

8. The intramedullary nail with device for preventing retroversion of the head and neck bone fragments according to claim 4, further comprising a connector (700);

the first end of the connecting piece (700) is connected with the first end of one of the back tilting prevention screws (300), and the second end of the connecting piece (700) is connected with the first end of the other back tilting prevention screw (300).

9. The new intramedullary nail for preventing retroversion of the head and neck bone fragments according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an obliquely arranged strut (800);

the first end of the supporting rod (800) is connected with the anti-retroversion screw (300), and the second end of the supporting rod (800) is abutted against the outer side of the cortex of the femoral shaft (400) of the patient.

10. The new intramedullary nail for preventing retroversion of the head and neck bone fragments according to claim 9, characterized in that said number of struts (800) is multiple.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical fracture reduction instruments, in particular to a novel head medullary nail for preventing a head and neck bone block from tilting backwards.

Background

China is an aging population, and particularly, the number of elderly people over 80 years old is increasing rapidly. The fracture of the hip of the elderly in our country is about 70 ten thousand in 2013, and is expected to increase to 400 ten thousand in 2040 years. Intertrochanteric femoral fractures account for about half of the fractures in the hip of the elderly, which occur most frequently in women, and fall and osteoporosis in daily life are the underlying causes.

At present, the fracture between femoral trochanters of old people is claimed to be treated by closed reduction head intramedullary nail internal fixation in early stage. Clinical experience has shown that the quality of reduction of a fracture is the most important prerequisite for the effectiveness of internal fixation therapy.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a novel head medullary nail for preventing a head and neck bone block from retroverted, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, a femoral shaft is penetrated through a main rod, the main nail is penetrated through a femoral neck and a femoral head, cortical alignment is easy to lose in the process of obtaining secondary stability by postoperative sliding, and the healing rate of fracture after cortical support is reset is low.

The invention provides a novel medullary nail for preventing a head and neck bone block from retroverted, which comprises a main rod, a main nail and a retroversion-preventing screw;

the main rod is used for being inserted into the femoral shaft of a patient;

the main nail is obliquely arranged, the first end of the main nail penetrates through the connecting main rod, and the second end of the main nail penetrates through and fixes the femoral neck and the fracture block of the femoral head part;

the anti-retroversion screw is obliquely arranged, the first end of the anti-retroversion screw penetrates through the main rod, and the second end of the anti-retroversion screw penetrates through the femoral neck marrow to reach the rear edge of the front side cortex of the femoral neck.

Furthermore, a main nail inclined hole is formed in the main rod and used for the first end of the main nail to penetrate through;

the side surface of the main nail inclined hole is provided with a screw inclined hole in the direction close to the heart, and the screw inclined hole is used for the first end of the backward tilting prevention screw to penetrate through;

the distance a between the main screw inclined hole and the screw inclined hole ranges from 5mm to 15 mm.

Furthermore, the included angle alpha between the main nail and the anti-back-tilting screw in the vertical direction ranges from 10 degrees to 30 degrees.

Furthermore, the number of the anti-back-tilting screws is two, and the included angle alpha between each anti-back-tilting screw and the main nail in the vertical direction ranges from 10 degrees to 30 degrees.

Furthermore, the diameter of the anti-back-tilting screw ranges from 3.5mm to 5.0mm, and the length of the anti-back-tilting screw ranges from 35mm to 55 mm.

Furthermore, the second end of the anti-retroversion screw is provided with a smooth blunt head which is used for penetrating through the femoral neck marrow of the patient.

Furthermore, a first end of the anti-back-tilting screw is provided with a connecting hole, and the connecting hole is used for connecting the external guider.

Further, the device also comprises a connecting piece;

the first end of the connecting piece is connected with the first end of one of the anti-back-tilting screws, and the second end of the connecting piece is connected with the first end of the other anti-back-tilting screw.

Furthermore, the device also comprises a support rod which is obliquely arranged;

the first end of the supporting rod is connected with the anti-retroversion screw, and the second end of the supporting rod is abutted to the outer side of the femoral shaft cortex of the patient.

Further, the number of the struts is multiple.

Compared with the prior art, the head intramedullary nail with the head and neck bone block retroversion prevention device has the following advantages:

the main rod of the invention is inserted into the femoral shaft of a patient, and limits the position of the femoral shaft; the main nail is obliquely arranged so that the first end of the main nail can be connected to the main rod in a penetrating manner, and the connecting position of the first end of the main nail is limited; the second end of the main nail penetrates through the femoral neck and the femoral head so as to fix fracture blocks of the femoral neck and the femoral head; the anti-back-tilting screw is obliquely arranged so that the first end of the anti-back-tilting screw can be connected to the main rod in a penetrating manner, and the connection position of the first end of the anti-back-tilting screw is limited; the second end of the retroversion-preventing screw penetrates through the femoral neck marrow and directly reaches the rear edge of the front side cortex of the femoral neck, the blocking effect of preventing the retroversion, retroversion and retroversion of the neck cortex of the head and neck bone block is achieved, the outward sliding of the head and neck bone block is not affected, and the healing rate of the reduction of the cortical support to fracture is high.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first novel intramedullary nail for preventing a head and neck bone block from tilting backwards according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction A in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure in the direction B in FIG. 1;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a second intramedullary nail with a head and neck bone block retroversion prevention device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a third intramedullary nail with a head and neck bone block retroversion prevention device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

100-main pole; 200-main nail;

300-anti-back-tipping screws; 400-femoral shaft;

500-femoral neck; 600-femoral head;

700-a connector; 800-support rod;

101-main nail inclined hole; 102-oblique screw holes;

301-smooth blunt tip; 302-connecting hole.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first," "second," etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art through specific situations.

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the novel medullary nail for preventing the back inclination of the head and neck bone block provided by the invention comprises a main rod 100, a main nail 200 and a back inclination prevention screw 300;

the main shaft 100 is for insertion into the femoral shaft 400 of a patient;

the main nail 200 is obliquely arranged, a first end of the main nail 200 is penetrated and connected with the main rod 100, and a second end of the main nail 200 is penetrated and fixed with fracture blocks of the femoral neck 500 and the femoral head 600;

the anti-retroversion screw 300 is obliquely arranged, a first end of the anti-retroversion screw 300 penetrates through the main rod 100, and a second end of the anti-retroversion screw 300 penetrates through the marrow of the femoral neck 500 and reaches the posterior edge of the anterior cortex of the femoral neck 500.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the main rod 100 is vertically disposed, and the main rod 100 is used for being inserted into the femoral shaft 400 of the patient to perform the primary positioning on the femoral shaft 400; the main nail 200 is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the main nail 200 is one end far away from the heart, and the lower end is taken as a first end and is penetratingly connected to the main rod 100; the upper end of the main nail 200 is one end close to the heart, the upper end is used as a second end to penetrate through the femoral neck 500 and the femoral head 600 and is used for fixing fracture blocks of the femoral neck 500 and the femoral head 600, and an included angle between the upper end of the main nail 200 and the lower side of the main rod 100 is 130 degrees; the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is obliquely arranged, the lower end of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is one end far away from the heart, and the lower end is taken as a first end and is connected to the main rod 100 in a penetrating way; prevent retroversion screw 300's upper end for the one end that is close to the heart, the upper end wears to establish femoral neck 500 intramedullary as second end, directly reaches the trailing edge position to the 500 front side cortex of femoral neck to play the neck cortex retroversion that prevents the neck bone piece, fall, the barrier effect that moves back, can not influence its slip to the outside, thereby improve the cortex and support the healing rate that resets to the fracture.

In use, the main nail 200 is provided with a helical blade, the coronal plane of the helical blade is parallel to the helical blade, and the sagittal plane of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is tilted forward, i.e., away from the heart.

Further, a main nail inclined hole 101 is formed in the main rod 100, and the main nail inclined hole 101 is used for a first end of the main nail 200 to penetrate through;

a screw inclined hole 102 is formed in the side surface of the main screw inclined hole 101 of the main rod 100 in the direction close to the heart, and the screw inclined hole 102 is used for a first end of a backward tilting prevention screw 300 to penetrate through;

the distance a between the main nail inclined hole 101 and the screw inclined hole 102 ranges from 5mm to 15 mm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the main nail inclined hole 101 is an inclined hole formed on the main rod 100, so that the lower end of the main nail 200 can be inserted and fixed in the main nail inclined hole 101; as shown in fig. 1, a screw inclined hole 102 is provided at a position above the main screw inclined hole 101 so that the lower end of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 can be inserted and fixed in the screw inclined hole 102; the screw inclination hole 102 is provided at a position above the main screw inclination hole 101 so that the anti-back-tilting screw 300 can be provided at a position above the main screw 200, facilitating the anti-back-tilting screw to penetrate through the femoral neck 500.

In the present embodiment, the distance a between the main nail slanting hole 101 and the screw slanting hole 102 is set to 10mm so that the main nail 200 and the anti-back-tilting screw 300 have a certain installation distance therebetween.

Further, the included angle α between the main nail 200 and the anti-back-tilting screw 300 in the vertical direction ranges from 10 ° to 30 °.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the angle α between the main nail 200 and the anti-back-tilting screw 300 in the vertical direction is 15 °, and the vector plane formed by the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is tilted forward by 15 °.

Further, the number of the anti-back-tilting screws 300 is two, and the included angle α between each anti-back-tilting screw 300 and the main nail 200 in the vertical direction ranges from 10 ° to 30 °.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the number of the anti-back-tilting screws 300 is set to two, the included angle α between each anti-back-tilting screw 300 and the main nail 200 in the vertical direction is 15 °, and the two anti-back-tilting screws 300 are respectively disposed at the left and right sides of the main nail 200, so that the vector planes formed by the two anti-back-tilting screws 300 are tilted forward by 15 °.

Further, the diameter of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 ranges from 3.5mm to 5.0mm, and the length of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 ranges from 35mm to 55 mm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is 3.5mm, and the length thereof is 40mm, so as to ensure the accurate connection position of the anti-back-tilting screw 300.

In other embodiments, the diameter of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 may be other values, and the length may be other values, as required.

Further, a smooth blunt head 301 is provided at the second end of the anti-back-tilting screw 300, and the smooth blunt head 301 is used for penetrating 500 piths of the femoral neck of the patient.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the upper end of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is rounded and blunt 301 so that the rounded and blunt 301 can penetrate the patient's femoral neck 500 medulla.

In other embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of strip-shaped protrusions may be further disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the blunt rounded tip 301, the length direction of the strip-shaped protrusions is along the length direction of the blunt rounded tip 301, and the cross section of the strip-shaped protrusions is tapered, so that when the blunt rounded tip 301 is inserted into the femoral neck 500 medulla, the sharp ends of the outer sides of the strip-shaped protrusions are used to cut into the femoral neck 500 medulla, thereby facilitating insertion of the femoral neck 500 medulla.

Further, the first end of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is provided with a connection hole 302, and the connection hole 302 is used for connecting the external guide.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a connection hole 302 is provided at the lower end of the anti-back-tilting screw 300, the connection hole 302 is a hexagon socket, and the external guide device is a hexagon socket wrench.

When the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is used, the anti-back-tilting screw is clamped in the connecting hole 302 by using the inner hexagonal wrench, and the inner hexagonal wrench is rotated to screw the anti-back-tilting screw into 500 medulla femoris of the femoral neck.

Further, the device also comprises a connecting piece 700;

a first end of the connection member 700 is connected to a first end of one of the back-tilting prevention screws 300, and a second end of the connection member 700 is connected to a first end of the other back-tilting prevention screw 300.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the number of the anti-back-tilting screws 300 is set to two, and the lower ends of both of the anti-back-tilting screws 300 are exposed to the outside of the cortex of the femoral shaft 400 of the patient.

Connecting piece 700 includes the rubber tape of intermediate position, connect hexagonal prism end cap respectively at the both ends of rubber tape, two hexagonal prism end caps block up respectively in the connecting hole 302 of two lower extremes of preventing hypsokinesis screw 300, at this moment, the rubber tape is the state of tightening, utilize the rubber tape to ensure two fastness of preventing hypsokinesis screw 300's lower extreme hookup location, and simultaneously, the rubber tape has certain elasticity, can ensure two and prevent that hypsokinesis screw 300 has certain tensile force, from not influencing patient's daily activity.

Further, the device also comprises a support rod 800 which is arranged obliquely;

the first end of the strut 800 is connected to the anti-back-tilting screw 300 and the second end of the strut 800 abuts the outer cortical side of the femoral shaft 400 of the patient.

In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 5, the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is provided with a relatively long size so that the lower end of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is exposed to a relatively long size, and at this time, the support rod 800 is welded to the lower end side of the anti-back-tilting screw 300, the first end of the support rod 800 is welded to the lower end side of the anti-back-tilting screw 300, and the second end of the support rod 800 directly abuts against the cortical outside position of the femoral shaft 400 of the patient.

The strut 800 and the anti-back-tilting screw 300 have a certain angle, for example, a 45 ° angle, so that the second end of the strut 800 can directly abut against the cortical outer side position of the femoral shaft 400 of the patient, and the lower end position of the anti-back-tilting screw 300 is supported and limited by the strut 800.

Further, the number of the struts 800 is plural.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of struts 800 are welded to the lower end side of the back-tilting prevention screw 300 to support and define the position of the lower end side of the back-tilting prevention screw 300 from a plurality of directions using the plurality of struts 800.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.