阅读说明：本技术 一种耐烧蚀吸波防滑耐磨复合涂层及其制备方法 (Ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating and preparation method thereof ) 是由 尹雨晨 孙伟华 张永生 戚鹏 叶辉 曾一兵 于 2019-11-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种耐烧蚀吸波防滑耐磨复合涂层及其制备方法,属于特种功能涂层领域,该复合涂层包括防腐蚀底层、耐烧蚀吸波夹心层、防滑耐磨层、耐老化面层,所述的复合涂层通过层间厚度协同匹配设计,形成多功能兼容一体化的涂层,与传统防滑涂层相比,本发明工艺简单,提供的复合涂层在8～18GHz频段反射率≤-7dB,具有较低的线烧蚀速率和良好的抗老化性能,磨损前后静摩擦系数均≥1.10,且能够通过GJB150环境试验考核,涂层设计方案具有显著的技术进步性。(The invention provides an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of special functional coatings, wherein the composite coating comprises an anti-corrosion bottom layer, an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer, an anti-skid wear-resistant layer and an anti-aging surface layer, and the composite coating is designed by the synergistic matching of the thicknesses of the layers to form a multifunctional compatible integrated coating.)

1. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating is characterized in that: the composite coating comprises an anti-corrosion bottom layer, an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer, an anti-skid wear-resistant layer and an aging-resistant surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the wave-absorbing and wave-absorbing sandwich structure comprises a base material, an anti-corrosion bottom layer, an anti-ablation wave-absorbing sandwich layer and a wave-absorbing layer, wherein the anti-corrosion bottom layer is coated on the surface of the base material, the anti-ablation wave-absorbing sandwich layer is a five-layer sandwich structure consisting of three anti-ablation layers and two wave-absorbing stealth layers, one wave-absorbing stealth layer is coated on the surface between every two anti-ablation layers, and the lowest anti-ablation.

2. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the anti-corrosion bottom layer is obtained by coating an anti-corrosion primer on the surface of a base material, and the thickness of a dry film is controlled to be 50-150 mu m;

the thickness of the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer is controlled to be 2.3-4.3 mm; the ablation-resistant layer is made of an ablation-resistant layer coating, and the ablation-resistant layer coating comprises high-temperature-resistant resin, an ablation-resistant filler, a flame-retardant filler, a solvent and a curing agent; the wave-absorbing stealth layer is made of wave-absorbing stealth layer coating, and the wave-absorbing stealth layer coating comprises high-temperature-resistant resin, a curing agent, a solvent and wave-absorbing fiber felt;

the anti-skid wear-resistant layer is obtained by coating anti-skid wear-resistant layer paint on the surface of the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer, and the thickness is controlled to be 150-500 mu m; the anti-skid wear-resistant layer coating comprises high-temperature-resistant resin, a curing agent, a solvent and anti-skid granules;

the anti-aging surface layer is formed by coating an anti-aging finish on the surface of the anti-skid wear-resistant layer, and the thickness of a dry film is controlled to be 50-150 mu m.

3. The preparation method of the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing skid-resistant wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the anti-corrosion wave-absorbing sandwich coating comprises an anti-corrosion bottom layer, an anti-ablation wave-absorbing sandwich layer, an anti-skidding wear-resistant layer and an anti-aging surface layer, and is prepared by the following specific steps:

(1) preparing an anti-corrosion bottom layer: uniformly coating the surface of the base material with an anti-corrosion primer for 2-4 times, and controlling the thickness of a dry film to be 50-150 mu m;

(2) preparing an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer:

① preparing a first ablation-resistant layer, namely weighing 40-60 parts by mass of high-temperature-resistant resin, 35-70 parts by mass of ablation-resistant filler, 5-15 parts by mass of flame-retardant filler and 4-40 parts by mass of solvent, stirring for 60-120 min at a speed of 240-720 r/min, stirring and premixing, adding 20-40 parts by mass of curing agent, stirring fully for 5-20 min to prepare an ablation-resistant layer coating, uniformly coating the ablation-resistant layer coating on the surface of an anti-corrosion bottom layer, controlling the thickness to be 0.5-1.0 mm, and drying after coating is finished;

② preparing a second wave-absorbing stealth layer, namely weighing 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin, 20-40 parts of curing agent and 30-70 parts of solvent according to parts by mass, fully stirring and mixing for 5-20 min to obtain a mixture, then uniformly roll-coating the mixture on the first anti-ablation layer, then paving a wave-absorbing fiber felt, and roll-coating the wave-absorbing fiber felt until the high-temperature-resistant resin fully infiltrates the surface of the wave-absorbing fiber felt to obtain the second wave-absorbing stealth layer with the thickness controlled at 0.3-0.6 mm, and drying to perform the next step;

③ preparing a third anti-ablation layer, namely continuously coating the anti-ablation layer coating on the surface of the wave-absorbing stealth layer of the second layer according to the preparation method of step ①, wherein the thickness is controlled to be 0.6-1.0 mm;

④ preparing a fourth wave-absorbing stealth layer, namely weighing 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin, 20-40 parts of curing agent and 30-70 parts of solvent according to parts by mass, fully stirring and mixing for 5-20 min to obtain a mixture, then uniformly roll-coating the mixture on the surface of the third anti-ablation layer, then paving a wave-absorbing fiber felt, and roll-coating the wave-absorbing fiber felt until the high-temperature-resistant resin fully infiltrates the surface of the wave-absorbing fiber felt to obtain the fourth wave-absorbing stealth layer with the thickness controlled at 0.3-0.6 mm, and drying to perform the next step;

⑤ preparing a fifth anti-ablation layer, namely continuously coating an anti-ablation layer coating on the surface of the wave-absorbing stealth layer of the fourth layer according to the preparation method of step ①, wherein the thickness is controlled to be 0.6-1.1 mm;

(3) preparing an anti-skid wear-resistant layer:

weighing 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin, 20-40 parts of curing agent, 0-40 parts of solvent and 50-100 parts of anti-skid aggregate according to the mass parts, fully stirring for 5-20 min to obtain an anti-skid wear-resistant layer coating, and then uniformly coating the anti-skid wear-resistant layer coating on the surface of the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer for 1-4 times, wherein the thickness is controlled to be 150-500 mu m;

(4) preparation of an ageing-resistant surface layer

And (3) uniformly coating 1-3 times of the anti-aging finish on the surface of the anti-skid wear-resistant layer, and controlling the thickness of the dry film to be 50-150 mu m to obtain the anti-ablation wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating.

4. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: the anti-corrosion primer is prepared by adding anti-corrosion filler into epoxy resin or modified epoxy resin serving as a film forming material.

5. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 4, characterized in that: the modified epoxy resin comprises one of phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, acrylic acid modified epoxy resin and epoxy phosphate resin.

6. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 4, characterized in that: the anti-corrosion filler is selected from one or more of iron oxide red, talcum powder, mica powder, barium sulfate, mica iron oxide, strontium chromate, zinc molybdate, zinc phosphate, aluminum tripolyphosphate, phosphomolybdate, titanium dioxide, kaolin, silica micropowder, alumina, calcium carbonate and zinc oxide.

7. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 6, characterized in that: the anti-corrosion filler is selected from one or a combination of iron oxide red, micaceous iron oxide, strontium chromate, zinc molybdate, aluminum tripolyphosphate, talcum powder and mica powder.

8. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: the high-temperature resistant resin comprises one or more of phenol type novolac epoxy resin, o-cresol type novolac epoxy resin, bisphenol A type novolac epoxy resin, organic silicon modified epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy resin and low bromine-containing epoxy resin.

9. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing antiskid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 3, wherein the ablation-resistant filler is selected from one or a combination of more of fused zirconia, α -alumina, magnesia, barium phenolic, fumed silica, iron oxide red, quartz powder, mica powder, chromium oxide, zinc oxide, chopped carbon fibers, high silica glass fibers, basalt fibers and mullite fibers.

10. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: the flame-retardant filler is one or a combination of more of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, antimony trioxide, hydrotalcite, montmorillonite and diatomite.

11. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: the solvent is selected from one or a combination of more of cyclohexanone, butyl acetate, butanone, acetone and xylene; the curing agent is a polyamide curing agent.

12. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: the wave-absorbing fiber mat is prepared by adding an absorbent with the total mass of 0.1-5% of glass fiber and binder in the process of preparing, mixing and dispersing the glass fiber mat, dispersing and drying; the absorbent is one or a combination of carbon powder, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes or iron fiber.

13. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: the anti-skid granular material is selected from one or a combination of more of carborundum, brown corundum and quartz sand.

14. The ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating according to claim 3, characterized in that: the anti-aging finish paint is selected from one of fluorocarbon finish paint, organic silicon modified epoxy finish paint, epoxy modified organic silicon finish paint, hydroxyl polyester polyurethane finish paint and hydroxyl acrylic polyurethane finish paint.

Technical Field

The invention relates to an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of special functional coatings.

Background

With the development of new generation weaponry, the target detection technology is becoming mature day by day, and for naval vessels, improving the penetration capability is an effective means for guaranteeing the existence of the vessels in modern sea warfare, and the stealth structure design and the application of radar wave-absorbing materials are increasingly paid attention by various countries. The radar stealth technology is a technology for weakening, restraining, absorbing and deflecting target electromagnetic waves through certain specific materials. The wave-absorbing coating is a convenient and economic wave-absorbing material, is originally developed for radar wave-absorbing requirements of aerospace and aviation aircrafts, but with the development of scientific technology and the progress of social economy, the wave-absorbing coating is popularized and applied to ground equipment and ocean equipment.

Nowadays, China forms an aircraft carrier combat group with 'Liaoning number' as a core and various types of destroyers and guardships as a ladder team, advanced weapons such as naval missiles are equipped, but navy equipment has poor concealment to various detection signals such as radar and infrared, the fighting capacity of navy equipment is restricted to a great extent, the 'Liaoning number' still continues to use a conventional anti-skid coating, and the detectable distance is greatly increased for high-resolution radars.

In the 80's of the last century, the united states first developed an anti-skid coating for military equipment to solve the problem of safe take-off and landing of aircraft on aircraft carriers. The research and development of the anti-skid coating for the deck of the foreign shipboard aircraft introduce the anti-skid coating technology for the deck of the foreign shipboard aircraft, the resin-based anti-skid coating can generally bear 5000-15000 times of landing impact of the large jet fighter, and resin is used as a binder, and talcum powder, fiber filler and the like are added to prepare a single-coating structure. China also develops the development of anti-skid coatings, and Al published by Jiangyin Osaka corporation₂O₃Influence of antiskid granules on antiskid and abrasion performance of antiskid coating, adding 18-36 mesh Al into epoxy resin₂O₃The granules are used for preparing the anti-skid coating, the dry static friction of the coating can reach 1.25, the wet static friction of the coating is more than or equal to 0.95, and the anti-skid coating has good anti-skid performance.

To the military service of novel fighter, not only require anti-skidding coating to have antiskid wear-resisting effect, still need improve anti-ablation performance and the radar wave absorption performance of anti-skidding coating simultaneously to guarantee can bear or endure the high temperature that take-off and landing friction produced and erode and reduce the detectable distance of radar. At present, the technology and the service life of the anti-skid coating are greatly improved, but the multifunctional integration of wave absorption and heat prevention is not reported.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems that the existing ship deck surface anti-skid coating does not have high-temperature ablation resistance, radar stealth performance and the like, the invention develops a multifunctional special coating product integrating radar wave absorption, ablation resistance, corrosion resistance, skid resistance and wear resistance by improving and optimizing the existing anti-skid coating through the synergistic matching design of multiple layers of materials.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows:

an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating comprises an anti-corrosion bottom layer, an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer, an anti-skid wear-resistant layer and an anti-aging surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the wave-absorbing and wave-absorbing sandwich structure comprises a base material, an anti-corrosion bottom layer, an anti-ablation wave-absorbing sandwich layer and a wave-absorbing layer, wherein the anti-corrosion bottom layer is coated on the surface of the base material, the anti-ablation wave-absorbing sandwich layer is a five-layer sandwich structure consisting of three anti-ablation layers and two wave-absorbing stealth layers, one wave-absorbing stealth layer is coated on the surface between every two anti-ablation layers, and the lowest anti-ablation.

The anti-corrosion bottom layer is obtained by coating an anti-corrosion primer on the surface of a base material, and the thickness of a dry film is controlled to be 50-150 mu m;

the thickness of the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer is controlled to be 2.3-4.3 mm; the ablation-resistant layer is made of an ablation-resistant layer coating, and the ablation-resistant layer coating comprises high-temperature-resistant resin, an ablation-resistant filler, a flame-retardant filler, a solvent and a curing agent; the wave-absorbing stealth layer is made of wave-absorbing stealth layer coating, and the wave-absorbing stealth layer coating comprises high-temperature-resistant resin, a curing agent, a solvent and wave-absorbing fiber felt;

the anti-skid wear-resistant layer is obtained by coating anti-skid wear-resistant paint on the surface of the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer, and the thickness is controlled to be 150-500 mu m; the anti-skid wear-resistant coating comprises high-temperature-resistant resin, a curing agent, a solvent and anti-skid granules.

The anti-aging surface layer is formed by coating an anti-aging finish on the surface of the anti-skid wear-resistant layer, and the thickness of a dry film is controlled to be 50-150 mu m.

The ablation-resistant layer coating comprises: high-temperature resistant resin: 40-60 parts of ablation-resistant filler: 35-70 parts of flame-retardant filler: 5-15 parts of solvent: 4-40 parts of curing agent: 20-40 parts by mass.

The wave-absorbing stealth layer coating comprises: the high-temperature resistant resin comprises the following components in parts by mass: 40-60 parts of curing agent: 20-40 parts of a solvent: 30-70 parts of a solvent; wave-absorbing fiber felt: 2 layers.

The antiskid wear-resistant coating comprises: high-temperature resistant resin: 40-60 parts of curing agent: 20-40 parts of solvent, 0-40 parts of anti-skid granules: 50-100 parts by mass.

The anti-corrosion primer is prepared by taking epoxy resin or modified epoxy resin as a film forming material and adding anti-corrosion filler, and the preparation method of the anti-corrosion primer adopts a conventional preparation method in the field.

The modified epoxy resin comprises one of phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, acrylic acid modified epoxy resin and epoxy phosphate resin.

The anti-corrosion filler is selected from one or more of iron oxide red, talcum powder, mica powder, barium sulfate, mica iron oxide, strontium chromate, zinc molybdate, zinc phosphate, aluminum tripolyphosphate, phosphomolybdate, titanium dioxide, kaolin, silica micropowder, alumina, calcium carbonate and zinc oxide.

Preferably, the anti-corrosion filler is selected from one or a combination of iron oxide red, micaceous iron oxide, strontium chromate, zinc molybdate, aluminum tripolyphosphate, talcum powder and mica powder.

The high-temperature resistant resin comprises one or more of phenol type novolac epoxy resin, o-cresol type novolac epoxy resin, bisphenol A type novolac epoxy resin, organic silicon modified epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy resin and low bromine-containing epoxy resin.

The ablation-resistant filler is selected from one or a combination of more of fused zirconia, α -alumina, magnesia, barium phenolic aldehyde, fumed silica, iron oxide red, quartz powder, mica powder, chromium oxide, zinc oxide, chopped carbon fiber, high silica glass fiber, basalt fiber and mullite fiber.

The flame-retardant filler is one or a combination of more of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, antimony trioxide, hydrotalcite, montmorillonite and diatomite.

The solvent is selected from one or a combination of a plurality of cyclohexanone, butyl acetate, butanone, acetone and xylene.

The curing agent is a polyamide curing agent.

The wave-absorbing fiber mat is prepared by adding an absorbent with the total mass of 0.1-5% of glass fiber and binder in the process of preparing, mixing and dispersing the glass fiber mat, dispersing and drying, wherein the preparation method of the wave-absorbing fiber mat is a conventional method in the field of papermaking, the absorbent is one or a combination of carbon powder, carbon fiber, carbon nano-tube or iron fiber, and the binder is a binder commonly used in the field.

The anti-skid granular material is selected from one or a combination of emery, brown corundum sand and quartz sand, preferably brown corundum sand, and the particle size is further limited to 16-24 meshes.

The anti-aging finish paint is selected from one of fluorocarbon finish paint, organic silicon modified epoxy finish paint, epoxy modified organic silicon finish paint, hydroxyl polyester polyurethane finish paint and hydroxyl acrylic polyurethane finish paint.

The preparation method of the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating comprises an anti-corrosion bottom layer, an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer, an anti-skid wear-resistant layer and an anti-aging surface layer, and comprises the following specific preparation steps of:

(1) preparing an anti-corrosion bottom layer: uniformly coating the surface of the base material with an anti-corrosion primer for 2-4 times, and controlling the thickness of a dry film to be 50-150 mu m;

(2) preparing an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer:

① preparing a first ablation-resistant layer, namely weighing 40-60 parts by mass of high-temperature-resistant resin, 35-70 parts by mass of ablation-resistant filler, 5-15 parts by mass of flame-retardant filler and 4-40 parts by mass of solvent, stirring for 60-120 min at a speed of 240-720 r/min, stirring and premixing, adding 20-40 parts by mass of curing agent, stirring fully for 5-20 min to prepare an ablation-resistant layer coating, uniformly coating the ablation-resistant layer coating on the surface of an anti-corrosion bottom layer, controlling the thickness to be 0.5-1.0 mm, and drying after coating is finished;

② preparing a second wave-absorbing stealth layer, namely weighing 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin, 20-40 parts of curing agent and 30-70 parts of solvent according to parts by mass, fully stirring and mixing for 5-20 min to obtain a mixture, then uniformly roll-coating the mixture on the surface of the first wave-absorbing layer, then paving a wave-absorbing fiber felt, and roll-coating the wave-absorbing fiber felt until the high-temperature-resistant resin fully infiltrates the surface of the wave-absorbing fiber felt to obtain the second wave-absorbing stealth layer with the thickness controlled at 0.3-0.6 mm, and drying to perform the next step;

③ preparing a third anti-ablation layer, namely continuously coating the anti-ablation layer coating on the surface of the wave-absorbing stealth layer of the second layer according to the preparation method of step ①, wherein the thickness is controlled to be 0.6-1.0 mm;

④ preparing a fourth wave-absorbing stealth layer, namely weighing 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin, 20-40 parts of curing agent and 30-70 parts of solvent according to parts by mass, fully stirring and mixing for 5-20 min to obtain a mixture, then uniformly roll-coating the mixture on the surface of the third anti-ablation layer, then paving a wave-absorbing fiber felt, and roll-coating the wave-absorbing fiber felt until the high-temperature-resistant resin fully infiltrates the surface of the wave-absorbing fiber felt to obtain the fourth wave-absorbing stealth layer with the thickness controlled at 0.3-0.6 mm, and drying to perform the next step;

⑤ preparing a fifth anti-ablation layer, namely continuously coating an anti-ablation layer coating on the surface of the wave-absorbing stealth layer of the fourth layer according to the preparation method of step ①, wherein the thickness is controlled to be 0.6-1.1 mm;

(3) preparing an anti-skid wear-resistant layer:

weighing 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin, 20-40 parts of curing agent, 0-40 parts of solvent and 50-100 parts of anti-skid aggregate according to the mass parts, fully stirring for 5-20 min to obtain a mixture, and then uniformly coating the mixture on the surface of the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer for 1-4 times, wherein the thickness is controlled to be 150-500 mu m;

(4) preparation of an ageing-resistant surface layer

And (3) uniformly coating 1-3 times of the anti-aging finish on the surface of the anti-skid wear-resistant layer, and controlling the thickness of the dry film to be 50-150 mu m to obtain the anti-ablation wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating.

The composite coating prepared by the invention can be coated on the base material for construction, and can also be adhered on the surface of the base material after being prefabricated and molded.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the invention makes a design scheme of an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing antiskid wear-resistant composite coating by the synergistic matching design of a plurality of layers of materials, and the composite coating is formed by coating 4 layers in sequence:

the corrosion-proof bottom layer is used as a sealing connecting layer, and plays a role in physical shielding or chemical complexing through the anti-corrosion filler, so that the corrosion-proof bottom layer plays a good role in corrosion prevention on metal base materials such as aluminum alloy or steel;

the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer is of a multilayer sandwich structure formed by an ablation-resistant layer and a wave-absorbing stealth layer, an absorbent is added into the wave-absorbing fiber felt to obtain specific electromagnetic parameters, the high wave-absorbing capacity of the radar wave band is given to the wave-absorbing fiber felt layer through the thickness matching of the 5-layer sandwich structure, the thickness matching is determined by adjusting the reflectivity realized by the thicknesses of different layers, and the scheme can realize the effect that the reflectivity of the 8-18GHz frequency band is less than or equal to minus 7 dB;

the anti-skid wear-resistant layer is formed by bonding anti-skid granules with different particle sizes by using high-strength resin, and the particle size and the content of the anti-skid granules are limited, so that the anti-skid layer can be ensured to have higher static friction coefficient;

and the aging-resistant layer is made of resin system finish paint with excellent aging resistance, so that the yellowing resistance and the degradability are improved, the service life of the product is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced.

(2) The 4-layer main body structure adopts resin with good matching property as film forming matter, wherein the anti-corrosion bottom layer, the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer and the anti-skid wear-resistant layer adopt resin with epoxy or phenolic functional groups, have extremely high interlayer bonding strength which can generally reach more than 10MPa, and have good compatibility with an aging-resistant surface resin system.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing antiskid wear-resistant composite coating of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples:

an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating comprises an anti-corrosion bottom layer, an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer, an anti-skid wear-resistant layer and an anti-aging surface layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top; the anti-corrosion bottom layer is coated on the surface of a base material, the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer is a five-layer sandwich structure consisting of three ablation-resistant layers and two wave-absorbing stealth layers, one wave-absorbing stealth layer is coated on the surface between every two ablation-resistant layers, the lowest ablation-resistant layer is coated on the surface of the anti-corrosion bottom layer, and the composite coating structure is shown in figure 1.

A preparation method of an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing antiskid wear-resistant composite coating comprises an anti-corrosion bottom layer, an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer, an antiskid wear-resistant layer and an aging-resistant surface layer, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing an anti-corrosion bottom layer: polishing and flattening the base material or performing sand blasting treatment to reach the standard of Sa2.5 grade or above, cleaning until the surface is free of oil stains, cleaning and drying for later use, uniformly coating an anti-corrosion primer for 2-4 times by adopting a spraying or brushing mode, wherein the thickness of a dry film is 50-150 mu m;

(2) preparing an ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer:

① preparing a first ablation-resistant layer, which is to weigh 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin, 35-70 parts of ablation-resistant filler, 5-15 parts of flame-retardant filler and 4-40 parts of solvent in a proportioning cylinder, stir for 60-120 min at 240-720 r/min under a high-speed stirrer or a kneader, stir and premix, then add 20-40 parts of curing agent, fully stir for 5-20 min to prepare an ablation-resistant layer coating, uniformly coat the ablation-resistant layer coating on the surface of an anti-corrosion bottom layer in a roller coating manner, control the thickness to be 0.5-1.0 mm, air-dry for 48h at room temperature after coating is finished, or dry for 4-8 h at 60-80 ℃ for drying, and polish or repair-level after 36# -60# abrasive paper is adopted when the coating is over-thick or is insufficient compared with the designed thickness;

② preparing a second wave-absorbing stealth layer, namely weighing 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin, 20-40 parts of curing agent and 30-70 parts of solvent by mass, fully stirring for 5-20 min to obtain a mixture, then uniformly roll-coating the mixture on the surface of the first anti-ablation layer, then paving a wave-absorbing fiber felt, and roll-coating the wave-absorbing fiber felt until the high-temperature-resistant resin fully infiltrates the surface of the wave-absorbing fiber felt, controlling the thickness to be 0.3-0.6 mm, and after coating, airing at room temperature for 48 hours, or drying at 60-80 ℃ for 4-8 hours for drying, and then carrying out the next construction;

③ preparing a third anti-ablation layer, namely continuously coating the anti-ablation layer coating on the surface of the wave-absorbing stealth layer of the second layer according to the preparation method of step ①, wherein the thickness is controlled to be 0.6-1.0 mm;

④ preparing a fourth wave-absorbing stealth layer, namely weighing 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin, 20-40 parts of curing agent and 30-70 parts of solvent according to parts by mass, fully stirring and mixing for 5-20 min to obtain a mixture, then uniformly roll-coating the mixture on the surface of the third anti-ablation layer, then paving a wave-absorbing fiber felt, and roll-coating the wave-absorbing fiber felt until the high-temperature-resistant resin fully infiltrates the surface of the wave-absorbing fiber felt to obtain the fourth wave-absorbing stealth layer with the thickness controlled at 0.3-0.6 mm, and drying to perform the next step;

⑤ preparation of the fifth ablation resistant layer, coating the fourth wave-absorbing stealth layer with an ablation resistant layer coating with a thickness of 0.6-1.1 mm according to the preparation method of step ①.

(3) Preparing an anti-skid wear-resistant layer:

weighing 40-60 parts of high-temperature-resistant resin according to the mass part, adding 20-40 parts of curing agent, 0-40 parts of solvent and 50-100 parts of anti-skid aggregate, fully stirring for 5-20 min to obtain a mixture, and then uniformly rolling or brushing the mixture on the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing sandwich layer for 1-4 times, wherein the thickness is controlled to be 150-500 mu m;

(4) preparation of an ageing-resistant surface layer

And (3) uniformly coating the anti-aging finish paint for 1-3 times on the surface of the anti-skid wear-resistant layer by adopting a spraying or brushing mode, and controlling the thickness of the dry film to be 50-150 mu m to obtain the ablation-resistant wave-absorbing anti-skid wear-resistant composite coating.

The anticorrosion primer is prepared by taking epoxy resin or modified epoxy resin as a film forming material and adding an anticorrosion filler, such as HTL-92 iron oxide red epoxy primer, and the preparation method of the anticorrosion primer adopts a conventional preparation method in the field.

The modified epoxy resin comprises one of phenolic aldehyde modified epoxy resin, acrylic acid modified epoxy resin and epoxy phosphate resin.

The anti-corrosion filler is selected from one or a combination of more of iron oxide red, talcum powder, mica powder, barium sulfate, mica iron oxide, strontium chromate, zinc molybdate, zinc phosphate, aluminum tripolyphosphate, phosphomolybdate, titanium dioxide, kaolin, silica micropowder, alumina, calcium carbonate and zinc oxide; preferably one or more of iron red, micaceous iron oxide, strontium chromate, zinc molybdate, aluminum tripolyphosphate, talcum powder and mica powder.

The high-temperature resistant resin comprises one or more of phenol type novolac epoxy resin, o-cresol type novolac epoxy resin, bisphenol A type novolac epoxy resin, organic silicon modified epoxy resin, bisphenol A type epoxy resin and low bromine-containing epoxy resin.

The ablation-resistant filler is selected from one or a combination of more of fused zirconia, α -alumina, magnesia, barium phenolic aldehyde, fumed silica, iron oxide red, quartz powder, mica powder, chromium oxide, zinc oxide, chopped carbon fiber, high silica glass fiber, basalt fiber and mullite fiber.

The flame-retardant filler is one or a combination of more of aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, zinc borate, antimony trioxide, hydrotalcite, montmorillonite and diatomite.

The solvent is selected from one or a combination of a plurality of cyclohexanone, butyl acetate, butanone, acetone and xylene.

The curing agent is a polyamide curing agent.

The preparation method of the wave-absorbing fiber felt is a conventional method in the papermaking field, and is characterized in that an absorbent with the total mass of 0.1-5% of glass fiber and a binder is added in the mixing and dispersing stage of the preparation of the glass fiber felt, and the wave-absorbing fiber felt is prepared by dispersing and drying. The absorbent is one or a combination of carbon powder, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes or iron fiber, and the binder is a binder commonly used in the field.

The anti-skid granular material is selected from one or a combination of emery, brown corundum sand and quartz sand, preferably brown corundum sand, and the particle size is further limited to 16-24 meshes.

The anti-aging finish paint comprises one of fluorocarbon finish paint, organic silicon modified epoxy finish paint, epoxy modified organic silicon finish paint, hydroxyl polyester polyurethane finish paint and hydroxyl acrylic polyurethane finish paint.