阅读说明：本技术 一种导电纳米纤维膜及其制备方法 (Conductive nanofiber membrane and preparation method thereof ) 是由 陈奕翔 俞丹 王炜 王泽鸿 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种导电纳米纤维膜及其制备方法,纤维膜以含钯聚丙烯腈PAN纳米纤维膜为载体,化学镀银,获得。本发明所述的制备方法能够通过调节工艺参数来改变纳米纤维膜的导电性和纳米纤维膜形貌。该制备方法新颖,工艺简单,调节灵活,重复率高,加工方便,柔性大且轻薄,尤其适合在智能纺织品领域的应用。(The invention relates to a conductive nanofiber membrane and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method can change the conductivity of the nanofiber membrane and the appearance of the nanofiber membrane by adjusting process parameters. The preparation method is novel, simple in process, flexible in adjustment, high in repetition rate, convenient to process, large in flexibility, light and thin, and particularly suitable for application in the field of intelligent textiles.)

1. the conductive nanofiber membrane is characterized in that the conductive nanofiber membrane is obtained by taking a palladium-containing PAN nanofiber membrane as a carrier and performing chemical silvering.

2. A method of making a conductive nanofiber comprising:

(1) preparing electrostatic spinning solution containing palladium salt and PAN, and performing electrostatic spinning to obtain a PAN nanofiber membrane containing palladium;

(2) and (3) dipping the palladium-containing PAN nanofiber membrane into a reducing solution, adding a silver plating solution, carrying out chemical plating under an ultrasonic condition, washing and drying to obtain the conductive nanofiber.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the electrospinning solution in the step (1) is specifically: dissolving palladium salt in a solvent to obtain a palladium salt solution, then adding PAN, magnetically stirring for 4-8h at 50-70 ℃ and the rotation speed of 500-1000rpm, standing for 5-10min, and defoaming to obtain the electrostatic spinning solution.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the palladium salt is PdCl₂(ii) a The solvent is one or more of sulfolane, ethylene nitrate, N-dimethylformamide DMF and dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO; the concentration of the palladium salt solution is 1-10 ppm; the mass fraction of PAN in the electrostatic spinning solution is 8-10 wt%.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the electrostatic spinning process parameters in the step (1) are as follows: the electrostatic spinning device comprises an injection pump propelling speed, a spinning nozzle aperture, an electrostatic high voltage value and a rotary receiving device; the electrostatic spinning process parameters are as follows: the propelling speed is 5.5-6.5 ml/h, the diameter of a spinning head of the electrostatic spinning device is 0.67-0.90 mm, the voltage is 15-18 kV, the distance between the rotary receiving device and a nozzle is 12-15 cm, the spinning time is 8-12 h, the ambient temperature is 20-40 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 30-80%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the reducing solution in the step (2) is specifically: adding ethanol and polyethylene glycol into the glucose aqueous solution, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product; the silver plating solution is: preparing a silver nitrate solution water solution, then dropwise adding ammonia water until the solution is clear, and finally adding ethylenediamine and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the two solutions is 1: 1.

7. the preparation method according to claim 6, wherein in the reducing solution, 15-30g/L of glucose, 60ml/L of ethanol and 60mg/L of polyethylene glycol are contained; the concentration of the silver plating solution is 4-12 g/L; the concentration of ethylenediamine was 10 ml/L.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the step (2) of dipping the reducing solution for 5-10 s; the chemical plating is as follows: chemically plating for 30-50min under the ultrasonic condition of 30-40 ℃; the drying is as follows: drying at 40-60 deg.C for 1-2 hr.

9. A conductive nanofiber prepared by the method of claim 2.

10. Use of the conductive nanofiber as claimed in claim 1.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of conductive materials and preparation thereof, and particularly relates to a conductive nanofiber membrane and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The nanofiber membrane has the characteristics of controllable fiber size and structural morphology and a porous structure, and can greatly increase the specific surface area, such as a catalyst, a sensor, a filtering material and the like. The conductive nanofiber material has the characteristics of nanofibers and excellent conductivity, can meet certain special performance requirements, and has outstanding application performance in the fields of myocardial and neural tissue engineering, electric sensors, electric energy storage and the like.

The polymer nano-fiber prepared by electrostatic spinning is generally non-conductive, which limits the potential application range to a certain extent, and after the nano-fiber is metallized by a physical or chemical method, the excellent performance of the nano-fiber can be combined with the performance of the metallized conductive fiber, so that the conductive performance of the nano-fiber is improved, and meanwhile, the antibacterial performance, the electromagnetic shielding performance and the like can also be improved. The chemical plating method is an effective method for metallizing the nano-fibers, and comprises four steps of degreasing, coarsening, sensitizing and activating and chemical plating.

In the traditional conductive nanofiber material, a conductive additive is added into a precursor spinning solution to realize the conductivity of the composite material. The conductive nanofiber membrane is prepared from the spinning solution formed by mixing the silver nanowires and the nanocellulose solution, the stability of the silver nanowires is improved, and the good conductivity and light transmittance of the silver nanowires are kept. This method requires more conductive additives to form communication paths within the fibers, and is inefficient and has poor mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In recent years, a preparation method for adsorbing nano conductive additives such as carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide on the surface of a nanofiber material has appeared. The nanometer fiber film is prepared by reducing graphene oxide, so that the conductivity of the nanometer fiber material is improved, the appearance of the nanometer fiber on the surface of the material is controllably adjusted, the material has excellent conductivity under the condition of less addition amount, but the total amount of passively adsorbed conductive additives is limited, and the pure adsorption is difficult to uniformly distribute, so that the method has more difficulties in accurately controlling the appearance of the nanometer fiber film and improving and adjusting the conductivity.

CN107541953A discloses a composite conductive fiber and a preparation method thereof, the fiber coated with polymer is deposited with silver after being attached with palladium chloride, but the process operation is complicated and needs two times of chemical plating to have better conductive performance, the nano fiber membrane treated by the invention is prepared by adding palladium into spinning solution, the content of activating agent is small, the dispersion is uniform, the nano silver is uniformly plated on the nano fiber membrane, the nano fiber membrane has better conductive performance and cohesiveness, the fiber can be completely coated without two times of deposition, the operation process requirement is simple, and the preparation process is simple and convenient.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a conductive nanofiber membrane and a preparation method thereof, overcoming the defects of large palladium consumption, complicated silver plating process and non-uniform silver plating layer in chemical silver plating in the prior art, and simultaneously providing a method for enabling nanofibers to have uniform conductivity. In the invention, a trace amount of palladium chloride in the spinning solution is used as an activation site of the nano-fiber for chemical plating.

The conductive nanofiber membrane is obtained by taking a polyacrylonitrile nanofiber membrane containing palladium as a carrier and chemically plating silver.

The deposition amount of the silver on the conductive nanofiber film is 2-5 mg/cm²。

The invention relates to a preparation method of conductive nano fibers, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing an electrostatic spinning solution containing palladium salt and PAN, and performing electrostatic spinning to obtain a PAN nanofiber membrane containing palladium (namely the PAN nanofiber membrane containing rich activation centers);

(2) and (3) dipping the palladium-containing PAN nanofiber membrane into a reducing solution, adding a silver plating solution, carrying out chemical plating under an ultrasonic condition, washing and drying to obtain the conductive nanofiber.

The preferred mode of the above preparation method is as follows:

the electrostatic spinning solution in the step (1) is specifically: dissolving palladium salt in a specific solvent to obtain a palladium salt solution, then adding PAN, magnetically stirring for 4-8h at 50-70 ℃ and the rotation speed of 500-1000rpm, standing for 5-10min, removing bubbles in the solution, and obtaining the uniform and stable electrostatic spinning solution.

The palladium salt is PdCl₂(ii) a The solvent is one or more of sulfolane, ethylene nitrate, N-dimethylformamide DMF and dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO; the concentration of the palladium salt solution is 1-10 ppm; the mass fraction of PAN in the electrostatic spinning solution is 8-10 wt%.

The specific solvent in the step (1) is DMF.

The electrostatic spinning process parameters in the step (1) are as follows: the electrostatic spinning device comprises an injection pump propelling speed, a spinning nozzle aperture, an electrostatic high voltage value and a rotary receiving device; the electrostatic spinning process parameters are as follows: the propelling speed is 5.5-6.5 ml/h, the diameter of a spinning head of the electrostatic spinning device is 0.67-0.90 mm, the voltage is 15-18 kV, the distance between the rotary receiving device and a nozzle is 12-15 cm, the spinning time is 8-12 h, the ambient temperature is 20-40 ℃, and the ambient humidity is 30-80%.

The reducing solution in the step (2) is specifically as follows: adding ethanol and polyethylene glycol into the glucose aqueous solution, and mixing uniformly to obtain the product; the silver plating solution is: preparing a silver nitrate solution water solution, then dropwise adding ammonia water until the solution is clear, and finally adding ethylenediamine and uniformly mixing; the volume ratio of the two solutions is 1: 1.

in the reducing solution, 15-30g/L of glucose, 60ml/L of ethanol and 60mg/L of polyethylene glycol are added; the concentration of the silver plating solution is 4-12 g/L; the concentration of ethylenediamine was 10 ml/L.

Dipping the reducing solution in the step (2) for 5-10 s; the chemical plating is as follows: chemically plating for 30-50min under the ultrasonic condition of 30-40 ℃; the drying is as follows: drying at 40-60 deg.C for 1-2 hr.

The conductive nanofiber prepared by the method is provided. The diameter of the fiber in the prepared nanofiber material film is 50 nm-500 nm, and the thickness of the material is 100-300 mu m.

The invention also discloses an application of the conductive nanofiber.

Advantageous effects

(1) The nanofiber membrane prepared by the method has a rough surface and a porous structure, a coarsening pretreatment process is not needed, and for the problem that the steps of the traditional two-step method of sensitization and activation are complicated, a sensitizer and an activator are dissolved into the same solution, a catalytic center is directly generated in the solution, then the fiber is soaked in the solution, the catalytic center is adsorbed to the surface by the fiber, palladium chloride is directly dissolved in a spinning solution, and the fiber membrane with an activation site is spun, so that the uniformity and the fastness are more excellent; the method has the advantages that trace palladium chloride in the spinning solution is used as an activation site of the nanofiber for chemical plating, high-efficiency conductivity can be achieved when low-concentration palladium is added, high conductivity can be achieved when 1ppm low-concentration palladium is added, the nano silver on the surface is uniformly distributed, the conductivity can be accurately controlled by adjusting silver plating process parameters, and the light, thin, flexible and porous structure of the nanofiber membrane visible under an electron microscope is reserved.

(2) The method can change the conductivity of the nanofiber membrane and the appearance of the nanofiber membrane by adjusting process parameters, and the obtained nano conductive fiber has high conductivity (the square resistance of the nanofiber membrane is less than or equal to 0.8 omega/□);

(3) the preparation method is novel, simple in process, flexible in adjustment, high in repetition rate, short in production period, good in conductivity and uniformity, capable of accurately controlling the conductivity, and capable of keeping the light, thin and flexible properties of the nanofiber membrane and the porous structure of the porous structure visible under an electron microscope, and is particularly suitable for application in the field of intelligent textiles;

(4) the preparation method based on introducing the activating agent into the PAN nanofiber membrane and chemically plating silver is simple to operate, high in efficiency, flexible, light, thin, high in fastness of the nano silver plating layer, good in uniformity and durability, and excellent in conductivity, flexibility and adjustability, and silver coated on the surface of the nano silver plating layer is not easy to fall off after washing and rubbing.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of electroless plating according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of the nanofiber membrane of the example: wherein a is a pure PAN nanofiber membrane; b is a PAN nanofiber membrane added with palladium chloride; c is a conductive PAN nanofiber membrane prepared without palladium or activation; d is a conductive PAN nanofiber membrane prepared by activation with palladium.

Detailed Description

The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and such equivalents may fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.