阅读说明：本技术 一种纤维增强仿生复合材料及其制备方法 (Fiber-reinforced bionic composite material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 韩志武 王宇飞 韩奇钢 张斌杰 张芷嫣 宋文达 于 2020-03-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种纤维增强仿生复合材料及其制备方法,包括：依次纵向交替设置的第一纤维树脂层和第二纤维树脂层；设置在第一纤维树脂层与第二纤维树脂层之间,与第一纤维树脂层和第二纤维树脂层呈层状连接的弯曲纤维树脂层；与弯曲纤维树脂层垂直交叉连接的交叉纤维树脂层；交叉纤维树脂层由交叉编织的斜纹布组成。本申请纤维增强仿生复合材料由于弯曲纤维树脂层按曲线的形状多层铺排,具有均化应力,防止局部应力过大的作用；交叉纤维树脂层由交叉编织的斜纹布组成,且与弯曲纤维树脂层垂直交叉连接,斜纹布中纤维与斜纹布轴线之间存在预设角度,具有防止弯曲纤维树脂层层间剥离的作用,大大提高了材料的抗扭性能。(The invention provides a fiber reinforced bionic composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: the first fiber resin layers and the second fiber resin layers are sequentially and longitudinally arranged alternately; a bent fiber resin layer disposed between the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer and connected to the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer in a layered manner; a cross fiber resin layer vertically cross-connected to the bent fiber resin layer; the crossed fiber resin layer is composed of crossed and woven twill cloth. The fiber-reinforced bionic composite material has the effects of homogenizing stress and preventing overlarge local stress due to the fact that the bent fiber resin layers are laid in a multi-layer mode according to the shape of a curve; the cross fiber resin layer is composed of cross woven twill cloth and is in vertical cross connection with the bent fiber resin layer, a preset angle exists between fibers in the twill cloth and the axis of the twill cloth, the effect of preventing the bent fiber resin layer from being stripped is achieved, and the torsion resistance of the material is greatly improved.)

1. A fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite, comprising: the first fiber resin layers and the second fiber resin layers are sequentially and longitudinally arranged alternately; a curved fiber resin layer provided between the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer and connected to the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer in a layered manner; a cross fiber resin layer vertically cross-connected to the bent fiber resin layer; the crossed fiber resin layer is composed of crossed and woven twill cloth.

2. The fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite of claim 1, wherein the first fiber resin layer, the bent fiber resin layer, the second fiber resin layer, and the intersecting fiber resin layer are comprised of fibers impregnated with resin; the weight percentage content of the fibers in the first fiber resin layer, the bent fiber resin layer, the second fiber resin layer and the crossed fiber resin layer is 40-70%.

3. The fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite of claim 2, wherein the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer are formed by hand laying of unidirectional fibers; the layering direction of the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer is longitudinal; the thickness of the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer is 5 mm.

4. The fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the crossed fiber resin layer is formed by transversely laying twill cloth; the twill is woven in a weaving mode; the included angle between the fibers in the twill cloth and the axis of the twill cloth is +/-45 degrees; the thickness of the crossed fiber resin layer is 5 mm.

5. The fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite material according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the curved fiber resin layer is 3-30 mm; the period of the bent fiber resin layer is 2-12 mm; the amplitude of the bent fiber resin layer is 0.5-2.5 mm.

6. The fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite material according to claim 2, wherein the fiber material is one or more of carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, aramid fiber, Kevlar fiber, hemp fiber, or wood fiber.

7. The fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite of claim 6, wherein the resin is a thermosetting resin or a thermoplastic resin.

8. A preparation method of the fiber reinforced biomimetic composite material as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:

soaking the fiber with resin to form a fiber resin layer;

respectively laying the fiber resin layers into a first fiber resin layer, a second fiber resin layer and a bent fiber resin layer in a manual laying mode;

weaving the surface-treated fibers into twill cloth through weaving, transversely laying the twill cloth, and soaking the twill cloth into resin to obtain a cross fiber resin layer;

cutting a plurality of cracks on the bent fiber resin layer, and vertically inserting the crossed fiber resin layer into the cracks of the bent fiber resin layer to obtain a bent fiber resin layer and a crossed fiber resin layer which are vertically and crossly connected;

the first fiber resin layers, the bent fiber resin layers and the cross fiber resin layers which are vertically and crossly connected and the second fiber resin layers are sequentially and alternately laid in a mold cavity;

and curing the layer structure alternately paved in the mold cavity at a preset temperature and a preset pressure to obtain the fiber-reinforced bionic composite material.

9. The preparation method of the fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite material according to claim 8, wherein a curing agent used in the curing treatment is polyetheramine or isophorone.

10. The preparation method of the fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite material according to claim 9, wherein the preset temperature is 50-300 ℃; the preset pressure is 1-30 MPa; the curing time is 4-20 h.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a fiber-reinforced bionic composite material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

With the continuous development of modern engineering technology, the requirements of the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, rail transit and the like on engineering materials are continuously improved. Compared with the traditional engineering material with large weight, the fiber reinforced composite material has the advantages of light weight, good mechanical property and the like, and is more and more widely applied.

The traditional fiber reinforced composite material has excellent mechanical properties such as bending resistance and tensile resistance, but poor interlayer toughness and obvious anisotropy due to the adoption of a single-direction layering mode, and the fiber reinforced layered composite material has poor torsion resistance and is easy to shear fracture, so that the normal use of related mechanical structures is seriously influenced. Meanwhile, because the weaving forming process of the three-dimensional weaving composite material is complex, the fiber reinforced layered material still serves as an important research direction for light weight design of engineering materials, and the problem to be solved in the current engineering field is how to fully play the light weight characteristics of the fiber composite material, improve the interlaminar toughness of the layered composite material and enhance the complex load capacity such as bending resistance, torsion resistance and the like of the layered composite material.

Therefore, the prior art is subject to further improvement.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fiber reinforced bionic composite material and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems of poor interlayer toughness, obvious anisotropy, poor torsion resistance and easy fracture of the traditional fiber reinforced composite material caused by a single-direction layering mode.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:

a fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite, comprising: the first fiber resin layers and the second fiber resin layers are sequentially and longitudinally arranged alternately; a curved fiber resin layer provided between the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer and connected to the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer in a layered manner; a cross fiber resin layer vertically cross-connected to the bent fiber resin layer; the crossed fiber resin layer is composed of crossed and woven twill cloth.

The fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite material is characterized in that the first fiber resin layer, the bent fiber resin layer, the second fiber resin layer and the crossed fiber resin layer are made of fibers impregnated with resin; the weight percentage content of the fibers in the first fiber resin layer, the bent fiber resin layer, the second fiber resin layer and the crossed fiber resin layer is 40-70%.

The fiber-reinforced bionic composite material is characterized in that the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer are formed by manually layering unidirectional fibers; the layering direction of the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer is longitudinal; the thickness of the first fiber resin layer and the second fiber resin layer is 5 mm.

The fiber-reinforced bionic composite material is characterized in that the crossed fiber resin layer is formed by transversely laying twill cloth; the twill is woven in a weaving mode; the included angle between the fibers in the twill cloth and the axis of the twill cloth is +/-45 degrees; the thickness of the crossed fiber resin layer is 5 mm.

The fiber-reinforced bionic composite material is characterized in that the thickness of the curved fiber resin layer is 3-30 mm; the period of the bent fiber resin layer is 2-12 mm; the amplitude of the bent fiber resin layer is 0.5-2.5 mm.

The fiber reinforced bionic composite material is characterized in that the fiber material is one or more of carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, aramid fiber, Kevlar fiber, fibrilia or wood fiber.

The fiber reinforced bionic composite material is characterized in that the resin is thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin.

The preparation method of the fiber reinforced bionic composite material comprises the following steps:

soaking the fiber with resin to form a fiber resin layer;

respectively laying the fiber resin layers into a first fiber resin layer, a second fiber resin layer and a bent fiber resin layer in a manual laying mode;

weaving the surface-treated fibers into twill cloth through weaving, transversely laying the twill cloth, and soaking the twill cloth into resin to obtain a cross fiber resin layer;

cutting a plurality of cracks on the bent fiber resin layer, and vertically inserting the crossed fiber resin layer into the cracks of the bent fiber resin layer to obtain a bent fiber resin layer and a crossed fiber resin layer which are vertically and crossly connected;

the first fiber resin layers, the bent fiber resin layers and the cross fiber resin layers which are vertically and crossly connected and the second fiber resin layers are sequentially and alternately laid in a mold cavity;

and curing the layer structure alternately paved in the mold cavity at a preset temperature and a preset pressure to obtain the fiber-reinforced bionic composite material.

The preparation method of the fiber reinforced bionic composite material comprises the step of carrying out curing treatment on the composite material by using polyether amine or isophorone as a curing agent.

The preparation method of the fiber reinforced bionic composite material is characterized in that the preset temperature is 50-300 ℃; the preset pressure is 1-30 MPa; the curing time is 4-20 h.

The fiber-reinforced bionic composite material and the preparation method thereof have the beneficial effects that the bent fiber resin layers in the fiber-reinforced bionic composite material are laid in multiple layers according to the shape of a curve, so that the fiber-reinforced bionic composite material has the effects of homogenizing stress and preventing local stress from being overlarge; the cross fiber resin layer is composed of cross woven twill cloth and is in vertical cross connection with the bent fiber resin layer, a preset angle exists between fibers in the twill cloth and the axis of the twill cloth, the effect of preventing the bent fiber resin layer from being stripped is achieved, and the torsion resistance of the material is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a front view of a fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a side view of a fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a first fiber resin layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a second fiber resin layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a staggered layered structure of layers of bent fiber resin and layers of crossed fiber resin provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a curved fiber resin layer lay-up structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a cross-fiber resin layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the structure of fibers in a fiber-reinforced biomimetic composite provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a cross fiber resin layer and a meandering fiber layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a single cross fiber resin layer and a single curved fiber layer crossing perpendicularly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a front view of a single cross-fiber layer perpendicularly crossing a single curved fiber layer as provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a top plan view of a single cross-fiber layer perpendicular to a single curved-fiber layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a twill provided in an embodiment of the present invention, in which an included angle between fibers and an axis of the twill is + -45 °;

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a single layer curved fiber layer layup configuration provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic representation of the monolayer structure of a first fibrous layer and a second fibrous layer provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

Bionic research finds that birds have excellent flight capability and can reliably fly for a long time under complex wind load conditions, wings and feathers of the birds are kept from structural fracture, excellent bending and twisting load resistance of a feather shaft is derived from a unique fiber arrangement hierarchical structure of a cortical layer, the cortical layers on the back side and the ventral side of the feather shaft are axially arranged, bending resistance of the feather shaft is enhanced, fibers of the cortical layers on the side wall are arranged in a crossed mode and form +/-45 degrees with the axial direction, the direction of the fibers is the same as the maximum stress direction of torsion of the feather shaft, the feather shaft is allowed to be twisted, bending stress in the back and belly direction is dispersed, and bending and twisting resistance is enhanced. The mode that the biology improves the mechanical property of the material through mutual coupling and synergistic effect of different hierarchical structures provides a good idea for meeting the requirements of complex loads such as light weight, bending and twisting resistance loads and the like in the field of engineering materials.

Inspired by the structure of a feather shaft of birds in the nature, in order to solve the problems of poor interlayer toughness, obvious anisotropy, poor torsion resistance and easy fracture of the traditional fiber reinforced composite material caused by adopting a single-direction layering mode, the invention provides a fiber reinforced bionic composite material, as shown in figures 1-3 and 9-13, the fiber reinforced bionic composite material comprises: the fiber resin composite comprises a first fiber resin layer 1 and a second fiber resin layer 4 which are sequentially and longitudinally alternately arranged; a curved fiber resin layer 2 provided between the first fiber resin layer 1 and the second fiber resin layer 4 and connected in layers to the first fiber resin layer 1 and the second fiber resin layer 4; a cross fiber resin layer 3 (in the figure, 5 is a resin matrix) perpendicularly cross-connected with the bent fiber resin layer 2; the crossed fiber resin layer 3 is composed of a crossed and woven twill cloth. In the specific use process, the bent fiber resin layers 2 are laid in a plurality of layers according to the shape of a curve, so that the stress is homogenized, and the effect of preventing local overlarge stress is achieved; the cross fiber resin layer 3 is composed of cross woven twill cloth and is in vertical cross connection with the bent fiber resin layer 2, a preset angle exists between fibers in the twill cloth and the central axis of the twill cloth, the function of preventing the bent fiber resin layer 2 from being stripped from layers is achieved, and the torsion resistance of the material is greatly improved.

In one embodiment, the first fiber resin layer 1, the bent fiber resin layer 2, the second fiber resin layer 4, and the crossed fiber resin layer 3 are composed of fibers impregnated with resin; the resin is thermosetting resin or thermoplastic resin; the fiber material is one or more of carbon fiber, glass fiber, basalt fiber, aramid fiber, Kevlar fiber, fibrilia or wood fiber; the weight percentage content of the fibers in the first fiber resin layer 1, the bent fiber resin layer 2, the second fiber resin layer 4 and the crossed fiber resin layer 3 is 40-70%. By impregnating resin, the fiber bundles and the fiber cloth are well combined together through physical and chemical actions, so that the mechanical property of the fiber reinforced bionic composite material is improved.