阅读说明：本技术 土壤重金属钝化剂及其制备方法和土壤处理药剂 (Soil heavy metal passivator, preparation method thereof and soil treatment agent ) 是由 张敬智 孙曲 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种土壤重金属钝化剂及其制备方法和土壤处理药剂,该土壤重金属钝化剂包括以下质量份的原料：2～5质量份的生物制剂、5～15质量份的海藻精、5～10质量份的气相SiO<Sub>2</Sub>、1～5质量份的壳寡糖；基于所述生物制剂的质量,所述生物制剂由包括4～5质量份的苜蓿粉、2～3质量份的大豆粉和2～3质量份的芦荟粉的混合原料制成。本发明的土壤重金属钝化剂能够作为土壤微生物激活剂,提高土壤微生物活性,利用土壤微生物代谢产生的有机酸及小分子有机物络合、螯合土壤中重金属,降低土壤中重金属的有效性,达到钝化土壤重金属目的。(The invention discloses a soil heavy metal passivator, a preparation method thereof and a soil treatment medicament, wherein the soil heavy metal passivator comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-5 parts by mass of biological agent, 5-15 parts by mass of seaweed extract and 5-10 parts by mass of gas-phase SiO 2 1-5 parts by mass of chitosan oligosaccharide; the biological agent comprises 4-5 parts by mass of alfalfa powder, 2-3 parts by mass of soybean powder and 2-3 parts by mass of aloe powder based on the mass of the biological agentMixing the raw materials. The soil heavy metal passivator can be used as a soil microorganism activator to improve the activity of soil microorganisms, and organic acid and micromolecular organic matters generated by soil microorganism metabolism are used for complexing and chelating heavy metals in soil, so that the effectiveness of the heavy metals in the soil is reduced, and the aim of passivating the heavy metals in the soil is fulfilled.)

1. The soil heavy metal passivator is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-5 parts by mass of biological agent, 5-15 parts by mass of seaweed extract and 5-10 parts by mass of gas-phase SiO₂1-5 parts by mass of chitosan oligosaccharide; the biological agent is prepared from a mixed raw material comprising 4-5 parts by mass of alfalfa meal, 2-3 parts by mass of soybean meal and 2-3 parts by mass of aloe meal based on the mass of the biological agent.

2. The soil heavy metal passivator of claim 1, wherein the biological agent is prepared from the mixed raw materials by low temperature extraction, and the temperature of the low temperature extraction is not higher than 30 ℃.

3. The soil heavy metal passivator of claim 1, wherein the mixed raw material further comprises 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of seaweed meal based on the mass of the biological agent.

4. The soil heavy metal passivator of claim 3, wherein the seaweed powder is prepared from seaweed which is brown algae.

5. The soil heavy metal passivator of claim 4, wherein the brown algae are Ascophyllum nodosum.

6. The soil heavy metal passivator of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the particle size of the chitosan oligosaccharide is more than or equal to 200 mesh.

7. The soil heavy metal passivator of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the grain size of the algae essence is more than or equal to 80 mesh.

8. The method for preparing the soil heavy metal passivator of any one of claims 1-7, characterized by comprising the following steps: taking the gas phase SiO₂Adsorbing the biological preparation, adding the chitosan oligosaccharide and the seaweed extract, and uniformly mixing.

9. A crop planting method using the soil heavy metal passivator of any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the soil heavy metal passivator is uniformly sprayed on the soil surface 2-7 days before the crop is planted; or spraying or flushing after 0-3 days of crop planting.

10. A soil treatment agent comprising the soil heavy metal passivator of any one of claims 1 to 7.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil heavy metal remediation, in particular to a soil heavy metal passivator, a preparation method thereof and a soil treatment agent.

Background

The soil heavy metal pollution refers to soil pollution which is characterized in that heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Mn and Cu in the soil are accumulated in the soil to exceed a certain range, certain toxicity is generated on crops, or the content of agricultural products exceeds the standard, and the body health of people is seriously affected.

The main approach of farmland heavy metal pollution in China is industrial wastewater with the content of heavy metal exceeding the standard, waste residues are directly discharged without being treated, and irrigation water flows into farmland soil along with underground water; industrial waste gas, automobile exhaust and waste gas generated by other ways enter farmlands along with rainwater and atmospheric settlement; pesticides, chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizers and farmyard manure with excessive heavy metal content enter soil through fertilization. The results of the first national soil pollution condition survey (4 months-12 months in 2013 in 2005) show that the standard exceeding rates of the pollution point positions of 8 heavy metals such As Cd, Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Cr, Zn, Ni and the like are 7.0%, 1.6%, 2.7%, 2.1%, 1.5%, 1.1%, 0.9% and 4.8% respectively, and the influence on the soil ecological environment and grain production safety in China is verified. Due to the complexity and diversity of heavy metal pollution of soil, the effect of heavy metal remediation on soil is very little at present. The conventional treatment techniques mainly include (1) plant enrichment methods. The method has the advantages that the heavy metals in the soil are enriched by planting the plants, the content of the effective heavy metals in the soil is reduced, the aim of repairing is achieved, the method is green and environment-friendly, the heavy metals in the soil can be eradicated, different plants usually only have an enrichment effect on one heavy metal and cannot comprehensively remove all the heavy metals in the soil, and the method is large in workload and high in cost, so that the method is difficult to popularize on a large scale. (2) Chemical method. By adding the chemical reagent into the soil, the heavy metal in the soil is precipitated or converted into a soluble state, so that the effectiveness of the heavy metal is reduced or the heavy metal is dissolved into underground water, the method can quickly reduce the content of the heavy metal in the soil, but the chemical reagent usually has single property and cannot have an effect on all the heavy metals, and in addition, the method is easy to generate secondary pollution. (3) A microbiological method. Exogenous microorganisms are added into the soil, and organic acid and humus generated by the microorganisms are utilized to complex heavy metals in the soil, so that the aim of passivating the soil is fulfilled. This method is theoretically possible, but due to the complexity of the soil environment, it is difficult for exogenous microorganisms to survive in the soil, so that the method is limited in use.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a soil heavy metal passivator, a preparation method thereof and a soil treatment agent, and the soil heavy metal passivator can effectively reduce the content of heavy metals in crops and soil.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the invention provides a soil heavy metal passivator in a first aspect, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 2-5 parts by mass of biological agent, 5-15 parts by mass of seaweed extract and 5-10 parts by mass of gas-phase SiO₂1-5 parts by mass of chitosan oligosaccharide; the biological agent is prepared from a mixed raw material comprising 4-5 parts by mass of alfalfa meal, 2-3 parts by mass of soybean meal and 2-3 parts by mass of aloe meal based on the mass of the biological agent. Using gas phase SiO₂Besides the adsorption effect, the adsorption material also has the function of dispersion, and the caking phenomenon can occur when other adsorption materials are used through tests.

The seaweed extract is prepared by extracting and refining marine organism seaweed serving as a main raw material. In the production process of the seaweed essence, the method for digesting the seaweed bodies mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method and a biological method, wherein the physical method is also called a mechanical crushing method and adopts physical means such as high-pressure grinding, crushing and the like, the chemical method mainly comprises organic solvent and alkaline hydrolysis extraction, and the biological method mainly comprises microbial fermentation and enzymolysis. Preferably, the algal essence is prepared by enzymolysis.

According to the soil heavy metal passivator of some embodiments of the invention, the biological preparation is prepared from the mixed raw materials by low-temperature extraction, and the temperature of the low-temperature extraction is not higher than 30 ℃.

According to the soil heavy metal passivator provided by some embodiments of the invention, the mixed raw material further comprises 0.5-1.5 parts by mass of seaweed meal based on the mass of the biological preparation.

According to the soil heavy metal passivator of some embodiments of the invention, the seaweed powder is prepared from seaweed which is brown algae.

According to some embodiments of the soil heavy metal passivator, the brown algae are Ascophyllum nodosum.

According to some embodiments of the soil heavy metal passivator, the chitosan oligosaccharide has a particle size of 200 meshes or more.

According to the soil heavy metal passivator of some embodiments of the invention, the grain size of the algae essence is more than or equal to 80 meshes.

In a second aspect of the invention, a preparation method of the soil heavy metal passivator is provided, which comprises the following steps: taking the gas phase SiO₂Adsorbing the biological preparation, adding the chitosan oligosaccharide and the seaweed extract, and uniformly mixing.

In a third aspect of the invention, the invention provides a crop planting method using the soil heavy metal passivator, wherein the soil heavy metal passivator is uniformly sprayed on the soil surface 2-7 days before the crops are planted; or spraying or flushing after 0-3 days of crop planting. The soil heavy metal passivator provided by the embodiment of the invention is convenient to use and can be applied by flushing and spraying.

In a fourth aspect of the invention, a soil treatment agent is provided, which comprises the soil heavy metal passivator.

According to the soil treatment agent of some embodiments of the present invention, the soil heavy metal passivator may be used in combination with a chemical fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a herbicide, a microbial agent, or the like to form a soil treatment agent.

The embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the embodiment of the invention provides a soil heavy metal passivator which is prepared by selecting appropriate raw materials and proportion and carrying out gas-phase SiO₂The material after absorbing the biological agent can be used as a soil microorganism activator to improve the activity of soil microorganisms and awaken the soil indigenous microorganisms, and then the seaweed and the chitosan oligosaccharide provide carbon sources required by the life of the microorganisms to ensure that the soil microorganisms can be rapidly propagated in the soil and utilizedOrganic acid and micromolecular organic matters generated by soil microorganism metabolism are complexed and chelated with heavy metal in soil, the effectiveness of the heavy metal in the soil is reduced, the aim of passivating the heavy metal in the soil is achieved, meanwhile, the mass propagation of the microorganisms can be beneficial to the formation of a soil aggregate structure, the soil texture is loose, the leaching loss of the heavy metal in the soil is facilitated, the content of the heavy metal in agricultural products is reduced, and the yield and the quality of the agricultural products are improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the results of experiments on the effect of different treatment methods on the fresh weight of an individual plant in effect example 2;

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the experimental results of the effect of different treatment methods on the nitrate content in cabbage in effect example 2;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the experimental results of the effect of different treatment methods on the VC content of the flowering cabbage in example 2.

Detailed Description

The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.

The seaweed used in the following examples was purchased from leading bio-agricultural technologies, ltd.