Automatic feeding system of crown block

文档序号:126255 发布日期:2021-10-22 浏览:51次 中文

阅读说明:本技术 一种天车自动上料系统 (Automatic feeding system of crown block ) 是由 梁道蓬 李标 赵勇 赵学宗 张占平 于 2021-07-29 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明公开了一种天车自动上料系统,包括横移架、操作分析组件、防晃动组件、辅助装夹组件、操作室、操作台、驱动电源、导轨车、导轨车滑移导轨、导轨车滑移组件、连接柱、夹具安装块和横移架滑移组件,所述横移架上设置有操作室,且操作室内设置有操作台,本发明,通过设置的防晃动组件,减小了物料运输时的晃动幅度,缩短了晃动时间,从而提高了生产效率,通过设置的辅助装夹组件,在上料的过程中,为夹持的物料提供底部辅助支撑,夹持的稳定性高,从而消除了安全隐患,通过设置的状态检测模块和安全监控模块反馈现场情况,再通过分析计划模块做出不同的上料方案,自动化程度高,从而提高了自动上料系统的实用性。(The invention discloses an automatic overhead traveling crane feeding system, which comprises a transverse moving frame, an operation analysis component, an anti-shaking component, an auxiliary clamping component, an operation chamber, an operation platform, a driving power supply, a guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail, a guide rail vehicle sliding component, a connecting column, a clamp mounting block and a transverse moving frame sliding component, wherein the operation chamber is arranged on the transverse moving frame, and the operation platform is arranged in the operation chamber. Degree of automation is high to automatic feeding system's practicality has been improved.)

1. The utility model provides a crown block automatic feeding system, includes sideslip frame (1), operation analysis subassembly (2), prevents rocking subassembly (3), supplementary clamping subassembly (4), control chamber (5), operation panel (6), drive power supply (7), guide rail car (8), guide rail car slide guide rail (9), guide rail car slide subassembly (10), spliced pole (11), anchor clamps installation piece (12) and sideslip frame slide subassembly (13), its characterized in that: an operation chamber (5) is arranged on the transverse moving frame (1), an operation table (6) is arranged in the operation chamber (5), a touch display screen (201) in the operation analysis assembly (2) is arranged at the center of the top of the operation table (6), the operation analysis assembly (2) is composed of the touch display screen (201), a central processing module (202), a state detection module (203), a safety monitoring module (204), an analysis planning module (205), a feeding operation module (206), a clamp clamping module (207), a brake termination module (208) and a voice interaction module (209), a driving power supply (7) is arranged in the operation table (6), the driving power supply (7) is electrically connected with the touch display screen (201), a guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail (9) is arranged on the transverse moving frame (1), and a guide rail vehicle sliding assembly (10) is arranged on the guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail (9), the guide rail vehicle sliding assembly (10) is composed of a first drive and a first sliding block, the first drive in the guide rail vehicle sliding assembly (10) is electrically connected with a drive power supply (7) through a safe sliding line, the guide rail vehicle sliding assembly (10) is connected through a connecting column (11), the connecting column (11) is connected with a guide rail vehicle (8) in a sliding manner, a guide pillar (301) in an anti-shaking assembly (3) is welded on the side wall of the guide rail vehicle (8), the anti-shaking assembly (3) is composed of the guide pillar (301), a support frame (302), a roller (303), a limiting pipe (304), a retractor body (305), a connecting block (306), a fixing ring (307) and a first spring (308), the support frame (302) and the retractor body (305) are arranged at the top of the guide rail vehicle (8), the retractor body (305) is electrically connected with the drive power supply (7), the limiting pipe (304) is connected in the guide pillar (301) in a sliding manner, and the bottom of spacing pipe (304) is provided with connecting block (306), the roll-up rope in coiler body (305) is around connecing gyro wheel (303), and the roll-up rope passes spacing pipe (304) and connecting block (306) fixed connection, and the bottom of connecting block (306) is provided with anchor clamps installation piece (12), and first installation piece (401) in one side fixedly connected with supplementary clamping subassembly (4) of anchor clamps installation piece (12), supplementary clamping subassembly (4) comprise first installation piece (401), second installation piece (402), motor (403), axis of rotation (404), clamping frame (405), L type mount (406), friction disc (407) and second spring (408), the opposite side fixedly connected with second installation piece (402) of anchor clamps installation piece (12).

2. The automatic crown block feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the both sides of sideslip frame (1) are provided with sideslip frame subassembly (13) that slides, and sideslip frame subassembly (13) that slides comprises second drive and second sliding block, and the second drive in the subassembly (13) that slides of sideslip frame and drive power supply (7) electric connection.

3. The automatic crown block feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the symmetrical solid fixed ring (307) that is provided with on spliced pole (11), and one side and the guide rail car of solid fixed ring (307) subassembly (10) fixed connection that slides, be provided with first spring (308) on spliced pole (11), and first spring (308) are located between solid fixed ring (307) and guide rail car (8).

4. The automatic crown block feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the one end of connecting axis of rotation (404) rotates in the through-hole of seting up on first installation piece (401), and the other end of axis of rotation (404) is arranged in the through-hole of seting up on second installation piece (402), is provided with motor (403) on first installation piece (401), and motor (403) and drive power supply (7) electric connection, the output and axis of rotation (404) fixed connection of motor (403).

5. The automatic crown block feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating shaft (404) is provided with a clamping frame (405), an L-shaped fixing frame (406) is connected to a groove formed in the clamping frame (405) through a rotating shaft, a second spring (408) is arranged at the bottom of the L-shaped fixing frame (406), the second spring (408) is located inside the groove formed in the clamping frame (405), and a friction plate (407) is arranged on the L-shaped fixing frame (406).

6. The automatic crown block feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the top of the central processing module (202) is electrically connected with the center of the bottom of the touch display screen (201), and the bottom of the touch display screen (201) is electrically connected with the analysis planning module (205), the feeding operation module (206), the clamp clamping module (207), the brake termination module (208), the state detection module (203), the voice interaction module (209) and the safety monitoring module (204) respectively.

7. The automatic crown block feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output end of the central processing module (202) is electrically connected with the input ends of the analysis planning module (205), the voice interaction module (209), the brake termination module (208) and the safety monitoring module (204), and the output end of the safety monitoring module (204) is electrically connected with the input end of the central processing module (202).

8. The automatic crown block feeding system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output end of the analysis planning module (205) is electrically connected with the input ends of the feeding operation module (206) and the clamp clamping module (207), the output ends of the feeding operation module (206) and the clamp clamping module (207) are electrically connected with the input end of the state detection module (203), and the output end of the state detection module (203) is electrically connected with the input end of the central processing module (202).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of crown blocks, in particular to an automatic feeding system of a crown block.

Background

The overhead traveling crane is the equipment that uses in the workshop to remove the material, and the overhead traveling crane material loading is exactly on using the overhead traveling crane to carry required station with required raw and other materials in the production through the overhead traveling crane, and present overhead traveling crane automatic feeding system can satisfy people's user demand basically, still has certain step: firstly, the existing automatic feeding system of the overhead travelling crane has no good anti-shaking performance, and the materials can be accurately placed on required stations only after the materials reach a carrying point and the shaking is finished, so that the feeding time is prolonged, and the production efficiency is influenced; secondly, a clamp mounting block of the existing automatic crown block feeding system cannot provide support below a material in the clamping process, so that the clamping stability is low, and potential safety hazards exist; thirdly, the automatic feeding system of the existing crown block has low automation degree, and different feeding schemes can not be provided under the condition that the workshop environment is constantly changed, so that the practicability is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an automatic feeding system of a crown block, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an automatic crown block feeding system comprises a traversing frame, an operation analysis component, an anti-shaking component, an auxiliary clamping component, an operation chamber, an operation table, a driving power supply, a guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail, a guide rail vehicle sliding component, a connecting column, a clamp installation block and a traversing frame sliding component, wherein the operation chamber is arranged on the traversing frame, the operation table is arranged in the operation chamber, a touch display screen in the operation analysis component is arranged at the center of the top of the operation table, the operation analysis component comprises a touch display screen, a central processing module, a state detection module, a safety monitoring module, an analysis planning module, a feeding operation module, a clamp clamping module, a brake termination module and a voice interaction module, the driving power supply is arranged in the operation table and electrically connected with the touch display screen, the traversing frame is provided with the guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail, and the guide rail car sliding guide rail is provided with a guide rail car sliding assembly, the guide rail car sliding assembly is composed of a first drive and a first sliding block, the first drive and a drive power supply in the guide rail car sliding assembly are electrically connected through a safe sliding wire, the guide rail car sliding assembly is connected through a connecting column, and the connecting column is slidably connected with a guide rail car, the side wall of the guide rail car is welded with a guide pillar in an anti-shaking assembly, the anti-shaking assembly is composed of a guide pillar, a support frame, a roller, a limit pipe, a retractor body, a connecting block, a fixing ring and a first spring, the top of the guide rail car is provided with the support frame and the retractor body, and the retractor body is electrically connected with the drive power supply, the guide pillar is slidably connected with the limit pipe, the bottom of the limit pipe is provided with the connecting block, a winding rope in the retractor body winds the roller, and the winding rope passes through the limit pipe and is fixedly connected with the connecting block, the bottom of the connecting block is provided with a clamp mounting block, and one side of the clamp mounting block is fixedly connected with a first mounting block in the auxiliary clamping assembly, the auxiliary clamping assembly consists of the first mounting block, a second mounting block, a motor, a rotating shaft, a clamping frame, an L-shaped fixing frame, a friction plate and a second spring, and the other side of the clamp mounting block is fixedly connected with the second mounting block.

Preferably, the two sides of the transverse moving frame are provided with transverse moving frame sliding assemblies, each transverse moving frame sliding assembly is composed of a second drive and a second sliding block, and the second drive in each transverse moving frame sliding assembly is electrically connected with the drive power supply.

Preferably, the symmetry is provided with solid fixed ring on the spliced pole, and solid fixed ring's one side and guide rail car subassembly fixed connection that slides, is provided with first spring on the spliced pole, and first spring is located solid fixed ring and guide rail car between.

Preferably, one end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected in a through hole formed in the first mounting block, the other end of the rotating shaft is located in a through hole formed in the second mounting block, a motor is arranged on the first mounting block, the motor is electrically connected with the driving power supply, and the output end of the motor is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft.

Preferably, the rotating shaft is provided with a clamping frame, an L-shaped fixing frame is connected to a groove formed in the clamping frame through a rotating shaft, a second spring is arranged at the bottom of the L-shaped fixing frame and located in the groove formed in the clamping frame, and a friction plate is arranged on the L-shaped fixing frame.

Preferably, the top of the central processing module is electrically connected with the center of the bottom of the touch display screen, and the bottom of the touch display screen is electrically connected with the analysis planning module, the feeding operation module, the clamp clamping module, the brake termination module, the state detection module, the voice interaction module and the safety monitoring module respectively.

Preferably, the output end of the central processing module is electrically connected with the input ends of the analysis planning module, the voice interaction module, the braking termination module and the safety monitoring module respectively, and the output end of the safety monitoring module is electrically connected with the input end of the central processing module.

Preferably, the output end of the analysis plan module is electrically connected with the input ends of the feeding operation module and the clamp clamping module respectively, the output ends of the feeding operation module and the clamp clamping module are electrically connected with the input end of the state detection module, and the output end of the state detection module is electrically connected with the input end of the central processing module.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the automatic feeding system of the crown block, the first spring is extruded and stretched by the guide rail vehicle in the running process, so that the speed change of the guide rail vehicle is more gradual, and meanwhile, the winding rope of the retractor body is limited by the limiting pipe in sliding connection in the guide pillar, so that the problem that the material cannot be placed on a station due to shaking of the material in the feeding process is solved, and the production efficiency of a workshop is improved; the rotating shaft and the clamping frame are driven to rotate by the arranged motor, so that the clamped material is supported at the bottom by the L-shaped fixing frame, and meanwhile, the acting force of the material on the L-shaped fixing frame in the vertical direction is reduced by the friction force generated by the contact of the friction plate and the material, so that the clamping stability is high, and the potential safety hazard is eliminated; the data feedback is carried out on the central processing module through the set state detection module and the safety monitoring module, so that different feeding schemes can be made by the analysis plan module electrically connected with the output end of the central processing module according to the constantly changing environment in a production workshop, the automation degree is high, and the practicability of the automatic feeding system is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of the overall structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of area A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of the area B in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a left side cross-sectional view of the overall construction of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an L-shaped fixing frame of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of the area C in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a left side sectional view of the operation chamber of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a front view of a portion of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a three-dimensional view of the console of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the touch screen display of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a system flow diagram of the present invention;

in the figure: 1. a transverse moving frame; 2. operating the analysis component; 3. an anti-sloshing assembly; 4. an auxiliary clamping component; 5. an operation chamber; 6. an operation table; 7. a drive power supply; 8. a guide rail vehicle; 9. the guide rail vehicle slides the guide rail; 10. a rail car glide assembly; 11. connecting columns; 12. a clamp mounting block; 13. a cross sliding frame sliding component; 201. a touch display screen; 202. a central processing module; 203. a state detection module; 204. a security monitoring module; 205. an analysis planning module; 206. a feeding operation module; 207. a clamp gripping module; 208. a brake termination module; 209. a voice interaction module; 301. a guide post; 302. a support frame; 303. a roller; 304. a limiting pipe; 305. a retractor body; 306. connecting blocks; 307. a fixing ring; 308. a first spring; 401. a first mounting block; 402. a second mounting block; 403. a motor; 404. a rotating shaft; 405. a clamping frame; 406. an L-shaped fixing frame; 407. a friction plate; 408. a second spring.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-11, an embodiment of the present invention: an automatic crown block feeding system comprises a transverse moving frame 1, an operation analysis component 2, an anti-shaking component 3, an auxiliary clamping component 4, an operation chamber 5, an operation table 6, a driving power supply 7, a guide rail vehicle 8, a guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail 9, a guide rail vehicle sliding component 10, a connecting column 11, a clamp mounting block 12 and a transverse moving frame sliding component 13, wherein the operation chamber 5 is arranged on the transverse moving frame 1, the operation chamber 5 is internally provided with the operation table 6, the center of the top of the operation table 6 is provided with a touch display screen 201 in the operation analysis component 2, the operation analysis component 2 comprises the touch display screen 201, a central processing module 202, a state detection module 203, a safety monitoring module 204, an analysis plan module 205, a feeding operation module 206, a clamp clamping module 207, a brake termination module 208 and a voice interaction module 209, the driving power supply 7 is arranged in the operation table 6, and the driving power supply 7 is electrically connected with the touch display screen 201, a guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail 9 is arranged on the transverse moving frame 1, a guide rail vehicle sliding assembly 10 is arranged on the guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail 9, the guide rail vehicle sliding assembly 10 is composed of a first driving block and a first sliding block, the first driving block and a driving power supply 7 in the guide rail vehicle sliding assembly 10 are electrically connected through a safe sliding line, the guide rail vehicle sliding assembly 10 is connected through a connecting column 11, a guide rail vehicle 8 is slidably connected on the connecting column 11, a guide pillar 301 in the anti-shaking assembly 3 is welded on the side wall of the guide rail vehicle 8, the anti-shaking assembly 3 is composed of a guide pillar 301, a supporting frame 302, a roller 303, a limiting pipe 304, a retractor body 305, a connecting block 306, a fixing ring 307 and a first spring 308, the supporting frame 302 and the retractor body 305 are arranged at the top of the retractor vehicle 8, the retractor body 305 is electrically connected with the driving power supply 7, the limiting pipe 304 is slidably connected in the guide pillar 301, and the connecting block 306 is arranged at the bottom of the limiting pipe 304, the furling rope in the retractor body 305 is wound on the roller 303, the furling rope passes through the limiting pipe 304 and is fixedly connected with the connecting block 306, the bottom of the connecting block 306 is provided with the clamp mounting block 12, one side of the clamp mounting block 12 is fixedly connected with the first mounting block 401 in the auxiliary clamping component 4, the auxiliary clamping component 4 consists of the first mounting block 401, the second mounting block 402, the motor 403, the rotating shaft 404, the clamping frame 405, the L-shaped fixing frame 406, the friction plate 407 and the second spring 408, the other side of the clamp mounting block 12 is fixedly connected with the second mounting block 402, the two sides of the transverse frame 1 are provided with the transverse frame sliding component 13, the transverse frame sliding component 13 consists of the second driving block and the second sliding block, the second driving block in the transverse frame sliding component 13 is electrically connected with the driving power supply 7, and the transverse frame sliding component 13 is favorable for driving the transverse frame 1 to move along the external guide rail in the feeding process, the labor intensity of field personnel is reduced, fixing rings 307 are symmetrically arranged on a connecting column 11, one side of each fixing ring 307 is fixedly connected with a guide rail vehicle sliding assembly 10, a first spring 308 is arranged on the connecting column 11, the first spring 308 is positioned between the fixing ring 307 and a guide rail vehicle 8, the first spring 308 added between the fixing ring 307 and the guide rail vehicle 8 is utilized to extrude and stretch the first spring 308 through the guide rail vehicle 8, the speed change of the guide rail vehicle 8 is reduced, the material shaking in the feeding process is reduced, one end of a rotating shaft 404 is rotatably connected in a through hole formed in a first mounting block 401, the other end of the rotating shaft 404 is positioned in a through hole formed in a second mounting block 402, a motor 403 is arranged on the first mounting block 401 and electrically connected with a driving power supply 7, the output end of the motor 403 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft 404, and the arranged motor 403 is utilized to provide power for the rotating shaft 404, the rotating shaft 404 is favorably rotated in through holes formed in the first mounting block 401 and the second mounting block 402, the rotating shaft 404 is provided with a clamping frame 405, a groove formed in the clamping frame 405 is connected with an L-shaped fixing frame 406 through a rotating shaft, the bottom of the L-shaped fixing frame 406 is provided with a second spring 408, the second spring 408 is positioned in the groove formed in the clamping frame 405, the L-shaped fixing frame 406 is provided with a friction plate 407, the friction force provided by the friction plate 407 is favorably utilized by the friction plate 407 arranged on the L-shaped fixing frame 406, the clamping force required by a clamp mounted on the clamp mounting block 12 in the feeding process is reduced, so that the material is clamped in an auxiliary manner, the top of the central processing module 202 is electrically connected with the center of the bottom of the touch display screen 201, and the bottom of the touch display screen 201 is respectively connected with the analysis planning module 205, the feeding operation module 206, and the touch display screen 201, The clamp clamping module 207, the brake termination module 208, the state detection module 203, the voice interaction module 209 and the safety monitoring module 204 are electrically connected, the operation of an automatic crown block feeding system is facilitated through the arranged touch display screen 201, so that the operability of the system is improved, the output end of the central processing module 202 is electrically connected with the input ends of the analysis plan module 205, the voice interaction module 209, the brake termination module 208 and the safety monitoring module 204 respectively, the output end of the safety monitoring module 204 is electrically connected with the input end of the central processing module 202, the feedback is provided for the central processing module 202 through the safety monitoring module 204, different feeding schemes are formulated by the analysis plan module 205 according to needs, the output end of the analysis plan module 205 is electrically connected with the input ends of the feeding operation module 206 and the clamp clamping module 207 respectively, and the output of material loading operation module 206 and anchor clamps clamping module 207 all with the input electric connection of state detection module 203, the output of state detection module 203 and the input electric connection of central processing module 202, output through state detection module 203 and the input electric connection of central processing module 202, be favorable to detecting the state of overhead traveling crane and provide the feedback to central processing module 202 through state detection module 203, the influence that overhead traveling crane running state led to the fact the material loading has been eliminated, thereby the operational reliability of overhead traveling crane automatic feeding system has been increased.

The working principle is as follows: when the device is used, an operator inputs an instruction into the central processing module 202 through the touch display screen 201, and then analyzes the feeding process and path through the analysis plan module 205 to formulate a feeding plan, then executes the feeding plan through the feeding operation module 206 and the clamp clamping module 207, during the feeding process, the safety monitoring module 204 provides feedback for the central processing module 202, the state of the overhead travelling crane is detected through the state detection module 203 and provides feedback for the central processing module 202, the central processing module 202 sends an instruction to the voice interaction module 209 as required, the voice interaction module 209 correspondingly sends a voice prompt to the site, or the central processing module 202 sends an instruction to the brake termination module 208, the brake termination module 208 correspondingly brakes the overhead travelling crane, the transverse travelling frame 1 is driven by the transverse travelling frame sliding component 13 to move along the external overhead travelling crane guide rail during feeding, meanwhile, the guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail 9 drives the connecting column 11 and the guide rail vehicle 8 to move along the direction of the guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail 9, when a material loading and taking point is reached, the coiler body 305 works to release a coiling rope, the connecting block 306 and the clamp mounting block 12 are released along with the coiling rope, the limiting pipe 304 moves downwards along the axial direction of the guide post 301, the clamp mounting block 12 drives the clamp to reach the clamping point and then clamp the material, then the coiling rope drives the connecting block 306, the clamp mounting block 12 and the material to move upwards through the coiler body 305, after the set height is reached, the motor 403 operates to drive the rotating shaft 404 to rotate, further drives the two clamping frames 405 to approach the material around the axial line of the rotating shaft 404, then the L-shaped fixing frame 406 on the clamping frames 405 contacts with the material to start to press the second spring 408, and simultaneously the L-shaped fixing frame 406 rotates to drive the friction plate 407 to compress the material, the auxiliary support is provided for the material, then the transverse moving frame 1 is driven to move along the external guide rail through the transverse moving frame sliding component 13, the guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail 9 drives the connecting column 11 and the guide rail vehicle 8 to move along the direction of the guide rail vehicle sliding guide rail 9, the material is sent to a material loading point, the first spring 308 is extruded and stretched through the guide rail vehicle 8, the speed change of the guide rail vehicle 8 is slowed down, thereby preventing the material from shaking, meanwhile, the winding rope of the retractor body 305 is limited through the installed limiting pipe 304, the shaking amplitude of the material is further reduced, then the motor 403 operates to drive the rotating shaft 404 to rotate reversely, further, the two clamping frames 405 are driven to keep away from the material around the axis of the rotating shaft 404, then the L-shaped fixing frames 406 on the clamping frames 405 are released from contact with the material, the elastic force of the second spring 408 acts, the L-shaped fixing frames 406 rotate reversely, the friction plates 407 are driven to keep away from the material, and the auxiliary support of the material is released, then the coiler body 305 works and releases the coiling rope, the connecting block 306 and the clamp installed on the clamp installation block 12 place materials at a feeding point along with the coiling rope release, then the clamp on the clamp installation block 12 releases the clamping of the materials, and then the coiling is carried out through the coiler body 305, the connecting block 306 and the clamp installation block 12 are driven by the coiling rope to move upwards to return, and the automatic feeding process is completed.

It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

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