阅读说明：本技术 一种桔梗发酵的方法 (Platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method ) 是由 崔承弼 齐欣 于婷 金莉英 姜欣 吴松权 于 2019-12-13 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种桔梗发酵的方法,属于桔梗发酵技术领域,所述方法包括以下步骤：1)将桔梗粉、葡萄糖和水混合获得发酵培养基；2)向所述发酵培养基中接种乳酸菌和酵母菌进行发酵获得发酵产物；所述桔梗粉与水的质量比为1:(4～6)；所述葡萄糖在所述发酵培养基中的质量百分含量为3％～8％；所述乳酸菌的接种体积与发酵培养基的质量比为(2～10)mL:(50～70)g；所述酵母菌的接种质量与发酵培养基的质量比为(0.1～0.5):(50～70)；所述发酵的时间为0.5～3d。本发明所述方法能够有针对性的提高桔梗中活性成分总皂苷、总多糖、总黄酮和总多酚的含量。(The invention provides a platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method, which belongs to the technical field of platycodon grandiflorum fermentation, and comprises the following steps: 1) mixing platycodon grandiflorum powder, glucose and water to obtain a fermentation medium; 2) inoculating lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into the fermentation medium for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; the mass ratio of the platycodon root powder to the water is 1 (4-6); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 3-8%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (2-10) mL (50-70) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.1-0.5) to (50-70); the fermentation time is 0.5-3 d. The method can pointedly improve the contents of the active ingredients of total saponins, total polysaccharides, total flavonoids and total polyphenols in the platycodon grandiflorum.)

1. A method for fermenting platycodon grandiflorum comprises the following steps:

1) mixing platycodon grandiflorum powder, glucose and water to obtain a fermentation medium;

2) inoculating lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into the fermentation medium for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;

the mass ratio of the platycodon root powder to the water is 1 (4-6);

the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 3-8%;

the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (2-10) mL (50-70) g;

the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.1-0.5) to (50-70);

the fermentation time is 0.5-3 d.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lactic acid bacteria is Pediococcus acidilacticiJ9, the inoculated lactic acid bacteria is a liquid strain, and the concentration of the lactic acid bacteria is (0.5-1.5) x 10⁶CFU/mL。

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1 (4.8-5.2); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 4.5-5.5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (3-4) mL (55-65) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.15-0.2) to (55-65); the fermentation time is 1 d.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1: 5; the mass percentage of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is 3.5mL:60 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is 0.175: 60.

5. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1 (3.8-4.2); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 3.5-4.5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (3-4) mL (45-55) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.15-0.2) to (45-55); the fermentation time is 1 d.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1: 4; the mass percentage of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 4%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is 3.5mL to 50 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is 0.175: 50.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1 (5.5-6.5); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 3.5-4.5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (3-4) mL (65-75) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.15-0.2) to (65-75); the fermentation time is 1.5-2.5 days.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1: 6; the mass percentage of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 4%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is 3.5mL to 70 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is 0.175: 70; the fermentation time is 2 d.

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1 (5.5-6.5); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 6.5-7.5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (8-9) mL (65-75) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.4-0.45) to (65-75); the fermentation time is 0.5-1.5 days.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1: 6; the mass percentage of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 7%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is 8.5mL:70 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is 0.425: 70; the fermentation time is 1 d.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of platycodon grandiflorum fermentation, and particularly relates to a platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method.

Background

Platycodon grandiflorum is a plant of genus Platycodon of family Campanulaceae, and is mainly distributed in Henan, Hebei, Liaoning and Jilin of China. Wherein wild radix Platycodi growing in Changbai mountain is used as top grade. The platycodon root is slightly warm in nature, bitter and pungent in taste, and is a traditional wild Chinese herbal medicine with multiple purposes of medicine, food and appreciation in China.

From the current research situation of platycodon grandiflorum, most researches are still carried out on the analysis of platycodon grandiflorum components and other pharmacological action researches, and relatively few reports are made on whether the platycodon grandiflorum has the effect of reducing blood sugar and on active components related to the effect of reducing blood sugar. If the research on the biological activity of the platycodon grandiflorum and the research on the chemical components are combined, the hypoglycemic effect of the main hypoglycemic factor of the platycodon grandiflorum is researched through reasonable experimental design, so that the wild Chinese herbal medicine platycodon grandiflorum resource can play a role in developing new medicines, health-care foods and the like for diabetics.

In recent years, research results at home and abroad show that the functional components with the blood sugar-reducing bioactivity contained in the traditional Chinese medicine mainly comprise six types, namely polysaccharides, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and sulfur-containing compounds. From the perspective of molecular and traditional Chinese medicine science, the Chinese herbal medicine has the characteristics of multiple formulas, multiple components and multiple target points, the medicinal mechanism of the Chinese herbal medicine is more complex compared with western medicines, and the Chinese herbal medicine has the synergistic effect of multiple mechanisms to achieve the purpose of reducing blood sugar. In the traditional Chinese herbal medicine platycodon grandiflorum, the main components with the effect of reducing blood sugar are also contained, such as platycodon grandiflorum saponins, platycodon grandiflorum polysaccharide and oligosaccharides, platycodon grandiflorum flavonoids and platycodon grandiflorum polyphenol compounds.

Among them, saponin may also be called saponin, etc., and more than 600 bioactive saponin components have been discovered so far. The compound has a plurality of pharmacological activities, is widely existed in the root, stem and leaf parts of some Chinese herbal medicines and the like; there are almost 70 kinds of saponins isolated from the root of platycodon grandiflorum.

Polysaccharides are one of four major substances constituting organisms, and are various, and the relative molecular weight is from thousands to tens of millions; it is classified into starch, glycogen, cellulose, polysaccharide, hyaluronic acid, etc. Polysaccharide compounds are widely present in Chinese herbal medicines in the form of polysaccharides, chitosan or cellulose. A large amount of platycodon grandiflorum glycans exist at the root of platycodon grandiflorum, 8 identified platycodon grandiflorum glycans have structures, and platycodon grandiflorum contains a large amount of platycodon grandiflorum glucoside and glycan compounds.

The polyphenol compounds are mysterious substances which enable plants to show colors, are known as 'seventh type nutrients', and have certain functional effects. The polyphenol substance is a good natural antioxidant, and the antioxidant effect of the polyphenol substance is that phenolic hydroxyl groups of the polyphenol substance are easily oxidized into quinone substances, and the quinone substances have good capturing capability on active oxygen free radicals, so that the polyphenol substance is used for the aspects of sunscreen or anti-aging and anti-aging of cosmetics. In recent years, polyphenols have been used in research on the treatment of diabetes due to their strong antioxidant properties. A great deal of documents report that polyphenols have the function of assisting in reducing blood sugar and can prevent and treat the occurrence and development of diabetes. The main 14 types of polyphenol compounds and derivatives thereof in the platycodon grandiflorum exist, single experiments and researches on the blood sugar reduction of the polyphenol compounds in the platycodon grandiflorum are few, and the polyphenols may participate in regulating certain metabolic pathways or exert synergistic action with certain functional substances to realize blood sugar reduction.

The flavonoid compounds are mainly classified into flavonoids, flavonols, isoflavones, auranone, anthocyanidin and the like, and are widely distributed and distributed. The total number of flavonoids found to date is already over 9000, and they are often present in plants in combination with glycosides. The total flavonoids in the platycodon grandiflorum are nearly 20 types, including apigenin, quercetin and the like, and are easily absorbed and digested by a human body. The flavonoids are insoluble or poorly soluble in water, and are easily soluble in organic solvents such as methanol and ethanol. Therefore, like polyphenols, there are few and few research reports on the blood sugar reducing effect of flavonoids in platycodon grandiflorum.

The method for improving the content of active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine by utilizing the microbial fermentation technology has become the trend of the pharmacological research of the traditional Chinese medicine. Natural products such as alkaloid compounds and phenylpropanoid compounds generated in the fermentation process of the traditional Chinese medicine can prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and cancers and can assist in treating diabetes. The microbial fermentation process has great influence on traditional Chinese medicine phenols and flavonoids compounds, glucoside compounds can be converted into aglycon forms in the fermentation process, and the compounds are mainly related to the antioxidation and hypoglycemic effects of organisms. At present, no efficient method for improving the content of active ingredients in platycodon grandiflorum through fermentation exists.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for fermenting platycodon grandiflorum; the method for fermenting the platycodon grandiflorum can purposefully improve the contents of active ingredients, namely saponin, polysaccharide, flavone and polyphenol in the platycodon grandiflorum by combined fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method, which comprises the following steps:

1) mixing platycodon grandiflorum powder, glucose and water to obtain a fermentation medium;

2) inoculating lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into the fermentation medium for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product;

the mass ratio of the platycodon root powder to the water is 1 (4-6);

the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 3-8%;

the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (2-10) mL (50-70) g;

the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.1-0.5) to (50-70);

the fermentation time is 0.5-3 d.

Preferably, the lactic acid bacterium is Pediococcus acidilactici J9, DowThe inoculated lactobacillus is a liquid strain, and the concentration of the lactobacillus is (0.5-1.5) multiplied by 10⁶CFU/mL。

Preferably, the mass ratio of the platycodon root powder to the water is 1 (4.8-5.2); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 4.5-5.5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (3-4) mL (55-65) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.15-0.2) to (55-65); the fermentation time is 1 d.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1: 5; the mass percentage of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is 3.5mL:60 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is 0.175: 60.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the platycodon root powder to the water is 1 (3.8-4.2); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 3.5-4.5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (3-4) mL (45-55) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.15-0.2) to (45-55); the fermentation time is 1 d.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1: 4; the mass percentage of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 4%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is 3.5mL to 50 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is 0.175: 50.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the platycodon root powder to the water is 1 (5.5-6.5); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 3.5-4.5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (3-4) mL (65-75) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.15-0.2) to (65-75); the fermentation time is 1.5-2.5 days.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1: 6; the mass percentage of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 4%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is 3.5mL to 70 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is 0.175: 70; the fermentation time is 2 d.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the platycodon root powder to the water is 1 (5.5-6.5); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 6.5-7.5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (8-9) mL (65-75) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.4-0.45) to (65-75); the fermentation time is 0.5-1.5 days.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to the water is 1: 6; the mass percentage of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 7%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is 8.5mL:70 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is 0.425: 70; the fermentation time is 1 d.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method provided by the invention, lactobacillus and saccharomycetes are used for combined fermentation, and the contents of active ingredients including total saponin, total polysaccharide, total flavone and total polyphenol in platycodon grandiflorum can be improved in a targeted manner by adjusting the ratio of fermented materials to liquids, the inoculation amounts of the two strains, the content of glucose in a fermentation medium and the fermentation time. According to the records of the embodiment of the invention, the contents of the total saponins, the total polysaccharides, the total flavonoids and the total polyphenols are respectively increased to 5.44%, 9.11%, 2.59% and 3.36%.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method, which comprises the following steps: 1) mixing radix Platycodi powder, glucose and water to obtain fermentation culture medium; 2) inoculating lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into the fermentation medium for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; the mass ratio of the platycodon root powder to the water is 1 (4-6); the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is 3-8%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is (2-10) mL (50-70) g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the microzyme to the fermentation medium is (0.1-0.5) to (50-70); the fermentation time is 0.5-3 d.

In the invention, when the platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method is used for improving the content of total saponins in platycodon grandiflorum, the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to water is preferably 1 (4.8-5.2), and more preferably 1: 5; the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is preferably 4.5-5.5%, and more preferably 5%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is preferably (3-4) mL, (55-65) g, and more preferably 3.5mL:60 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is preferably (0.15-0.2): (55-65), and more preferably 0.175: 60; the fermentation time is preferably 1 day.

In the invention, when the platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method is used for improving the total polysaccharide content of the platycodon grandiflorum, the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to water is preferably 1 (3.8-4.2), and more preferably 1: 4; the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is preferably 3.5-4.5%, and more preferably 4%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is preferably (3-4) mL, (45-55) g, and more preferably 3.5mL:50 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is preferably (0.15-0.2): 45-55, and more preferably 0.175: 50; the fermentation time is preferably 1 day.

In the invention, when the platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method is used for improving the content of total flavonoids in platycodon grandiflorum, the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to water is preferably 1 (5.5-6.5), and more preferably 1: 6; the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is preferably 3.5-4.5%, and more preferably 4%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is preferably (3-4) mL, (65-75) g, and more preferably 3.5mL:70 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is preferably (0.15-0.2): (65-75), and more preferably 0.175: 70; the fermentation time is preferably 1.5-2.5 days, and more preferably 2 days.

In the invention, when the platycodon grandiflorum fermentation method is used for improving the total polyphenol content of platycodon grandiflorum, the mass ratio of the platycodon grandiflorum powder to water is preferably 1 (5.5-6.5), and more preferably 1: 6; the mass percentage content of the glucose in the fermentation medium is preferably 6.5-7.5%, and more preferably 7%; the mass ratio of the inoculation volume of the lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation medium is preferably (8-9) mL, (65-75) g, and more preferably 8.5mL:70 g; the mass ratio of the inoculation mass of the yeast to the fermentation medium is preferably (0.4-0.45): (65-75), and more preferably 0.425: 70; the fermentation time is 0.5-1.5 d, and more preferably 1 d.

In the invention, balloonflower powder, glucose and water are mixed to obtain a fermentation medium; the mixing in the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be a mixing that is conventional in the art. In the invention, the fermentation medium is sterilized before the fermentation, and the sterilization treatment in the invention has no special requirement and can be performed by the conventional sterilization treatment in the field.

Inoculating lactic acid bacteria and saccharomycetes into the fermentation medium to ferment so as to obtain a fermentation product; in the invention, the lactobacillus is preferably Pediococcus acidilactici J9, the inoculated lactobacillus is a liquid strain, and the concentration of the lactobacillus is preferably (0.5-1.5) x 10⁶CFU/mL, more preferably 1.467X 10⁶CFU/mL; in the present invention, the yeast is preferably commercially available Angel yeast. In the invention, the fermentation temperature is preferably 23-30 ℃, and more preferably 25 ℃; and carrying out aerobic oscillation fermentation of the fermentation.

In the present invention, after the fermentation is completed, the extraction step of the active ingredient is preferably performed. In the present invention, the extraction is preferably ultrasonic extraction; the extractant for ultrasonic extraction is preferably ethanol with the volume concentration of 70%; the ultrasonic extraction time is preferably 0.8-1.2 h, and more preferably 1 h; the power of ultrasonic waves in the ultrasonic extraction process is preferably 150-250W, and more preferably 200W; according to the invention, after the ultrasonic extraction, the extracting solution is preferably collected; carrying out rotary evaporation and concentration on the extracting solution, and freeze-drying to obtain an active ingredient; the specific parameters of the rotary evaporation concentration and the freeze-drying are not particularly limited, and the parameters of the rotary evaporation concentration and the freeze-drying which are conventional in the field can be adopted.

The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

The balloon flower sources in the following examples and comparative examples: collected in the Jiu-year old, wild Jiu-county.