阅读说明：本技术 去除一氧化碳的设备、具有其的氢燃料电池和车辆 (Apparatus for removing carbon monoxide, hydrogen fuel cell having the same, and vehicle ) 是由 陈建兵 周利 许峻峰 官文静 蒋卫芳 王芳 于 2020-03-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种去除一氧化碳的设备、具有其的氢燃料电池和车辆,设备包括：第一反应装置,其设置有腔室、向腔室中提供水蒸气的水蒸气生成模块、以及与腔室连通的氢气入口和出口；第二反应装置,其腔室中包含有氢氧化钙水溶液,第一、第二反应装置之间通过第一管道连通,第一管道的一端与第一反应装置的出口连通、另一端伸入到氢氧化钙水溶液中；第三反应装置,第二、第三反应装置之间设置有输送模块,输送模块用于将第二反应装置的腔室中的碳酸钙沉淀物输送至第三反应装置中的腔室；第三反应装置中设置有用于对碳酸钙沉淀物进行烘烤的烘烤模块,输送模块还用于将烘烤得到的氧化钙输送至第二反应装置的腔室中。从而能够去除氢气中的一氧化碳。(The present invention provides an apparatus for removing carbon monoxide, a hydrogen fuel cell having the same, and a vehicle, the apparatus including: a first reaction device provided with a chamber, a water vapor generation module that supplies water vapor into the chamber, and a hydrogen gas inlet and outlet that communicate with the chamber; the cavity of the second reaction device contains a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, the first reaction device and the second reaction device are communicated through a first pipeline, one end of the first pipeline is communicated with the outlet of the first reaction device, and the other end of the first pipeline extends into the calcium hydroxide aqueous solution; the conveying module is arranged between the second reaction device and the third reaction device and used for conveying calcium carbonate precipitates in the chamber of the second reaction device to the chamber of the third reaction device; the third reaction device is provided with a baking module for baking calcium carbonate precipitates, and the conveying module is also used for conveying the baked calcium oxide into a chamber of the second reaction device. Thereby enabling the removal of carbon monoxide from the hydrogen.)

1. An apparatus for removing carbon monoxide from hydrogen, comprising:

a first reaction device (1) provided with a chamber, a water vapor generation module that supplies water vapor into the chamber, and a hydrogen gas inlet (11) and outlet (12) that communicate with the chamber;

the chamber of the second reaction device (2) contains a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, the first reaction device and the second reaction device are communicated through a first pipeline (13), one end of the first pipeline (13) is communicated with an outlet (12) of the first reaction device (1), and the other end of the first pipeline (13) extends into the calcium hydroxide aqueous solution;

a third reaction device (3), wherein a conveying module is arranged between the second reaction device and the third reaction device and is used for conveying calcium carbonate precipitates in the chamber of the second reaction device (2) to the chamber of the third reaction device (3); a baking module for baking the calcium carbonate precipitate is arranged in the third reaction device (3), and the conveying module is also used for conveying the baked calcium oxide into a chamber of the second reaction device (2).

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:

the temperature control module is arranged in the first reaction device (1) and adjusts the temperature of the water vapor in the cavity of the first reaction device (1) to 800-.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising:

and the inlet end of the second pipeline (14) extends into the second reaction device (2), the inlet end of the second pipeline does not extend into the calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the outer side of the second pipeline is wrapped with a refrigeration module (4).

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the refrigeration module (4) comprises:

a condensing pipe (41) sleeved on the outer surface of the second pipe (14), and a condensate providing module (42) for providing condensate to the condensing pipe (41).

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein:

in the direction that the inlet end of the second pipeline (14) points to the outlet end, the refrigeration module (4) and the condensation box (5) are sequentially wrapped on the outer side of the second pipeline, a semiconductor refrigeration piece is arranged in the condensation box (5), and the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration piece is in contact with the second pipeline (14).

6. The apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:

the control module and a second temperature sensor (141) are arranged in the outlet end of the second pipeline (14), and when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor (141) is higher than 80 ℃, the semiconductor chilling plate is controlled to work; and when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor (141) is less than 60 ℃, controlling the semiconductor chilling plate to stop working.

7. A hydrogen fuel cell, characterized by comprising:

a hydrogen tank (6), an apparatus for removing carbon monoxide from hydrogen as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and a hydrogen fuel cell tank (7), the hydrogen tank (6) being in communication with an inlet of a first reaction device (1) in the apparatus, an outlet end of a second conduit (14) in the apparatus being in communication with the hydrogen fuel cell tank (7).

8. A vehicle characterized by comprising the hydrogen fuel cell recited in claim 7.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a device for removing carbon monoxide, a hydrogen fuel cell with the device and a vehicle.

Background

The hydrogen fuel cell is a clean energy with great application prospect, and the principle is as follows: the chemical energy of hydrogen and oxygen is directly converted into electric energy, which is the reverse reaction of electrolytic water, hydrogen and oxygen are respectively supplied to an anode and a cathode, and the hydrogen diffuses outwards through the anode and reacts with an electrolyte, and then electrons are released to reach the cathode through an external load, so that the electric energy can be provided.

In a hydrogen fuel cell, a platinum-carbon catalyst is required, and in actual hydrogen gas, carbon monoxide is usually contained, and the carbon monoxide has a great influence on the platinum-carbon catalyst, so that even a few tens of parts per million can poison the platinum-carbon catalyst and damage the hydrogen fuel cell.

Therefore, how to remove carbon monoxide in a hydrogen fuel cell is a problem to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device for removing carbon monoxide, a hydrogen fuel cell with the device and a vehicle.

In order to achieve one of the above objects, an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for removing carbon monoxide from hydrogen, including: a first reaction device provided with a chamber, a water vapor generation module that supplies water vapor into the chamber, and a hydrogen gas inlet and outlet that communicate with the chamber; the cavity of the second reaction device contains a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, the first reaction device and the second reaction device are communicated through a first pipeline, one end of the first pipeline is communicated with the outlet of the first reaction device, and the other end of the first pipeline extends into the calcium hydroxide aqueous solution; the conveying module is arranged between the second reaction device and the third reaction device and used for conveying calcium carbonate precipitates in the chamber of the second reaction device to the chamber of the third reaction device; and a baking module for baking the calcium carbonate precipitate is arranged in the third reaction device, and the conveying module is also used for conveying the baked calcium oxide into a chamber of the second reaction device.

As a further improvement of the embodiment of the present invention, a temperature control module is disposed in the first reaction device, and the temperature control module adjusts the temperature of the water vapor in the chamber of the first reaction device to 800-820 ℃.

As a further improvement of one embodiment of the present invention, the inlet end of the second pipeline extends into the second reaction device, and the inlet end does not extend into the calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the outside of the second pipeline is wrapped with the refrigeration module.

As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the refrigeration module includes: the condensation pipeline is sleeved on the outer surface of the second pipeline, and the condensation liquid providing module is used for providing condensation liquid for the condensation pipeline.

As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, in a direction from an inlet end to an outlet end of the second pipeline, the outside of the second pipeline is sequentially wrapped with the refrigeration module and the condensation box, a semiconductor refrigeration sheet is disposed in the condensation box, and a cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration sheet is in contact with the second pipeline.

As a further improvement of an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further includes: the control module and a second temperature sensor are arranged in the outlet end of the second pipeline, and when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor is higher than 80 ℃, the semiconductor refrigerating sheet is controlled to work; and when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor is less than 60 ℃, controlling the semiconductor chilling plate to stop working.

An embodiment of the present invention further provides a hydrogen fuel cell, including: the hydrogen tank is communicated with the inlet of the first reaction device in the device, and the outlet end of the second pipeline in the device is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell box.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a vehicle which comprises the hydrogen fuel cell.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that: embodiments of the present invention provide an apparatus for removing carbon monoxide, a hydrogen fuel cell and a vehicle having the same, in which carbon monoxide and water vapor are reacted in a first reaction device to remove carbon monoxide and obtain carbon dioxide, and then, in a second reaction device, carbon dioxide is reacted with calcium hydroxide in an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide to remove carbon dioxide; in summary, the apparatus is capable of removing carbon monoxide from hydrogen.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for removing carbon monoxide from hydrogen in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. These embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and structural, methodological, or functional changes made by those skilled in the art according to these embodiments are included in the scope of the present invention.

Terms such as "upper," "above," "lower," "below," and the like, used herein to denote relative spatial positions, are used for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element or feature as illustrated in the figures. The spatially relative positional terms may be intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as "below" or "beneath" other elements or features would then be oriented "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

Also, it should be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements or structures, these described elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish these descriptive objects from one another. For example, a first reaction apparatus may be referred to as a second reaction apparatus, and similarly a second reaction apparatus may also be referred to as a first reaction apparatus, without departing from the scope of the present application.

The embodiment of the invention provides equipment for removing carbon monoxide in hydrogen, which comprises:

a first reaction apparatus 1 provided with a chamber, a water vapor generation module that supplies water vapor into the chamber, and a hydrogen gas inlet 11 and outlet 12 that communicate with the chamber;

here, the first reaction device 1 has a hydrogen inlet 11 and an outlet 12, wherein hydrogen containing carbon monoxide flows into the first reaction device 1 from the hydrogen inlet 11, and the steam generating module provides steam into the chamber, and it can be understood that, at a suitable temperature, carbon monoxide and steam react chemically, and the chemical reaction equation is as follows:

equilibrium constant K ═ C (CO)₂).C(H₂)/C(CO)C(H₂O) ═ X2/(0.01-X)2 ═ 9.4, X ═ 0.0097 mol/L, and carbon monoxide conversion rate ═ 0.0097/0.01 ═ 100% ═ 97%.

The cavity of the second reaction device 2 contains a calcium hydroxide aqueous solution, the first reaction device and the second reaction device are communicated through a first pipeline 13, one end of the first pipeline 13 is communicated with the outlet 12 of the first reaction device 1, and the other end of the first pipeline 13 extends into the calcium hydroxide aqueous solution;

a conveying module is arranged between the second reaction device and the third reaction device and is used for conveying calcium carbonate precipitates in the chamber of the second reaction device 2 to the chamber of the third reaction device 3; a baking module for baking the calcium carbonate precipitate is arranged in the third reaction device 3, and the conveying module is also used for conveying the baked calcium oxide into the chamber of the second reaction device 2.

Here, the hydrogen gas containing carbon dioxide in the first reaction device 1 flows into the calcium hydroxide aqueous solution along the first pipe 13, and at this time, the following chemical reactions occur: CO 2₂+Ca(OH)₂＝CaCO₃↓+H₂O, thereby enabling elimination of carbon dioxide in hydrogen; thereafter CaCO₃Is transferred by the transfer module into the third reaction apparatus 3, in the chamber of the third reaction apparatus 3, CaCO₃Is baked by a baking module to obtain CaO and CO₂Then, CaO is transported by the transport module into the chamber of the second reaction device 2, and the CaO chemically reacts with water in the aqueous calcium hydroxide solution: CaO + H₂O＝Ca(OH)₂。

In summary, the first, second and third reaction units can form a self-circulation system capable of removing carbon monoxide from hydrogen.

In this embodiment, a temperature control module is disposed in the first reaction device 1, and the temperature control module adjusts the temperature of the water vapor in the chamber of the first reaction device 1 to 800-820 ℃. Here, the temperature control module may include a heating module and a first temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature in the chamber, when the temperature is lower than 800 ℃, the heating module is controlled to heat, and when the temperature exceeds 820 ℃, the heating module is controlled to stop heating, so as to ensure that the temperature in the first reaction device 1 is always between 800 ℃ and 820 ℃. Here, in the first reaction device 1, a hydrogen fuel cell management system may be provided, which receives the temperature detected by the first temperature sensor and controls the operation and stop of the heating module.

In this embodiment, the method further includes: a second pipe 14 having an inlet end extending into the second reaction unit 2 and an inlet end not extending into the hydrogen hydroxideIn the calcium water solution, the outside of the calcium water solution is wrapped with a refrigeration module 4. Here, in the second reaction device 2, CaO chemically reacts with water, which is understood to generate much heat energy, and therefore, the temperature of the hydrogen gas flowing out of the second reaction device 2 may be excessively high, and it is necessary to lower the temperature of the hydrogen gas for the convenience of use of the hydrogen fuel cell. Furthermore, it is understood that although the hydrogen in the second pipeline 4 may still contain carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide after being processed by the first, second and third reaction devices, the refrigeration module 4 is used to refrigerate the second pipeline 14, and the reverse reaction of the hydrogen and carbon dioxide can also be prevented (formula: CO)₂+H₂High-temperature CO + H₂O)。

In this embodiment, the refrigeration module 4 includes: a condensing pipe 41 sleeved on the outer surface of the second pipe 14, and a condensate providing module 42 for providing condensate to the condensing pipe 41. Here, the condensate supplying module 42 is configured to supply condensate to the condensing pipe 41, as shown in fig. 1, the condensing pipe 41 is a pipe sleeved outside the second pipe 14 (the condensing pipe is aligned with the extending direction of the second pipe 14), that is, the condensate supplying module 42 supplies condensate with a lower temperature to one end of the condensing pipe 41, the condensate with the lower temperature flows in a space between the inside of the condensing pipe and the outside of the second pipe 14, the temperature of the condensate gradually increases, and then the condensate flows out from the other end of the condensing pipe, and then the condensate with the higher temperature flows into the condensate supplying module 42, and the condensate supplying module 42 cools the condensate to obtain the condensate with the lower temperature. Here, the operation of the condenser providing module 42 may be started, stopped, and the temperature of the condensate outputted may be controlled by the hydrogen fuel cell management system.

In this embodiment, in the direction in which the inlet end of the second pipeline 14 points to the outlet end, the refrigeration module 4 and the condensation box 5 are sequentially wrapped on the outer side of the second pipeline, a semiconductor refrigeration piece is arranged in the condensation box 5, and the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration piece is in contact with the second pipeline 14. Here, if the hydrogen gas flowing out of the outlet port is required to be supplied to the hydrogen fuel cell for use and the hydrogen gas is required to be maintained at an appropriate temperature, the temperature of the flowing hydrogen gas can be adjusted using the condensation tank 5.

In this embodiment, the method further includes: the control module and the second temperature sensor 141 arranged in the outlet end of the second pipeline 14 control the semiconductor chilling plate to work when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 141 is greater than 80 ℃; and when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 141 is less than 60 ℃, controlling the semiconductor chilling plate to stop working. Optionally, the control module is the above-mentioned hydrogen fuel cell management system.

Here, when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 141 is greater than 80 ℃, the semiconductor chilling plate is controlled to operate such that the temperature of the hydrogen gas in the second pipe 14 is lowered to be less than 80 ℃; when the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 141 is less than 60 ℃, the semiconductor refrigeration sheet is controlled to stop working, so that the temperature of the hydrogen in the second pipeline 14 can be increased and is further higher than 60 ℃; in summary, the temperature of the hydrogen gas flowing out of the second pipe 14 is 60 to 80 ℃.

Optionally, when the temperature T detected by the second temperature sensor 141 is less than 60 ℃, the semiconductor chilling plate is controlled to stop working; the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 141 is T, and when T is greater than or equal to 60 ℃ and less than or equal to 80 ℃, the semiconductor refrigeration piece is controlled to operate, that is, the temperature of the cold end of the semiconductor refrigeration piece is controlled to be Temp- (T-60) × K, wherein Temp is less than 60 ℃, 0 is less than or equal to 1, and here, the larger T is, the smaller the temperature is, thereby being beneficial to rapidly reducing the temperature of the hydrogen; the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor 141 is T, and when T >80 ℃, the semiconductor chilling plate is controlled to operate, that is, the temperature of the cold end of the semiconductor chilling plate is controlled to be Temp-20 × K.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell, including: the hydrogen tank 6 is communicated with the inlet of the first reaction device 1 in the device, and the outlet end of the second pipeline 14 in the device is communicated with the hydrogen fuel cell box 7. Here, the hydrogen fuel cell case 7 generates electric power using hydrogen gas.

A third embodiment of the invention provides a vehicle that includes the hydrogen fuel cell described in the second embodiment.

It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.

The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.