阅读说明：本技术 一种镉污染酸性土壤专用石灰质材料及其制法与应用 (Special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil as well as preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 马义兵 方利平 李芳柏 于 2019-12-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种镉污染酸性土壤专用石灰质材料及其制法与应用。所述石灰质材料的组分为生石灰、白云石、石灰石和含锌制剂,所述石灰质材料的组分的重量份数比为生石灰：白云石：石灰石：含锌制剂＝(0.5～1.5)：(2.5～3.5)：(5.5～6.5)：(0.01～0.1)。该石灰质材料组合物能实现兼顾短期和长期土壤酸性调节、减少农作物自身对镉吸收能力、促进农作物生长和提高产量的多功能酸性土壤改良和镉钝化；实现了在不牺牲兼具酸化土壤速效、长效调控作用的同时,补充土壤镁元素,提高土壤结构和提高农作物产量的作用。(The invention discloses a special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil and a preparation method and application thereof. The limestone material comprises the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing preparation (0.5-1.5): (2.5-3.5): (5.5-6.5): (0.01-0.1). The calcareous material composition can realize multifunctional acid soil improvement and cadmium passivation which can realize both short-term and long-term soil acid regulation, reduce the cadmium absorption capacity of crops, promote the growth of the crops and improve the yield; the method realizes the effects of supplementing the magnesium element in the soil, improving the soil structure and increasing the crop yield while having the quick-acting and long-acting regulation and control effects on the acidified soil without sacrificing.)

1. The special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing preparation (0.5-1.5): (2.5-3.5): (5.5-6.5): (0.01-0.1).

2. The special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lime material comprises the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: the zinc-containing preparation is (1-1.5): (3-3.5): (5-6.5): (0.05-0.1).

3. The special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lime material comprises the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing formulation ═ 1: 3: 6: 0.1.

4. the special calcareous material for cadmium-polluted acidic soil according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the zinc-containing preparation comprises more than one of zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc humate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc salt.

5. The preparation method of the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acidic soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: grinding and sieving the quicklime, the dolomite and the limestone respectively; and then uniformly mixing the ground and sieved quicklime, dolomite and limestone with a zinc-containing preparation according to a weight ratio to obtain the zinc-containing preparation.

6. The use of the special calcareous material for cadmium-contaminated acid soil as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 for acid soil improvement and/or cadmium passivation.

7. The application of the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the application method of the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is as follows: before ploughing, uniformly spreading the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil on the surface of the ploughed soil, and immediately ploughing for 20cm to realize that the calcareous material is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil of the plough layer; the application amount of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is 250 kilograms per mu.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and agriculture, and particularly relates to a special calcareous material for cadmium-polluted acid soil, and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

With the problems of settling of atmospheric acid, improper agricultural measures and the like, the soil acidification process is continuously accelerated, the problem of fertility degradation is increasingly prominent, and the growth of crops is severely restricted. More seriously, soil acidification causes a pH drop and activates heavy metals immobilized in the soil, with activation of ions in cationic form, such as cadmium, zinc, magnesium, etc., being particularly prominent. On one hand, the loss of zinc and other nutrient elements seriously affects the normal production and yield of crops; on the other hand, the loss of zinc and magnesium weakens the impedance effect of crops on cadmium, and meanwhile, the absorption and enrichment of crops on cadmium and other heavy metals are promoted by the activation of cadmium and the like.

Chemical methods for realizing acid-base regulation and heavy metal fixation are currently common methods. In view of the advantages of low cost, simple operation and the like, calcareous materials such as quicklime, limestone and the like are main methods for adjusting acid soil and passivating cadmium in China, and the aims of production and treatment of agricultural lands can be fulfilled. These materials, however, suffer from several important drawbacks: 1. quicklime has the effects of quickly adjusting acid soil and passivating cadmium, but is easy to cause crop seedling burning, has the problems of poor stability and the like, and cannot meet the long-term regulation and control on the acid soil and cadmium pollution; 2. the limestone can slowly release the acid soil and cadmium pollution only after being applied for a long time, has good stability, but has unobvious short-term effect and can not meet the production requirement; 3. the existing calcareous material can fix and passivate cadmium in soil by adjusting the pH value of the soil, but because elements such as zinc and the like are lost, the absorption capacity of crops to the cadmium is not weakened, even the problem of enhancement exists, and finally the safety problem of agricultural products with cadmium-polluted acid soil cannot be solved; 4. the existing calcareous material has single component and does not contain nutrient substances. On the premise of ensuring the functions of improving acid soil and passivating cadmium, the existing calcareous material often lacks the multifunctional effects of improving the growth of crops and increasing the yield.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem that the existing acid soil improvement and cadmium passivation are difficult to meet the requirements simultaneously: 1. the invention provides a special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil, which has the advantages of long-term and short-term effects, 2, the technical difficulties of ensuring the normal growth of crops and the safety of agricultural products, and the invention provides a special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil. The calcareous material can realize multifunctional acid soil improvement and cadmium passivation which can realize both short-term and long-term soil acid regulation, reduce the cadmium absorption capacity of crops, promote the growth of the crops and improve the yield.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil.

The invention further aims to provide a using method of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil comprises the following components in parts by weight: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing preparation (0.5-1.5): (2.5-3.5): (5.5-6.5): (0.01-0.1).

Further, the weight parts of the components of the calcareous material are as follows: dolomite: limestone: the zinc-containing preparation is (1-1.5): (3-3.5): (5-6.5): (0.05-0.1).

Further, the weight parts of the components of the calcareous material are as follows: dolomite: limestone: zinc-containing formulation ═ 1: 3: 6: 0.1.

further, the zinc-containing preparation comprises more than one of zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc humate and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid zinc salt.

A preparation method of a special calcareous material for cadmium-polluted acid soil comprises the following steps: grinding and sieving the quicklime, the dolomite and the limestone respectively; and then uniformly mixing the ground and sieved quicklime, dolomite and limestone with a zinc-containing preparation according to a weight ratio to obtain the zinc-containing preparation.

Since the limestone and dolomite used in the present invention must be ground into powder before they are completely dispersed in the soil, it is required that the dolomite and limestone should be entirely sieved through a 20 mesh sieve and a certain proportion pass through a 100 mesh sieve (the proportion is not necessarily limited). After grinding, the components are uniformly mixed in weight ratio to obtain the calcareous material.

The invention also provides an application method of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil, which comprises the following steps: before ploughing, uniformly spreading the special calcareous material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil on the surface of the ploughed soil, and immediately ploughing for 20cm to realize that the calcareous material is fully and uniformly mixed with the soil of the plough layer; the application amount of the special lime material for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is 250 kilograms per mu.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the special lime material for cadmium-polluted acid soil can realize the multifunctional acid soil improvement and cadmium passivation which can realize both short-term and long-term soil acidity regulation, reduce the cadmium absorption capacity of crops, promote the growth of the crops and improve the yield.

2. The invention adopts the combination and the optimal proportion of the quicklime, the dolomite and the limestone, realizes the effects of supplementing the magnesium element of the soil, improving the soil structure and increasing the crop yield while not sacrificing and having the quick-acting and long-acting regulation and control effects on acidified soil.

3. The zinc element in the special calcareous material formula for the cadmium-polluted acid soil is added, so that the effects of further reducing the cadmium content in rice and improving the crop yield are realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a comparison of pH values of three different sets of calcareous materials of example 1 after conditioning acid soils.

FIG. 2 is a comparison of the cadmium content of rice obtained by performing different treatments on acid soil according to example 1, wherein "blank" refers to blank group, "limestone" refers to limestone treatment group, "group 2" refers to group 2 treatment group, and "group 1" refers to group 1 treatment group.

FIG. 3 is a comparison of rice yields for combination 2, limestone treatment group and blank group of example 1, where "blank" refers to blank group, "lime" refers to limestone treatment group, and "combination 2" refers to combination 2 treatment group.

FIG. 4 is a comparison of corn yield for blank, limestone treatment, and combination 2 of example 2, where "blank" refers to blank, "lime" refers to limestone treatment, and "combination 2" refers to combination 2 treatment.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

The raw material requirements used in the following examples are as follows:

the calcium and magnesium oxide content in the quicklime is required to be more than 75 percent, and the heavy metal content is required to be as follows: cd (less than or equal to 1.0mg/kg), Pb (less than or equal to 100mg/kg), Cr (less than or equal to 150mg/kg), As (less than or equal to 30mg/kg) and Hg (2.0 mg/kg). The content of calcium and magnesium oxide in dolomite and limestone is required to be more than 40%, and the content of heavy metal is required to be: cd (less than or equal to 1.0mg/kg), Pb (less than or equal to 100mg/kg), Cr (less than or equal to 150mg/kg), As (less than or equal to 30mg/kg) and Hg (2.0 mg/kg).